All rights reserved © 2005, AlcatelAll rights reserved © 2005, AlcatelAll rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
Mobile WiMAX – Alcatel solution Osvaldo Telese
Mobile Communication Group, Alcatel Italia
Page 2
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Outline
Introduction to WiMAX technology
IEEE 802.16d-2004 and IEEE 802.16ePHY and MAC layers
Alcatel mobile WiMAX - main features
Queries and Answers
Page 3
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
WiMAXHotzones
Residential & SoHo, Multitenant & SMEFixed Wireless DSL
IEEE 802.16ePortability, Mobility
IEEE 802.16d(802.16-2004)
Wireless DSL, MAN
EnterpriseT1/E1, IP services
WiFiHotspots
WiMAX - High Speed Wireless Connectivity
WiMAX Certified™
Alcatel partnering with Intel for the standardization, the development, the
integration and the marketing of WiMAX end-to-end solutions
WiMAX Certified™
Alcatel partnering with Intel for the standardization, the development, the
integration and the marketing of WiMAX end-to-end solutions
IEEE 802.16aPre-WiMAX
(Backhauling)
Definition of Conformance and
Interoperability Profiles
Page 4
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
WiMAX - Services and Usages
Fixed Wireless DSLDSL Services for fixed end user locations (home, office)
Indoor and Outdoor Plug & Play CPEs (Custumer Premise Equipments)Main features: Indoor Coverage, NLOS
Internet in The PocketNomadicity – WiFi like
User authentication and service authorization across multiple base stations. No support for application/session continuity (no handoff/no resources reservation)
PortabilityUser authentication and service authorization across multiple base stationsPCMCIA cards/ laptop embedded chipsetsMain features:Support for hard handoff, roaming, non-real-time session continuity
MobilitySupport for real-time session continuity (voice) Main features : vehicular mobility, PDA, smartphone
Page 5
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
WiMAX Forum – Usage scenarii
Definition DevicesLocations/ Speed Handoff
802.16- 2004 802.16e
Fixed Outdoor and Indoor CPE
Single / Stationary No Yes Yes
NomadicIndoor CPE, PCMCIA card
Multiple / Stationary No Yes Yes
PortabilityPCMCIA card
(laptop)Multiple / Pedestrian
Hard handoff No Yes
Simple Mobility
PCMCIA card (laptop), PDA Smartphone
Multiple / Low
vehicularHard
handoff No Yes
Full Mobility
PCMCIA card (laptop), PDA Smartphone
Multiple / High
vehicular Soft handoff No Yes
Types of ACCESS to a WiMAX network
Page 6
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
WiMAX Positioning
012345
Spectraleff iciency
Global cost
CPE cost
Mobility
Security
Reach
Number ofsimultaneous
subs / cell
Spectrum w idth
cc
WiFi
012345
Spectral eff iciency
Global cost
CPE cost
Mobility
Security
Reach
Number ofsimultaneous subs /
cell
Spectrum w idth
Voice, data & multimedia PtPNationwide coverageFull mobility
Hotspot coverage, “on the pause”Low CPE costLower securityNo guaranteed bit rate (shared pipe)
WiMAX
012345
Spectral efficiency
Global cost
CPE cost
Mobility
Security
Reach
Number ofsimultaneous subs
/ cell
Spectrum width
Broadband Wireless Access “on the move”Area coverageHigh capacityQoS
Note: Comparative ranking with other technologies in performance per cell. Global cost per end user including spectrum fee.Source: Alcatel
Page 7
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Digital Divide: unequal access to ICT’s
Broadband Wireless
Base Station
Fiber
Radio Link or WiMAX
WiMAX as a cost efficient technology to build a BB networkin low density/low demand areas
WiMAX as a cost efficient technology to build a BB networkin low density/low demand areas
