1 Presented in an International Seminar on Conference on Education, Science and Technology
(ICEST) "Enhancing Education, Science, and Technology for Sustainable Development,
Universitas Negeri Makassar, 11-12 March 2017
Article Research Results Presented in an International Seminar on Conference on Education,
Science and Technology (ICEST) "Enhancing Education, Science, and Technology for
Sustainable Development, Universitas Negeri Makassar, 11-12 March 2017
PUBLIC OPEN SPACE AS
SPORTS RECREATION SPORTS
(Survey of Interest and Motivation of the Community to Perform Recreational Sports
Through the Car Free Day Program at Losari Beach in Makassar City in 2016)
By :
WAHYUDIN, SAHARULLAH & ANDI ATSSAM MAPPANYUKKI
Abstract
This study aims to see an overview of how the interest and motivation of the community to
do recreational sports through the Car Free Day program at Losari Beach in Makassar City.
The location of this study is around Losari Beach, Makassar City.
In this study, the people of Makassar City were exercising recreation through Car Free
Day at Losari Beach in Makassar City in 2016. Samples in the study amounted to 60 people who
were taken randomly without agreement with the researchers. The sampling technique in this
study is Random Sampling, which is a sampling technique where all individuals in the
population, either individually or in groups, are given the same opportunity to be selected as
sample members or commonly referred to as random or random sampling, ie without choosing.
What is meant here are people who take part in car free days between the ages of 15 - 35 years.
The research approach method used by researchers is a quantitative research approach. The
step taken by the researcher is to score each item from the questionnaire distributed to each
respondent. Then all scores are summed and analyzed with statistical data. To analyze the data
in this study using percentage statistical analysis.
The results showed that: 1. Interest in the Community in Recreation Sports through the
Car Free Day Program at Losari Beach in Makassar City Based on data obtained from 60
research respondents, after being processed statistically showed the following results: The
minimum score obtained was 48 and the maximum score is 98 from the calculated range.
Subsequent calculations, giving an average value () of 83.57, median (Me) of 85 and Mode (Mo)
of 83 and 84, standard deviation of 7.71 and variance of 59.80. 2. Motivation of the Community
to Perform Recreational Sports Through the Car Free Day Program at Losari Beach, Makassar
City Based on data obtained from 60 research respondents, after being processed statistically
showed the following results: The minimum score obtained was 52 and the maximum score was
100 from calculated range. Subsequent calculations provide an average value () of 82.02,
median (Me) of 83 and Mode (Mo) of 84, standard deviation of 9.29 and variance of 86.46.
2 Presented in an International Seminar on Conference on Education, Science and Technology
(ICEST) "Enhancing Education, Science, and Technology for Sustainable Development,
Universitas Negeri Makassar, 11-12 March 2017
The benefits that can be drawn from the results of this study are: 1. In order to increase
the interest and motivation of the people in Makassar City towards recreational sports, the city
government of Makassar should make more arrangements and order in the CFD location. 2. As
information for the people of Makassar City who are expected to be able to utilize this activity as
best as possible to exercise and other activities because of the lack of land that can be used to
play and exercise safely, comfortably and regularly. 3. For DISHUB and the Police, it is hoped
that it can be useful as a guide in securing and providing good services to people who exercise at
Losari Beach during Car Free Day so that people feel safe, calm, and comfortable in doing
activities, especially exercising on Losari Beach. during Car Free Day.
PRELIMINARY
Sports is a part of human life all the time. Throughout the period, the meaning begins
when the human being exists and will not end when the human being is always there. The
function, position, and nature of the sport itself will not change will change is the movement of
human beings as part of human life but the purpose of sport may change according to the
development of the times and the development of human life.
Sports that we see now or that we practice together are not just an event to get medals,
not an arena for muscle fighting, and also not solely to achieve achievements but deeper than
that, namely as a means to improve and develop human resources better still, a better quality of
life, such as improving physical, mental, social and emotional health (Cholik Toho Mutohir, et
al., 2011: 2)
In accordance with the functions and objectives of sports, we recognize various forms of
sports activities, such as (1) educational sports for the purpose of educating, (2) recreational
sports aimed at recreation, (3) sports health for the purpose of health development, (4)
rehabilitation sports aimed at rehabilitation, (5) competitive sports for the purpose of achieving
the highest achievement.
