25
30
35
45
50
55
60
65
40
Time(Ma)
CHRONO-STRATIGRAPHY
SYST
EMSERIES
OLI
GO
CEN
E
UPP
ERLO
WER
PALE
OG
ENE
PALE
OC
ENE
EOC
ENE
UPP
ERM
IDD
LELO
WER
LOW
ERU
PPER
SEA-LEVEL TRENDS
38.54
34.76
35.17
37.24
33.90
32.19
29.45
28.45
27.50
24.84
42.98
41.67
57.23
56.09
55.22
55.52
54.09
57.55
58.23
53.55
52.47
51.62
51.07
50.13
49.78
47.47
45.35
64.50
63.41
65.21
62.17
61.45
Bart 1
Bart 2/Pr 1
Pr 2
Ch 4/Aq 1
Ch 3
Ch 2
Ru 4/Ch 1
Ru 3
Ru 2
Pr 4/Ru 1
Pr 3
Lu 3
Lu 4
Th 2Th 3
Th 5Th 4
Th 6/Yp 0?
Yp 3Th 7/Yp 1
Yp 4Yp 5
Yp 6
Yp 7Yp 8
Yp 10
Lu 1
Lu 2
Yp 9
Da 1
Da 2
Da 3
Da 4
Sel 1
Sel 2/Th 159.32
SEQUENCECHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY
SEQUENCES
55.42 Yp 2
56.57
MAINSEA-LEVEL
TRENDS
MEGASEA-LEVEL
TRENDS
REF
Sequence Stratigraphic Framework (Neal, 1996)Age Key biostrat. datum
Microfossil Palynomorph
Shelf BasinMoray Firth
Central GrabenSout Viking Graben
Dep.Seq. high low
Sea level
Sequence Frameworks
from Shell modified fromDen Hartog Jager et al. (1993)
from Mobilmod. fromArmentroutet al., 1993
Eustatic Curvemod. from Haqet al. (1988)
Olig
ocen
eE
ocen
eP
aleo
cene
Dan
ian
Paleogene 5R/TFcycle
Paleogene 4R/TFcycle
Paleogene 3R/TFcycle
Paleogene 2R/TFcycle
Paleogene 1R/TFcycle
Ekofisk
Maureen
Andrew
LowerBalmoral
UpperBalmoral
U. FortiesSele
Balder
L. Frigg
M. Frigg
uM. Frigg
U. Frigg
F-Ill
UpperTay
Caran
Nauhian
Brioc
L. Lark 1
L. Lark 2
Sea levellowhigh
Bio-zone Stratigraphy
PT24/27/29
PT23
PT22
PT21
PT20
PT19
PT15
PT13
19.119.219.319.4
22.1
22.2
22.3
22.4
23.1
23.2
23.3
23.4
BC-14
BC-12
BC-10
BC-6
BC-4
BC-3
Sel
andi
anTh
anet
ian
Ypre
sian
Lute
tian
Bar
toni
anP
riabo
nian
Rup
elia
n
ShelfBasinal shalesSubmarine fanHiatus
Maximum flooding surfaceSequence boundaryHigher order seq. boundary
2
7
6
5
4
3
8
9
10
1112
2
3
456
7
8 9
1052
5354.254.555
60
63
T50
T45T40
T30
T20
2
3
4
5
6
1
Beauly/Balder
Dornoch
Forties
Balmoral
Andrew
Maureen
I
Balder
DornochFortiesLista IIIb
Maureen II
Lista IIIa
Lista II
Lista Ib
Lista Ia
Maureen I
e2
e1
e0
p8
p7
p1
p3
p4p5
p6
NSPg90
NSPg80NSPg70NSPg65NSPg60NSPg55
NSPg50
NSPg40
NSPg35
NSPg30
NSPg20
Simon GeophysicalServices and GAPs(1991)
Robertson Research(1996)
Mudge (1998)Galloway et al. (1993)Liu (1995)
Seq. of BPmod.fromStewart(1987)
Vining etal. (1993)
Dixon andPearce(1995)
STS TKS Stratigraphic Seq. Sequence Basinal sands rel. change of coastal onlap Seq.no.
