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PROTEIN – CALORIE MALNUTRITION

Kwashiorkor

&Marasmus

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KWASHIORK OR MARASMUS

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Kwashiorkor

a nutritional disorderdue to insufficientconsumption of protein but withsufficient calorieintake.

is an acute form of childhood protein-

energy malnutrition characterized byedema, irritability,anorexia, ulceratingdermatoses, and anenlarged liver with

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Abdominal swelling

distension or bloating Diarrhea Enlarged liver Fatigue Frequent infections

Generalized swelling Hair and nail changes, including brittle, reddish hair andridged nails that are thin and soft

Irritability Muscle wasting Skin changes, including pigment loss, red or purple patches,

peeling, cracking, skin sloughing, and the development of sores Slowed growth leading to short stature Weight loss

 Symptoms

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Causesdiet low in proteinPresence of infections, parasites in the GI tract

It is most common in children living in areas hitby drought and famine, but it can be relatedto dietary changes due to milk allergies ininfants, fad diets, poor nutritional education,or a chaotic home life.

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Conditions that interfere with protein absorptionsuch as cystic fibrosis

Dietary changes for management of milk allergies in infants and children

Diets that are low in protein such as a vegan dietDrought or famineInfections that interfere with protein absorptionLimited food supply, as may occur during political

unrestParasites such as intestinal wormsPoor education about proper nutritionProlonged hospitalization or residence in a nursing

home

Risk factors

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Antibiotics to treat infectionsGradual increases in dietary calories from

carbohydrates, sugars and fats

Gradual increases in dietary protein

Intravenous fluids to correct fluid andelectrolyte imbalances

Lactase to assist in digestion of dairy products

Vitamin and mineral supplements to treatdeficiencies

 Treatment

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Anemia (low red blood cell count)ComaFrequent infectionsIntellectual disabilityPhysical disabilityPoor wound healingShock

Short statureSkin pigmentation changesSteatohepatitis (fatty liver)

Potential complications

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M arasm us 

is a form of severeprotein-energymalnutritioncharacterized by

energy deficiency.consists of the chronic

wasting away of fat,muscle, and othertissues in the body.

one of the mostserious forms of protein-energymalnutrition (PEM) in

the world.

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Signs & SymptomsCommon:

Chronic or persistent diarrhea

Dizziness

Fatigue

Unexplained weight loss

May cause serious condition:

Fainting or change in level of consciousness orlethargy

Full or artial aral sis of the le s

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Chronic hungerContaminated water supplies

Inadequate food supplies

Other vitamin deficiencies (vitamin A, E or K)Poor, unbalanced diet lacking in grains, fruits

and vegetables, and protein

Risk factors

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Growth problems in children Joint deformity and destruction

Loss of strength

Loss of vision and blindnessOrgan failure or dysfunction

Unconsciousness and coma

Potential complications

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Eating a nutritious, well-balance diet

Discussing symptoms with your health careprovider

Drinking properly sanitized waterFollowing the recommended treatment course

for infections

Reducing your risk of Marasmus

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Marasmus

Infancy (<2 y/o)

Severe deprivation or impaired absorption of CHON, energy, vitamins and minerals

Develops slowly; chronic PEMSevere weight lossSevere muscle wasting with fat lossKwashiorkor

Older infants and young children (1-3 y/o)Inadequate CHON intake or more commonly

infections

Difference

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Growth<60% weight for age

No detectable edemaNo fatty liver

Anxiety, apathy

Appetite may be normal or impaired

Hair is sparse, thin and dry; easily pulled out

Skin is dry, thin and wrinkledGrowth 60-80% weight-for-age

Edema

Enlarged, fatty liver

A ath , miser , irritabilit , sadness

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 Thank You for

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