Community activities in terms of doing recreational sports are still very lacking. In
addition to the awareness of the importance of sports that come from within yourself, other
factors that hinder the public from doing recreational sports are about the facilities and
infrastructure available to support these activities. Speaking of sports facilities and infrastructure
in Indonesia to support the existence of recreational sports by the community, it can be said in all
cities in Indonesia that the facilities and infrastructure have the same problem, namely the lack of
places and facilities to carry out these activities is no exception in Makassar City.
Based on the results of research conducted by Wahyudin (2015: 97) the number of sports
fields in Makassar City is insufficient. Although in each sub-district has a sports field that can be
used by the general public to do sports both in the morning and in the afternoon and evening,
3 Presented in an International Seminar on Conference on Education, Science and Technology
(ICEST) "Enhancing Education, Science, and Technology for Sustainable Development,
Universitas Negeri Makassar, 11-12 March 2017
there are city parks, and other vacant land. But there are still community members who do sports
activities not in place. Run morning on the highway or play football in the shopping center of the
shopping mall.
Seeing from the limitations and lack of facilities and infrastructure in Makassar City, car
free day (CFD) activities were carried out. This is a form of the government's role in overcoming
the lack of places and facilities to carry out recreational sports activities by issuing car free day
policies.
The CFD program was first carried out in the Netherlands and Belgium in order to reduce
the energy crisis on November 25, 1956 to January 20, 1957. On April 19, 2001 the Earth Car
Free Day (ECFD) program was first held simultaneously in all corners of the world. More than
300,000 organizations and cities around the world participated in activities organized by The
Commons WC / FD program and Earth Day Network.
The United Nations (UN) has stated that this CFD program is a world project in order to
reduce air pollution. This is contained in the UN proposal regarding The United Nations Car Free
Days Program. Car free day is one of the policies in which motorized vehicles are prohibited
from crossing a main road in a city that is holding car free days at certain hours in accordance
with the policies of each City organizer to provide a common space for people to carry out sports
activities in accordance with sports principles that is easy, cheap, safe, fun and healthy.
To support the policy regarding car free day activities in each City organizer as well as to
avoid negative responses arising from the public who are disturbed by the existence of road
closures that are used to conduct car free day activities, this activity is strengthened by the
respective Regional Regulations - each region through LH Decree No. 15/1996 according to the
Blue Sky program.
In Indonesia alone, the CFD program was first known as the Motor Vehicle Free Day
(HBKB) program. On that day all vehicles that contain or produce odors from exhausts such as
cars, motorbikes and other emission vehicles are prohibited from crossing the designated road.
The implementation of a car free day in the city of Makassar itself is carried out every
Sunday from 6.00 to 10.00 on Losari Beach, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, and Jalan Baulevard. The
implementation of car free day in Makassar City is inseparable from various background
problems, one of the problems is as an alternative to provide public space for the public to be
used as a place for sports activities.
In addition to addressing the problem of public space, another problem that lies behind is
in accordance with the appeal of the president of the Republic of Indonesia who calls for energy
saving movements so that car free day activities carried out by the Makassar City government
4 Presented in an International Seminar on Conference on Education, Science and Technology
(ICEST) "Enhancing Education, Science, and Technology for Sustainable Development,
Universitas Negeri Makassar, 11-12 March 2017
are one of the first steps to anticipate the depletion of resource reserves (SDA ) Non-renewable
ones exist in Indonesia for years to come.
Another problem that supports the holding of car free days in the city of Makassar is
regarding congestion, so it is expected that the implementation of car free days in Makassar will
contribute to reducing the volume of vehicles that will pass through the city of Makassar. In
addition, it will reduce gas emissions that cause pollution in the ceiling of Makassar City, so that
air quality will be better and oxygen levels are feasible and safe for people to breathe.
Many implementations of car free day activities have been carried out in the city of
Makassar, starting from the physical aspects related to regulations regarding public vehicles
passing the car free day route. The location of the path used to carry out the car free day can be
said to be the main route in the city of Makassar. So that public transportation prior to the
holding of car free day activities passes through the Losari Beach Road, General Sudirman, and
the Baulevard diverts their routes so as not to interfere with ongoing car free day activities.
