© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
ON THE ROAD TO E‐MOBILITY: CHANCES AND ESSENTIAL STEPS FOR ASEAN STATES
Bangkok, June 6, 2018
Daniel Borrmann
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
AGENDA
Current situation and changes on the roads
Types of mobility, their requirements and potential
Prerequisites for e-mobility - aside the mobility
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
The present situation in urban as well as in rural areasCars, cars, cars wherever you look…
Today and for the next years,(conventional) cars are the basisfor mobility of persons - evenindividuals - and goods
The consequences are well known:
traffic jams and waiting time
noise and pollution
damage to health
Visit Germany’s dirtiest street:the Neckartor in Stuttgart
Fortunately, electrification anddigitalization will change thelandscape very soon
sueddeutsche.de
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
As mindsets change, the cars change as wellIt’s not yet a revolution but certainly a beginning
Keyword: micro vehicles / city vehicles (“very small cars”)
Already known are“better scooters”for car drivers:
More and more of thesemicro vehicles are presented
Renault TwizyPiaggio MP3(required license:car driving license)
Toyota i-Road Toyota i-TRIL
Uniti (startup ofSwedish students,supported bySiemens)Note: (nearly) all of those “new types”
of cars are powered by electricity
autoevolution.com, autoviva.com, toyota-global.com, handelsblatt.com, electrive.net
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Electric micro vehicles can help to relieve road trafficEspecially in cities, resources are finite
Cities are growing and growing, but crowded already today, e.g. Bangkok:
about 10m private vehicles
average speed of 22kph
Properties of micro vehicles:
safe to drive and to handle (in contrast to two-wheelers)
reduced area requirement, e.g. traffic and parking
reduced environmental impact (low weight, noise…)
shared use potentiates the mentioned advantages
bangkokpost.com, bangkok.com
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
The Electromobile City ScooterA vehicle concept developed by Fraunhofer IAO
Features tilting technology
Feeling of driving a two-wheeler,not requiring two-wheeler experience
Online: https://blog.iao.fraunhofer.de/verkehrsbelastung-reduzieren-fahrfreude-erhohen-potenziale-nutzen-der-electromobile-city-scooter/
Stability at low speeds
Takes up little space in traffic
Has a very small turning cycle
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
TRIVE: developed of a micro vehicle in a research project…supported by Fraunhofer and University of Stuttgart
Online: http://www.muse.iao.fraunhofer.de/de/ueber-uns/teams/mobility-concepts-and-infrastructure/entwicklung-mikrofahrzeug.html
Characteristics:
Three-wheel BEV
Max. speed: 65km/h
Range: 50-60 km
Portable battery packs
Weight: 140 kg (incl. battery)
Height: ca. 1500 mm
Length: < 1000 mm
Further project partners: Funded by:
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Electric micro vehicles are seductive already todayUnfortunately, conventional cars still offer more for less
Renault Twizy
Handling like a go-kart
Electric engine, locally emission free (100km of range)
Few weather protection, no boot
About 86,000 MYR (690,000 THB)
autoviva.com, perodua.com.my
Perodua Axia
Conventional drivetrain (200km of range)
Doors with windows, four seats, boot, air conditioning
About 30,000 MYR (241,000 THB)
Promote development of competitive electric micro vehicles!
Examples:
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Digitalization makes everyday tasks easier and easierFor example, looking for a parking space
(Dynamic) Parking management of carpark operators and city administrations
Parking management and charginginfrastructure: iCurb by IAO
Soon, sensors are notnecessary any more
signal.ch, wordpress.com, strassenverkehrstechnik-online.de
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Digitalization makes everyday tasks easier and easierFor example, travelling with public transport
Provide passengers with every necessaryinformation, influence traffic accordingto the passengers (as best as possible)
Show alternatives andallow to book them
e.g.
hochbahn.de, thetechmap.com, directline.de
Control oftraffic lights
Controlcenter
Real-timeinformation
Bus stopwithdisplay
Personaldevice
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Digitalization makes everyday tasks easier and easierFor example, change usage of cars
Keyword: sharing economy
Car sharing becomes more and more popular
conventional andelectric cars
station-based orfree-floating
numerous projects(in rural areas)
Also popular: sharing ofe-scooters (e.g. Coup byBosch and emmy in Berlin,Scoot in San Francisco)
Digitalization is avery strong driverof car sharing
carsharing-news.de, theusbport.com, motomobil.at
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Private cars will further on play a very important role…but alternatives can gain acceptance quite fast
Solutions to relieve road traffic are already perceptible
Public transport remains the most efficient and eco-friendly solution
Sharing of (e-)cars also can help to reduce motorized individual transport and offers revenue potential
Support foundation of platforms for (e-)car sharing, do not leave them to foreign companies!
