PV Standards ActivitiesSEIA Codes and Standards WorkshopScott JezwinskiBusiness Development ManagerSep 12, 2016
Codes and Standards - Relationship
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Step 1: First Draft (Public Input Stage)
Step 2:Second Draft (Public Comment Stage
Step 3:NFPA Technical Meeting
Step 4:Council Appeals and Issuance of Standard
Step 1: Proposal and STP formation
Step 2:STP Comment and Review
Step 3:Balloting and Public Comment
Step 4:STP Consensus and Issuance of Standard
Model Code Development Process
UL Standards Development Process
Reference Standards
Building Codes: IBC, IRCNFPA 70: National Electrical Code (NEC)
(3 year cycle)
UL 1703UL 2703UL 1741
(industry demand driven)
*STP - Standards Technical Panel
Due Process
Collaboration
Appeals
Balance of Interests
Consensus
Key Elements of Standards Processes
Stakeholder Interests:• Producer• Testing and Standards
Organizations• Supply Chain• AHJ• Government• Consumer• General Interest• Commercial / Industrial
Users• International Delegate
UL PV Standards Timeline
North American Leader 1986 – UL1703 PV Modules and Panels 1999 – UL1741 Inverters and Converters 1999 – SU 1279 Solar Collectors
2005 – UL 4703 PV Wire 2007 – SU 2579 Low Voltage Fuse Holders 2007 – SU 5703 Name Plate Rating 2008 – SU 8703 Concentrator PV Modules 2010 – UL 2703 Mounting Systems 2010 – SU 4248‐18 Fuse Holders 2010 – UL 489B Circuit Breakers 2010 – UL 6703/A Connectors 2010 – SU 98B Dead‐Front Switches
2011 – SU 1699B Arc Fault Protection 2011 – UL 3703 Solar Trackers 2011 – UL 3730 Junction Boxes 2011 – SU 508i Disconnect Switches 2011 – SU 9703 Wiring Harnesses 2012 – UL 61215 Crystalline Module Type Approval 2012 – UL 61646 Thin‐film Module Type Approval 2012 – UL 62108 Concentrator Module Type Approval 2014 – UL 62109‐1 Power Converters
2000 > 2010 > 2020
International Collaborator
IEC 61215 Module Type Qualification ‐ Series IEC 61724 System performance monitoring IEC 61730‐1/2 Module safety IEC 61853‐1/2 Module performance IEC 62078 Guidelines quality system IEC 62093 BOS design Qualification IEC 62109‐1/2/3/4 Safety of Power Converters IEC 62446 System commissioning and Inspection IEC 62509 Battery charge controller performance IEC 62548 PV array design requirements IEC 62738 PV plant guidelines IEC 62804 System voltage durability for modules IEC 62938 Snow load testing IEC 62947 Energy performance
UL PV Standards System Reference
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PV Modules• UL 1703• UL/IEC 61215• UL/IEC 61646• UL/IEC 62108• IEC 61730• UL-SU 8703
BIPV• UL 1703 / UL 790
Connector• UL 6703
Fuse• UL-SU 2579
Fuse Holder• UL-SU 4248-18• ANSI-UL4248-1
Combiner Box
Charge Controller
Inverter
BatteriesAC Loads
Grid Tied or Stand Alone
Many of the components or functions can be built into one product, such as the inverter.
PV Modules w/ Junction Box Rack Mounting & Clamping Devices• UL 2703
Solar Trackers• UL 3703
Fire Test• UL 1703(roof mounted modules)
Polymeric Materials• UL 1703• UL 94• UL-SU5703• UL 746A/B/C
Roof or Ground mounted
Cable for PV• UL 4703• UL 9703• UL854 (USE-2)Combiner Box• UL 1741
Charge Controller• UL 1741
Inverter• UL 1741• UL/IEC 62109 (PV+ only)• IEEE 1547
Storage• UL 1989• UL 2054• UL 9540• UL 1973
Disconnects• UL-SU 98B• UL-SU 508i
Circuit Breakers• UL 489B
Arc Fault Protection• UL 1699B
IEEE 1547 - Grid Interconnection Standard
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UL 1741Interconnection Equipment•Construction•Testing normal and abnormal•Protection against risks of injury to persons and connected equipment.•Ratings, Markings and Instructions•Specific DR Tests for specific technologies•Production line testing•Certifications address NEC and electric utility interconnection needs.
