Politics in PakistanPak-Studies: Group Presentation
Group Members: M. Saad Hussain M. Seerat Nawaz Mirza Waqar Baig Tayyab Hussain Syed Daud Wasti
History - TimelineSyed Daud Wasti
After Dead of Quaid, Sep 11, 1948.
After Dead of Liaquat Ali Khan, Oct 16, 1951 and Nazimuddin became the next Prime Minister.
The dismissal of Sir Khawaja, the Prime Minister, by the Governor-General, Ghulam Muhammad, signaled a troubling trend in Pakistani political history.
Major General (Retd.) Iskandar Mirza who forced Mohammad Ali Bogra to resign in 1955.
After Ch. Muhammad Ali resign in 1956.
Hussein Shaheed Suhrawardy resigned from his Premiership in 1957
Iskander Mirza exploited the differences between the parties and thus made Ismail an easy victim as he remained Prime Minister for only two months and therefore could not give any practical shape to his program.
PPP won
PML-J won
1st General ElectionElection Date: Oct, 1970Total Seats: 300Turnout: 63%
2nd General ElectionElection Date: 7 Mar, 1977Total Seats: 200Turnout: 63%PPP won but Marshal law was Imposed.
PPP won
PML-N won
PPP won
PML-N won
4th General ElectionTotal Seats: 237Turnout: 43%5th General ElectionTotal Seats: 237Turnout: 45.5%
6th General ElectionTotal Seats: 237Turnout: 41%7th General ElectionTotal Seats: 237Turnout: 35%
After Dead of Zai ul Haq. After Farooq
Leghari's resignation in 1997
President02 Dec - ResignFarooq Leghari
PML-Q Won but still Musharaf was President
PPPP won
8th General ElectionTotal Seats: 237Turnout: 41%9th General ElectionTotal Seats: 342Turnout: 63%
ConstitutionsSaad Hussain
Constitution of 1956
British Empires divided British India into two Pakistan and India. Adopted on 29 February 1956 Enforced on 23 March 1956 Contained 234 Articles divided into thirteen parts and six an schedules. Governor General Iskander Mirza was assumed as a President of Pakistan.
Features
The Objectives Resolution, the preamble of the Constitution.
Country was declared an Islamic Republic of Pakistan
President must be Muslim of at least 40 years of age.
The Constitution of 1956 provided unicameral legislature.
National Assembly was to consist of 300 members. Minimum age of 21 was allowed to vote in the
elections. Urdu and Bengali, State Language and English,
Official Language for first 25 years
Constitution of 1962 Shahabuddin Commission, 17
Feb 1960. Promulgated by President
Ayyub on 1st March, 1962. Came into effect on 8th June,
1962. Contained 250 articles divided
into 12 parts and 5 Schedules.
Features
Pakistan was renamed as "Republic of Pakistan". The President was to be a Muslim not less than 35
years of age and could , not held more than two consecutive teams.
The National Assembly was to consist of 156 members, later increased to 218 members.
The system of indirect presidential elections was presented.
President owned the "Right of Veto". The President had the power to dissolve the National
Assembly..
Constitution of 1973 "Constitution accord" 17 Oct 1972. The National Assembly approved
the Constitution on April 10th, 1973.
Came into effect on 14th August 1973.
Contained 280 articles divided into 12 parts and 7 schedules.
Features
The Constitution named Pakistan as Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
Islam as the religion of the country. The President was to be Muslim at least 45 years
of age. The 1973 Constitution set up a bicameral
legislature. Independence of Judiciary Method of Election
Major PartiesTayyab Hussain
Pakistan People Party
Political Party of Pakistan. Founded on Nov 30, 1967 by Z.A Bhutto. Chairperson:
Bilawal Bhutto Contest elections on the slogan of
"ROTI, KAPRA AUR MAKAN". Basic Principles of PPP:
Islam is our Faith Democracy is our Politics Socialism is our Economy All Power to the People
Won Election in 1970, 1977, 1988, 1993 , 2008.
