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OUTLINE AND CONTENT OF A
RESEARCH STUDY
RD 100
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Chapter 1
Introduction
Conceptual Framework / Theoretical Framework
Statement of the Problem
Hypotheses Objectives (local format)
Definition of Terms
Assumptions
Scope, Delimitations, Limitations Significance of the Study
Review of Related Literature
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Introduction
The writer introduces the study, what it is all
about, and how the study came to be. It
provides the rationale of the study, citing
circumstances, weaknesses and problems in
ones area of expertise or interest, that need
to be addressed or solved. There should be a
strong and significant reason for conductingthe study.
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Conceptual Framework/Theoretical
Framework
This is the heart of the study. In theoreticalframework, the researcher attempts toadvance his/her hypothesis, but in doing so
invokes a theory or cites the literature, orfindings of other studies, as basis for his/herhypothesis. Because of these bases, andthrough induction and deduction, (coupled
with the literature search) the researcher isable to deduce and explain, and even predictwhat the behavior of the variables will be.
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Conceptual Framework/Theoretical
Framework
In cases where there is lack of a specific theoryon which to base ones hypothesis, or if the studyis very exploratory in nature such that not muchhas been established about that specific area yet,
then the researcher may write a conceptualframework. While it may not be as strong ortight as a theoretical framework, theresearcher should strive to put it in such a way
that the framework is not subject to manyquestions as to its validity. Relationships amongvariables may be established by the researcher(by way of logical thinking, deduction, induction)using as bases, the readings and the literature.
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Statement of the Problem
This part of the chapter contains the specific
research questions to be answered. Start with
the general objective. The general objective is
usually culled out of the title and it cannot be
readily answered. The specific questions
narrow down the concerns of the general
objective, and these are the questions whichcan be immediately and directly answered by
the researcher using the data gathered.
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Hypotheses
The researchers hypotheses or the best oreducated guess as to the outcomes or answers to
the research questions.
Use the theoretical or conceptual framework asbasis for coming up with the
hypothesis/hypotheses.
The hypotheses (null) for statistical testing may
also be included here. It must be noted though
that not all types of research will require an
explicit statement of this hypothesis.
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Definition of Terms
The key variables and other important
concepts are defined herein. Operational
definitions of the terms are encouraged (i.e.,
how such terms are used specifically in the
study. Terms are defined through the
measures used in the study, or the
treatment if the study is experimental innature)
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Assumptions
These are statements which have been
established and accepted to be true. These
are stated in so general terms and there is no
need to gather proof as to their truth. There is
no need to test them. Without theses
established truths one cannot proceed to do
the study. For some, statement ofassumptions may not be required.
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Scope, Delimitations, Limitations
Defines the parameters of the study before
setting out to do research. Examples would be
on the samples, methodology etc. What
constraints and problems have been
encountered in the study in a way that
imposed limitations.
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Significance of the Study
This part contains the significant contributions
that the study will make to entities like
schools, hospitals, specific groups, individuals
and to education in general. There should be
evidence that such contributions are
significant and will make a difference in the
current or existing situation.
R i f R l d Li
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Review of Related Literature(Chapter 2 in Local Format)
This chapter presents the review of thestudies and the literature done by the
researcher along the topic being studied.
Two kinds of literature are normallypresented: materials on studies taken from
theses, dissertations, journals and similar
materials; and literature, materials which are
not studies per se but statements from
authorities on the subject matter.
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Review of Related Literature
Two kinds of literature are normally presented
Related Studies
materials on studies
taken from theses,
dissertations,
journals and similarmaterials
Related Literature
materials which are not
studies per se but
statements from
authorities on thesubject matter.
Local and Foreign
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Review of Related Literature(Chapter 2 in local format)
It is presumed that the researcher reads
related topics from authorities on the subject
matter. It is presumed that the researcher
reads related topics several sources and puts
these together. It is important that the
literature materials are presented in a holisticmanner, not choppy.
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Chapter lll: Research Method
Research Method
Sample and Sampling Technique
Research Locale Data-Gathering Tools/Instrumentation
Data-Gathering Procedures
Statistical Analysis
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Research Method
A short description of the general or dominant
method used in the study. The researcher
should know the different types of research
according to design or methods, theirrequirements and assumptions. It also
presents, how the data will be analyzed, i.e.,
quantitatively or qualitatively.
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Sample and Sampling Technique
Include herein is a description of the
sample/participants/respondentsof the study.
Describe also the procedures, methods or
processes by which they were samples or
selected for the study.
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Research Locale
This part describes the setting of the study. It
includes a description of the location where
the study is done and its background.
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Instrumentation
Describe all the instruments and the tools usedto gather data, their features, and what variablesor characteristics they are supposed to measure,and to whom they will be administered, and what
particular data the tools gather. They can eitherbe existing or researcher-developed. If it is thelatter, describe the processes used in developingthe tools. Describe also the ways which the
validity and reliability of the instruments wereestablished, whether the instruments are existingor researcher developed.
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Data-Gathering Procedures
Describe herein the different steps used in
gathering the data, (when and how) using the
data-gathering tools you use.
Experimental Plan
*pre-experimental
*experimental proper
*post-experimental
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Statistical Analysis
Describe each of the statistical tools used for
particular sets of data. Mention also the
corresponding statistical tools for particular
data sets.
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Chapter II. Presentation of Results
and Discussion (Chapter lll in Other localstudies)
results should be presented in a tabular form
(following APA styles) and discuss findings or
the answers to each of the research questions.
Answers to each question should be
discussed.
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Chapter II. Presentation of Results
and Discussion Cont
There are three levels in analyzing the data
per research question. First, describe the data
as it is. Second, cite the related literature ifsuch confirms or contradicts your findings.
Third, discuss and weave in you insights about
your findings, that is going beyond what yousee in the data.
h l
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Chapter IV. Summary, Conclusions
and Recommendations
A summary of the whole study is written. The
conclusions should be derived from each of
the findings. Recommendations for further
research, and improvement of the methodscan be made. Recommendations could also
evolve out of the weaknesses or limitations of
the study.