land basin
A. arcuatum
S. cooksoniae
A. diktyoplokus
R. porosumH. porosa
D. colligerum
S. placacantha
D. ficusoides
D. pachydermun
E. ursulae
E. ursulaeH. tubiferum
C. edwardsiiH. tenuispinosum
W. meckelfeldensisA. summissum
D. condylosS. septatus
D. varielongitudumD. politum
P. pyrophorumP. bulliforme
I. viborgense
P. bulliforme
D. simileD. oebisfeldensisD. solidumH. tubiferum
Inaperturopollenitesspp.
A. augustumPterosphermeliaC. wardenenseD. oebisfeldensis
W. astra
A. augustumA. margarita
A. gippingensisP. pyrophorum
large Leiospheres
A. reticulataD. californica
X. lubricumS. inornata
P. dimorphosus
G. compressaG. pseudobuloidesE. trivialis
Cenodiscus
S. spectabilisRhizammina/Bahysiphon
Cenodiscus
Coscinodiscus sp.
S. linaperta gr.
S. navarroana
C. amplectens
compiled in Millenium Atlas (2003)
TECTONIC EVENTS
Uplift of northernmost North Sea andShetland Platform
Volcanic activity in central Europeand North Sea Basin uplift
Marine connection to Alpine foredeep
Faulting along Vøring Escarpment and Færoe-Shetland Escarpment
Minor faultingRifting in Norwegian-Greenland Sea
Vulcanism on Møre Marginal High,Vøring Marginal High and Plateau andFæroe Islands
Spreading jump (Aegir ridge abandend)
Active seafloor spreading in NorwegianSea
CLIMATICEVENTS
8837 (4) 21.10.04
??
EKOFISK FM.
LISTAFM.
Heimdal.Sst. Mb.
??CHALKGROUP
PU
OR
G E
SO
RET
NO
MP
UO
RG YA
RO
M
LowerDomochSst.
L3
L2
L1
V2
V1
?
VÅLEFM.
EKOFISK FM.
LISTA FM.
LowerDomochSst.
L3
L2
L1
V2
V1
NOITA
MR
OF H
CO
NR
OD S1
VÅLEFM.
LISTAFM.
VÅLEFM.
?
VÅLEFM.
HermodSst.Mb.
HermodSst.Mb.
HermodSst.Mb.
Heimdal.Sst. Mb.
TySst. Mb.
TySst. Mb.
TySandstoneMember
TySandstoneMember
L1
V2
V1
L3
L2
S1b
S1a
L3
L2
L1
V2
V1
L3
L2
L1
V2
V1
S1S1S1
EggaSst.Mb
EggaSst.Mb.
BorrSst. Mb.
SiriSst. Mb.
SiriSst.Mb.
Fiskebank
Silt andSst.Mb.
EigerøySst.Mb.
SotraSst. Mb.
SolundSst.Mb.
LISTA FM.
?
?
BorrSst. Mb.
EKOFISKFM.
L3
L2
L1
V2
V1
LISTA FM.
VÅLEFM.
S1bS1a
MaureenSst.Member
MaureenSst.Member
Maureen Carb.Sst.Member
AndrewSst.Mb.
FortiesSst.Mb.
Eigerøy Sst. Mbr.
?
VÅLEFM.
VÅLEFM.
L3
L2
L1
V2
V1
S1
SiriSst.Mb.
FiskebankSilt and
Sst.Mb.
Eigerøy Sst. Mbr.
?
?
Mor
ay G
roup
Mon
trose
Gro
up
Chalk Grp.
Pale
ocen
eea
rlyla
te
Apectodiniumspp. acme
Bathysiphon acmeS. spectabilis acme /A. margaritaA. gippingensis
P. pyrophorum
C. lenticularisI. viborgenceS. beccariiformisacmeG. pseudobulloides
S. inornata
??