Pakistan Muslim League - N Famous Political Party of Pakistan. Founded on 1993 by Mian Muhammad Nawaz
Sharif. Chairperson:
Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif Basic Principles of PML-N
Democracy is our Politics Independent Judiciary and the Rule of Law. Improvement in Education System Industry and Trade (Economical Improvement)
Won Election in 1990, 1997 and 2013.
Pakistan Muslim League - Q
Political Party of Pakistan. Founded on 2002 by Mian Azhar Chairperson:
Ch. Shujat Hussain Basic Principles of PML-Q
Live and Let Live. Tolerance and harmony. Ensuring justice and freedom of expression. Dignity of the common citizen Protection and promotion of the rights of Women. Protection of the rights of minorities.
Won Election in 2002.
Muhajir Qaumi Movement
Founded on 1984 by Altaf Hussain. In 1997, MQM became Muthidda Qaumi Movement
instead of Muhajir Qaumi Movement. Chairperson:
Altaf Husain Basic Principles of MQM
Improvement in Education Reduce Poverty and Unemployment Agricultural reforms Healthcare system is a right of every Pakistani
regardless of his/her income level and social status.
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf Founded on 1996 by Imran Khan. PTI is one of the three major political parties
of Pakistan, along with PPP and PML-N. Motto : “Insaf, Insaniyat aur khud itmadi” Chairperson:
Imran Khan Basic Principles of PTI
Government with Merit. Resources of the country belong to the people of the
country and will be used for their progress and development.
Primary Health care for the poor and elderly will be free.
Problems of Pakistani Politics
Mirza Waqar Baig
Issue Based Politics
Personality vs. Issues = Personality wins!!!
PAKISTAN is a nation desperately in need of heroes.
Our politicians dissimulate, our cricketers disappoint, and our celebrities self-destruct.
Core issues were always neglected Non-existence of proactive policies to solve the
basic problems Lack of responsibility showed by the political
parties.
FeudalismGarbage In = Garbage Out
Majority of the Politicians belong to this category
Lack of Interaction with the common man
Leads to lack of development in rural areas
Absence of a complete constitution, allowed the peoples with power to manipulate the political and constitutional institution, as they wanted.
Military takeoverAn Ever Itching Palm
Marshal law is a major factor of political destabilization.
It always leaves an uneven ground for the politicians.
Sometime, It is war done in the name of democracy against democracy.
AccountabilitySelective or wholistic???
Has always been biased throughout the history Independent NAB non-existent. Pakistan is not going to change until every
man in power take responsibility for his action. And Heavy regulation, poor security that
creates an unfavorable environment for foreign investment.
Democracy vs. Dictatorship in Pakistan
Seerat Nawaz
Democracy!!! People Elect their own
Government. They are ruled by the
people of their own choice.
A common person is considered as the Primary source of the elected Government.
Not One Man Show.
Dictatorship !!! A type of government in
which the whole governing body is controlled by a single individual or a single group of people.
Government in which a single personality govern all the authorities.
It has been proved unfriendly. One Man show.
Merits and Demerits Of DemocracyMerits Local Body Government in
which people are free to choose their rulers.
People have liberty of Speech. Public Questions are decided
by the will of majority. People get the chance to
change the governing bodies. Legal form of Government. People have the freedom to
choose their Head by the General Elections.
Demerits According to Napoleon, "Nine
people out of ten are fool". This cause the election of
some illegible persons. Corruption and bribery. Illiterate people sometimes
choose the people on caste and creed basis.
Expensive mode of government.
Merits and Demerits Of Dictatorship Merits More Stable Government Less room for Corruption. More efficient during
emergencies. Less crime rates. Things happening very quickly. More stronger economy than
democratic government. No politics ever.
Demerits The most unfriendly type of
government. People sometimes have not
the freedom to speak and express their views against the government.
People have to just follow the orders.
Military dictatorship is worst type of government.
In Pakistan, Democracy or the Dictatorship ??? From the inception of Pakistan, there has been the
conflictions between the military and civil leadership
For about 30 years in history, we have dictator leadership.