CNC China
Page 8
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
WiMAX User Terminal evolution
2007
2008
2006
2005 IEEE 802.16e
IEEE 802.16-2004
Outdoor CPE 500-700€
SmartphonesIntegrated in
laptops & PDA< 35€
Indoor CPE 200€
PCMCIA 100€
Main Market DriverKorea / WibroEarly availability of Multimedia devices
Fixed Wireless Access Internet In the Pocket Mobile
Page 9
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
2008 “Broad CE Devices”Wifi+WiMAX+DVB H
Integration
WiMAX Terminal Roadmap (source: Intel)
2006-08“Nomadic & Mobile
WiMAX Devices”
2004-06“WiMAX Modems”
Page 10
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
WiMAX - spectrum availability
GHz32 4 5
3G Bands1900-20252110-2200
US WCS2305-23202345-2360
ISMWi-Fi (802.11b,g)
2400-2480
US MMDS2500-2690
Amateur, Military3300-3400
3.5 GHz Band3400-3600
6
US Low-Mid UNII BandWi-Fi (802.11a)
5150-5350
WRC (New)5470-5725
US Upper UNII Band
5725-5850
Weather Radar2700-2900
Licensed WiMAX Wi-Fi/Unlicensed WiMAX
Page 11
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
WiMAX - spectrum availability
The primary licensed band available for WiMAX applications is expected to be the 3.5GHz band
Main areas: Europe, Canada, ChinaIt is defined with 100MHz duplex spacing for FDD usage.TDD usage has to be checked country by country
3.5 GHz is used in Italy for WiMAX trials, under FUB monitoring (2005) Some countries starting to consider 3.3-3.4 and 3.6-3.8GHz
2.3GHz and 2.5-2.7GHz bands2.5-2.7 GHz
Allocated in Philippines, US, Brazil, Canada, MexicoUnstable situation in USA (Nextel, Sprint blocking spectrum usage)Europe: allocation to mobile WiMAX vs. 3G/IMT2000 under evaluation
2.3-2.4 GHz most prevalent in Southeast AsiaWibro licensed in Korea early 2005,Canada, AUS/NZ allocated, Singapore has trial licenses available
Page 12
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Mobile WiMAX: version meeting market needs
Wireless DSL Broadband @ Home & Office Mobile Broadband
802.16e
VoIP , IMSBroadband InternetMobile IPTV
802.16e
Residential and SOHO WLL
better Fixed Wireless DSL + Mobile Broadband = 16ebetter Fixed Wireless DSL + Mobile Broadband = 16e
Page 13
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Mobile WiMAX A Multi-Service Broadband Wireless Access technology
Secured Access
Strict QoS
Real Time
Mobile Always On
Business Access
Video
Voice
High Speed Internet (HSI)
Mobile TV
Gaming
Unlimited Usage
Low Latency
WiMAX enables an unlimited combination of services
Throughput=
Performance
QoS=
Guarantee
Latency=
Interactivity
Mobility=
Anywhere
Security=
Privacy
Power save=
Portability
Page 14
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Mobile WiMAX: end-to-end network architectureAn All IP Network
ASN Access Service Network SS Subscriber StationNAP Network Access Provider BS Base StationNSP Network Service Provider CSN Core Service NetworkRx agreed reference interface
SS ASNGW
BS
BS
BS Internet/peer IP
networks
R1
R6
R6
R6
R8
R8
R6
R4
R3R5
NAP NSP
to otherASN GW
ASN(routed or switched)
V-CSN H-CSN
Page 15
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Alcatel mobile WiMAX SolutionStrong Technology Assets from Day One and Cost Saving
SOFDMA, Multilevel Modulation & Coding= Better performance + Cost Saving
Mobility Support From First Release
Smart AntennasEnhance coverage ( sites/2) Increase capacity (+40%), Reduce Interference –80%
= Cost saving
Optimized for Mobile TV Support
= New services
@
Compact BTS35 liters, no indoor equipments need =
Cost saving
Page 16
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Outline
Introduction to WiMAX technology
IEEE 802.16d-2004 and IEEE 802.16ePHY and MAC layers