IEEE 1547Interconnection System Requirements•Voltage Regulation•Grounding•Disconnects•Monitoring•Islanding
IEEE 1547.1Interconnection System Testing Temperature Stability Response to Abnormal
Voltage Response to Abnormal
Frequency Synchronization Protection from EMI Surge Withstand Paralleling Device DC Injection Unintentional Islanding Reverse Power Open Phase Reconnect after
disturbance Harmonics
UL 1741 references IEEE 1547 - Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems and works in conjunction with grid tied products that operate in parallel with or back-feed power to the utility grid.
UL1741SA for Grid Support Utility Interactive Inverters
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Mandatory• Anti-Islanding• L/HVRT• L/HFRT• Must Trip Test• Normal Ramp Rate• Soft-Start Ramp Rate• Specified Power Factor • Volt/Var Mode
UL1741 Supplement Grid Support Utility Interactive created to “bridge the gap” until the IEEE 1547 and IEEE 1547.1 Grid Support revisions are completed.
Published Sep 7, 2016 !
http://www.energy.ca.gov/electricity_analysis/rule21/
UL1741 – Rapid Shutdown
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The 2017 NEC code panel meeting revised a 690.12 proposal to include new requirements for rapid shutdown protection internal to a PV array and includes the following options:
• Option 1: List and label or field-label PV array as a rapid-shutdown PV array.
• Option 2: Limit control conductors within the array boundary to 80 V or less within 30 seconds of rapid-shutdown initiation.
• Option 3: Install nonmetallic PV array with no exposed wiring and array more than 8 feet from any grounded metal parts
Implementation of Option 1 requires development of a safety standard for evaluation and certification of rapid-shutdown products for use in PV arrays. To allow time for this standard’s development process, CMP 4 added a delayed adoption date, specifying that 690.12(B)(2) “shall become effective January 1, 2019.”
UL 1703 – PV Module Safety
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UL Standard for Safety for Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules and Panels, UL 1703
Standards Technical Panel Topics (for standard revisions)• Mechanical loads and groupings – Currently every rack has to be
evaluated with all modules it is intended to be used with. Objective is to define groups similar to fire types.
• Frames used as grounding conductors – Currently module frames not evaluated for conducting fault currents ( only continuity, bonding resistance ). Examining a daisy chain grounding scenario that enables an electrical safety concern.
• Move fire testing requirements to UL 2703 – moving system tests only, module tests for typing stay in 1703.
• IEC 61730 Ed 2 Harmonization – IHC considerations for adoption.• Proposed 1500v revision - may require addition of new ( balloted
with comments)• Revision to HF10 - additional clarification (balloted with comment)
UL 2703 – Racking Systems Safety
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UL Standard for Safety for Mounting Systems, Mounting Devices, Clamping/Retention Devices, and Ground Lugs for Use with Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules and Panels, UL 2703
Standards Technical Panel Topics (for standard revisions• Bonding and grounding – Includes the 1703 frame grounding issue,
plus want to “type” bonding and grounding attributes for the module frame.
• Mechanical loading – same as with 1703 ( groupings and types)• Manuals and markings – address AHJ requirement for evidence the
system being installed complies with all requirements of 2703.• Corrosion resistance – expanding beyond current galvanic table to
account for new allows and developing a test for interfaces not covered in the table.
• 1500v limits – for clarification, no additional testing required unless polymers used ( ie. a terminal box for attaching electronics).
International Standards Development
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Step 1-2: Preliminary & Proposal Stage
Step 3:Preparation Stage
Step 4-5:Committee & Enquiry Stage
Step 6:Approval Stage
Step 7: Publication Stage
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standards Development Process
IEC 61730IEC 61215
(50+ PV related)
• Each member country has a National Committee Member
• One country - one vote• US National Committee serves as
conduit for US positions
IEC 61730 Edition 2 – PV Module Safety
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IEC 61730 - Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification is the international standards for Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification, first published in Oct 2004.
