PBA History and Success
Jeff Paull
On behalf of all who have participated in the journey
Overview
• Pulse breeding in Australia pre-PBA
• Structure of PBA
• Best practice breeding chain
• PBA outputs
Australian Pulse Production - Area
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Are
a (h
a)
Faba & broad beans Chick peas Lentils Lupins Peas, dry
FAOSTAT
Pulse Breeding in Australia pre-PBA
• Generally State-based breeding programs • Varying degrees of collaboration between organisations within crops • Limited collaboration across crops
• Often multiple grants per crop • Difficult to administer • Breeders had limited control on activities outside own organisation
• Genesis for National programs in 1996 • Major pulse meeting at Narrabri • International experts with experience operating across regions
• Attwood March 2003!
Pulse Breeding Australia
• Commenced in 2006
• Unincorporated joint venture between GRDC, breeding organisations and Pulse Australia
Vision
• To deliver superior pulse varieties for Australian growers to increase total pulse grain production and the total cropping area sown to pulses
PBA Objectives
• Provide superior varieties that compete in global markets
• Meet the needs of food, feed and special purpose end-users
• Coordinate and recommend release of varieties
• Contribute to education and training related to pulse breeding
• Foster exchange of IPR among the Parties
• Exploit synergies and avoid duplication
• Encourage commercialisation of varieties that provide overall advantages to the Australian Pulse industry
Location of Breeding Programs
Faba bean breeding (UA and Narrabri)
Chickpea breeding (NSW DPI
Tamworth & Vic DPI
Horsham ) Field pea breeding (Vic DPI Horsham)
Lentil breeding (Vic DPI
Horsham)
Germplasm enhancement
(SARDI)
Core presentation July 2006
Lupin breeding joined in 2011 (DAFWA)
Region Dominant Pulse Crop (Current)
Western Lupin Field pea
Northern Chickpea Faba bean
Southern Lentil Faba bean Field pea
PBA Board
PBA Commercial Partners
PBA Coordinator
Lentil
Breeding
Program
Lupin
Breeding
Program
Chickpea
Breeding
Program
Field Pea
Breeding
Program
Faba Bean
Breeding
Program
Release Advisory Groups
PBA Coordination Group
Germplasm
Enhancement
Program
PBA Research
Priorities
Seed Industry Pulse Australia
Domestic
Market Needs
International
Growers
Pathology
Statistics
Agronomy
PBA Commercial
Partners
PBA
RAGs
Lentils Chickpeas
Faba beans
Field peas Lupins
PBA Breeding
Programs
Supporting Pulse
RD&E
Germplasm
Enhancement
Sustainable
Farming Systems
National Variety
Trials (NVT)
Variety Adoption
ValidationIdentification
Custom ers Breeding
Process
Pre-Breeding
Research
Collecting
seed
roya lties/
EPR at
effective
cost
Variety
Uptake
Access to
pre
-bre
ed
ing
develo
pm
en
ts &
too
ls
Ab
ility to
feed
back
mark
et s
ign
als
to
bre
ed
er
M arket/
Prom otion
activ ities,
NVT,
G rade, etc
Ab
ility to
brid
ge th
e
Pro
d’t
Devel
/ mark
etin
g
inte
rface (p
eo
ple
)
Adoption & Utilisation
of Enabling
Technologies for Rapid
Breeding
Ab
ility to
dire
ct th
e
righ
t pre
-bre
ed
ing
activ
ities
Ab
ility to
iden
tify
usefu
l tech
no
log
ies
an
d/o
r traits
at
reaso
nab
le c
ost
Ab
ility to
man
ag
e th
e
su
pp
ly o
f qu
ality
seed
–
righ
t am
ou
nt in
the
righ
t pla
ce
Pure seed m anagem ent – pedigree seed Bu lk-up
Op
er
atio
na
l Ac
tivitie
sC
ap
ab
ilities –
link
ag
e &
ma
na
ge
me
nt
C learly identified and com m unicated organisational breeding goals.
Effective technical breeding target setting , perform ance criteria.
C om m unication - developm ent and m aintenance o f continuous feedback loops.
A ccessing, capturing and effectively m anaging IP at each step along the program chain.
Im plem entation o f effective cost (financial) structures.
C ontractual m anagem ent skills.
Leadership and m anagem ent from pre -breeding to custom er – m ay
be one or m ore (team ) people and include as experienced breeder .
N ational and International outlook and understanding o f germ plasm
and technology across the program .
C hange capacity/m anagem ent across w hole chain.
Effective data m anagem ent
U se o f fast variety release tim etable targets.
C learly identified and com m unicated organisational breeding goals.
Effective technical breeding target setting , perform ance criteria.