The social impact with the existence of car free day activities is to become a gathering
place for all forms of visitors from various social levels. So that it will have a positive impact on
the brotherhood between the people who attend the car free day activities. It can be said that the
implementation of car free days in Makassar City has been able to represent the wishes of every
visitor who comes. That is, evidenced by various activities presented in car free day activities
such as sports, education, entertainment, and others.
Therefore, the researcher chose the title "Interest Survey and Motivation of the
Community to Perform Recreational Sports Through the Car Free Day Program at Losari Beach
in Makassar City in 2016".
Formulation of the problem
So that the main problems that will be studied in this study are: 1. How is the
community's interest in recreational sports through the Car Free Day program at Losari Beach in
Makassar City ? 2. How is the motivation of the community to do recreational sports through the
Car Free Day program at Losari Beach, Makassar City.
Literature review
A. Interest
Interest is a sense of preference and a sense of attachment to a thing or activity, without
anyone telling. Interest is basically the acceptance of a relationship between yourself and an
outside self. The stronger or nearer the relationship, then naturally the interest will be even
5 Presented in an International Seminar on Conference on Education, Science and Technology
(ICEST) "Enhancing Education, Science, and Technology for Sustainable Development,
Universitas Negeri Makassar, 11-12 March 2017
greater (Slameto, 2010: 180) An interest can be expressed through a statement that shows that
someone prefers something rather than another, can also be manifested through participation in
an activity. A person who has an interest in a particular subject tends to pay greater attention to
the subject.
Interest is not taken from birth, but obtained later. Interest in something is learned and
influences further learning and influences the acceptance of new interests. So interest in
something is the result of learning and supporting further learning. Although interest in
something is not essential to learning about it, the general assumption states that interest will
make someone learn it.
Interest is a tendency, excitement or a high desire for something, interest in influencing
concentration so that it encourages to do or pay attention to something seriously (Shah, 2000:
71). Interest can also be interpreted as a person's awareness that an object, a person, a thing or a
situation has something to do with him. This means that interest is one of the characteristics
realized by someone that everything that is done or done has something to do with him. Without
an interest someone will be reluctant to take action, he will not be interested in any activity, even
though he wants to do an activity but he does not feel pleasure let alone satisfaction. Interest in
dealing with mobility forces one to confront or deal with people, things, activities, experiences
that are felt by the activity itself.
B. Motivation
Motivation comes from the word motive which can be interpreted as an effort that
encourages someone to do something. Motives can be said to be the driving force from within
and within a person to carry out certain activities in order to achieve a goal.
Sardiman (2010: 73) motivation is a change in energy in a person that is characterized by
the emergence of feeling and preceded by a response to the existence of a goal. From the
understanding expressed by the MC. Donald contains three important elements, namely: (1) that
motivation initiates changes in energy in each individual human being. (2) motivation is
characterized by the appearance of a feeling or "feeling", one's affection in this case the
motivation is relevant to psychological, affective and emotional issues that determine human
behavior. (3) motivation will be stimulated because of a goal. So motivation in this case is
actually a response to an action, that is, a goal.
Meanwhile, motivation is a change in energy from one's personality which is
characterized by the emergence of affective and reactions to achieve goals. This formula has
elements that motivation begins with changes in energy in the person, motivation starts from the
onset of feelings (affective) and motivation is characterized by reactions to achieve goals.
Motivation has two components, namely the internal components and external components, the
inner components consist of self-requirements and drives, while the components outside the
6 Presented in an International Seminar on Conference on Education, Science and Technology
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goals to be achieved. Motivation functions as a driver, director, and at the same time as a driver
of one's behavior to achieve goals (Oemar Hamalik, 2007: 106)
According to Djamarah S.B. (2008: 149-152) that in discussing various kinds of
motivation, it will only be discussed from two points of view, namely the motivation that comes
from within a person's self called "intrinsic motivation" and motivation that comes from outside
of a person called "motivation extrinsic
C. Society
Society in English is used by the term society which comes from the Latin word socius,
meaning "friend". The term community itself comes from the Arabic syaraka root meaning "to
participate, participate" (Koentjaraningrat, 2009: 116).
