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PROTEIN – CALORIE MALNUTRITION
Kwashiorkor
&Marasmus
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KWASHIORK OR MARASMUS
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Kwashiorkor
a nutritional disorderdue to insufficientconsumption of protein but withsufficient calorieintake.
is an acute form of childhood protein-
energy malnutrition characterized byedema, irritability,anorexia, ulceratingdermatoses, and anenlarged liver with
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Abdominal swelling
distension or bloating Diarrhea Enlarged liver Fatigue Frequent infections
Generalized swelling Hair and nail changes, including brittle, reddish hair andridged nails that are thin and soft
Irritability Muscle wasting Skin changes, including pigment loss, red or purple patches,
peeling, cracking, skin sloughing, and the development of sores Slowed growth leading to short stature Weight loss
Symptoms
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Causesdiet low in proteinPresence of infections, parasites in the GI tract
It is most common in children living in areas hitby drought and famine, but it can be relatedto dietary changes due to milk allergies ininfants, fad diets, poor nutritional education,or a chaotic home life.
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Conditions that interfere with protein absorptionsuch as cystic fibrosis
Dietary changes for management of milk allergies in infants and children
Diets that are low in protein such as a vegan dietDrought or famineInfections that interfere with protein absorptionLimited food supply, as may occur during political
unrestParasites such as intestinal wormsPoor education about proper nutritionProlonged hospitalization or residence in a nursing
home
Risk factors
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Antibiotics to treat infectionsGradual increases in dietary calories from
carbohydrates, sugars and fats
Gradual increases in dietary protein
Intravenous fluids to correct fluid andelectrolyte imbalances
Lactase to assist in digestion of dairy products
Vitamin and mineral supplements to treatdeficiencies
Treatment
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Anemia (low red blood cell count)ComaFrequent infectionsIntellectual disabilityPhysical disabilityPoor wound healingShock
Short statureSkin pigmentation changesSteatohepatitis (fatty liver)
Potential complications
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M arasm us
is a form of severeprotein-energymalnutritioncharacterized by
energy deficiency.consists of the chronic
wasting away of fat,muscle, and othertissues in the body.
one of the mostserious forms of protein-energymalnutrition (PEM) in
the world.
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Signs & SymptomsCommon:
Chronic or persistent diarrhea
Dizziness
Fatigue
Unexplained weight loss
May cause serious condition:
Fainting or change in level of consciousness orlethargy
Full or artial aral sis of the le s
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Chronic hungerContaminated water supplies
Inadequate food supplies
Other vitamin deficiencies (vitamin A, E or K)Poor, unbalanced diet lacking in grains, fruits
and vegetables, and protein
Risk factors
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Growth problems in children Joint deformity and destruction
Loss of strength
Loss of vision and blindnessOrgan failure or dysfunction
Unconsciousness and coma
Potential complications
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Eating a nutritious, well-balance diet
Discussing symptoms with your health careprovider
Drinking properly sanitized waterFollowing the recommended treatment course
for infections
Reducing your risk of Marasmus
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Marasmus
Infancy (<2 y/o)
Severe deprivation or impaired absorption of CHON, energy, vitamins and minerals
Develops slowly; chronic PEMSevere weight lossSevere muscle wasting with fat lossKwashiorkor
Older infants and young children (1-3 y/o)Inadequate CHON intake or more commonly
infections
Difference
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Growth<60% weight for age
No detectable edemaNo fatty liver
Anxiety, apathy
Appetite may be normal or impaired
Hair is sparse, thin and dry; easily pulled out
Skin is dry, thin and wrinkledGrowth 60-80% weight-for-age
Edema
Enlarged, fatty liver
A ath , miser , irritabilit , sadness
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Thank You for
listening!