C om m unication - developm ent and m aintenance o f continuous feedback loops.
A ccessing, capturing and effectively m anaging IP at each step along the program chain.
Im plem entation o f effective cost (financial) structures.
C ontractual m anagem ent skills.
Leadership and m anagem ent from pre -breeding to custom er – m ay
be one or m ore (team ) people and include as experienced breeder .
N ational and International outlook and understanding o f germ plasm
and technology across the program .
C hange capacity/m anagem ent across w hole chain.
Effective data m anagem ent
U se o f fast variety release tim etable targets.
Com m ercial
-isation
Tra
ns
ition
Ov
erla
p
C om m unication and Feedback - overarching and betw een the program segm ents
Australian Best Practice Breeding Chain
M arket/
Prom otion/
Sa les
Resource
Capability
Ch
ain
Le
ad
er
ship
Co
mp
ete
nc
ies
Tra
ns
ition
Ov
erla
p
Variety testing
S1
S2
S3
S4
Adaptation
Y ield
Quality
Seed purity
Accreditation
CVT & NVT
Variety testing
S1
S2
S3
S4
Variety testing
S1
S2
S3
S4
Adaptation
Y ield
Quality
Seed purity
Accreditation
CVT & NVT
Tra
ns
ition
Ov
erla
p
T im elines
(yrs)
4 to 10 years 2
Tra
ns
ition
Ov
erla
p
Effective variety
m anagem ent
packages
100 to 1000 ton
Variety
m eets
custom er
needs
Custom er
(exporters,
m illers,
m altsters,
m arketers,
feedsters ,
end users)
requirem ’ts
identified
Effective
roya lties &
EPR system in
p lace
Mo
lecu
lar m
ark
er
acce
ss
Introgress ion
F0
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
Breeding paths -
Sing le Seed Decent
Double Haploid
M SFRS
Marker Assis t Se lect ’n
Introgress ion
F0
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
Introgress ion
F0
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
Breeding paths -
Sing le Seed Decent
Double Haploid
M SFRS
Marker Assis t Se lect ’n
2 to 4 years 5 to 10 years3 to 5 years
Com m erc ia lisation P lan
Mo
lecu
lar m
ark
er
iden
tificatio
n
Variety
m eets
grower
needs
Breeding Process
Lead Agency Breeder and Technical support • Report to GRDC • Overall program management • Member of PBA Coordination Group
• Crossing • Early generation multiplication and selection • S1 – S4 trials • Pathology, Quality • Coordinate Statistical analysis (SAGI) • Initial seed multiplication • Commercialisation, PBR
Partner Agencies Contribute in a range of areas • Participate in Breeding Team Management meetings • Member of PBA Coordination Group Regional evaluation • S2, S3, S4 • Provide data for MET analysis • Identify lines adapted to region • Feedback on lines to use as parents
Pathology Quality
Contract Service Providers • Provide services not available within the Breeding Team • Contract trials in areas not readily accessed by PBA
partners • Provide data for MET analysis
Germplasm Enhancement Research
• Priorities determined by PBA Coordination Group
• Breeding programs provided germplasm when appropriate
• Regular communication between GE projects and PBA
• Rapid adoption of outputs
• Abiotic, Biotic, Quality, Crop Management, Enabling Technologies
Abiotic
• Heat
• Frost
• Moisture stress
• Boron
• Salinity
• Waterlogging
• Pod drop
Crop Management • Herbicide tolerance
Technologies • Molecular markers
• Digital analysis
Biotic • Ascochyta
• Botrytis
• Bacterial blight
• Downy mildew
• Stemphyllium
• Rust
• Root lesion nematodes
Quality
• Sensory
• Processing
Meeting the Customers Needs
• Most Australian pulses are exported to food markets
• Diverse markets – but driven by Indian sub-continent
• All pulse crops have several “types” • Which type for which market?
• Priority/resources for each type?
