Download pdf - Qgis ACF Training ENG_draft_110209

ACF Training ENG_draft_110209 - 1 -

CartONG Btiment A, Bureau 116 Parc dactivits de Cte Rousse CartONG, GIS and Mapping services for humanitarian organisations 180 rue du Genevois 73000 Chambry [email protected] www.cartONG.org

GIS Training Google Earth QGIS 0.11.1

Linking Data from Sphinx

CartONG December 9-11, 2008

Action Contre la Faim (Spain)

Version 1.1

DRAFT



Document and tutorial created by Yann Rbois in collaboration with Julien Muraz Version 1.0 August 2007 Version 1.1 December 2008 Translation December 2008 , Stephanie Perham The coordinates have not been updated and are only to be used as educational examples. Certain parts of the training were taken from http://www.sigea.educagri.fr. All improvements and future developments will be shared with the humanitarian community. Developers! To your keyboards! [email protected] www.CartONG.org



TABLE OF CONTENTS PRELIMINARY 5 PLOTTING VISUALIZATION DATA INTO GOOGLE EARTH 6 PRESENTATION QGIS POSSIBILITIES 7 The Advantages of Working with QGIS 7 Description of a Possible Geographic Base Coordinates Structure Adapted for NGOs 10 Structuring Projects using QGIS 11

1. WAT/SAN THEMATIC 16

1.1 Display Properties

1.2 Cartography with Thematic Analysis 17

1.2.1 Streaming EXCEL 18

1.2.2 Cartography Thematics 19

1.3 Tagging Information in an Existing Table 22

1.3.1 Editing layers 22

1.4 Searching/Selecting Table Attributes 25

1.4.1 Searching 25

1.4.2 Selecting with SQL 25

1.5 Raster Management 27

1.6 Navigation 28

1.7 Consulting WMS layers 28

1.7.1 Pre-saved Connections 28

1.7.2 New Connections 30

2. ROADS AND ROAD REHABILITATION 31

2.1 Integrating Coordinates from a GPS into an Existing Layer 31

2.2 Downloading data from the GPS 33

2.3 Editing the Geometry 34

2.4 Register a Raster Image 35

2.5 Inserting the Coordinates in Text Format, CSV with the

Plug-in Delimited Text 36

2.6 Creation of a New Layer 37

2.7 Page Setting 40



3. POPULATION MOVEMENT THEMATIC 42

3.1 Assigning a Unique Symbol for ACF 43

3.2 Mapping Different Projections 44

3.3 Working with Graticules 46

4. FOOD SECURITY THEMATIC 47 4.1 Linking Information from a Survey like SPHINX 47

4.2 Exporting the Thematic Fields 48

4.3 Mapping the Data 50

4.4 Site Selection with Random Sampling 52

4.5 Creation of Grids for a Better Sampling Methodology 55

4.6 Counting the Number of Villages within Each Grid 56

4.7 Sampling with a Subset 57

4.8 Selection with Random Subsets 58

4.9 Mapping Indicators or Aggregated Information 60

4.10 Buffer: How to Design an Area of Influence 60

4.11 Count the Villages that are within the Buffer 61

4.12 Determining a Best Location 62

4.13 Inserting a Map into SPHINX 63

5. FINAL EXERCISE 66



How to Use this Document In italics: Question, exercise to complete

Trick: Practical advice for efficient work. PRELIMINARY: Download and install the most recent version of QGIS from: http://download.qgis.org/qgis/ or install from CD Installation of FWtools (following the software for coordinate conversion) or from the CD. Download Grass: http://grass.itc.it/grass62/binary/mswindows/ (optional). Download Scintilla: http://scintilla.sourceforge.net/ScintillaDownload.html or install from the CD GPSBabel: http://sourceforge.net/project/downloading.php?group_id=58972&use_mirror=easynews&filename=gpsbabel-1.3.4.zip&99450959 or install from the CD PDF Creator: http://sourceforge.net/project/downloading.php?group_id=57796&use_mirror=easynews&filename=PDFCreator-0_9_3_GPLGhostscript.exe&79159352 or install from the CD Google Earth (version-pro), preferably, http://earth.google.com/ Resources: http://blog.qgis.org http://www.portailsig.org/, http://gis.coaps.fsu.edu/FOSS_GIS/Introduction_to_Quantum_GIS_0_8_0.pdf%20 http://www.georezo.net/ http://www.portailsig.org/ http://seig.ensg.ign.fr http://www.ensg.ign.fr/

Objectives: Themes to tackle and master.

File Code



1. GOOGLE EARTH: SOFTWARE FOR QUICK MAP PRODUCTION 1.1 Navigate to Panganan (The Philippines)

1.2 Plot the exact location of the village http://earth.google.com/userguide/v4/tutorials/marking_locations.html 1.3 Plot the crops to the southern part of the village 1.4 Manage the layers 1.5 Getting coordinates in Degrees Minutes Seconds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sEpqGlIY04s 1.6 Export image to be inserted in a GIS 1.7 Plotting GPS coordinates Coordinates should be downloaded first into a GPX format. 1.8 Version Pro 1.8.1 Downloading waypoints 1.8.2 Export image to be inrted in a GIS 1.8.3 Exporting KML fle to shp file Using shp2Kml software Or ogr2ogr -f KML input.kml output .shp -dsco AltitudeMode=absolute 1.9 Added value/disadvantages of working with Google Earth



2. POTENTIAL USES OF QGIS There is a choice between free solutions and solutions that must be purchased. It depends on your choice as well as maintenance fees, development fees and labour costs.

