ON THE ROAD TO E MOBILITY: CHANCES AND ESSENTIAL … · Also popular: sharing of e-scooters (e.g. Coup by Bosch and emmy in Berlin, Scoot in San Francisco) ... efficient and eco-friendly

© Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart

ON THE ROAD TO E‐MOBILITY: CHANCES AND ESSENTIAL STEPS FOR ASEAN STATES

Bangkok, June 6, 2018

Daniel Borrmann


AGENDA

Current situation and changes on the roads

Types of mobility, their requirements and potential

Prerequisites for e-mobility - aside the mobility


The present situation in urban as well as in rural areasCars, cars, cars wherever you look…

Today and for the next years,(conventional) cars are the basisfor mobility of persons - evenindividuals - and goods

The consequences are well known:

traffic jams and waiting time

noise and pollution

damage to health

Visit Germany’s dirtiest street:the Neckartor in Stuttgart

Fortunately, electrification anddigitalization will change thelandscape very soon

sueddeutsche.de


As mindsets change, the cars change as wellIt’s not yet a revolution but certainly a beginning

Keyword: micro vehicles / city vehicles (“very small cars”)

Already known are“better scooters”for car drivers:

More and more of thesemicro vehicles are presented

Renault TwizyPiaggio MP3(required license:car driving license)

Toyota i-Road Toyota i-TRIL

Uniti (startup ofSwedish students,supported bySiemens)Note: (nearly) all of those “new types”

of cars are powered by electricity

autoevolution.com, autoviva.com, toyota-global.com, handelsblatt.com, electrive.net


Electric micro vehicles can help to relieve road trafficEspecially in cities, resources are finite

Cities are growing and growing, but crowded already today, e.g. Bangkok:

about 10m private vehicles

average speed of 22kph

Properties of micro vehicles:

safe to drive and to handle (in contrast to two-wheelers)

reduced area requirement, e.g. traffic and parking

reduced environmental impact (low weight, noise…)

shared use potentiates the mentioned advantages

bangkokpost.com, bangkok.com


The Electromobile City ScooterA vehicle concept developed by Fraunhofer IAO

Features tilting technology

Feeling of driving a two-wheeler,not requiring two-wheeler experience

Online: https://blog.iao.fraunhofer.de/verkehrsbelastung-reduzieren-fahrfreude-erhohen-potenziale-nutzen-der-electromobile-city-scooter/

Stability at low speeds

Takes up little space in traffic

Has a very small turning cycle

https://blog.iao.fraunhofer.de/verkehrsbelastung-reduzieren-fahrfreude-erhohen-potenziale-nutzen-der-electromobile-city-scooter/


TRIVE: developed of a micro vehicle in a research project…supported by Fraunhofer and University of Stuttgart

Online: http://www.muse.iao.fraunhofer.de/de/ueber-uns/teams/mobility-concepts-and-infrastructure/entwicklung-mikrofahrzeug.html

Characteristics:

Three-wheel BEV

Max. speed: 65km/h

Range: 50-60 km

Portable battery packs

Weight: 140 kg (incl. battery)

Height: ca. 1500 mm

Length: < 1000 mm

Further project partners: Funded by:

https://blog.iao.fraunhofer.de/verkehrsbelastung-reduzieren-fahrfreude-erhohen-potenziale-nutzen-der-electromobile-city-scooter/


Electric micro vehicles are seductive already todayUnfortunately, conventional cars still offer more for less

Renault Twizy

Handling like a go-kart

Electric engine, locally emission free (100km of range)

Few weather protection, no boot

About 86,000 MYR (690,000 THB)

autoviva.com, perodua.com.my

Perodua Axia

Conventional drivetrain (200km of range)

Doors with windows, four seats, boot, air conditioning

About 30,000 MYR (241,000 THB)

Promote development of competitive electric micro vehicles!