Australian Pulse Exports Source: Pulse Australia
Market Intelligence
Local - AGIC International
Commercialisation
• Each breeding program partnered with a commercial partner to manage a pipeline of varieties
• Early multiplication of promising breeding lines • Shorter release times
• Target varieties to appropriate regions rather than compete for market share
• Release Advisory Groups
• Variety Management Package
Best Practice
• National and International collaboration
• PBA capacity building
• Communication • PBA Newsletter
• Annual meetings
• Technicians symposiums
• PBA Conference 2013, APC 2016
PBA Outputs
• 34 PBA Varieties
• Continuing yield improvements in all crops
• Large pool of elite germplasm
• New traits and selection methods available to breeding programs via GE program
• Integrated breeding programs with a common goal
Field Pea Yield Progression
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Year
t/h
a
Pennant
Dundale Dinkum
Bluey
Glenroy
Laura
Parafield
Snowpeak
Kaspa
Excell
Sturt
MoonlightBundi
PBA Gunyah
PBA Twilight
PBA Percy
PBA OuraOZP0805
OZP0903
Alma
Wiirrega
King
Australian Coordinated Field Pea Improvement Program
Pulse Breeding Australia
State Breeding Agencies
• Average yield gain of 1-1.5% per year across 20 years
• Tall trailing types gradually replaced with semi dwarf varieties
• Significant breakthrough with cv. Kaspa in 2002
Faba bean
Year Variety Type
2009 PBA Kareema Broad bean
2011 PBA Rana Southern Region faba bean
201 PBA Warda Northern Region faba bean
2014 PBA Samira Southern Region faba bean
2015 PBA Nasma Northern Region faba bean
2015 PBA Zahra Southern Region faba bean
Faba bean
PBA Samira • High yielding and widely
adapted throughout the Southern Region
• Resistant to ascochyta blight
• Medium size, bright seed suited to Egyptian market
Chickpea
Year Variety Type
2009 PBA HatTrick Desi
2009 PBA Slasher Desi
2011 PBA Boundary Desi
2011 PBA Pistol Desi
2012 PBA Striker Desi
2013 PBA Maiden Desi
2013 PBA Monarch Kabuli
2016 PBA Seamer Desi
Chickpea
PBA Seamer • Highest level of AB resistance in
desi adapted to northern region
• Improved lodging resistance
• Larger seed and improved milling quality
• Released in 2016 with strong interest from northern growers
Jimbour PBA Seamer
Field pea
Year Variety Type
2011 PBA Gunyah Kaspa
2011 PBA Twilight Kaspa
2012 PBA Hayman Forage
2012 PBA Percy Dun
2012 PBA Oura Dun
2013 PBA Pearl White
2014 PBA Coogee Forage
2014 PBA Wharton Kaspa
Field pea
PBA Pearl • Highest yielding Australian pea
• Yellow pea – market is 100 fold larger than Dun pea market
• Downy mildew and BLRV resistant
• Good early vigour, early-mid flowering and maturity
PBA Gunyah Kaspa seed
PBA Pearl Yellow Pea
Lentil
Year Variety Type
2009 PBA Flash Medium red
2010 PBA Jumbo Large red
2010 PBA Blitz Large red
2012 PBA Ace Medium red
2012 PBA Bolt Medium red
2013 PBA Hurricane XT Small red
2014 PBA Greenfield Medium green
2014 PBA Giant Large green
2014 PBA Jumbo2 Large red
Lentil
PBA Jumbo2 • Highest yielding red lentil across
all lentil growing areas
• Good broad adaptation and yield stability
• Resistant to ascochyta and botrytis grey mould, so suitable for early sowing
• Improved tolerance to boron
Lupin
Year Variety Type
2012 PBA Gunyidi Australian sweet lupin
2013 PBA Barlock Australian sweet lupin
2015 PBA Jurien Australian sweet lupin
Lupin
PBA Jurien • High yielding across most lupin
growing areas in WA, NSW, SA and Vic
• Resistant to Anthracnose
• Resistant to phomopsis and grey spot
Challenges for the Future
• Fill-in the production area gaps
• Integrate new traits and technologies into the breeding programs • Reassess selection priorities • Capacity within breeding programs or out-source?
• Evolution of pathogens • Recognise and respond
• Respond to changing market requirements
• Respond to changing farming systems
Participants
Grains Research and Development Corporation
Pulse Australia
University of Adelaide
Agriculture Victoria
NSW Department of Primary Industries
South Australian Research and Development Institute
Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia
University of Sydney
Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research
Centre for Legumes In Mediterranean Agriculture
Australian Pulse Production - Area
0
100000
200000
300000
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13
Are
a (h
a)
Faba & broad beans Chick peas Lentils Peas, dry
FAOSTAT
4%
18%
32%
36%
10%
Average Total Pulse Production in the SA Midnorth-Lower Yorke Eyre Zone
Chickpeas
Faba Beans
Field Peas
Lentils
Lupins
8%4%
44%
8%
36%
Average Total Pulse Production in the SA Vic Mallee
Chickpeas
Faba Beans
Field Peas
Lentils
Lupins
12%
40%
11%
29%
7%
Average Total Pulse Production in the SA Vic Border-Wimmera Zone
Chickpeas
Faba Beans
Field Peas
Lentils
Lupins
5%
50%33%
3% 9%
Average Total Pulse Production in the Vic High Rainfall Zone
Chickpeas
Faba Beans
Field Peas
Lentils
Lupins