© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Abu Dhabi, UAE | 12-14, October 2014
Power-GEN Middle East
Jeffrey Goldmeer, Ph.D.
E-class to F-class and beyond: an enabler for improved customer economics
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
© 2014, General Electric Company.
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All relative statements are with respect to GE technology unless otherwise noted.
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© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Outline
• Middle East power generation paradigm shift
• GE fuel flex experience
• E and F-class expanded fuel flex capabilities
• Summary
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Middle East power generation paradigm shift
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
• Middle East governments are becoming more focused on enhancing the value from their domestic fossil fuel resources
• This is creating a shift to more efficient power generation
• In the case of gas turbines, this shift is evident in the transition from E to F-class gas turbines
• Consequently, F-class turbines may be required to operate on a wider variety of fuels
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Paradigm shift
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Fu
els
P
ow
er
pla
nts
Example: Saudi Arabia power generation shift
F (and potentially HA) class combined cycle
power plants
Heavy fuel oil, crude oils
Natural gas,¹ crude oils
Crude oil, distillate
Steam boiler power plants
E-class simple cycle power
plants
F-class combined cycle
power plants
Natural gas, distillate
Past Future Present
The shift to natural gas along with a parallel effort to increase energy efficiency
has led to a shift in power generation technology
¹ Both associated and non-associated gas
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© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
GE fuel flex experience
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Proven DLN combustion systems
• 200,000 fired hours on GE’s H-class DLN2.5 combustion system
• 28 million fired hours on GE’s DLN1/1+ combustion systems on B and E-class gas turbines
• 46 million fired hours on GE’s F-class DLN2.X combustion systems, which includes the DLN2.6 and DLN2.6+ combustors
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
• Gaseous fuels: natural gas, LNG, and a wide range of process and low calorific value fuels
• Liquid fuels: distillate oil, light distillates (i.e., naphtha), and ash-bearing fuels (i.e., crude oil, heavy fuel oil and residual oil) N
um
be
r o
f g
as
turb
ine
s
Primary fuel distribution
9
Proven gas turbine fuel flexibility World-leading experience on a wide range of gas and liquid fuels
GE’s heavy-duty gas turbines have accumulated more than 10 million operating hours on liquid and non-natural gas fuels
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
• Lab capabilities:
− Full pressure, temperature, and flow
− Fuel blending capability for H2, N2, CO, CO2, H2O, and a variety of non-methane hydrocarbons
− Monitoring emissions and operability characteristics at full load & part load conditions
− Full scale combustion tests allow evaluation of new combustion concepts, and technologies being transferred from one platform to another, over a wide range of operating conditions
State of the art combustion test facility A key to developing advanced technology
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
E-Class Expanded Capabilities
Customers continue to use highly reliable E-class gas turbines to support reduced emissions and increased fuel flexibility
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Evolution of E-class emissions N
Ox (
ton
s) /
MW
-ye
ar
‘90 ‘95 ‘06 ‘00
DLN1+
DLN1
15 PPM
Water Injected
42 PPM
5 PPM
Frame DLN1 & DLN1+
6B.03 225+
7E.03 440+
9E 200+
DLN fleet experience
‘08
4 PPM
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
• New fuel flex capabilities demonstrated using GE’s full scale combustion test facility in Greenville, SC
− 10 full scale test cells
− Full flow, temperature and pressure
− Enhanced gas blending capability, including: H2, C2H6, C3H8, etc.
• Expanded DLN fuel capabilities reflect needs for operability on a wider range of non-methane hydrocarbons
Increased fuel flexibility for B and E-class gas turbines Supporting refinery, petrochemical and shale gas applications
Fuel components
Hydrogen (H2)
Ethane (C2H6)
Ethylene (C2H4)
Propane (C3H8)
Propylene (C3H6)
Butane (C4H10)
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F-Class Expanded Capabilities • Expanded higher hydrocarbon limits
• Arabian Super Light crude oil
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Expanding non-methane hydrocarbon fuel limits
DL
N1
D
LN
2
DL
N2
.6+
• Relying on learnings from E-class combustion systems through field experience and combustion testing
• Increasing the allowed levels of non-methane species in gas fuels in F-class DLN combustion systems
• Pushing the allowable Modified Wobbe Index* range from ~20% up to ~30% based on specific frame and required emissions - this increase can support a variety of fuel applications, including increased ethane content (i.e., shale gas), switching between NG and LNG sources, etc.
Ev
olu
tio
n o
f D
NL
co
mb
ust
ion
te
chn
olo
gy
* Modified Wobbe Index = Lower Heating Value/√(specific gravity of the fuel∗ fuel temperature)
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Example: Response to shale gas transients
Gas heating value
variability
1,000
1,150
~70 Btu/SCF (~7% MWI) change in ~30 min
He
ati
ng
va
lue
(Btu
/SC
F)
~90 Btu/SCF (~9% MWI) change in ~45 min
By adjusting GT operating parameters, the OpFlex*
AutoTune system maintained stable gas turbines
output
*Trademark of General Electric Company.
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
New F-class fuel flex capability Arabian Super Light (ASL) crude oil operation in a DLN combustor
Distillate oil #2
ASL crude oil
• Changing power generation fuel requirements in Saudi Arabia are shifting back-up fuels from distillate oil to crude oils
• In support of this initiative GE evaluated the potential of using ASL crude oil in a F-class DLN combustor
• The evaluation process included a number of steps: • Fuel characterization • Ignition studies • Combustor operability
Gas turbine operation on ASL
• A field test was successfully performed on a 7F.04 gas turbine in Saudi Arabia
• Commissioning of ASL was completed successfully at PP11
Based on the successful results of this evaluation process, GE offered ASL as a back-up fuel for multiple projects in Saudi Arabia. GE will have more
than 25 7F gas turbines in Saudi Arabia capable of operating on ASL.
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Summary
• GE’s combustion test facility enables evaluation of almost any fuel composition at full-scale conditions.
• This enables GE’s heavy-duty gas turbines to have industry leading fuel flex capabilities.
• Combining GE’s extensive DLN field experience with state-of-the–art combustion test capabilities allows GE gas turbines to have industry leading performance with lower emissions, and better operability over a wide range conditions