QGIS is a good choice for a simple and robust way to present information quickly

QGIS can be used to liaise with distant layers and servers, but is not very compatible with Windows

There is a large community of QGIS developpers compared to other free GIS solutions.

QGIS is limited in terms of asthetical view point/graphics QGIS has the advantage of being able to work with logistics attributes Using Windows, there are often little bugs in QGIS QGIS allows the use of other conversion tools for extrating or juggling the

coordinates Linux is the best environment for QGIS!

Advantages of Working with QGIS

Numerous Usable Formats

QGIS allows the use of numerous raster and vector formats at one time. In effect, for

this to take place, QGIS is based on OGR libraries for the vectors and GDAL for the

rasters. As a result, it is possible to open *.shp, *.tab, and *.mif/mid. as well as *.tiff,

jpeg, etc. QGIS is conditioned to open both format types. It is also possible to open

*.ecw files by using or compiling a version of GDAL that accepts that type of format.

It is equally possible to connect to WMS and WFS servers and also to attach layers concerning specific issues from the spatial PostgreSQL cartridge: PostGIS

Projection and Re-projection

In the same method as with file formats, projections under GQIS are generated by an

external library: Proj4. This library references a very large number of projections,

most of which are commonly used in France.

Additionally, QGIS allows the re-projection on the fly. That means it will reproject a

layer according a baseline projection dataset. For this, you must render the project

properties (Preferences/Properties of the project) in the projection of the thumbnail.

You need to check the box: Authorize projection on the fly.

Thematic analysis tools and attachments

QGIS Interface Presentation



1. Menu Bar / Tool Bars

This bar allows you to use different software

functions.

File (Open, save, export or print)

View (Zoom tools and position markers)

Layer (Add, cut, choose graphics for layers)

Settings (Adjustment of boundaries and

projections)

Plugins (Sub-menus corresponding to the installed plugins)

Help

2

1

3

4

5



The toolbars correspond to the functions in the menus. Nevertheless, during the first

use, not all the tools are visible (plug-in tools). Plug-ins are activated by using the

menu called Plug-ins/Plug-in Management, which allows you to attach the

corresponding tools.

2. Legend

This area of the software allows you to play with the visibility of the layers and their

order. The topmost layers in this window are superimposed over the layers beneath.

The tick box found directly to the left of a layers name allows you to attach or hide the

layer. The layer can then be edited by clicking on the layer.

3. The Browsing Window

This area allows you to see the assembled layers. The attached area in the primary

window is represented by a rectangle. On the version metis, the overview window

cannot be inserted in the page.

4. The Map Window

This is the window within which the map elements are attached. These elements vary

and will function depending on the vector and raster layers that you have selected in

the legend window. In this window, you may use the navigation tools (zoom to slide

the back of the map onto the screen).

5. The Status Bar

The map scale in the primary window is attached to the status bar. To have a correct

scale bar the working units must be metric. (Preference Menu/Project Properties).

The status bar also gives the (X,Y) coordinates on the map. The coordinates are

expressed as a part of the chosen projection system. A tick box allows

activation/deactivation

A tick box permits the activation/deactivation of the possible actions that can be made on the map. This can be useful after complex treatments as it frees up software resources. If the tick box is checked, the screen cannot be refreshed.



Description of a possible structure for a geographic database adapted for NGOs.

Consolidating information between different offices and having a geodatabase model allows you to easily synchronize information and have a unique model that follows the different projects. The file system can be divided into two large parts: A Data file that compiles the coordinates can be used by all projects taking place at the global level (relief, office, field) and a file of specific projects for the country/region and for the project itself. Each country file can be broken down into file projects. Each project should be divided by a cartographic project code that is named as precisely as possible. A country-specific layers file can include sub-files by thematic. An *.img file protects map exports in image format. NGOs should use a unique projection system, for example: longitude/latitude in WGS84.

-To name the projects, think of naming the page setting and the size of the operation. A3PC signifies a map in A3 format in colour portrait. L for Landscape for example. -To name the exports, use the name of the project with the data at the end dd/mm/yy. - It is important to develop a map template with a dataset by regrouping the generic data after being able to operate quickly. -Define your own semiology for boundaries, administrative units, school representation, programme colouring, etc.

Objective: - Establish and construct a filesystem that can be easily be replicated and financed in

different operations. - Understand the QGIS project structure.



Structuring the Project Under QGIS Understanding how the application functions facilitates use. By editing the project with a text editor, some lines of the code describe the map developed with QGIS. meters 69.128365 34.915400 69.157335 34.938700 i_42_43_320070819115857281 C:\Solidarites_formation\Mapdatabase\Projects\Country\Afghanistan\Layers\Raster\i_42_43_3.jpg i_42_43_3 +proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs 2585 4326 4326 WGS 84 longlat WGS84 false +proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs 2585 4326 4326 WGS 84 longlat WGS84 false 255 MULTI_BAND_COLOR 0 1 : Red 2 : Green 3 : Blue Not Set i_42_43_120070819115818687 C:\Documents and Settings\CartONG_Mob1\Desktop\final_wells_enhanced_not_erase.shp final_wells_enhanced_not_erase

1

2



+proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs 2585 4326 4326 WGS 84 longlat WGS84 false +proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs 2585 4326 4326 WGS 84 longlat WGS84 false 255 ogr System DONOR ID 0 25 hard:circle 6 SolidLine 1 SolidPattern DFID hard:star 6 SolidLine 1 SolidPattern USAID hard:triangle 14 SolidLine 1 SolidPattern

3



210 297 243 Legend 27 0 true 0 true 0 true 0 1 true 0 true 2 false 4 MS Shell Dlg 2 false 50 false