Society is the unity of human life that interacts according to a particular system of
customs that is continuous, and which is bound by a sense of shared identity (Koentjaraningrat,
2009: 118). Understanding society according to Soerjono Soekanto, (2006: 22) quoted from
Soemardjan are people who live together who produce culture and they have the same region,
identity, have habits, traditions, attitudes, and feelings of unity tied by similarities.
Raplh Linton, as quoted by Mutakin, et al. (2004: 25) limits society as every group of
people who live and cooperate for a long time, so that they can organize themselves and realize
that they are a social entity with clear boundaries.
Some opinions of experts regarding the understanding of society, then the researchers
concluded the community as a group of people who live together in a place, interact and
cooperate so as to produce a culture, customs, traditions with limited ties and certain rules.
D. Physical Fitness Activities
Shiel's activities, et al., (2010: 5) are normal things a person does for a day, including
self-care (eating, bathing, dressing, dressing), working, working at home, and doing activities in
his spare time. From this opinion it can be concluded that activity is an activity carried out by a
person everyday by involving his limbs to carry out these activities.
Fitness according to Irianto, (2004: 2) is physical fitness (physical fitness), namely the
ability of a person to do daily work efficiently without excessive fatigue arising so that they can
still enjoy their free time. Giriwijoyo and Sidik, (2012: 21) suggests physical fitness as a state of
physical ability that can adjust the functions of body equipment to certain physical tasks and / or
to environmental conditions that must be overcome in an efficient way, without excessive fatigue
and complete recovery before the same task came the next day.
7 Presented in an International Seminar on Conference on Education, Science and Technology
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Physical fitness is the ability to carry out daily activities with full vitality and alertness
without experiencing significant fatigue and still enough energy to move in leisure time and face
emergency matters (Mutohir, et al., 2011: 11). A person who is fit means he is not easily tired
and tired. He can do daily work optimally, not lazy or even stop prematurely (Mutohir and
Maksum, 2007: 51).
E. Recreational Sports
Along with the success of development, people are increasingly aware of their rights such
as getting a job, political rights, economic rights, and including the right to exercise. It's just that
the right to exercise seems not to be a right that must be fought for as well as other rights. At
least we can see when a number of fields have been converted into business premises. In various
regions, these conditions have been and are occurring as if connecting continuously.
Unfortunately, no one appeared to sue, no community cared, for example by protesting. Even
though children, teenagers, and society in general have felt the difficulty of finding a place to
play and exercise.
The right to play and exercise is universal and has been stated explicitly by the United
Nations in its declaration. "The United and its member states affirm their commitment to the
right to play in the 1989 UN Declaration on the rights of the child" (Olympic Aid & WHO,
2002) : 4). In Law No. 3 of 2005 concerning the National Sports System Article 9 also states that
every citizen has the same rights to: 1) Obtain sports activities; 2) obtain services in sports
activities; 3) choose or follow a type or branch of sport that is appropriate to its branch and
interests; 4) obtain guidance, guidance, support, guidance and development in sports; 5) become
a sportsman; 6) developing the sports industry.
The whole principle must be "spirit" in every sport-related policy. For example, regional
leaders who build an area must take into account the need for open space that every citizen in the
region may use and use for the sake of exercising. Doubt arises when we see an area where
residential areas are very crowded, the field has been planted with multi-storey buildings, and as
if there is no more space that can be used by the community to exercise. (Toto Cholik Mutohir,
2007: 27)
Recreation is a term that is more popular than leisure. The traditional view explains that
recreation is a free time activity either done individually or as a group not related to anyone in
order to achieve satisfaction. As for the contemporary (current) view of recreation, it is an
activity of free time that is carried out individually or in groups without coercion involving
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physical, psychological, emotional, and social elements that contain the nature of restoring the
conditions caused by routine activities
Research methods
The research approach used by researchers is qualitative and quantitative research
approaches. According to Margono (2010: 36) qualitative research is a research procedure that
produces descriptive data in the form of written or oral words from people and observable
behavior. Meanwhile, according to Moleong (2010: 19) qualitative research is a display in the
form of verbal or written words that are observed by the researcher, and objects that are observed
until the details can be captured by the implicit meaning in the document or object. Qualitative
research is a research method based on the philosophy of postpositivism, used to examine the
state of a natural object, where researchers are a key instrument, data collection techniques are
carried out by triangulation, data analysis is inductive or qualitative, and the results of qualitative
research emphasize the meaning of generalization (Sugiyono, 2010: 9).