Alcatel mobile WiMAX - main features
Queries and Answers
Page 17
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
IEEE 802.16d/e Physical LayerMajor Technical Characteristics
Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and LOS environmentsLicensed and unlicensed spectrum [2-11 GHz]
Several spectrum canalizations possible: 1.5 MHz ~ 20 MHz.16d : TDD and FDD duplexing .16e : currently TDD duplexing only
Three physical layer technologies:Single carrier modulationCOFDM with 256 point FFT (currently adopted by fixed WiMAX)OFDMA with up to 2048 point FFT (currently adopted by mobile WiMAX , with scalability of the FFT size according to channel bandwidth)
Support for Smart Antennas, MIMO, Turbo Codes in mobile WiMAXHigh spectral efficiency: up to 3.75 bps/Hz (Adaptive Modulation)
but dimensioning in real NLOS case in the range of 2 bps/Hz
Cell radius very dependant on the environment * (NLOS, LOS, Urban, Rural): LOS up to 30 km, NLOS 1 - 3 km * and tower height, antenna gain, tx power
Page 18
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
WiMAX certification profiles - Physical Layer
Band (MHz) DuplexingChannels
(MHz)
3400-3600 TDD 3,5
3400-3600 FDD 3,5
3400-3600 TDD 7
3400-3600 FDD 7
5725-5850 TDD 10
Certification Profiles WiMAX 802.16-2004
Band (GHz) DuplexingChannels
(MHz)
2.3/2.5/3.3/3.5 TDD 5
2.3/2.5/3.3/3.5 TDD 7
2.3/2.5/3.3/3.5 TDD 8,75
2.3/2.5/3.3/3.5 TDD 10
2.3/2.5/3.3/3.5 TDD 20 ?
Candidate Profiles Mobile WiMAX Rel 1
Page 19
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
IEEE 802.16d/e Physical LayerMultiplexing, Modulation, Coding
Multicarrier modulationMultipath propagation, in LOS and NLOS conditionsFrequency selective channels
Support for QPSK, 16/64-QAMSupport for MIMO and AAS Convolutional Codes, InterleavingMobile WiMAX:
Convolutional Turbo CodesChanel Quality Indicator via feedback channelHybrid Auto Repeat RequestAdaptive Modulation and Coding
Robust link adaptation at vehicular speed (> 120Km/h)
Page 20
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
IEEE 802.16d/e MAC LayerMajor Technical Characteristics
Generic MAC layer for all PHY layer options:
PtP and Mesh architecturesfixed WiMAX, BS < -- > SSs:
Downlink : multiplex TDMUplink: shared, TDMA, access controlled by the BS
MAC Connection oriented Support for Burst, streaming, continuous traffic, QoSControl channels (basic+ management)Transport channels
Centralised resource allocation, with frame-by-frame scheduling.Scalable channel bandwidth
Specific ConvergenceSubLayer
CommonSubLayer
PrivacySubLayer
ATM IPv4, IPv6,…
IEEE 802.16 MAC Layer
Page 21
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
IEEE 802.16d/e MAC LayerMajor Technical Characteristics
QoS support for different traffic typesUGS : Unsolicited Grant Services - supports constant bitrateservices (CBR)(Max sustained rate, Max latency tolerance, Jiitter tolerance)rtPS : real-time Polling Services - supports variable data rate real-time services, e.g. MPEG video, VoIP with activity detectionnrtPS : Non-real-time Polling Service supports non-real-time variable size data packets, e.g. FTPBE : Best Effort services
Two Subscriber Station classes:Grant per ConnectionGrant per SS
Page 22
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
IEEE 802.16d MAC LayerMajor Technical Characteristics
Privacy sublayer: Access authentication & ConfidentialityBuids up Security Associations BS < -- > SSData SA
for each transport channel and secondary control channel - stores – used algorithm for traffic encryption (DES, AES)– current and next Traffic Key Encryption (TKE)– TKE lifetime, TKE initialization vector, etc.