As Musharraf once said,“Democracy is an ineffective system for Pakistan as there are no checks and balances in the system and to counter such failures army has to act because people of Pakistan expected too much good from military.”
But Pakistan is still a democratic country.
Dictatorial leadership in PakistanAyub Khan's Rule (1958 - 1969) His regime is said to be Industrial and Reforms Era. Most developed decade in the History of Pakistan Capital was raised to Rs. 4.7 Billion and GDP was
raised to 6.8% His Dictatorial behavior rose rage of people against
himself He tried to overcome it by the use of power, that
leads to the separation of East Pakistan. Constitution of 1962 was launched by Ayub Khan in
which all the supreme authorities was owned by him. After the resignation, he handed the government to
General Yahiya Khan. Yahiya's policies against the East Pakistanis were the
formation of Bangladesh.
Zia-ul-Haq's leadership(1977 - 1988) Islamic Shariaah was enforced is his era. This was the era of cold war against USSR in
which Pakistan played a vital role. Zia assist Afghanis by Military as well as by finance.
Military was made more strong and efficient. Zia was able to stand against external pressures
on Nuclear Programs that were started by Z.A Bhutto.
Many new reforms were introduced that could lend benefits to common people.
Pakistan had highest GDP rate in the history in Zia era.
General Musharraf's leadership (1999 - 2008) After Zia, general elections were held
which allowed PPP to make government. This government could not exist for long
time as they were accused of corruption. Then came the era of Nawaz Shareef,
which too could not stand for a long. From 1988 to 1999, no government
could stand more than 3 years. This decade was said to be the failure of
democracy in Pakistan. At last Gen Mushrraf (COAS) suspended
the constitution and chose designation of Chief Executive of Pakistan for himself, dissolving the government.
From 2002 to 2008, again this was the era of dictator.
Telecom sector made a remarkable development.
GDP was raised to about 9%. His Policies and American
support by him lead the country towards the serious threads of Terrorism.
Dictatorial behavior of Musharraf caused the political opposition against him.
5.88 5.82
5.14 5.084.83
4.06
3.022.95
2.62
Comparing Democratic and Dictatorial Rule
Dictator's Rule
ECONOMIC GROWTH UNDER DIFFERENT RULERS
* Highest GDP rate was observed on Dictator’s Rule.
* Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the sum of consumption, investment, government spending and net exports.
Ayub Khan and Zia's Eras are known as the Eras of development and peace.
Highest GDP rate was observed. Likewise, Unfortunately every democratic government
was blamed corrupt, and base of national as well as international disputes.
Democracy is legal type of government in which people elected from the citizens are offered to form the government.
but a dictator takes over the government when national disputes and confliction rises.
In the history dictatorial government has been proved to be the most economical and most administration leadership.
The reason is that, by the common person, some of the incompetent people are elected
They do not deserve to have the leadership.
So what should then we do ??? As democracy is the best form of government, so it
should be appreciated. Our duty is to nominate and elect the most
capable person. We should maintain a peaceful and administrative
atmosphere in the country, even if going to criticize the government over an issue.
We should maintain a cooperative atmosphere with the representatives of governments
Military and Law enforcement departments should ensure the fair and rigging-free elections in the country.
No one should have exemption facing the Judiciary. And Citizens should have awareness. In these ways we can have a better
democratic and peaceful atmosphere.
Conclusion Total 10 General Elections held in
Pakistan:o PPP won 5 times.o PML-N won 3 times.o PML-J won once.o PML-Q won once. Total 4 time Martial Law was imposed:o 1st Marshal Law (M. Ayub Khan - 1958)o 2nd Marshal Law (M. Yahya Khan -
1969)o 3rd Marshal Law (M. Zia-ul-Haq - 1977)o 4th Marshal Law (Pervez Musharaf -
1999)
Major Partieso PML-No PTIo PPP Constitution of
Pakistano Constitution of 1956o Constitution of 1962o Constitution of 1973 Democracy vs.
Dictatorship