Quantitative descriptive research is research using survey methods, and gathering
information or data using a questionnaire. As for what is meant by descriptive here is a
description of how the interest and motivation of the community doing recreational sports
through the Car Free Day program at Losari Beach in Makassar City.
Results and Discussion
Makassar City is also commonly called Daeng City or Anging Mamiri City. Daeng can
also be interpreted as "brother". There are three classifications of "Daeng" namely, title names,
honors calls, and general calls. While Anging Mamiri means "the wind blows" is one of the
original songs of the Makassar region which was very popular in the 1960s. This song is very
well liked by the former President of the Republic of Indonesia, Ir. Soekarno when visiting
Makassar on January 5, 1962.
Geographically, Makassar City is in the coordinate between 119º 18 '27.79 "- 119º 32'
31.03" East Longitude and between 5º 3 '30.81 "- 5º 14' 6.49" South Latitude, or in the west the
power of Sulawesi Island with altitude from sea level ranges from 0-25 m. because it is located
on the equator and is located on the coast of the Makassar Strait, the air temperature ranges from
20º C - 36º C, rainfall between 2,000 - 3,000 mm, and the average number of rainy days is 108
days per year. The climate in the city of Makassar only recognizes two seasons as in the rest of
Indonesia, namely the rainy and dry seasons. The rainy season lasts from October to April which
is influenced by western monsoon or in Makassar language called bara ', and the dry season lasts
from May to September which is influenced by the east monsoon or in the Makassar language
called timoro'. In the dry season, the South Sulawesi region in general often emits dry, cold
winds blowing from the east.
9 Presented in an International Seminar on Conference on Education, Science and Technology
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Data processing from a collection of respondents' answers to the statements contained in
the questionnaire given regarding surveys of interest and motivation of people doing recreational
sports through the car free day program at Losari Beach in Makassar City in 2016 the data is
quantitative. Quantitative data is data in the form of numbers and numbers. Furthermore,
quantitative data in the form of figures calculated from surveys of interest and motivation of the
people doing recreational sports through the car free day program at Losari Beach in Makassar
City are calculated using statistical data with a percentage descriptive formula (DP).
The results of data analysis are presented by adding up and comparing the amount
expected and obtained by the percentage. The percentage results are then interpreted with
qualitative sentences. This is intended to make it easier to understand the final results in
qualifying the results of the research.
1. Interest in the Community of Recreational Sports through the Car Free Day Program at Losari
Beach in Makassar City
Based on data obtained from 60 study respondents, after being processed statistically
showed the following results: The minimum score obtained was 48 and the maximum score was
98 from the calculated range. Subsequent calculations, giving an average value () of 83.57,
median (Me) of 85 and Mode (Mo) of 83 and 84, standard deviation of 7.71 and variance of
59.80. For more details can be seen in the following table:
Table 2.
Description of Data on Community Interest in Recreational Sports
Through the Car Free Day Program on Losari Beach
Mean 83.5667
Median 85.0000
Mode 83.00 dan 84.00
Std. Deviation 7.71388
Variance 59.504
Minimum 48.00
Maximum 98.00
10 Presented in an International Seminar on Conference on Education, Science and Technology
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Gambar 1.
Histogram Minat Masyarakat Melakukan Olahraga Rekreasi
Melalui Program Car Free Day di Pantai Losari
Public interest in recreational sports through Car Free Day at Losari Beach in Makassar
City is quite high because recreational sports are fun and easy to do by everyone with family and
friends. The attention of the community to Car Free Day for moving activities every Sunday
morning is included in the criteria quite high, as evidenced by the acquisition of 61.67%
percentage has a high interest in Car Free Day.
11 Presented in an International Seminar on Conference on Education, Science and Technology
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2. Motivation of the Community to Perform Recreational Sports Through the Car Free Day
Program at Losari Beach, Makassar City
Based on data obtained from 60 research respondents, after being processed statistically showed
the following results: The minimum score obtained was 52 and the maximum score was 100
from the calculated range. Subsequent calculations provide an average value () of 82.02, median
(Me) of 83 and Mode (Mo) of 84, standard deviation of 9.29 and variance of 86.46. For more
details can be seen in the following table:
Table 3.