Authorization SADedicated to device/user authentication, stores
– X509 certificates (per SS Manufacturer, per SS MAC address);– Authorization key (AK, 160 bit), estabilished by the BS after SS authentication
shared secret between SS and BS;– AK lifetime, etc– from the AK key following keys are calculated
– Key Encryption Key (KE, (3DES,112 bit, derived from AK) to encrypt the TEK which is distributed over the air
– HMAC keys i.e. message authentication codes, to ensure integrity of signallingmessages, respectively in UL and DL
Page 23
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
IEEE 802.16d MAC LayerMajor Technical Characteristics
Privacy and Key Management (PKM) Protocol, v2manages security via REQ/RSP messages, MAC protectedAuthorization: an SS intends to join the network
Msg 1, SS -> BS : Cert_Manufacturer-SSMsg 2, SS -> BS : Cert_SS ||Capabilities ||SAidMsg 3, BS -> SS : RSA-Encrypt[PublicKey_SS,AK] ||Lifetime ||SAidList
SS is now authorised to register at the BS: the BS allocates a CID, the SS can stabilish a secondary control and transport connections.TEK key distribution
HMAC-Key_UL[Key Request]
HMAC-Key_DL{Key Reply[3DES(KEK ||TEK0,TEK1) ] }
SS BS
Page 24
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Mobile WiMAX: a fully fledged security architecture
Best in class security featuresPrivacy and Key Management Protocol, v2
Automatic configurationDevice/User Authentication using IETF EAP- Extensible Authentication Protocol
Mutual authentication SS – BS (supplicant/ authenticator/authentication server)Centralised policy control: session time out triggers re-authenticationEncryption keys dinamically derived after authenticationCredentials: SIM-based, USIM-based, Digital Certificate, Login/Password
Traffic Encryption using AES-CCMEncryption keys (TEKs) derived from EAP authenticationPeriodical TEK refresh mechanism
Control message protection/integrity using MD5-based MAC schemesFast handover support
Re-authentication using a 3-way handshake scheme
Page 25
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Mobile WiMAX: Mobility Management
Battery lifeSleep mode: the MS negotiates periods of absence from the serving BS
no DL and UL traffic: MS is seen as not availavle from the BSin sleep state the MS scans BSs to assist handoff procedure
Idle mode: the MS becames periodically available for DL broadcasttraffic messaging (paging) without registration
HandoffEnables the MS to switch from one BS to another at vehicular speedwithout service interruptionHard handoff mechanismFast Base Station Switching
Page 26
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Outline
Introduction to WiMAX technology
IEEE 802.16d-2004 and IEEE 802.16ePHY and MAC layers
Alcatel mobile WiMAX - main features
Queries and Answers
Page 27
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Alcatel mobile WiMAX: end-to-end solution
IPbackhauling
IP
ApplicationsWiMAX Base Station• 802.16e• TDD • Advanced Antenna System• Mobility
Wireless Access Controller (WAC)•Security and Authentication•Accounting•Traffic routing•Mobility management
End-user devices• W-DSL• PCMCIA• PDA•… IP
IP
WiMAX OMC-R (Operation and Management Center)• Network surveillance• Quality of service monitoring • Radio network planning/optimization
Page 28
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Alcatel mobile WiMAX : IP/IT Based Flat Architecture
WiMAX 16e is the First Full IP Standard Radio Access Network
IP/IT based flat architectureReduced network complexity and number of nodesBetter latencyEasier e2e QoSIP broadcast & Unicast/ Multicast
IP BackboneWAC
EthernetMedia
Gateways
Call Servers
Outdoor
Indoor
Base Station
Reduced network complexity, full IP with
e2e QoS
Reduced network complexity, full IP with
e2e QoS
Page 29
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Alcatel WiMAX: Base Station categories
Light Base station1 sector extendable to 3Equipment around 35 litres/30kgAAS scalable 2 to 4 antennas,Hot spots and Rural
35 dBm per antenna
Macro Sites, shelf basedHigh Capacity Urban/SubUrban sites, Multi standard GSM/UMTS based
Pico SitesCampus and indoorLicensed and UnlicensedLow powerMeshed configurationEquipment < 10 litres/10kg range
CentrinoWimax
Platform
“The strategic relationship between Alcatel and Intel lays the foundation for nomadic broadband wireless to succeed”Signals Research Group
802.16 e
Page 30
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Fixed WiMAX - Performance Wireless DSL Urban environment
Light install CPEsOutdoor NLOS antenna
Zero install CPEs Indoor
> CPE@10 m
CPE@4 m
> CPE@10 m
1km
Around 3km
1.5 km
Around 4km
Maximum user data rate : 22 Mbit/s (80% probability)
Minimum user data rate :4.5 Mbit/s (99.9% probability)
Sectorized BS10MHz
40 m
* NLOS= Non Line Of Sight
Page 31
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Fixed WiMAX - Performance Wireless DSL Rural and Sub-Urban environment
3.5GHzIndoor
3.5 GHzOutdoor
5.2 14
Typical Values
ConditionsIndoor Penetration 15dB
Ante. Height 35mAAS 4 Ante.