4



landscape 219 63.2871249888187 1 26 28 scale 6.7124018264811 166 34.4956998322459 true 1 0.5 0 64.7571409888181 35.3859024474653 300 2 136 0.1 137 1 m 2 1 14 MS Shell Dlg 2 false 50 false 0 255 255 255 255 255 true 0 0 0 0 1 30 true 2 true

5



1. Description of the map 2. Description of the layers 3. Description of the thematic analysis of the map 4. Description of the legend 5. Description of the page setting Importance of conserving the access paths to the layers: If you move the layers, QGIS cannot open the projet. It is possible to change the access path by using the code. If you reopen a project saved under e previuos version you will get a warning message, if you move some layers and you try to reopen the project, QGIS might ask you where are located the layers. Error lines will stop you from being able to find the paths and do your work / It will be interesting to develop a map template with layers used on a daily basis and for all emergencies (localized in the data) in order to add specific layers, especially during expert missions and emergencies.



Datasets available in the map database include: provinces, wells in the Shamali Plain, topographical maps.

Most importantly, do not forget to save your document regularly. 1. WAT/SAN Thematic

1.1 Display properties

1.1.1 Open the project: Afghanistan_Watsan_projects_A4LC.qg by clicking on the

following icon: The project will begin by

displaying 3 layers: The provinces and the rivers in

a vector file and 2 topograhical maps in raster.

1.1.2 Before loading the layer for wells on the

Shamali Plain, change the layer on provinces to

suit your taste (e.g., colours, borders, label).

Objectives: - Work with punctuals symbols on the Wat/San thematic. - Add vectorial layers and rasters. - Edit and enter the data into an Excel spreadsheet. - Search for information in the attributes tables. - Create thematic analyses to represent the information. - Edit a punctual layer and take the data attributes at the same time. - Navigate favourites. - Load the distant WMS layers.



Choose the labelling and choose the field in which you want to set the labelling.

For the province label, the colour, the size of the label (choose the size systematically

by taking into consideration the size of that the points will be printed on paper), and

the different thumbnails are up to you.

Align the font (centre, high, low) and orient the labels. The buffer allows you to draw

a halo that gives a nice render around the letters.

Position: QGIS does not authorize modification of the manual / for label placement, nor for the option of labelling 2 object fields. / You cannot delte multiple polygon labels /. Instead, you have to play around with the positioning of the labels. There is also the possibility of classifying the labelling manual or semi-manual. A field

position must be defined to show the position of the label (complete the label_x or

label_y fields manually, then use these fields to position the labels. There can also

be a field that gives the rotation/angle of the text).



Data Defined Style allows you to attribute specific types of labels for each type of

data.

Open the vector layer final_wells_enhanced_not_erase.shp with

First, modify the tables fields in order to be able to use the different types of

cartographic themes. Modify the fields so that the fields are Integer or float.

1.2 Mapping with Thematic Analyses

For this to be done, the fields must be in integer or floating format. Open the *.DBF

file and verify the saved fields by selecting the *.DBF fields. From now onward, it is

possible to map the information with thematic values. QGIS does not yet allow the

tables to be joined directly or the coordination wtih an Excel spreadsheet or an

Access database. Therefore, you must prepare before the tables.

You just receved complementary information regarding the wells in an Excel

spreadsheet: Wells_complements_info.xls

-Map with a thematic analysis on the depth of the wells.

1.2.1 Prepare the attribute table in Excel

Replace the OK or No fields with the logical fields and add this information to the

coordinates of the wells.

1.2.1.1 Replace OK with True and No

with False

1.2.1.2 Link the information with a

Vlookup by using the function Vlookup

1.2.1.3 Create the columns with which

the information that you would like to

join (the join will be done on a unique

identifier for which the interest is to

work with the Pcodes).



1.2.1.4 Copy the information into a new sheet in the same workbook (be sure to

create a worksheet in advance).

1.2.1.5 Update the function =VLOOKUP(B2:B18,Sheet1!$A$1:$D$27,2,FALSE)

1.2.1.5 Copy the table and use Paste Special to paste (in order to conserve the

values) on a new sheet. Overwrite the *.DBF again.

In the case of geometric modifications, it is preferable to edit fisrt the geometry from

QGIS and then to update the columns. It is now possible to directly link the

information with Ftools. (See Excercise 4).

1.2.2 Cartographic Thematics

1.2.2.1 Absolute value/classes

Mapping absolute values (the depth of

wells), making another classification of

wells (e.g., 10 metres, 10-15 metres

and +15 metres of depth).

Right click on the layer in Layer

Properties. Chose the type of legend

from Graducated Symbol. Choose the

field within which you will do the

thematic analysis wells_deph and the

mode Equal Interval. Chose 4 classes.

These classes can be modified manually

(currently QGIS does not offer any other

methods of classification). After

selection, assign the class, the type of

symbol and the characteristics.



With classes of colours:

Rename te layer as Depth of Wells. Personalize the legend.

1.2.2.3 Thematic analysis on individual values.

Represent each of wells with a different symbol to

represent the different partners/donors.

Go to the layers properties and choose Unique

Value. Conduct a thematic analysis in the Donor

field and assign a different symbol for each donor.



1.3 Add the information into an existing table.

It is possible to add the points of interest or POI (in this case, new wells). Create the

following new wells:

Name of Well Village Donor AKK1 Zemma UNHCR AKK2 Zanabad USAID

AKK3 Shekyu USAID

AKK4 Sangav DFID

Re-assign the corresponding columns from the attribute table with this information

and update the map.

1.3.1 Editing layers

Editing the information beginning with the data capture interface Make the

preliminary layer editable right clicking on Allow Edit.

