Ocean Productivity and Export Flux Data derived from satellite:
Biomass (concentration, type)TemperatureLightWindsEddiesSea Ice
Data requiring modelsMixed layerGrazingSinking and advection of POC/DOC
There is a large list of non-NASA missions for key data types above. Issues are calibration, validation, data availability, tool for using data, integration of data with models, etc.
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Second generation
Global Imager
Drake Passage: Ice concentration vs Chl-aIce measured by SSM/I-F13 Bootstraps algorithm, Chl: SPGANT using SeaWiFS
Ice concentration is mean for squares 1-3 (next slide), Chl-SPGANT is mean for squares 1-4 (next slide)
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Second generation
Global Imager
21
3
4
4
Second generation
Global ImagerHigh Resolution AMSR-E 89 GHz Sea Ice http://iup.physik.uni-bremen.de/iuppage/psa/2001/amsrop.html
Daily sea ice maps are provided by a small group at University of Bremen using data from JAXAs AMSR-E sensor on NASA's Aqua Satellite (since May, 2002) . The main problem is data access and usability:NSIDC may have all the best data but it is hard to find.The differences between NASA group and the bootstraps algorithms are confusing•The University of Bremen group provides easy to use HDF data of a single variable: ice concentration. •The NSIDC AMSR-E datasets have 64 (!) different products, including ice concentration but at lower spatial resolution.
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Second generation
Global Imager
1. Mission Concept of GCOM and SGLI1.1 Mission target
Global Climate Observation Mission (GCOM) GCOM-W (water) satellite series #1~3 (Jan. 2012~, 13 years)
Sensor: AMSR-2 which is a follow-on sensor of AMSR-E on AquaGCOM-C (climate) satellite series #1~3 (early 2014 (TBD) ~, 13
years) Sensor: Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) which is a radiometer of 380-12000nm, 250m-1km resolution, and 1150-1400km swath, as a follow-on mission of ADEOS-II/GLI.
Targets of GCOM-C are followings.Establishment of long-term observation system for the global carbon cycle and radiation budgetIntegrated use with other earth observation systemsContribution to numerical climate models (driving force, outputs comparison, and parameter tuning)Contribution to operational use (weather forecast, monitoring of meteorological disaster, fishery..)Enhancement of new satellite data usability
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Second generation
Global Imager
GCOM-WWater cycle change observation satellite
Major observation targets of GCOM
Water vapor
Soilmoisture
Precipi-tation
Sea surface
wind
Snow depth
Above-ground
biomass
Land surfaceTemp.
Vegetationproduction
Ocean color
Snow surface
propertiesCloud liquidwater
Cloud properties Sea ice
concentration
Snow Icedistribution Sea
surfaceTemp.
Sea surfaceTemp.
Snow surfaceTemp.
GCOM-C observation targetsRadiation budget Carbon cycle
AtmosphereCloud and aerosol changes and Ratia
tive forcing
CryosphereIce-albedo feedback in global warmi
ng
LandCarbon cycle
and vegetation production
OceanCarbon and
heat pool and coastal
environment
2. GCOM-C products and SGLI design- 2.1 mission target and product groups
Land cover
Aerosolproperties
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Second generation
Global Imager
2. GCOM-C products and SGLI design- 2.5 GCOM-C products and SGLI channels
VNR channels IRS channels
Specifications of SGLI, such as center wavelengths, band width, SNR, and dynamic range, are designed in consideration of retrieval algorithms of the observation targets.
Blue Green RedYellow
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Second generation
Global Imager
SGLI channels
CH Lstd Lmax SNR at Lstd IFOV
VN, P, SW: nmT: m
VN, P: W/m2/sr/m
T: Kelvin
VN, P, SW: -
T: NETm
VN1 380 10 60 210 250 250VN2 412 10 75 250 400 250VN3 443 10 64 400 300 250VN4 490 10 53 120 400 250VN5 530 20 41 350 250 250VN6 565 20 33 90 400 250VN7 670 10 23 62 400 250VN8 670 20 25 210 250 250VN9 763 8 40 350 400 1000
VN10 865 20 8 30 400 250VN11 865 20 30 300 200 250
P1 670 20 25 250 250 1000P2 865 20 30 300 250 1000
SW1 1050 20 57 248 500 1000SW2 1380 20 8 103 150 1000SW3 1640 200 3 50 57 250SW4 2210 50 1.9 20 211(TBD) 1000T1 10.8 0.7 300 340 0.2 500T2 12.0 0.7 300 340 0.2 500
• Targets are carbon cycle and radiation budget relating to the global environmental change.