BS OP 35dBmSS : 27dBm W-DSL
A.Gain : W-DSLTDD 3:1
1024kbps DL128kbs UL at cell range for Wimax
41.45
RuralConditions
5MHz ChannelAgriculture Model90% Probability
3.5GHzIndoor
3.5 GHzOutdoor
Sub URBAN
RURAL
Sub UrbanConditions
5MHz ChannelSub Urban Model95% Probability
5 MHz
5 MHz
5 MHz
Wall
Roof-top
Indoor
Page 32
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Nomadic/Portable Network Design
Dense UrbanEnvironment
EDGE900
EDGE1800
HSDPACapa driven
WiMAXWDSL3.5GHz
WiMAXWDSL
2.6 GHz
WiMAXNomadic3.5GHz
WiMAXNomadic2.6 GHz
0.70.5 0.5
0.6 0.75
10MHzChannel
Around : 15 Mbps DL /6 Mbps UL
Typical Values
ConditionsIndoor Penetration 15dB
Ante. Height 35mAAS 4 AntennasBS OP 35dBm
SS : 20dBm Nomadic / 27dBm W-DSLA.Gain : 2dBi Nomadic / 6dBi W-DSL
TDD 3:1
Macro Mobile Site ReusePossible for WDSLIssue for Nomadic
0.350.3
HSDPAAround
1.3-2Mb DL & 500kbUL
EDGEAround
200-260kb/TRX
Page 33
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
User
strong interferer
1 antenna
element2 antenna
elements
4 antenna
elements
- 39% sites - 35% sites
÷ 2 sites
Number of antenna elements impacts
More than twice less sitesRange/coverage enhancementAverage throughput gain up to 40%
Alcatel WiMAX AAS drastically improve system performance
coverage enhancement by higher gain of the BS antenna, higher robustness of the radio link (UL 5dB, DL 11dB) which leads to increased range and improvement of indoor coverage
interference reduction with adaptive beamformingper subscriber in DL and UL, combined with OFDMA
steering the direction of the max transmit powerEnhancement of frequency reuse pattern
capacity increase due to better link quality and, in a second step by employing space as an additional degree of freedom for multiplexing in DL
4 Antennae Array
Page 34
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Alcatel WiMAX AAS – The Three Virtues
Adaptive Antenna System Beam forming
Increased Capacity Better Link Quality
Adapted modulation scheme
Capacity increase
Up to 40 % throughput gain
Enhanced Coverage Improved coverage
More robust radio link
Cell site number divided by 2
Reduced InterferenceInterference reduction –80%
Side Lobe suppression
Smaller frequency reuse distances
Page 35
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Page 36
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Page 37
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
WiMAX: Advanced features802.16e versus 802.16d
QPS
K 1
/2
QPS
K 3
/4
16Q
AM
1/2
16Q
AM
3/4
64Q
AM
2/3
64Q
AM
3/4
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Efficiency UL G729 - 20 ms framing
16d (Average 48%)16e (Average 94%)
Better VoIP : Double number of calls Max 50% efficiency with 802.16d ~ 95% efficiency with 802.16e
16.e = SOFDMA, Multilevel Modulation & Coding
8 Mbps*
- 3 dB
16 Mbps* 11 Mbps*
22 Mbps*
Sub channeling 802.16d vs. 802.16e
16.e Sub channeling = up to + 70% coverage
Page 38
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Why WiMAX 802.16e-2005 is better than 16.d?
