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Where to get more informationSpark Arrester qualification & testing:
USDA Forest ServiceTechnology & Development Center444 East Bonita AvenueSan Dimas, CA 91773Attn: Ralph Gonzales
(909) 599-1267 x 212Fax: (909) 592-2309
Website: http://fsweb.sdtdc.wo.fs.fed.us
Lesson ObjectivesName three types of spark arrestersState the maximum size of carbon particle that can safely enter the airName the facility where spark arrester programs and the Spark Arrester Guide are managed
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Introduction
The inspection of spark arresters is a complicated
process.
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Spark Arrester Qualification Program
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Cone of Learning
Doing the Real Thing
Simulat ing the Real Experience
Doing a Dramatic Presentation
Giving a Talk
Part icipating in a Discussion
Seeing it done on Location
Watching a Demonstration
Looking at an Exhibit
Watching a Movie
Looking at Pictures
Hearing Words
Reading10 % of what we read
20 % of what we hear
30% of what we see
50 % of what we hear and see
70% of what we say
90% of what we both say and do
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How It All Began
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The Basics
Wildland fuels may ignite at 400 oF to 500 oF
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The Basics
Exhaust streams and surfaces reach 1000 oF during operation
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The Basics – Ways to Prevent Fire Starts From Internal Combustion Engines
Reduce exhaust gas temperature
Reduce surface temperature or prevent from contact with fuels
Limit carbon particle size to under 0.023 inches (0.058 mm)
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The Basics
Carbon particles greater than 0.023 inch in diameter have enough energy to start a fire
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Carbon Accumulation
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The Basics
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What Is A Spark Arrester?
A spark arrester is a device which pulverizes or traps exhaust particles.
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Types of Spark Arresters
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General Purpose – Trap Type
cleanout
trap
Stationary vane
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General Purpose – Trap Type
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Screen Type Spark Arrester
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Disc Type Spark Arrester
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Required Features on General Purpose Spark Arresters
Markings Manufacturer name or trademark Spark arrester model number “Screen type” for screen type spark arresters
Cleanout device Cleanout plug Removable end cap Cleanout band
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What Kinds Of Equipment
Need A Spark Arrester?
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Federal Code for Public Lands
36 Code of Federal Regulations Section 261.52
All internal and external combustion engines operated in Federally managed lands must be equipped with a qualified spark arrester.
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External Combustion Engine
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External Combustion Engine
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Exemptions
Power units equipped with a turbocharger. 100 % of exhaust gasses must pass thru the
turbine wheel. No waste gate or any other by-pass
Registered vehicleso Check with Your Local agency. Generally Street
legal vehicles do not require an approved spark arrester device.
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What Makes A spark Arrester Qualified?
It Must meet one of these standards
USDA 5100-1cSAE J335SAE J350SAE J342
(SAE= Society of American Engineers)
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How can it be determined that it meets those standards?
The easiest way (the only way) is that it is listed in one of the Spark Arrester Guides
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Spark Arrester Guides
The Spark Arrester The Spark Arrester Guide is a set of Guide is a set of books l ist ing all spark books l ist ing all spark arresters evaluated at arresters evaluated at SDTDC that meet the SDTDC that meet the requirements in FS requirements in FS 5100-1c5100-1c
Types of Power Units(combustion engines)
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Types of Engines (Power units)
General Purposeo Heavy equipmento Portable power equipmento OHV vehicleso Small engines
Multi-position Small Engineso Chainsawo Other than Chainsaw (string trimmers, brush cutters)
Locomotiveso Dieselo Coal-fired, oil-fired
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General Purpose Spark Arresters
RequirementsTrap or pulverizing type
80 % effectiveness (90% hot test) 80 % cleanout effectiveness
Screen Type no opening greater than .023 inch
diameter effective screen open area is 200 %
greater than smallest restriction on exhaust port.
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General Purpose Spark Arrester
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General Purpose Test
How is it done?3D-32-P101-EP
Trap / Pulverizing Type Testing
• arrester is mounted in the test chamber• the blower provides air into the arrester• carbon is injected into the arrester• the carbon is collected, sieved and weighed• a minimum of ten runs is required• five test points (100 % of rated flow, 10 % rated
flow, & three evenly spaced in between)• two runs per test point• 2 runs at 2 psi back pressure
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General Purpose – Marking Requirement
Manufacturer Name or TrademarkSpark Arrester Model Name or Number“Screen type” if a screen type spark
arrester
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Multi-position Small Engine
Tested in accordance with: SAE J335 Multi-position Small Engine Exhaust
System Fire Ignition Suppression Types of MSE
Chain Saw Other than chain saws
trimmers blowers high pressure washers etc...
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Multi-position Small Engine
Most MSE spark arresters are screen types, chainsaws etc.
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Multi-position Small Engine (other)
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Multi-position Small Engine
Exposed Surface Temperature - not to exceed 550oF
• exposed surface is an surface which comes in contact with or intersects the contact plane
Exhaust Gas Temperature - not to exceed 475oF
• measured were exhaust gas impinges on contact plane
Contact Plane• a flat plane around the exhaust system• determined by moving a test plate around the exhaust system
with power head on a flat surface.
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Multi-position Small EngineChain Saw Contact Planes
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Multi-position Small Engine
How is it done?