To find locations or to digitize the wells, use the topographical maps or other

documents. Once the saved point is given the attribute information in the table, two

solutions are available: access to the table via the Management Table or via

Info Tool.



Tipps: It will be difficult to assign symbols stemming from the thematic analysis since

the symbol is not memorized and the information from USAID is not yet saved in the

QGIS database. You may either redo the thematic analysis or, more simply and

quickly without losing the existing semiology, add into the project code under the

reference layer at the level of thematic analysis.



Save and re-open

the project.

By synopsis, quickly obtain attribute information.

Select the layer within which you want to search information. Use the tool

information. Click on the desired elements. A window without the possibility of

modification gives information from the attribute table.

USAID hard:triangle 14 SolidLine 1



1.4 Search/Select from the Attribute Tables

1.4.1 Search

Search for the wells under the responsibility of the Qarabah Bureau.

Simply use the Search Tool to find Qarabagh and chose the column where the

search will be conducted.

1.4.2 Select with SQL

Select all the wells coded by Kxx. How many are there?

You want to know which villages have the most critical situations concerning the

quantity of water versus the number of inhabitants.

Select the wells with less than 10 metres of actual water and more than 400 probable

inhabitants.

Write the request EXPECTED_P > '400' AND CURRENT_WAT < '10' and use the help

of the management of requests. Chose the fields within which you will make the

information requests and the values that you wish to search.

How many are there? Which ones?

Click on Open Attribute Table and use the Search Manager. Use the pop-up menu

Select and Bring to the Top, to choose and advance.



It is possible to manipulate the data from the attribute tables by obtaining data from

the icon and classifying upwards , ordering the values in the table, by removing

certain fields and reversing the selection .



All the selections in the attribute tables are visible on the map in yellow (default

colour, not necessarily visible for the isolated /). It is possible to modify the selection colours in Properties.

1.5 Raster Management

Managing raster layers. The raster layers can be the primary sources of information

with the collection via formulas. Particularly useful for digitization. Study the

properties of the layers similarities in comparison to vector layers. What are the

differences?

You already have georeferenced layers (already in

the system of projections that are representative of

the information in the right place/location). QGIS

re-projects the projection systems contained in the

projection file EPSG. Open another layer

i_42_43_3.jpg, observe the file with the same name

and extention *.jpw.

What is the purpose of this file?

From the icon Add a Raster Layer and

associate this layer to the two other rasters.

Create a group of layers of the same type (in this

case, the foundations are based on topographical

maps) and slide the layers under the group. It is possible to rename it. The purpose

is to be able to group the layers it to attach a single thematic with just one click.

1.6 Navigation

0.00004869605576492640 0.00000000000000000000 0.00000000000000000000 -0.00004496101172739947 68.99936060520845200000 34.99997984887400500000



Use the classic navigation tools to navigate: Pan , zoom , zoom to

extent layer .

Bookmark is a practical tool that allows you to easily access the map extension.

QGIS can memorize a number of bookmarks within a workspace.

Create a favourite using this icon in the centre of

the wells on the topographic maps.

Chose the whole view of Afghanistan and, using

favourites, click

on Show

Bookmarks and

choose the

memorized

area.

1.7 Consulting WMS Layers.

1.7.1 Memorized Connections.

Insert the layers (images) from the WMS server.

Certain sources of coordinates are public and can be interesting if the Web connection

is sufficient.

- Click on the icon Add a WMS Layer.

Choose the server in the pop-up menu.

- Click on Connection.

QGIS connects to the server and examines its own catalogue. This returns the

following information to QGIS:

The format list offered by the server; and

The list of layers proposed by the server with information relative to each layer:

Name

Summary

Specific information

The list of projectins supported by the server



You must specify the group of parameters to be able to load one of the proposed

layers on the WMS server. By default, we recommend to work in Longitude/Latitude

WGS84.



With regard to image encoding:

Each format has its advantages and conveniences.

JPEG: Does not manage the transparency of the image served. It is well adapted for

natural images (e.g., satellite imagery, aerial photographs). It compresses the

images well and sends small sized images.

PNG: Facilitates the compression. The format *.png is adapted particularly for

sending images within which there are geometric objects (e.g., vector coordinates).

Choice of projection: Opportunity to chose the best adapted projection.

The server can reproject, on the fly, the information layers that you are proposing.

WGS84: Useful if you have the layers expressed in decimal degrees.

1.7.2 New Connection

You have loaded a new WMS layer on an address that is already memorized.

There are other servers that can be useful for this work. For example:

WMS: http://wms.globexplorer.com/gexservlets/wms?SERVICENAME=wms_world

Fill in the Proxy if necessary.

Examples of the base coordination attribute structures that can be used are

DWD, Watsan template (as attached in the CD).



Datasets available in the map database among others: District coordinates, road coordinates, GPS waypoints, map of Uganda.

Open Project Uganda which contains four layers: Administrative units, boundaries,

roads and displacement sites.

2. Thematic: Roads and Rehabilitation

2.1 Integrate the coordinates coming from a GPS into an existing layer.

Digitization: From the topographic maps.

Import GPS coordinates: Tracks

2.1. Convert a layer *.TAB en *.SHP in order to make it editable.

Network of existing roads in the format *.Tab to be modified into a shapefile (*.shp) in

order to edit it. Convert using OGR2OGR from the Fwtools. QGIS reas multiple native

formats but for editing it should be a shapefile.

