Pest Management
Topic 2167
Created by Torey Birchmeier
http://www.mrgrow.com/content/glossary.htm
Signal Words and Symbols• Danger-Poison, Skull and Crossbones
– Appear on all products that are highly toxic
• Danger– These products can cause severe eye damage or skin
irritation
• Warning– Products that are moderate toxic orally, dermally or
through inhalation, moderate eye or skin irritation
• Caution– Product is slightly toxic orally, dermally or through in
halation or cause eye and skin irritation
http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/facts-slides-self/core-tutorial/module14/index.html
Insects and Pests
• Sucking pests and their damage to plants• Aphids-disfigured growth• Mealy bugs-cottony mass on leaves and stems• Thrips-light colored streaks on foliage and
flowers• Whiteflies-mottle foliage
http://www.mrgrow.com/content/glossary.htm
Insects and Pests
• Chewing Insects and their damage to plants• Chryanthemum midge-galls on forage• Corn-ear worms-holes in forage, buds and
flowers• Cutworms-cuts plants at soil level or holes• Leaf miners-Irregular, light colored patches on
leaves and flowers• Loopers-holes in young leaves
Other Pests
• Spider mites-create webs under leaves
• Slugs and Snails-ragged holes in leaves and slime trails on foliage
• Nematodes-brown areas between leaf veins or galls on roots
Diseases
• Fungus
• Bacterial
• Virus
Fungus Diseases
• Pythium root and stem rot-stunted growth, poor root system and dark regions on stems near soil surface
• Rhizoctonia stem rot-restricted growth , wilting and stem rot at soil level
• Verticillium-yellow leaves at soil level and wilting
• Gray Mold-brownish, water soaked roots
Fungus Diseases
• Septoria leaf spot-black or brown leaf spots at base of plant going upwards
• Rust-small reddish spots on leaf underside
• Powdery mildew-gray to white powdery growth on leaves and deformed growth
http://www.ent.iastate.edu/imagegal/plantpath/corn/comrust/0796.37comrust.html
Bacterial Diseases
• Bacterial blight-graying of leaves and branches, wilt, water-soaked lesions
• Bacterial leaf spot-circular or oval lesions on lower leaves
Virus Diseases
• Strut-restricted growth, poor color and small leaves
• Chlorotic mottle-mottled leaves followed by complete chlorosis
• Chrysanthemum mosiac-mottled deformed leaves
Traditional Management Techniques
• Identify pest problem and apply chemical immediately
• Usually a spray chemical is used
• EPA is cracking down on usage
• Organic and natural pesticides are being developed by companies
Nontraditional Management Techniques
• Integrated Pest Management keeps pest problems low
• IPM requires scouting of fields
• Use of resistant varieties and cultural practices
• Spot treat infected area ASAP
Other Nontraditional Methods
• Quarantining of newly arrived plants and watch for diseases or other problems
• Discarding of infected plants
• Natural predators
• Organic sprays
http://svca.on.ca/education7.htm
Methods of Chemical Application
• Aerosol
• Drench
• Fog
• Granular
• Smoke
• Sprayhttp://www.cnn.com/TECH/science/9810/16/t_t/pampering.fire/index.html
Aerosol Application
• Contain carbon dioxide or freon
• Very cold-keep distance between can and plant
• Quickly fills a greenhouse
• Very little gets underside of leaves
• Ideal temperature is 70-80oF
Aerosol Application Continued
• Hard to apply in heat because have to shut fans off-apply at night and shut fans off
• Warning signs need to be placed on all greenhouse enterances
Drench Application
• Chemicals dissolved in water and poured on
• Created with liquid, emulsifiable conc,dry or wet powder types
• Apply any time of day
• Time consuming and must treat every pot
• Most fungicides, growth retardants and some insecticides applied this way
Fog Application
• Similar to aerosol, fills greenhouse
• Use any chemical and mix with a carrier that turns into fog
• Fogging equipment uses gas engines that emit hot air and can burn plants
• Fog is visible
• Done in closed up greenhouse
• Post all greenhouse entrances
Granular Application• Used by applying granules of chemicals to
the growing medium
• Sprinkle granule on and water, chemical is released from granule
• Usually done as a preventative measure
• Must be evenly distributed, time consuming
Smoke Application
• Consists of burning special formulation chemicals that release pesticides into air
• Amount needed determined by cubic feet
• Containers are placed in aisles and lit with sparklers
• Greenhouse must be airtight and left overnight
• Do not apply if temperature is above 85oF
• Signs must be posted on all entrances
Spray Application
• Consists of dissolving chemicals in water and spraying solution on plant surface
• Most common method
• Hand or electric sprayers
• Use wettable powder, flowerable or emulsifiable concentrate formulations
• Shake frequently
• Cover entire plant upper and lower leaves
Information on Chemical Labels • Trade name-the name the product is sold
under
• Chemical name-the technical name given by chemist
• Signal word-notifies how toxic the chemical is-caution<warning<danger
• Precautionary statement-describes hazards to humans, animals and the environment
Information on Chemical Labels Continued
• Use classification-states what type of chemical the material is-insecticide, fungicide, nemacide
• Statement of practical treatement-tells what to do in case of over exposure
• Re-entry statement-period of time that must elapse before you can enter the greenhouse
Other information on Labels
• Rates of application
• How often to use it
• What crops to use it on
• What adverse plant effects may occur
Do’s and Don’ts
• If a chemical comes in contact with skin wash it off immediately
• Remove contaminated clothing immediately and wash seperately
• Wear protective clothing that covers skin• Do Not wear shorts, tee shirt or sandals• Wear a rubber suit for high toxicity
chemicals, long sleeve shirt for low toxicity
Do’s and Don’ts
• Wear rubber gloves, boots and goggles when mixing
• Wear protective mask or respirator that fits to prevent inhaling fumes
• Always clean and wash respirator
• Don’t burn chemical containers
Posted Area
• Post a hand written sign stating the following:
• chemical used
• time of application
• time safe to re-enter area
• name and phone number of who to contact
Storage of Chemicals
• Lock areas
• Have the area posted with a sign
• Area should have an exhaust vent
• Shelves should be present to prevent chemicals from getting wet
• Tightly close all chemical containers
• Date all chemicals on arrival
Disposable Procedures
• Chemicals and containers are hazardous and must be properly destroyed to prevent harm to humans or the environment
• Prepared chemicals can be disposed by applying them to labeled crops– Prepare the needed amount for the target crop– Money is being wasted if too much is prepared– Target crop may be over treated if the
applicator needs to get rid of chemicals
Disposable Procedures• Chemical containers must be empty before
disposal
• Bottle and jars must be completely empty
• Triple rinse container with clean water
• Rinse water needs to be applied to the crop
• Puncture holes in container and dispose in a sanitary landfill
• Bag type containers dispose of in landfill
Disposing of Chemicals
• Old chemicals can not be placed in landfills
• Hire a private company to dispose of chemicals
References
• Aphids picture-http://www.mrgrow.com/content/glossary.htm
• Danger sign-http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/facts-slides-self/core-tutorial/module14/index.html
• Landy bug-http://svca.on.ca/education7.htm
• Rust picture-
• http://www.ent.iastate.edu/imagegal/plantpath/corn/comrust/0796.37comrust.html
• Spraying-http://www.cnn.com/TECH/science/9810/16/t_t/pampering.fire/index.html
http://www.cnn.com/TECH/science/9810/16/t_t/pampering.fire/index.html