BALDER FORMATION
DomochMudstone
UpperDomochSst.
BeaulyMember
HermodSst.Mb.
S2a
NOI
TA
MR
OF
HC
ON
RO
D
S3
B1B2
Northern North Sea
East Shetland Platform/North Viking Graben
W E W E
SELEFM.
UpperDomochSst.
BeaulyMember
SELEFM. S2a
S3
B1
B2
B1
NE Fladen Ground Spur /South Viking Graben
W E
BALDERFORMATION
Siri Valley
W E
BALDERFORMATION
SELEFM.
Horda platform
W E
Stord basin
BALDERFORMATION
HermodSst.Mb.
S2a
S3
S2b
B1
B2
S2a
S3
B1
B2
S2a
S3
B1
B2
FiskebankSilt and
Sst.Mb.
Eigerøy
Sst.Mb.
SolundSst.Mb.
RadøyMember
OdinMember
SELEFM. S2a
S3
B2
Central Graben
W E
BALDERFORMATION
S2bCromartySst.Mb.
EigerøySst.Mb.
Norwegian DanishBasin
W E
BALDERFORMATION
S2a
S3
B1
B2
EigerøySst.Mb.
FiskebankSilt andSst.Mb.
V V V V V V V V V V V V V V VV V V V V V V VV V V V V V V V V VVV V V V V V V V
Central North SeaGroup
Wes
tray
Gro
upS
trons
ay G
roup
Lark Fm. Lark Fm.Lark Fm.
GridSstMb.
GridSstMb.
GridSstMb.
GridSstMb.
MousaFm.
Mou
sa F
m.Horda
Fm.
FriggSstMb.
SkrooSstMb.
HordaFm.
TaySstMb.
HordaFm.
Age
Olig
ocen
ceEo
cene
early
mid
- la
te
Coscinodscus
D. oebisfeldensisacme
Keybio-markers
S. Iinaperta
CenosphaeraE. ursulae
S. att. spectabilis
G. indexA. diktyoplokus
C. lobospinosum
from RWE modified after Knox & Cordey (1992)
HO
RD
ALA
ND
GR
OU
PR
OG
ALA
ND
GR
OU
P
SELEFM.
SELEFM.
MousaFm.
unnamed Mb.unnamedMb.
BALDERFORMATION
δ13
C (‰)
0-1012345
δ 18O (‰)
4°0° 8° 12°
Temperature (° C)*
Small-ephemeralIce-sheets appear
Late PaleoceneThermal Maximum
Oi-1 Glaciation
Mi-1Glaciation
E.EoceneClimaticOptimum
Late OligoceneWarming
Full Scale and Permanent
1 2 3
Zachos et al. (2001)Millenium Atlas (2003)
Brekke et al. (2000)
Partial or Ephemeral
A n t a r c t i c I c e - s h e e t s
0.7075 0.708 0.7085
Sr87/Sr86
McArthur (pers.comm.)
Foraminifers/Diatoms/Calcareous algae
Siliceousbiofacies(NSR 8A)
T. alsatica(NSR 7B)
A. agterbergi(NSR 7A)
Turrilina alsatica LOSpirosigmoilinella compressa LCODorothia seigliei
Turrilina alsatica LCO
Adercotryma agterbergiAnnectina biedaiRotaliatina bulimoidesReticulophragmium acutidorsataAmmodiscus latusReticulophragmoides jarvisiDWAF LCO (rare) Reticulophragmium amplectensAmmosphaerodina pseudopaucilo-culata
Aulacodiscus insignis var. (sp.3,4,5)Cibicidoides mundulusSiliceous biofacies LCO
Subbolina linapoerta Turborotalia pameroli Globorotalia cerroazulensis (unnamed)
(NSR 6B)
Globigerina officinalis Almaena osnabrugensis
Reticulophragmiumampledens(NSR 6A)
Ammomorginulinaaubertae(NSR 5B)
Reticulophragmiumintermedium(NSR 5A)
Subbotinapatagonia(NSR 4)
Fenestrellaantiqua(NSR 3)
Ammoanitaruthvenmurrayi(NSR 2A)
Reticulophragmiumpauperum(NSR 2B)
Subbotinapseudobulloides(NSR 1)
Reticulophragmium amplectens
Ammomarginulina aubertaeKarrerulina conversaKarrerulina coniformisHaplophragmoides kirki
Recticulophragmium intermediumRecurvoidella lamellaSpiroplectammina navarroana
Subbotina patagonicaPopovia spp.