IEC 61730- Part 1: Requirements for construction• Construction requirements to assess the prevention of electrical shock,
fire hazards, and personal injury due to mechanical and environmental stresses.
IEC 61730- Part 2: Requirements for testing• Outlines the requirements of testing and the testing sequence intended to
verify the safety of PV modules whose construction has been assessed by IEC 61730-1.
• Test sequence coordinate with those of IEC 61215 series so that a single set of samples may be used to perform both the safety and performance evaluation of a photovoltaic module design.
IEC 61730 has many similar construction and test requirements to ANSI/UL 1703, first published in August of 1986
IEC 61730 Edition 2 - Notable Changes
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Some of the changes in IEC 61730 edition 2:• Numerous key definitions ( many are insulation related)• Structural changes to separate construction and component
requirements into part 1 and testing into part 2.• Implementation of higher system voltage requirements (1500v)• Updates related to technology and material advances such as cemented
joints• Requirements aligned with IEC horizontal standards
• IEC 61140 introduces the concept of equipment Classes, involving constructional arrangements for the equipment in combination with the method of installation
• IEC 60664 series defines and uses the concept of insulation coordination, introduced in power system to arrange electrical insulation levels
• Test sequences are similar/same as those from IEC 61215 series with safety focus primarily on protection against electric shock as well as fire hazard.
IEC 61215 series – PV Module Performance
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Only differentiated between c-Si and TF modules.
Technology specific distinction is made within the thin-film category knowing that each TF technology has its own and unique properties.
IEC 61215-1 Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval – Part 1: Test requirements, Part 2: Test procedures
Previous New
Figure from COMBINED STANDARD FOR PV MODULE DESIGN QUALIFICATION AND TYPE APPROVAL:NEW IEC 61215 – SERIES – Bengt Jaeckel, et al
IEC 61215 series - Notable Changes
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Some of the changes for IEC 61215 series:• Unique test identifiers, Module Quality Tests (MQTs) vs Module Safety
Test (MST)• Unique sequence identifiers, Sequences A, B…• NOCT replaced by NMOT (MQT 5), reduces variance in reported
nameplate values• Hotspot test (MQT 9) is technology dependent each technology can
display different sensitivity to hot-spot heating• UV test (MQT 10), modules now operate at Pmpp conditions during test• New J-Box Tests, MQT 14.1 and 14.2 were created• Stabilization (MQT 19): Preconditioning (c-Si) and Lightsoaking (TF)
redefined as Stabilization (Modules are operated at Pmpp conditions to make it consistent with MQT 10)
IEC 61215 series - Availability
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Published in March 2016:• IEC 61215-1 Part 1: Test requirements• IEC 61215-1-1 Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of
crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules• IEC 61215-2 Part 2: Test procedures(Note: US adoption will occur by the end of 2017)
Under development:• IEC 61215-1-2 Part 1-2: Special requirements for testing of thin-film
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) • IEC 61215-1-3 Part 1-3: Special requirements for testing of thin-film
amorphous silicon • IEC 61215-1-4 Part 1-4: Special requirements for testing of thin-film
CIS and CIGS (CuIn,Ga)(S,Se)2
Harmonization – What does it mean?
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ISO definition:
“Standards on the same subject approved by different standardizing bodies that establish interchangeability of products, processes and services, or mutual understanding of test results or information provided according to these standards.”
Standards Harmonization Process
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Step 1: Proposal and STP formation
Step 2:STP Comment and Review
Step 3:Balloting and Public Comment
Step 4:STP Consensus and Issuance of Standard
UL 61730-1UL 61730-2
*STP - Standards Technical Panel
International Harmonization
Committee (IHC)
Considerations:• Codes• Component requirements• Normative references• Technical issues• Permissions• Other
IBC & IRC
NEC
IEC 61215
IEC 61730UL Standards Harmonization Process
UL1703 / IEC 61730 Harmonization
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Background:• In 2005, the first draft harmonization document was presented to the STP for
adoption, determined that the current versions of the IEC 61730 Standards were not yet ready for U.S.
• Worked with IEC Technical Committee, Working Group (TC 82, WG2) to draft new editions of both IEC 61730-1 and IEC 61730-2.
• Decision was repeated in 2007, 2010, and again in 2012 at which time the STP formed a formal International Harmonization Committee (IHC).