Higher performance than 16d: half base stations for the same coverage + double VoIP callsbenefits of Alcatel smart antennas (double coverage, + 40% more throughput, -80% interferences)
Mobility mechanisms only with 16e Smart Devices (PCMCIA etc..) : only 16e
Mass Market terminals only compatible with 16ePower consumption reduced up to 1/10
Radio Features making Indoor CPE & PCMCIA deployment feasible developed only with 16e
Smart Antennas, Sub-channeling 16e & 16d air interfaces are NOT COMPATIBLE
WiMAX : Worldwide interoperable Microwave Access
Page 39
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
WiMAX Trials in Italy
In Italy the WiMAX Trial Authorization process has been led by Fondazione Ugo Bordoni, delegated by Ministero delle Comunicazioni
Usage of frequency band: 3.4-3.6 GHz, currently allocated to Ministerodella Difesa
Preferred sites: cities, rural or mountains areas.
Alcatel, as equipment manufacturer and e2e integrator, has participated to all FUB audits
Alcatel is currently managing 5 WiMAX trials in Italy (fixed WiMAX)
Scheduled trial end by june 2006(preliminary trial results availble from FUB Web site)
Page 40
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
Queries and Answers
Page 41
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
WiMAX Integration in Fixed Networks
BRAS
ISAMDSL
modem
WiMAX (integration in wireline DSL)
worldwideInternet
PSTN
InternetGW
voiceGW
WiMaxbase
station
fixed
nomadic
AggregationProvider
IP backbone
ProviderService Evt
AAA NMS
WAC( WiMAX Access Controller)• Access Control (authentication, accounting)• IP connectivity and traffic routing• Security• Mobility• Scalable architecture, hundreds WiMAX BS
WiMAX OMC-R (Operation and Management Center)• Network surveillance• Quality of service monitoring • Radio network planning/optimization •Can be integrated seamlessly into existing IT systems
WiMAX (stand alone)WiMaxbase
station
fixed
nomadic
WiMaxaccess
controller
OMC-R
Page 42
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
WiMAX Interworking in 3GPP Mobile Networks
AAA
NodeB
Cellular radio
worldwideInternet
NMSSMS-C
SGSN
PSTN
voiceGW
RNCBSC
BTS
WiMAX (stand alone)WiMaxbase
station
fixed
nomadic
WiMaxaccess
controller
OMC-R
IPAggregation
PDSNSGSN
Outdoor
Mobile PacketCore Network
HLRHLRHLR
AAAAAAPrepaid
Charging GW
corporate
GGSN/PDG
Operator value added
contentPDG = Packet Data GatewayEAP-SIM Authentication
Page 43
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
ASN
Proposals for mobility1. Use of MIP for both micro & macro mobility
payloadPoA@
Micro-Mobility MIP tunnel Macro-Mobility MIP tunnel
payloadPoA@CoA@payloadPoA@BS@+Tunnel idpayloadPoA@
MSSASNGW
HA FABSFA
MIP for micro mobility
PrincipleFA in BS and HA in ASN-GW for micro mobilityFA in ASN-GW and HA in CSN for macro mobility
H-CSNHA
Page 44
All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006
ASN
Proposals for mobility 2. Use of 802.16e for micro
payloadPoA@
Macro-Mobility MIP tunnel
payloadPoA@CoA@
MSSASNGW FA
BS
802.16e backbonesignaling for micro
mobility
> Principle• 802.16e backbone signaling between BS and ASN-GW• FA in ASN-GW and HA in CSN for macro mobility
H-CSNHA
IEEE 802.16e specific
Micro-Mobility IP tunnel