Objectives: - Work with linears. - Convert shapefile with OGR2OGR. - Load coordinates with a GPS. - Create new layers. - Georeference a raster image. - Set the map for printing.



ogr2ogr -f "Esri Shapefile" UGA_OGR_converted.shp UGA_Other_Roads.TAB

- Look at the metacoordinates from the Roads in Uganda layer. Just as in the case of

files native to MapInfo, it is possible to edit it. Neither attribute coordinates, nor

geometry. QGIS does not modify shapefiles. You must convert them using *.Tab to

*.Shp by using OGR2OGR via Ftools.

Write this syntax.

ogr2ogr -f "Esri Shapefile" UGA_OGR_converted.shp UGA_Other_Roads.TAB

The tool allows the conversion of numerous formats. To know the formats that can be

converted type: ogr2ogr formats

- Open the layer called Downloaded GPS Tracks or go directly through the shapefile or

the management of GPS coordinates plugins.

Once the layer has been transformed into a shapefile, load it into QGIS.

Right click on the layer in the legend and check Allow Editing.

You will be able to modify the geometry of the

road layer by adding segments of roads

coming from the GPS or by modifying the

vertexes of the existing coordinates. Once

selected, the toolbar becomes active.



2.2 Downloaded data from a GPS.

CartONG prefers working with a GPS utility that allows you to save points of interest

(POI) directly into shapefile format. It is possible to download the points directly using

the plugins GPS and then GPS tools.

Once the type of objects have been chosen to download, choose between the points,

roads and tracks. There are three types of information with icons representing the

type of object.

It is possible to download the coordinates directly from the GPS. In this case it is

important to be sure to have all of the peripheries (the GPS, the power cable and the

USB cable) and to have configured the GPS exchange protocol (Garmin to Garmin).

Naming Rule: Bar_code_ofthe_GPS_/object_type/date like dd/mm/yy ex

415526_Track_050307 415526_Points_050307



Difficulties with the points: The POI are often mixed (e.g., centre of the refugee camp,

schools, wells, bridges). You will have to sort and filter the information. GPS Utility

proves useful for this and allows it to be done directly in the GIS software. QGIS is not

very well adapted for this. /

2.3 Editing the Geometry Attach the segments with a different colour.

-Copy and Paste the ends of the segments into the Uganda Roads shapefile.

-Have a clean geometry without line superposition or duplication of edited nodes. You

can edit the vertexes using the following tools: Delete Vertex and Move

Vertices.

- Give as much attribute data to the object.

- Use a thematic analysis to evaluate the types of roads.

- Use a thematic analysis to evaluate the sources of the digitization.



Digitze from a topographic map or satellite imagery. Once the layer is editable,

edit the line segments and save the layer. It is possible to draw the roads in

the roads layer. In the Afghanistan exercise, the maps were already georeferenced.

This time, we will register the image in functions of the coordinates.

2.4 Register a Raster Image

Use the Georeferencing plug-in. The principle is as follows:

Chose the image file found on the UN cartographic section of the website (PDF

converted into a jpg) UN_Uganda.jpg and georeference it.

Know the projection system and assign it to the known reference points and visibles in

pixels on the coordinate point of the map. There must be at least 4 points in order to

correctly register an image.



Remark: Edit the file points jpg.points

From the image, redraw the road Kotido and Moroto.

How can you qualify this information?

2.5 Insert the coordinates in text format with the plug-in Delimited Text.

Insert the coordinates in CSV format, text, stemming from Geonames http://download.geonames.org/export/dump/ in order to get a list of villages. Go onto the Geonames site and dump the information. You will find a multifaceted database.



From the plug-in Delimited Text, insert and add a delimited text layer and add

information into the longitude and latitude fields.

Select and create a layer with towns/villages (type PPL or PPLA)

Priority Roads for Rehabilitation

The first road to be rehabilitated will be the

road sections between the points of Gulu-

Paicho-Achar-Cwero (use the sections for

help), because a large par to the population

living in the displacement camps are

originally from this region. The second road

scheduled for rehabilitation will be Gulu-

Nimule. The first road to be rehabilitated

will be drawn in red and the second in

orange.



-Add one or two columns in *.DBF (e.g., Roads to Rehabilitate and Distance) and

edit the field or just create another layer from the existing layer (preferably for easy

management).

2.6 Creating a new layer

Create a new layer: Click on the N key or Layer >>> New Vector Layer.

Define the type of object (e.g., line) and define the fields.

In order:

ID: This will be the same as the road ID to allow future connections.

Name: Name between the two road segments.

Distance: Measure with the measuring tool.

Rehabilitation order: 1, 2, 3, etc.

Date: 03/09/07

Measure the distance to rehabilitate with the measuring tool , insert the

coordinates into the table and represent it with a thick yellow segment.

What is the approximate distance? What are the difficulties?

Render the Roads for Rehabilitation layer editable.

Copy the segments to rehabilitate from the roads layer. Select them with the Select

Feature tool and paste them anew in the Roads to Rehabilitate layer.



.

The first selected segment is copied with the information coming from the

UGA_other_roads_polyline layer. The attribute table must be updated from the new

attribute table with the attribute coordinates. The first segment is a little too long.

Remove the vertexes that are in Pader District by using Delete Vertex.

Use the Delete Vertex or Move

Vertex functions. Do a thematic

analysis (individual values) of the field

updating the digitization priorities.

Load all the layers for Health Centres

KLPGA_Health_Units_USAID.tab.

Mark the Health Centres that require

rehabilitation (the ones that are non-

functioning0 and draw the roads (free

hand, for those that should be open)

that go to the Health Centres.



2.7 Page Setting

Be aware that the page setting function is weak.

Click on the Printer Composer icon and a page setting will be retained for you.

Add the framework (e.g., maps, logos, legend).