• SGLI’ll observe aerosols, cloud, vegetation, ocean color, sea/land surface temperature, snow/ice, and so on for more than 13 years.
• The SGLI features are finer spatial resolution (250m (VNI) and 500m (T)) and polarization/along-track slant view channels (P), which will improve land, coastal, and aerosol observations.
GCOM-C SGLI characteristics (baseline of GCOM-C1 BBM design)Orbit (TBD) Sun-synchronous (descending local time: 10:30)
Altitude: 798km, Inclination: 98.6degLaunch Date Jan. 2013 (HII-A)Mission Life 5 years (3 satellites; total 13 years)Scan Push-broom electric scan (VNR: VN & P)
Wisk-broom mechanical scan (IRS: SW & T)Scan width 1150km cross track (VNR: VN & P)
1400km cross track (IRS: SW & T)Digitalization 12bitPolarization 3 polarization angles for PAlong track direction
Nadir for VN, SW and T, +45 deg and -45 deg for P
On-board calibration
VN: Solar diffuser, Internal lamp (PD), Lunar by pitch maneuvers, and dark current by masked pixels and nighttime obs.
SW: Solar diffuser, Internal lamp, Lunar, and dark current by deep space window
T: Black body and dark current by deep space window
All: Electric calibration
2. GCOM-C products and SGLI design- 2.7 GCOM-C/SGLI design
Visible & Near infrared push-broom Radiometer (VNR)
Polarization (along-track slant) radiometer (P)
shortwave & thermal InfraRed (T) Scanner (IRS)
SGLI : Second generation GLobal Imager
Multi-angle obs. for 670nm and 865nm
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Second generation
Global Imager
(a) GLI 1km Osaka Bay (1 Oct. 2003, CHL by LCI)
(b) GLI 250m Osaka Bay (1 Oct. 2003, CHL by LCI)
SGLI 250m resolution will enable to detect more fine structure in the coastal area such as river outflow, regional blooms, and small current.
250m Ocean color chlorophyll-a and NDVI simulated using GLI 250m channels
Hiroshi Murakami, Mitsuhiro Toratani and Hajime Fukushima, Satellite ocean color observation with 250 m spatial resolution using ADEOS-II GLI, Remote Sensing of the Marine Environment, Proceedings of SPIE, Volume 6406-05, Nov. 28, 2006
3. Examples of expected GCOM-C product3. Examples of expected GCOM-C product- 3.4 VNR 250m land and coastal observation- 3.4 VNR 250m land and coastal observation
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Second generation
Global Imager
Japanese Financial Year Apr~ 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Events (launch, evaluations) Project start
System PDR
System CDR C1 launch Data Release
Mission result
evaluationC2 Launch
Research announcement RA#1 RA#2 RA#3Workshop WS#0 WS#1 WS#2 WS#3 WS#4 WS#5 WS#6 WS#7 WS#8 WS#9 WS#10
Product release, version up Ver.1
Ver.2
C-1&2 Ver.3
Algorithm implementPLI-1 (using other satellite data)
PLI-2 (for the operational system)
Ver.1 development
Improvement with product version up
Implement for C2
(=Ver.2.5)
Version-up implement
Algorithm development/ improvement phase
1. Initial development phase
2. Performance development phase
3. Operational algorithm development phase
4. Post-launch development and improvement phaseInitial validation
Sensor development/ calibration phase
1. Design and trial manufacturing
2. Sensor manufacturing & performance tests 3. Initial calibration phase
4. Operational phase
4. GCOM-C Project Timeline- 4.1 GCOM-C algorithm development and validation schedule (TBD)
•Examination of the implementability of new algorithms, and improvement of the existing algorithms
•Develop using other satellite or in-situ observations
•Correspond to the sensor design results.
•Evaluate & improve candidate algorithm performance (theoretical performance + processing stability)
•Obtain in-situ data, develop and validate algorithms, and examine applications
•Pre-launch algorithm implementation-1 (PLI-1) for checking the algorithm theoretical performance and satellite data applicability based on the above results.
•Correspond to the satellite sensor design and performance tests.