Fenestrella antiqua
DWAF LCO, incl.Rzehakina minimaHyperammina rugosaSaccamina placentaReticulophragmium pauperuReticulophragmium garcilassoi (rare)Spiroplectammina spectabilis LCO
Cenosphaera lenticularisGavelinella beccariiformisRemesella variansMorozovella pseudobulloidesGlobanomalina cf. compressaSubbotina triloculinoides‘Globigerina trivialisGloboconusa daubjergensis’Globigerina simplicissimum
Marginulopsis decorata Cibicidoides truncanus
Turrilina robertsi Acarinina pentacamerata Acarinina sp.
Planorotolites planoconicus Acarinina densa Acarinina pseudotopilensis Planorotalites australiformis Morozorella formosa gracilisAcarinina soldadoensis Bulimina trigonalis
DWAF (rare)Spiroplectammina dentalia
Gavelinella beccariiformis
Ammoanita ruthvenmurrayiHormosina excelsaLabrospira pacifica (rare)Cystammina sveniConotrochammina voeringensis (rare)Ammoanita ingerlisae (rare)
DWAF = Deep Water Agglutinated Foraminifera
Central North SeaSouthern North Sea(relatively rare)
Dinoflagellate cysts
D. biffii
Distatodinium biffiiMembranophoridium aspinatum
Chiropteridium lobospinosum
S. cornuta
A. semicirculataD. granulata
S. cooksoniae
Spiniferella cornuta
Wetzeliella symmetrica groupThalassiphora pelagica
Phtanoperidinium spp.
Rhombodinium dracoCorrundinium incompositum Areoligera semicirculata Deflandrea granulata
Schizophacus cooksoniaeSamlandia chlamydophoraAchilleodinium biformoides
Areosphaeridium dictyoplokus
A. dictyoplokus Areosphaeridiummichoudii
Heteraulacacysta porosa
RhombodiniummomboideumPhtanoperidiniumdistinctum
DapsilidiniumpseudofiscusoidesCerebrocysta magnaS. placacantha
Hystrichosphaeropsiscostae
Eatonicysta ursulae
Dracodinium condylos
Dracodinium politumDracodinium varielongitudum
Deflandreaoebisfeldensis
Cerodinium speciosumPhelodinium magnificumAlisocysta sp. 2
Apectodinium augustum
Alisocysta margarita
Isabelidinium?viborgenseCerodinium diebelii
Alisocysta reticulata
Senoniasphaera inornata
Carpatella cornuta
Palynodinium grallator
H. porosa
D. colligerum
D. ficusoides- E. ursulae
D. oebisfeldensis
A. augustum
A. margarita+ P. pyrophorum
I. viborgense+ S. magnifica
S. inornata
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Time(Ma)
Stag
e
Epoc
hO
LIG
OC
ENE
RupelianE
LChattian
28.45
23.02
58.70
61.70
65.50
E
M
L
PALE
OC
ENE
34.00
37.20
40.40
48.60
55.80
Ypresian
Lutetian
Bartonian
PriabonianL
M
E
EOC
ENE
Norges Database
based on: Smelror (pers.com.), Mudge & Bujak (1996), Millenium Atlas (2003)
based on: Gradstein & Backstrøm (1996)
Norwegian Microfossil Zones and Datums
Paleogene sequence and lithostratigraphy of the Northern and Central North Sea
NORLEX - Project(in progress)