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Marking Requirements
Manufacturer generated number Does not have to be a full model number
Power unit needs to be marked: With manufacturer name or trademark Power unit model number
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General Purpose & Multi-position Small Engine Spark Arresters
General Purpose particle size no greater
than .023 in diameter waivers are allowed must be positively
identifiable fixed position (45o
deviation) assigned a rated flow no temperature
requirements
Multi-position Small Engine
particle size no greater than .023 in diameter
waivers are allowed must be positively
identifiable Multi-position qualified with a specific
power head surface & exhaust gas
temps.
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Quiz #1
GO
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Quiz #1
1. What is a spark arrester?
2. Which pieces of equipment are required to have a spark arrester?
3. What is a general purpose engine?
4. What is a multi-position small engine?
5. What are the three types of spark arresters?a.b.c.
6. What are the marking requirements for a trap type and for a screen type?
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next
Quiz #1
7. Name one thing that a trap type arrester must have?
8. How do you know if a spark arrester is qualified?
9. What is the largest screen opening that a screen type spark arrester may have?
back
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Spark Arrester Identification
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Identifying Spark Arresters
General Purpose• Displays MFG
Trademark or name• Stamped with the
Model number• “Screen type”• Has Cleanout Device• Must be in the Guide
Multi-position Small Engine
• It must be in the Guide
• Displays the Model number of power unit
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Identifying Spark Arresters
US Forest Service Approved
Forestry Approved Department of
Forestry Approved
Does not mean its qualified!
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Cleanout Devices
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Cleanout Devices
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Cleanout Devices
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Spark Arrester Maintenance
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Spark Arrester Maintenance
Spark Arrester must be properly maintained to be effective
Cleanout must be emptied periodically
Condition of the engine affects spark arrester effectiveness
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Spark Arrester Maintenance
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Spark Arrester Maintenance
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Modified Spark Arresters
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Modified Spark Arresters
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Modified Spark Arresters
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Modified Spark Arresters
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Modified Spark Arresters
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Modified Spark Arresters
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Turbo vs. Superchargers
Turbocharger• Exhaust is directed thru a turbine to run a
compressor• 100 % of exhaust must pass thru turbine wheel• Not waste gate allowed
Supercharger• Direct link to engine• Does not function as an arrester
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Turbocharged Engines
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Turbocharged Engines
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Position of Application
Only applies to General Purpose
Horizontal Vertical Inverted Multi-position (Screen
Type)
Not more than 45 degrees from the mounted position
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Mufflers
Mufflers Mandatory for street legal vehicles Designed for sound, they do not arrest carbon particles
Catalytic Converter Also required for post 1975 gas powered vehicles For emissions,they do not arrest sparks Subject to high temperatures (2000 F) Some qualified spark arresters have catalyst
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Spark Arrester Guides
SAG Volume 1 &2
Online SAG
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Spark Arrester Guide Vol. 1 & 2
SAG is no longer published on paperUpdates are done electronically for both
MSE & GP spark arrestersUpdates include all qualified spark
arresters since the publication of the latest SAG
SDTDC is available for reference
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On-Line Spark Arrester Guide
Searchable Database By manufacturer name Model number Power unit Position
More Frequent Updates Quarterly
Downloadable PDF
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On-Line Spark Arrester Guide
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On-Line Spark Arrester Guide
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On-Line Spark Arrester Guide
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On-Line Spark Arrester Guide
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On-Line Spark Arrester Guide
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On-Line Spark Arrester Guide
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Fire Investigations
What can San Dimas Technology Development Center Do for You?
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Fire Investigation
The have test records for everything tested at the facility
They can run efficiency tests on exhaust hardware for evidentiary purposes
Can provide expert testimony (If the US Forest Service is party to suit)
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Fire Investigation
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Fire Investigations
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Fire Investigations
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Fire Investigation
What SDTDC cannot do. Cannot do analysis on collected debris.
(They are not an approved Crime Lab for evidence processing)
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Locomotive Spark Arresters
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Locomotive Spark Arresters
Tested in accordance with:Association of American Railroads
Recommended practiceSAE Recommended Practice J342
Tested on site with a portable unit.
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Locomotive Spark Arrester
Spark arresters
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Locomotive Spark Arrester
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Locomotive Spark Arrester
trap
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Locomotive Spark Arrester
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Locomotive Spark Arrester
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Where to get more informationSpark Arrester qualification & testing:
USDA Forest Service
Technology & Development Center
444 East Bonita Avenue
San Dimas, CA 91773
Attn: Ralph Gonzales
(909) 599-1267 x 212
Fax: (909) 592-2309
Website: http://fsweb.sdtdc.wo.fs.fed.us
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Where to get more informationSpark Arrester qualification & testing:
USDA Forest ServiceTechnology & Development Center444 East Bonita AvenueSan Dimas, CA 91773Attn: Ralph Gonzales
(909) 599-1267 x 212Fax: (909) 592-2309
Website: http://fsweb.sdtdc.wo.fs.fed.us
Summary & Review Lesson ObjectivesName three types of spark arrestersState the maximum size of carbon particle that can safely enter the airName the facility where spark arrester programs and the Spark Arrester Guide are managed
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