•Based on the PLI-1 results, improve the at-launch version of operational codes
•Pre-launch implementation-2 (PLI-2) for checking flow and performance of the real processing
•Intensive verification and improvement for Ver.1 data release as an initial validation phase for about one year after the launch
•Validate and improve (version up) algorithms using SGLI observation data
•Obtain in-situ data required for algorithm development, validation and improvement
•develop and validate research/new algorithms, and develop new usage of the products
BBM EMPFM
TBDTBD
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Second generation
Global Imager
Japanese Financial Year Apr~ 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Events (launch, evaluations) Project start
System PDR
System CDR C1 launch Data Release
Mission result
evaluationC2 Launch
Research announcement RA#1 RA#2 RA#3Workshop WS#0 WS#1 WS#2 WS#3 WS#4 WS#5 WS#6 WS#7 WS#8 WS#9 WS#10
Product release, version up Ver.1
Ver.2
C-1&2 Ver.3
Algorithm implementPLI-1 (using other satellite data)
PLI-2 (for the operational system)
Ver.1 development
Improvement with product version up
Implement for C2
(=Ver.2.5)
Version-up implement
Algorithm development/ improvement phase
1. Initial development phase
2. Performance development phase
3. Operational algorithm development phase
4. Post-launch development and improvement phaseInitial validation
Sensor development/ calibration phase
1. Design and trial manufacturing
2. Sensor manufacturing & performance tests
3. Initial calibration phase
4. Operational phase
4. GCOM-C Project Timeline- 4.2 GCOM-C calibration schedule (TBD)
BBM EMPFM
TBD
•Investigate influence and correction methods of sensor design characteristics
•Reflect the results to the radiometric and geometric sensor models developed in the BBM phase.
•Investigate influence and correction methods of manufactured sensor characteristics in EM and PFM
•Reflect the results to Level-1 algorithm and calibration coefficient tables which are used for the at-launch processing
•Post-launch calibration (1) Radiometric calibration, (2) Sensor characterization and image quality evaluation,
(3) vicarious/cross calibration,
(4) Moon calibration, and (5) geometric calibration•Improve and keep the accuracy of level-1 products by applying the calibration results to the processing algorithm.
•Improve and keep the accuracy of long-term data by continuing (1)~(5) and applying their results to the processing algorithm.
•Reflect sensor characterization and calibration results to the following GCOM-C#.
TBD
Scheduled Ocean-Color Sensors of China, India and Korea
SENSOR AGENCY SATELLITE SCHEDULEDLAUNCH
SWATH(km)
RESOLUTION(m)
# OFBANDS
SPECTRALCOVERAGE
(nm)ORBIT
GOCI KARI/KORDI COMS-1(Korea) June 2009 2500 500 8 400 - 865 Geostationar
y
COCTS CNSA (China) HY-1C or HY-2A 2009?? 1400 1100 10 102-12500 Polar
OCM-2 ISRO (India)
Oceansat-2 (India) Sept 2008 1420 1 - 4 km 8 400 - 900 Polar
Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) in KOREA
- is scheduled to be launched onboard Communication Ocean & Meteorological Satellite (COMS) in June 2009.
– Detecting short term biophysical phenomena requires highfrequency observation.– Conventional PO satellite hardly observe the ocean colorwith high frequency.– Reducing cloud problem in OC sensor.* The altitude of GEO satellite is 35,786km* Polar sun synchronous orbit : ~780kmCourtesy of Ahn (2008), report to IOCCG 13th meeting
Courtesy of Ahn (2008), report to IOCCG 13th meeting
GCOI Technical Specification
GCOI Technical Specification
Courtesy of Ahn (2008), report to IOCCG 13th meeting
Courtesy of Navalgund (2008) report to 13th IOCCG meeting
India OCEANSAT-2 Launch planned late 2008
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Second generation
Global Imager
Future Satellite Mission Timelines*
Mark R. DrinkwaterEuropean Space Agency
Earth Observation Programmes