Enable usage of public transport together with car sharing, e.g. one ticket for all systems and platforms!
Thanks to digitalization, smartphoneshelp to…
…find and usepublic transport
…pinpointaccident-prone areas(developmentof KMITL)
bangkokpost.com, 148apps.com
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
The various alternative drivetrain technologiesElectrification keeps on playing a very important role
Strukturstudie BWe mobil 2015
Conventionalvehicle
Electrifiedconventional
vehicle
Hybridvehicle
Plug-inhybridvehicle
Rangeext. el.vehicle
Batteryel. vehicle
(BEV)
Fuel cellvehicle
Fuel tank
Combust.engine
Tractionbattery
Electricallyoptim. engine
Hydrogen tank
Electric engine /Generator
Fuel cell
Electrified ancillarycomponents
Influence of the electrification of the drivetrain
Promising electric cars: Chevrolet Bolt EV (?), Tesla Model 3
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Characteristics of the partially electrified drivesSome facts to allow an evaluation
Important for manufacturers tomeet regulations (from about 2020:95g CO2/km is the limit in the EU)
Electrification of conventionalvehicles shall reduce emissions
Hybrid vehicles and especiallyPlug-in hybrid vehicles show verylow consumption in in the NEDC
The Idea: Conventional drivingon motorways, electric drivingin urban areas
But: Conventional driving on motorways is very inefficient due to highweight of vehicle and its battery
Electrifiedconventional
vehicle
Hybridvehicle
Plug-inhybridvehicle
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Characteristics of Battery electric and Fuel cell vehiclesSome facts to allow an evaluation
Range extended electric vehiclescarry their own power generator
need fuel, models have not beensuccessful so far (Chevy Volt etc.)
Battery el. vehicles (BEVs) do allowdriving without emissions and canbe integrated into the power grid
Fuel cell vehicles can be refueledvery fast
Disadvantages of Fuel cell vehicles: the range is limited (Toyota Mirai:<< 500 km) and today only a small number of fuel stations is available
Relating to renewable energies and hydrogen for Fuel cell vehicles some clever solutions are possible, but there is still a very long way to go
Rangeext. el.vehicle
Fuel cellvehicle
suedeutsche.de
Batteryel. vehicle
(BEV)
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Goods will further on be handed over by humans…but those humans do not drive trucks any more
Cargo bikes for deliveries, testedin various (regional) projects
Automated delivery truck that isable to follow the postman
sueddeutsche.com, rp-online.de
Note: whether automated or not, (nearly) all of those “new types” of carsare powered by electricity
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Further fields of application for alternative drivetrainsPublic transport can benefit a lot from electricity
Expansion of the public transport system is necessary to prevent transport collapse
Hybrid and fully electric buses (and cabs) are still expensive, but can increase the impact of a locally emission free public transport
Available vehicles already work very well, but sometimes more intensive testing before regular operation is advisable!
volvobuses.com, eco-business.com
Hybrid electric bus Fully electric bus Fully electric cab
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Comparison of the alternative drivetrain technologiesFor the next years, electric vehicles are the best choice
Not just “refueling in public spaces”, but also the possibility of an intelligent combination with renewable energies and the power grid is important:
Hydrogen Electricity Gasoline
Ava
ilab
. o
f f.