1. Chose the size parameters (A4, A3; Landscape or Portrait formats).

2. Add the first elements of the map Add New Map.

3. Add your logo using the Add Image icon. The logo image should be in

.png format.

4. Add your Legend Block.

5. Add your Scale Bar.

6. Add the map title and disclaimers. (The problem is that it can only use QGIS).

You have to go into the code in order to modify the labels. /

7. Add a North arrow image to demarcate the directions. Use the same image

from the primary map located at:

C:\ProgramFiles\QuantumGIS\share\qgis\images\north_arrows\deafult.png)

8. You will have to fiddle with the location map to make an asthetically pleasing

final version by copying the screen, trimming and inserting images, etc.

9. Try to export using Format Image or as a PDF map. (PROBLEM: Exporting

and printing as a *.PDF). Be prepared for problems with font and the size of

thematic analyses. CHOSE A MINIMUM OF 600 DPI for the exports. You can

modify this under Preferences.

10. It is possible to re-edit using a map drawing software.



One good initiative for finding road segments can be found at:

http://www.openstreetmap.org/

To read the OSM initiative into a shapefile. http://downloads.cloudmade.com/

Otherwise, connecting to or taking a Shapefile from the UNSDI-T to generate if the

cluster is activated and deployed by a cartographic technician by the

UNJLC/Logcluster: http://www.unjlc.org/mapcenter/unsdi/



Databases available in the Mapdatabase: Among others ; Administrative Units of Sudan, country, location of displacement camps, entre autres; units administratives du Soudan, Pays, localisation des camps de dplacs and related assets.

This project is made up of 4 layers: The country layer, the administrative units

layer Level 3 for the District of Darfur, and the Internally Displaced Persons

camps. Additionally, there are a few details on the refugee camps in Tchad.

3. THEMATIC POPULATION MOVEMENTS

Zoom in on Ferchana Camp and memorize it in Favourites.

Show the density of the Return Population in Level 3 administrative units. Plan and

quantify for Return to the nearby districts of origin.

Create a layer that includes some of ACFs offices.

This layer goes into the file called Data World. Locate the offices in Afghanistan,

Burundi, Cte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Haiti, Kenya, Liberia, Niger, Democratic Republic

of the Congo, Central African Republic, Sri Lanka, Somalia and Sudan.

Create a new layer that will have an attribute table with the appropriate fields: Name,

Type, Long_Dx, Lat_Dy, Coordinates, Coverage, Opening_date, Closing_date,

Comments.

Objectives: - Work on the Population Movement thematic. - Understand how to create the proper symbols. - Work with the relative values for an exact representation. - Convert the coordinates and work with different projections. - Work with graticules. - Search by yourself for the same geographic base information on the web. - Increasingly complex map production.



The type is particularly important because it represents your classification of office

types (e.g., national base, advanced base, rear base, field office, etc). The type can

be identified easily by a size symbol and varying colour. (Thematic analysis on

individual value). This layer could be updated twice a year and shared in the field or

redistributed to Web features protocols. 3.1 Assign a Unique Symbol for ACF. Symbol Production: Open a *.png file and save it in *.svg.

Place it under C:\Program Files\Quantum GIS\svg\logo (create the index first), are re-

open QGIS.

Re-open and map with the layer symbols and labels of ACF.

Add the coordinates for the principal towns/cities.

Look for the coordinates of the locations. You can find it at the following URLs: http://www.tageo.com/index.htm http://www.geonames.org/ http://seamless.usgs.gov/website/Seamless/ According to certain sites and following the GPS configuration or the PAD if you do not

have the cable to download the points. Do not forget that some coordinates are in

Degrees Minutes Seconds (DMS) and others are in Decimal Degress (DD). It is up to

you to find the conversion methods in order to make them usable in GIS.

- Create a layer and represent it with drawings of the zones containing elements of

insecurity.

Ration distribution programmes related to protection, seed distribution to

benefit the displaced population (distribution targeting diet): South and West

Darfur.

Dietary support programmes for vulnerable rural residents (dietary security):

Programme de soutien alimentaire des populations rurales rsidentes South and

West Darfur

Agricultural production revival programmes (seed distribution to benefit the

residential population): South and West


CartONG Btiment A, Bureau 116 Parc dactivits de Cte Rousse CartONG, GIS and Mapping services for humanitarian organisations 180 rue du Genevois 73000 Chambry [email protected] www.cartONG.org Dietary aid programmes (dietary distribution) for displaced and vulnerable

populations affected by the conflict: Muhajeria, Labado, Shaeria and Motorwed

zones.

Each zone also has an approximate budget attribute table for each operation. It is up

to you to estimate the budget. Create a budget map.

- Create an analysis representing the budget amounts invested in the programmes.

3.2 Map the Different Projections

Focus on food insecurity and the visible population movement towards Tchad that is

related to armed conflict.

You have the refugee camp coordinates in UTM format CHD_SDN_Displaced_UTM34N.

What are the UTM coordinates for the Idrimi, Ouloum, and Am Nabak refugee camps?

Map this layer in your workspace. What happens?

The tick boxes under projection properties must be checked in order for the map to be

projected on the fly.

What are the advantages of working locally with UTM projections?



- Depict the populations of the camps located in Tchad.

- Mark the refugees displaced in Darfur.

- Draw the areas where different ethnic groups are located using the coordinates for

the different ethnic groups.

- Using the estimated population return, draw with choropleth, the estimated IDP

population that intends to return by the Level 3 administrative units.

-Calculate and depict the IDP return density (with regard to the area). Where will the

majority of the displaced return? What other coordinates can we add in order to plan

for future programmes? Draw the estimated population fluctuations (freehand). How

can they be represented? Use the pre-existing Shapefile Tools arrows to develop the

file.