Examples:


Digitalization makes everyday tasks easier and easierFor example, looking for a parking space

(Dynamic) Parking management of carpark operators and city administrations

Parking management and charginginfrastructure: iCurb by IAO

Soon, sensors are notnecessary any more

signal.ch, wordpress.com, strassenverkehrstechnik-online.de


Digitalization makes everyday tasks easier and easierFor example, travelling with public transport

Provide passengers with every necessaryinformation, influence traffic accordingto the passengers (as best as possible)

Show alternatives andallow to book them

e.g.

hochbahn.de, thetechmap.com, directline.de

Control oftraffic lights

Controlcenter

Real-timeinformation

Bus stopwithdisplay

Personaldevice


Digitalization makes everyday tasks easier and easierFor example, change usage of cars

Keyword: sharing economy

Car sharing becomes more and more popular

conventional andelectric cars

station-based orfree-floating

numerous projects(in rural areas)

Also popular: sharing ofe-scooters (e.g. Coup byBosch and emmy in Berlin,Scoot in San Francisco)

Digitalization is avery strong driverof car sharing

carsharing-news.de, theusbport.com, motomobil.at


Private cars will further on play a very important role…but alternatives can gain acceptance quite fast

Solutions to relieve road traffic are already perceptible

Public transport remains the most efficient and eco-friendly solution

Sharing of (e-)cars also can help to reduce motorized individual transport and offers revenue potential

Support foundation of platforms for (e-)car sharing, do not leave them to foreign companies!

Enable usage of public transport together with car sharing, e.g. one ticket for all systems and platforms!

Thanks to digitalization, smartphoneshelp to…

…find and usepublic transport

…pinpointaccident-prone areas(developmentof KMITL)

bangkokpost.com, 148apps.com


The various alternative drivetrain technologiesElectrification keeps on playing a very important role

Strukturstudie BWe mobil 2015

Conventionalvehicle

Electrifiedconventional

vehicle

Hybridvehicle

Plug-inhybridvehicle

Rangeext. el.vehicle

Batteryel. vehicle

(BEV)

Fuel cellvehicle

Fuel tank

Combust.engine

Tractionbattery

Electricallyoptim. engine

Hydrogen tank

Electric engine /Generator

Fuel cell

Electrified ancillarycomponents

Influence of the electrification of the drivetrain

Promising electric cars: Chevrolet Bolt EV (?), Tesla Model 3


Characteristics of the partially electrified drivesSome facts to allow an evaluation

Important for manufacturers tomeet regulations (from about 2020:95g CO2/km is the limit in the EU)

Electrification of conventionalvehicles shall reduce emissions

Hybrid vehicles and especiallyPlug-in hybrid vehicles show verylow consumption in in the NEDC

The Idea: Conventional drivingon motorways, electric drivingin urban areas

But: Conventional driving on motorways is very inefficient due to highweight of vehicle and its battery

Electrifiedconventional

vehicle

Hybridvehicle

Plug-inhybridvehicle


Characteristics of Battery electric and Fuel cell vehiclesSome facts to allow an evaluation

Range extended electric vehiclescarry their own power generator

need fuel, models have not beensuccessful so far (Chevy Volt etc.)

Battery el. vehicles (BEVs) do allowdriving without emissions and canbe integrated into the power grid

Fuel cell vehicles can be refueledvery fast

Disadvantages of Fuel cell vehicles: the range is limited (Toyota Mirai:<< 500 km) and today only a small number of fuel stations is available

Relating to renewable energies and hydrogen for Fuel cell vehicles some clever solutions are possible, but there is still a very long way to go

Rangeext. el.vehicle

Fuel cellvehicle

suedeutsche.de

Batteryel. vehicle

(BEV)


Goods will further on be handed over by humans…but those humans do not drive trucks any more

Cargo bikes for deliveries, testedin various (regional) projects

Automated delivery truck that isable to follow the postman

sueddeutsche.com, rp-online.de

Note: whether automated or not, (nearly) all of those “new types” of carsare powered by electricity


Further fields of application for alternative drivetrainsPublic transport can benefit a lot from electricity

Expansion of the public transport system is necessary to prevent transport collapse

Hybrid and fully electric buses (and cabs) are still expensive, but can increase the impact of a locally emission free public transport

Available vehicles already work very well, but sometimes more intensive testing before regular operation is advisable!

volvobuses.com, eco-business.com

Hybrid electric bus Fully electric bus Fully electric cab


Comparison of the alternative drivetrain technologiesFor the next years, electric vehicles are the best choice

Not just “refueling in public spaces”, but also the possibility of an intelligent combination with renewable energies and the power grid is important:

Hydrogen Electricity Gasoline

Ava

ilab

. o

f f.

sta

tio

ns

Today, only a small number of fuel stations

available

Everywhere, with preparations even at

home

The benchmark, unfortunately

Ran

ge

Not as good as communicated so far

Becomingbetter and better

The benchmark, unfortunately

Co

mb

i-n

ati

on

Subject of research

Close to market introduction (Smart

Home; charging just up to 4 €/100km)

Not possible (at leastnot sustainable)