sta
tio
ns
Today, only a small number of fuel stations
available
Everywhere, with preparations even at
home
The benchmark, unfortunately
Ran
ge
Not as good as communicated so far
Becomingbetter and better
The benchmark, unfortunately
Co
mb
i-n
ati
on
Subject of research
Close to market introduction (Smart
Home; charging just up to 4 €/100km)
Not possible (at leastnot sustainable)
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Developments to make BEVs even more suitable for everyday life
“Refuel” your car within half an hour - everywhere
Although a lot of standardization already has taken place, various plugs are available and nearly each offers a different power
The Type 2 AC plug (up to 43 kW) and the Combo 2 DC plug are the “systems of choice” and pushed by relevant organizations
Type 2
Type 1
Combo 2
Inductive charging will make the use of electric vehicles much easier, after standardization has been successful
For this, additional technologies like localization as well as for the future also automated driving play an important role
Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG, Fraunhofer ISE
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Charging infrastructure in urban and rural areasPublic transport also has to be considered
For dissemination of private electric vehicles, first charging infrastructure (with cable or wireless) at home as well as at work is mandatory
For buses that are on the road all the day there are different approaches:
abb.com, siemens.com, BOMBARDIER
Pantograph (150kW for 3-6 minutesat the bus route’s end points)
Inductive charging (200kW for 30 secondsat two intermediate bus stops)
Charging pad
Coolingsystem
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Developments besides cars to push automated drivingPreparation of the infrastructure for electric vehicles
Tesla Snakebot autocharger prototype(nothing heard about it since 2015)
Shall not need to know the position of theelectric vehicle to detect its socket
Autoples - automated parking and charging
Vehicle finds its parking space without driver,charging robot knows position of the vehicle
Stuttgart, Parkhaus „Hofdienergarage“Schellingstraße 25B, 6th floor
Autonomous driving and inductive charging(right: demonstration at IAA 2015)
For public and private spaces - in combinationwith renewable energies the solution of choice
bidnessetc.com, elektroniknet.de
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Bidirectional charging offers new business modelsEspecially owners of solar panels can save money
Transfer of energy from the grid (local or regional) to a vehicle and back from there to the grid when needed
Today, especially interesting for private persons with solar panels at home: Solar power, if not consumed, is stored in the battery of the vehicle and fed back when the sun has gone
Based on bidirectional charging, new business models will arise in public spaces soon (e.g., allow a provider to discharge your battery while parking if it is recharged on return…)
=
renewable energy sourcespredominantly fossil fuels
Private prosumer with solar panels, bidirectional charging infrastructure and electric vehicle
Triebke, Borrmann (2017)
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Fraunhofer IAO Micro Smart Grid (MSG)BEVs in an intelligent grid of renewable energy sourcesIntelligent energy and vehicle management
The MSG including production and storage components enables optimal usage of locally generated energy
EcoGuru - an innovative system for vehicle management - controls the charging sessions of electric vehicles
In combination, the MSG and EcoGurusupport the decarbonization of both traffic and electricity production.
DC
AC
P
Energymanagem.
Fleet userFleet manager
Wind turbine
LOHC hydr.stor. system
Photovoltaics
Electricvehicles
Li-ion batt. Power electr.
Charginginfrastr.
Online: www.muse.iao.fraunhofer.de/de/ueber-uns/labors/living-lab-micro-smart-grid.html
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Energy supply for a large number of electric vehiclesPrerequisites for e-mobility - aside the mobility
E-mobility needs a strong grid!
In the long term, a nationwide charging infrastructure is essential
More renewable energy sources are necessary for a really emission free e-mobility
Expansion of renewable energies and network require time, money and patience…
…but imagine to be independent of the oil price as your mobility is powered by sun and wind alone
Charging stations Li-ion battery
Power electronics
Hydrogen storage
Solar panelsWind turbine
Fraunhofer IAO Micro Smart Grid in Stuttgart - mobility without fossil fuels
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
Summary and conclusionA few things you should keep in mind
E-mobility will be part of our lives already very soon
Along with it, interesting changes take place (micro vehicles, sharing of vehicles…)
Setbacks will occur, but it’s worth to overcome them
As one of the most efficient regions in the world, take the given opportunities!
sueddeutsche.de
© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart
THANK YOU VERY MUCHFOR YOUR ATTENTION
…RESEARCH AND SOLUTIONS FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD
Daniel Borrmann
Mobility Innovation
Fraunhofer IAO | Nobelstraße 12 | 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Phone: +49 (0)711 / 970-2030
E-mail: [email protected]