• Objective: Students will learn how to name acids, identify the properties of acids and bases, and calculate pH, pOH, [H+] and [OH-].
• Warm-Up: KWL for Acids and Bases
• Objective: Students will learn how to name acids, identify the properties of acids and bases, and calculate pH, pOH, [H+] and [OH-].
• Warm-Up:
• How many grams of KOH are needed to make 250. mL of a 0.25 M solution?
Properties of Acids and Bases
• Acids
• Sour taste
• pH<7
• Vinegar, lemon juice, orange juice,
• Releases H+ ion in water
• Turns litmus paper red
• HCl, HNO3, H2SO4
• electrolyte
• Bases
• Bitter taste
• pH > 7
• Baking soda, bleach,
soap
• Releases OH- ion in water
• Turns litmus paper blue
• NH4OH, NaOH, KOH
• electrolyte
Naming Acids
• How do you know it is an acid?
• The compound starts with an “H”.
• With a partner, complete the packet.
Rules for Naming Acids
• Rule #1-If the acid has only two elements, then it starts with HYDRO- and end in –IC Acid
• Rule #2-If the acid has 3 elements and the anion ends in –ATE, the acid ends in –IC ACID, if the anion ends in –ITE, the acid ends in –OUS ACID
In other words…
• I –ATE something –ICky and got a disease called –ITE –OUS.
Objective/Warm-Up
• SWBAT name acids, calculate pH and pOH.
Label as acid or base.• pH = 3• Feels slippery• Releases OH- ions• Tastes sour• Releases H+ ions• pH = 12
Naming AcidsAcid Ion Name Stem Acid Name
H3N Nitride Nitr Hydronitric acid
HNO2 Nitrite Nitr Nitrous acid
HNO3 Nitrate Nitr Nitric acid
Binary Acids• HCl
• HYDRO chlor IC ACID
• HI
• HYDRO iod IC ACID
• H2S
• HYDRO sulfur IC ACID
Ternary Acids-End in ATE
• HNO3
• NitrIC ACID
• H3PO4
• PhosphorIC ACID
• H2SO4
• sulfurIC ACID
Ternary Acids-End in ITE
• HNO2
• nitrOUS ACID
• H3PO3
• phosphorOUS ACID
• H2SO3
• sulfurOUS ACID
Bases• KOH• Potassium hydroxide• Ca(OH)2
• Calcium hydroxide• NH4OH• Ammonium hydroxide• Na2SO4
• Sodium sulfate
What does pH mean?
• pH = -log [H+]
• Brackets indicate Molarity
[H+] pH
10-1
0.1 M
1
10-2
0.01 M
2
10-3
0.001 M
3
What does pH mean?
• It is a way to measure the hydrogen ion concentration.
• Water breaks apart to hydrogen and hydroxide ions:
• H2O H+ + OH-
• pH + pOH = 14
pH and pOH
[H+] pH [OH-] pOH Acid or Base
10-5
pH and pOHpH and pOH
[H+] pH [OH-] pOH Acid or Base
10-5 5 10-9 9 acid
6
pH and pOHpH and pOH
[H+] pH [OH-] pOH Acid or Base
10-5 5 10-9 9 acid
10-8 8 10-6 6 base
100
pH and pOHpH and pOH
[H+] pH [OH-] pOH Acid or Base
10-5 5 10-9 9 acid
10-8 8 10-6 6 base
100 0 10-14 14 acid
neutral
pH and pOHpH and pOH
[H+] pH [OH-] pOH Acid or Base
10-5 5 10-9 9 acid
10-8 8 10-6 6 base
100 0 10-14 14 acid
10-7 7 10-7 7 neutral
Acid-Base Reactions
• Like double displacement reactions.
Label the Acid, Base, Conjugates
• HCN + H2O H3O+ + CN-
• Acid + base CA + CB
• NaHCO3 + HBr NaBr + H2CO3
• Base + Acid CB + CA
• H2O + NH3 NH4+ + OH-
• Acid + Base CA + CB
What is the Conjugate Base?
• HNO3
• NO3-
• H2PO3-
• HPO3-2
• NH3
• NH2-
Is it an Acid or a Base?• pH = 3
• Feels slippery
• Releases OH- ions
• Tastes sour
• Releases H+ ions
• pH = 12
• pH = 7
• electrolyte
• Acid
• Base
• Base
• Acid
• Acid
• Base
• Neutral
• both