Description of Data Motivating the Community to Do Recreational Sports
Through the Car Free Day Program on Losari Beach
Mean 82.0167
Median 83.0000
Mode 84.00
Std. Deviation 9.29824
Variance 86.457
Minimum 52.00
Maximum 100.00
While the picture of data in the form of a histogram can be seen in the following table.
12 Presented in an International Seminar on Conference on Education, Science and Technology
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Figure 2.
Histogram Motivates People to Do Recreational Sports
Through the Car Free Day Program on Losari Beach
Community motivation for recreational sports through Car Free Day at Losari Beach in
Makassar City has a percentage of 56.67% above the average price, so it can be concluded that
community interest and motivation towards recreational sports through Car Free Day at Losari
Beach in Makassar City is sufficient high.
The availability of open space for sports is the most important part for the
establishment of a conducive atmosphere for people with sports culture. The intended sports
culture is in the full scope of the sport, which includes sports achievements, sports education, and
community sports or recreational sports. Public facilities, public space, or open space is even an
action prerequisite for the collective behavior of the community to develop the sporting culture.
In the context of community sports / fitness / recreation, open space leads to a more varied
concept of public space. Public sports / fitness / recreation open space can be in the form of
gymnasiums, futsal courts, squares, village squares, as well as various forms of family recreation
facilities which are now widely developed in several cities in the country. The provision of open
space recreation sports often arises from the creative power of the community in overcoming the
13 Presented in an International Seminar on Conference on Education, Science and Technology
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problem of limited land. People sometimes have to be creative to transform parking lots to play
tennis or just exercise together.
Communities also have to be creative in arranging schedules when they have to utilize
open spaces used for sports achievements. In short, recreational sports are carried out by the
community because of a free time. Spend time and spare the open space.
The location of the car free day in Makassar City is located along Jalan Penghibur
(Losari Beach). This location is about 1100 m (1.1km) stretching from North to South.
Panoramanya is very beautiful so it is suitable for various relaxation activities. Some people take
advantage of this situation by doing sports activities such as physical fitness, walking, cycling or
just jogging.
Public interest in recreational sports through Car Free Day at Losari Beach in Makassar
City is quite high because recreational sports are fun and easy to do by everyone with family and
friends. Public interest in recreational sports through Car Free Day at Losari Beach in Makassar
City is quite high because recreational sports are fun and easy to do by everyone with family and
friends. The attention of the community to Car Free Day for moving activities every Sunday
morning is included in the criteria quite high, as evidenced by the acquisition of 61.67%
percentage has a high interest in Car Free Day. Whereas the community motivation for
recreational sports through Car Free Day at Losari Beach in Makassar City has a percentage of
56.67% above the average price, so it can be concluded that people's interest and motivation
towards recreational sports through Car Free Day at Losari Beach Makassar City high enough.
The car free day activities held in the city of Makassar are very useful and useful. to be
a meaningful contribution that can then be considered in relation to the interest and motivation of
the community to do recreational sports through the car free day program at Losari Beach in
Makassar City, as follows: the motivation of the people in Makassar City towards recreational
sports has increased even more so the city government of Makassar should make more
arrangements and order in the CFD location. 2. Seeing the high interest and motivation of
Makassar City people towards recreational sports through the Car Free Day at Losari Beach, the
need for the Tourism Office to provide the best service improvement so that people remain
interested in coming to Losari Beach to take part in Car Free Day while recreation recreation. 3.
Recreational sports at Losari Beach are increasingly in demand by visitors, it is expected that the
Youth and Sports Service can help in providing containers and arranging in recreational sports
development, especially in car free days. 4. DISHUB and the Police are expected to be able to
secure and provide good services to the people who exercise at Losari Beach during Car Free
Day so that people feel safe, calm, and comfortable in doing activities, especially exercising on
Losari Beach when Car Free Day. 5. For the people of Makassar City, they are expected to be
able to take advantage of this activity as best as possible to exercise and other activities because
of the lack of land that can be used to play and exercise safely, comfortably and regularly
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