Developments to make BEVs even more suitable for everyday life

“Refuel” your car within half an hour - everywhere

Although a lot of standardization already has taken place, various plugs are available and nearly each offers a different power

The Type 2 AC plug (up to 43 kW) and the Combo 2 DC plug are the “systems of choice” and pushed by relevant organizations

Type 2

Type 1

Combo 2

Inductive charging will make the use of electric vehicles much easier, after standardization has been successful

For this, additional technologies like localization as well as for the future also automated driving play an important role

Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG, Fraunhofer ISE


Charging infrastructure in urban and rural areasPublic transport also has to be considered

For dissemination of private electric vehicles, first charging infrastructure (with cable or wireless) at home as well as at work is mandatory

For buses that are on the road all the day there are different approaches:

abb.com, siemens.com, BOMBARDIER

Pantograph (150kW for 3-6 minutesat the bus route’s end points)

Inductive charging (200kW for 30 secondsat two intermediate bus stops)

Charging pad

Coolingsystem


Developments besides cars to push automated drivingPreparation of the infrastructure for electric vehicles

Tesla Snakebot autocharger prototype(nothing heard about it since 2015)

Shall not need to know the position of theelectric vehicle to detect its socket

Autoples - automated parking and charging

Vehicle finds its parking space without driver,charging robot knows position of the vehicle

Stuttgart, Parkhaus „Hofdienergarage“Schellingstraße 25B, 6th floor

Autonomous driving and inductive charging(right: demonstration at IAA 2015)

For public and private spaces - in combinationwith renewable energies the solution of choice

bidnessetc.com, elektroniknet.de


Bidirectional charging offers new business modelsEspecially owners of solar panels can save money

Transfer of energy from the grid (local or regional) to a vehicle and back from there to the grid when needed

Today, especially interesting for private persons with solar panels at home: Solar power, if not consumed, is stored in the battery of the vehicle and fed back when the sun has gone

Based on bidirectional charging, new business models will arise in public spaces soon (e.g., allow a provider to discharge your battery while parking if it is recharged on return…)

=

renewable energy sourcespredominantly fossil fuels

Private prosumer with solar panels, bidirectional charging infrastructure and electric vehicle

Triebke, Borrmann (2017)


Fraunhofer IAO Micro Smart Grid (MSG)BEVs in an intelligent grid of renewable energy sourcesIntelligent energy and vehicle management

The MSG including production and storage components enables optimal usage of locally generated energy

EcoGuru - an innovative system for vehicle management - controls the charging sessions of electric vehicles

In combination, the MSG and EcoGurusupport the decarbonization of both traffic and electricity production.

DC

AC

P

Energymanagem.

Fleet userFleet manager

Wind turbine

LOHC hydr.stor. system

Photovoltaics

Electricvehicles

Li-ion batt. Power electr.

Charginginfrastr.

Online: www.muse.iao.fraunhofer.de/de/ueber-uns/labors/living-lab-micro-smart-grid.html

http://www.muse.iao.fraunhofer.de/de/ueber-uns/labors/living-lab-micro-smart-grid.html


Energy supply for a large number of electric vehiclesPrerequisites for e-mobility - aside the mobility

E-mobility needs a strong grid!

In the long term, a nationwide charging infrastructure is essential

More renewable energy sources are necessary for a really emission free e-mobility

Expansion of renewable energies and network require time, money and patience…

…but imagine to be independent of the oil price as your mobility is powered by sun and wind alone

Charging stations Li-ion battery

Power electronics

Hydrogen storage

Solar panelsWind turbine

Fraunhofer IAO Micro Smart Grid in Stuttgart - mobility without fossil fuels


Summary and conclusionA few things you should keep in mind

E-mobility will be part of our lives already very soon

Along with it, interesting changes take place (micro vehicles, sharing of vehicles…)

Setbacks will occur, but it’s worth to overcome them

As one of the most efficient regions in the world, take the given opportunities!

sueddeutsche.de


THANK YOU VERY MUCHFOR YOUR ATTENTION

…RESEARCH AND SOLUTIONS FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD

Daniel Borrmann

Mobility Innovation

Fraunhofer IAO | Nobelstraße 12 | 70569 Stuttgart, Germany

Phone: +49 (0)711 / 970-2030

E-mail: [email protected]

Documents

ON THE ROAD TO E MOBILITY: CHANCES AND ESSENTIAL … · Also popular: sharing of e-scooters (e.g. Coup by Bosch and emmy in Berlin, Scoot in San Francisco) ... efficient and eco-friendly