Play with the layer transparency to render a asthetically pleasing final product.

http://www.mapability.com/index1.html

http://www.maproom.psu.edu/dcw/

https://zulu.ssc.nasa.gov/mrsid/

http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/namefiles.htm

https://gist.itos.uga.edu/

http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu/data/

http://geodata.grid.unep.ch/

http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home

http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/metadata.show?id=12691&currTab=simple



3.3 Working with Graticules

Load the Graticule builder from Plugins >>> ;Graticules >>> Graticules Creator.

Chose the extent Rectangle of the (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax) grid and then choose

the spacing units for the grid (in degrees). Create the Shapefile in the right location

for your geographic coordinates. Use an evocative name. Choose the Line or Polygon

option to create the grids.

Change the projection system by looking at the grid distortion.

Trick: QGIS does not give information in the attribute table for the grid information.

ne renseigne pas dans la table attributaire les informations sur les grilles. Thus, you

can create your grid with your own units (A1, B2, etc) or use the longitude and latitude

coordinates (30,12). Put them in the attribute table at label the grid.

The grid system is very useful for temporary cartographic structures.



4. FOOD SECURITY THEMATIC

4.1 Linking information from a survey like SPHINX

In the questionnaire designed for food security assessment you have to insert some fields

for further mapping.

Write the questionnaire >>> Insert a question.

Principle: Having a link from the survey to the spatial reference and your shapefile.

Add the fields with the specific types of field that you need.

You mainly need fields for the GPS, and also for Pcodes or administartive units codes.

The survey will allow you to know what effects the crisis provoked on the zone, and on the

population.

4.1.1 Organising the Survey

4.1.1.1 Pcode or Coding System

The Pcode is one possible way to map information from surveys.

The Pcode is used for joining the information within the GIS software.

Where can the Pcode be obtained?

OCHA is generating a PCode for the Operation. Use the Pcode from the country. The

UNJLC/Logcluster is maintening a Gazateer with locations.

The Pcode can be applicable to location, administrative units, etc.

Objectives: - Editing the SPHINX forms for plotting individual results. - Mapping indicators like the population at risk, the type of risk, etc. - Selection of villages for the survey (sampling, sampling with subset). - Creating a grid. - Mapping information at an aggregated level.



4.1.1.2 GPS Coordinates

Add 2 fields in order to plot GPS coordinates: One for Longitude and one for Latitude.

The coordinates should be in Decimal Degrees or UTM in order to be mapped. It is

possible to record the coordinates using DD*MM*SS, but that will require one more

conversion. (See configuration of the GPS). For a direct record, the coordinates should be

in Decimal Degrees, otherwise you have to work with a PD and embarked GPS.

4.2 Export the Thematic Fields

4.2.1 Export into a Spreadsheet (XLS, CSV)

4.2.1.1 Export the Data File >>> Save/Export data



4.2.1.2 Then Select Export Data

4.2.1.3 Export Data stage 1/2 - Title of Column, Keep the Variable, File Format



4.2.1.4 Export Data Stage 2/2 - Select All Observations

Open the file with Excel and then save it into a *.DBF file.

4.3. Mapping the Data

Open the project: Afghanistan_Food_security_projects_A4LC.qgs

4.3.1 Install the Ftools Plug-in

Download http://www.ftools.ca/fTools.html and install the Ftools plug-in. Extract and Install the plug-in into:

The plugin offers a lot of spatial analysis tools and also some tools for information

management. Note: The plug-in is not activated through the plug-in manager. A toolbar

for this is now to the right of the Help.



4.3.2 Adding Attributes to an Existing Table (Join Function)

You will use the join function in order to link the information to a spatial reference.

4.3.2.1 Select the target layer.

4.3.2.2 Select the field where you will

do the join.

4.3.2.3 Select the *.DBF file from

where you exported the survey.

4.3.2.4 Select the join field (it should

be with the same type as the one where

you are doing the join. It should be an

interger.

4.3.2.5 Create an output Shapefile.

Name it:

Join_Settlements_2_survey.shp

The Shapefile will have the spatial

references and the fields from the

survey.



Create a thematic map with linked fields like locations where breastfeeding practices were

observed.

4.4 Site Selection with Random Sampling

You realize that the survey is concentrated in one specific area and probably not

representative of the actual situation. You are interested in having a greater

estimation and a better coverage. For that you will only select some random villages

where you will organize the surveying. The GIS tools are there to help you create the

survey.

It is important that your sample is representative of the population that you are

surveying, that is, the same structure of your population is reflected in your sample.

(It might be tricky).

The ideal solution is to calculate the appropriate sample size based on the sampling

design.

Select the locations that are within the Badachan:

- Select Badachan Province.

- Select the settlements that are within Badachan (several ways to select them).

- Once you have selected the settlements, do a random sampling.



With the Ftools Menu

4.4.1 Choose Sampling tools >>> Random Selection

4.4.2 Select either the number of features, or preferably, a percentage of features.

The settlements are randomly selected (select a minimum of 10% to have a

representative sample). The selection is highlighted.



4.4.3 Export the selection into a new Shapefile that will be called

Badachan_10%_settlements.

4.5 Creation of a Grid for a Better Sampling Methodology

If you do not have a population as sampling frame, one option is to go down to the

district/provincial level if you have good boundary data. Within those frames, you can

for example, put numerous identically-sized grids on it, and among each grid, you can

select an equal number of villages.



Ftoools >>> Vector Grid

4.5.1 Select the area within which you want to create the grid, or select the extent.

Select just before the Province of Badachan.