*See last slides for modification record
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Second generation
Global Imager
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
Ocean Surface Topography
Planned/Pending approval
In orbit Approved
TOPEX/POSEIDONJason-1
RA-2/Envisat
Medium accuracy (SSH) from high-inclination orbit
High accuracy (SSH) from mid-inclination orbit
CRYOSAT-2/LRMAltiKa/OceanSat-3
ICESATGFO
RA/ERS-2SRAL/GMES S-3A
Alt/HY-2BAlt/HY-2A
OSTM/Jason-3 OSTM/Jason-2
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Second generation
Global Imager
IPY
GODAE
Geoid and Salinity Missions
CHAMP
GRACE
SMOS
GOCE
Gravity/Geoid missions (for absolute circulation)
Salinity
In orbit Approved Planned/Pending approval
AQUARIUS
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
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Second generation
Global Imager
IPY
GODAE
Ocean Winds
SSMI/DMSP
In orbit Approved Planned/Pending approval
SSMI/DMSP
ASCAT/METOP-A,B,C
Seawinds/ADEOS-2
Seawinds/QuikSCAT
WINDSAT
AMSR-E/EOS-Aqua
Vector Wind
Scalar Wind
AMSR2/GCOM-W1
Ku-Scat/Oceansat-2
AMI/ERS
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
Ku-Scat/HY-2A
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Second generation
Global Imager
IPY
GODAE
ASAR/Envisat C-band
SAR for Oil pollution, sea ice and sea-state
Planned/Pending approvalIn orbit Approved
PALSAR/ALOS L-band
RADARSAT-3
COSMO-SKYMED X-band
TERRASAR-X X-band
GMES S-1AAMI/ERS
RADARSAT-2 C-bandRADARSAT-1 C-band
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
C-, X-band/HY-3
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Second generation
Global Imager
IPY
GODAE
ASAR/Envisat C-band
Sea Ice (Concentration, Extent, Drift, Thickness)
Planned/Pending approvalIn orbit Approved
MODIS/EOS-Terra
PALSAR/ALOS L-band RADARSAT-3
COSMO-SKYMED X-bandTERRASAR-X X-band
MODIS & AMSR-E/EOS-Aqua
ICESAT
SMOSWindSat
SRAL/GMES S-3A
GMES S-1AMI/ERS
Drif
tTh
ickn
ess
AMSR2/GCOM-W1
Con
cent
ratio
n
RADARSAT-2 C-bandRADARSAT-1 C-band
Seawinds/QuikSCAT
OLS & SSMI/DMSP—AVHRR & AMSU/NOAA
CRYOSAT-2
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
NPOESS C1 VIIRS/NPP
COCTS/HY-1BCOCTS/HY-1ARad/HY-2A
ICESAT-2
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Second generation
Global Imager
Ice Sheets (Accum, Melt, Dynamics, Thickness; Mass Variability)
Dyn
amic
s/
Mas
s Fl
uxA
ltim
etry
/ G
ravi
tyA
lbed
o/A
ccum
/Mel
t
IPY
AMI/ERS ASAR/Envisat C-
band
Seawinds/QuikSCAT
COSMO-SKYMED X band
ICESAT SRAL/GMES S-3ACRYOSAT-2GRACE
GOCE
OLS & SSMI/DMSP—AVHRR & AMSU/NOAAMODIS/EOS-Terra
MODIS & AMSR-E/EOS-Aqua AMSR/GCOM-W1Ku-Scat/Oceansat-2
ICESAT-2
TERRASAR X band
PALSAR/ALOS L-band
GMES S-1 RADARSAT-3 RADARSAT-2 C-bandRADARSAT-1 C-band
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
NPOESS C1 VIIRS/NPP
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Second generation
Global Imager
IPY
Sea & Ice Surface Temperature
WINDSAT
MOS/IRS-P3
ADEOS-2
SLST/GMES S-3A
SGLI/GCOM-C1
**Geostationary sats: GOES, MSG contribute - but not shown
CBERS-4 CBERS-3 CBERS-2BOptical
Microwave
NPOESS C1
In orbit Approved
Planned/Pending approval
AATSR/ENVISAT
MODIS & AMSR-E/EOS-Aqua
ATSR/ERS-2
HY-1B
FY-3A, B,.. (VIRR/MODI)FY-1DFY-1C
AVHRR/METOP-A,B,C am orbit
MODIS/EOS-Terra/10:30
AMSR/GCOM-W1TMI/TRMM
VIIRS/NPP am
AVHRR/NOAA am orbitAVHRR/NOAA pm orbit
GODAE
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
CBERS-2
HY-1
MSMR/Oceansat-1Rad/HY-2A
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Second generation
Global Imager
IPY
In orbit Approved Planned/Pending approval
AVHRR/NOAA am orbit
Ocean Colour
MODIS/EOS-Aqua
MODIS/EOS-Terra/10:30
MERIS/ENVISAT
ADEOS-2
SeaWiFS/SEASTAR
SGLI/GCOM-C1
OCM-2/Oceansat-2MOS/IRS-P3
PARASOL-POLDER
OCM/IRS-P4/Oceansat-1 COTS/HY-1B
FY-3A, B,.. (VIRR/MODI)FY-1DFY-1C
OLC/GMES S-3A
AVNIR-2/ALOS
GODAE
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
NPOESS C1
COCTS/HY-1
VIIRS/NPP am