• IHC voted to continue waiting until the second editions of IEC 61730 are published.• In preparation, the STP voted to adopt the current versions of IEC 61215 and IEC
61646 as they were at the time.• The U.S. National Committee contributed sound technical comments on the latest
draft of the IEC 61730 second-edition proposals• The U.S. National Committee lead the development of the second edition of IEC
61730-1 in conjunction with an active international writing team to ensure that the construction requirements mesh well with the test requirements.
• IEC 61730 published Aug 1, 2016• International Harmonization Committee (IHC) meeting regularly• Expected publication in 1Q2017
UL1703 / IEC 61730 - Part 1 Differences
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IEC 61730‐1, Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification – Part 1: Requirements for constructionSpecific topics to assess the prevention of electrical shock, fire hazards, and personal injury due to mechanical and environmental stresses.
Similar to UL1703
Defines the basic requirements for various application classes of PV modules but cannot be considered to encompass all national or regional building codes.
Significant difference from UL 1703
This standard is not applicable to modules with integrated AC inverters (AC modules).
Similar to UL 1703
Defines the basic safety construction requirements and additional tests that are a function of the module end‐use applications.
Similar to UL 1703, however, adds defined use parameters
Component requirements are intended to provide evidence of performance of that component appropriate to its application in the module construction and environment.
Similar to UL 1703, but with different component standard references andrequirements
UL1703 / IEC 61730 - Part 2 Differences
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IEC 61730‐2, Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification – Part 2: Requirements for testingTest sequence can coordinate with those of IEC 61215 series, so that a single set of samples may be used to perform both the safety and performance evaluation of a photovoltaic module design.
Difference from UL 1703
Provides the testing sequence intended to verify the safety of PV modules whose construction has been assessed by IEC 61730‐1.
Significant differencefrom UL 1703
The test sequence and pass criteria are designed to detect the potential breakdown of internal and external components of PV modules that would result in fire, electric shock and personal injury
Similar to UL 1703
Defines the basic safety test requirements and additional tests that are a function of the module end‐use applications
Significant difference from UL 1703
Test categories include general inspection for electrical shock hazard, fire hazard, mechanical stress, and environmental stress.
Difference from UL 1703
IEC System Management Structure & Committees
IEC Renewable Energy System
Conformity Assessment(certification)
Standards Development
IECRE System Hierarchy
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Equipment • Design Qualification• Type Testing• Manufacture quality
Projects • Installation• Commissioning• Operations
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Recent PV Scheme Publications
CBTLNCB
WE – Wind EnergyME – Marine EnergyPV - Photovoltaics
IECRE 04 Rules of Procedure for the Certification of Photovoltaic Systems according to the IECRE-PV Schemes REMC
OD-401 Conditional PV project certificate PV-OMC
OD-402 Annual PV plant performance certificate PV-OMC
OD-406 PV-OMC IECRE Certification Body (RECB) and IECRE Inspection Body (REIB) Application form PV-OMC
Figure from George Kelly NREL PV Reliability Workshop 26 Feb 2015,
IECRE System - Aspects for PV Plants
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Conformity assessment will be performed and certificate issued for an individual PV power plant on a specific site. The Certificates are aligned to important and well known lifecycle milestones.
Figure from PV-OMC/016/DFA 2015-07-10
IEC to US National Standards Candidates
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• IEC 61730-1/-2: Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification. *
• IEC 62093: Balance-of-system components for photovoltaic systems - Design qualification natural environments *
• IEC 62738: Design guidelines and recommendations for photovoltaic power plants
• IEC 62446: Grid connected photovoltaic systems - Minimum requirements for system documentation, commissioning tests and inspection *
• IEC 61215 -1./-1.1/-2 : Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval *
• IEC 62548: Photovoltaic (PV) arrays - Design requirements
• IEC 62891: Indoor testing, characterization and evaluation of the efficiency of photovoltaic grid-connected inverters
• IEC 62509: Battery charge controllers for photovoltaic systems - Performance and functioning
• IEC 61724: Photovoltaic system performance monitoring - Guidelines for measurement, data exchange and analysis
* Activity forming STP, requesting copyright, submitting PINS