4.5.2 Select the parameters 0.5 (+ -50km)

4.5.3 Assign an output shapefile. Grid_badachan_0_5.shp



4.6 Count the Number of Villages within Each Grid Cell

Ftools >>> Points in Polygon

4.6.1 Select the input polygon layer: The Grid Grid_badachan_0_5.shp

4.6.2 Select the input point layer: The settlements

4.6.3 Select the output file. Call it: Badachan_number_villages_per cells



Each cell is populated with the sum of number of points falling within the cells.

4.7 Sample with a Subset

In order to redo a better sample (to select 5 sites per cell), you have to do sample

with a subset. First, on the settlement site, you have to assign the grid cells to the

Settlements layer. Again, use the Ftools plug-in and join the attributes by location.



4.7.1 Target layer: Select the number of villages per cell.

4.7.2 Join layer (the layer to join is the settlements).

4.7.3 Define the attribute >>> take attributes of the first located feature.

4.7.4 Select the output shapefile: settlements_with_grid_cells.shp

4.8 Selection with Random Subsets

The software will do a subselection in each cell.

4.8.1 Select the input layer vector: Settlements_with_grid_cells.



4.8.2 Select: Input_subset_field : ID . It is the grid ID.

4.8.3 Select the random selection. This time select by features. You will do the

survey in 5 villages out of each grid.

The result of the random selection by subset.



4.8.4 Save the selection as a shapefile.

Name it badachan_5_settlements_per_grid.shp

4. 9 Mapping Indicators or Aggregated Information

As you are working with a specific coding system, it is easy to aggregate information

at a higher level, like districts, or it is possible to map the indictors from the synthesis

generated from SPHINX.

4. 10 Buffer: How to Design an Area of Influence

4.10.1 Open the layer of the Nutrition Center.

4.10.2 From Ftools >>> Geoprocessing tools >>> Buffer

4.10.3 Create a buffer of 5km around each Nutrition Center. Assign the radius

in degrees (0.05 degres) +-5 km.

Name the new shapefile

Buffer_centre_nutritionel+-5Km

Do not select the dissolve buffer

option, otherwise, all the buffers

will be merged. It is possible to

generate a buffer from a field. For

instance, a larger nutrition center

might have more influence than a

local feeding center.



4.11 Count the Villages that are within the Buffer

Use the analysis tool from Ftools and calculate the number of settlements that are

within the buffer.

Ftools >>> Anlaysis tools >>> Points in Polygons

If you have population figures, you can even sum-up the population.

Use the statistic function to know the average number of villages covered per buffer.

Ftools >>> Basic Statistics



4.12. Determining a Best Location (the center of gravity of the settlements)

Select the settlements that are outside the buffer and in between the areas of

influence of the buffer. Assign the the mean location (the optimal location) for a new

nutrition center.

4.12.1 Select the settlements. Save the selection as a shapefile.

Name it: Settlements_not_within_buffer.shp

4.12.2 Defining the mean coordinates.

4.12.2.1 Analisys tools >>> Main Coordinates.



4.12.2.2 When defining the input layer, and the output layers, leave the optional fields

blank. Save as a shapefile: Centre_nutritionel_Mean_Grid_ID.shp

4.13. Inserting a Map into SPHINX

In SPHINX, processing and Analysis >>> Graphical Reports.

It is possible to put a thematic map within the final report. For that it is mandatory to

have a graphical report.



4.13.1 Insert >>> GIS Map.

It is similar to working with a predefined data set like in the USA or on a World Map.

4.13.2 Apparently it is not working with customized map done with a Shapefile.

Follow this procedure :

4.13.3 Select the data (once again). It is important to have a unique code to link the

data.



5. FINAL EXERCISE

Theoretical Exercise: Answer 50 Questions

Practical exercise. You will re-enforce the capacity of an emergency mission

in Malawi through a capital city office in Mzuzu. Work in a group with all the

software that you have learned. You must produce one/some maps

representing the situations in Malawi.

Synthesization of the activities in Malawi can be found at the following link:

http://www.accioncontraelhambre.org/alai.php?p=241

Create and edit the intervention layers with an adapted semiology that includes ACFs

offices as well as the relevant neighbouring offices.

Chose the fond libre or satellite imagery or relief images from the SRTM located at:

http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/SELECTION/inputCoord.asp. The demarcation of

administrative units, towns and villages is encouraged. Explore the datasets for

Malawi and constitute a QGIS project.

1. Mark different livelihood zones.

2. Mark the zones with different degrees of food insecurity per district.



3. Mark ACFs projects in Malawi. (e.g., Name, Type, Starting Date, Number of

Personnel).

4. Mark the Cholera epidemic that took place in Mzuzu and propose a prevention

zone. (Open the KML file).

5. Reduce the size of the markers and draw the concentration of 5 mortality cases

that occured northest of the affected zone.

6. Insert and georeference the high resolution image taken from Google Earth that

is centred on 34 001'18.50"E 1126'7.19"S (attached KML).

7. Propose zones with different degrees of security, locate the points where water

has been disinfected and create attribute tables. Include the number of

beneficiaries that can be treated along with the daily consumption of chlorine

with the quantity of filtered water.

8. Mark the best locations for hygiene promotion centres. Create areas of

probability that the hygiene information kiosks will likely influence. of probably

influence for aux meilleurs endroits les centres hygine promotion, crer des

aires dinfluences probables de ces kiosk dinformation hygine

9. Chose the intervention zones using different parameters (Other NGOs and

beneficiaries).

The documents should be submitted in electronic format as an image with an explicit

notice that describes the cartographic documents.