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Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Metabolic network analysis Optimization-based methods Laszlo David Mathematics in Life Sciences Freie Universität Berlin 29 October, 2010 Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

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Page 1: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Metabolic network analysisOptimization-based methods

Laszlo David

Mathematics in Life SciencesFreie Universität Berlin

29 October, 2010

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 2: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

1 Flux Balance Analysis

2 Flux Variability Analysis

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 3: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Linear Programming

What is linear programming?

Linear programming is a technique for the optimization of alinear objective function, subject to linear equality and linearinequality constraints.

A linear program in standard form

min ctxs.t . Ax = b

x ≥ 0

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 4: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Linear Programming

What is linear programming?

Linear programming is a technique for the optimization of alinear objective function, subject to linear equality and linearinequality constraints.

A linear program in standard form

min ctxs.t . Ax = b

x ≥ 0

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 5: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Optimization-based methods

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 6: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Flux Balance Analysis

MotivationGiven a metabolic network find the most suitable fluxdistribution for a certain task.

Example tasksOptimal flux distribution for biomass production (growth).Minimize ATP production to guarantee optimal metabolicenergy efficiency.Maximize the production of a chosen metabolite todetermine production capabilities of a given network.

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 7: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Flux Balance Analysis

MotivationGiven a metabolic network find the most suitable fluxdistribution for a certain task.

Example tasksOptimal flux distribution for biomass production (growth).Minimize ATP production to guarantee optimal metabolicenergy efficiency.Maximize the production of a chosen metabolite todetermine production capabilities of a given network.

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 8: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Flux Balance Analysis

MotivationGiven a metabolic network find the most suitable fluxdistribution for a certain task.

Example tasksOptimal flux distribution for biomass production (growth).Minimize ATP production to guarantee optimal metabolicenergy efficiency.Maximize the production of a chosen metabolite todetermine production capabilities of a given network.

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 9: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Flux Balance Analysis

MotivationGiven a metabolic network find the most suitable fluxdistribution for a certain task.

Example tasksOptimal flux distribution for biomass production (growth).Minimize ATP production to guarantee optimal metabolicenergy efficiency.Maximize the production of a chosen metabolite todetermine production capabilities of a given network.

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 10: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Method

Step 1.Identify an objective function Z .

Step 2.

Set bounds on the flux variables ( vmini ≤ vi ≤ vmax

i for alli ∈ {1, ...,n})

Step 3.Solve the linear program:min Z tvs.t . Sv = 0

vmin ≤ v ≤ vmax

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 11: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Method

Step 1.Identify an objective function Z .

Step 2.

Set bounds on the flux variables ( vmini ≤ vi ≤ vmax

i for alli ∈ {1, ...,n})

Step 3.Solve the linear program:min Z tvs.t . Sv = 0

vmin ≤ v ≤ vmax

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 12: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Method

Step 1.Identify an objective function Z .

Step 2.

Set bounds on the flux variables ( vmini ≤ vi ≤ vmax

i for alli ∈ {1, ...,n})

Step 3.Solve the linear program:min Z tvs.t . Sv = 0

vmin ≤ v ≤ vmax

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 13: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

FBA’s method in pictures

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 14: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

FBA’s method in pictures

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 15: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

FBA’s method in pictures

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 16: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

FBA’s method in pictures

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 17: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

1 Flux Balance Analysis

2 Flux Variability Analysis

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 18: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Flux Variability analysis

QuestionWhat happens when there are multiple flux distributions withthe same ’best’ objective value? (i.e. the set of solution is aface of the polyhedron)

ImportanceThe biological conclusions drawn fromdifferent optima can be different.

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 19: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Flux Variability analysis

QuestionWhat happens when there are multiple flux distributions withthe same ’best’ objective value? (i.e. the set of solution is aface of the polyhedron)

ImportanceThe biological conclusions drawn fromdifferent optima can be different.

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 20: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Flux Variability analysis

Idea 1Find all flux distributions that have the same ’best’ objectivevalue. (Computationally expensive)

Idea 2Instead of finding all flux distributions, find the range in whichthe fluxes vary. (Flux variability analysis)

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 21: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Flux Variability analysis

Idea 1Find all flux distributions that have the same ’best’ objectivevalue. (Computationally expensive)

Idea 2Instead of finding all flux distributions, find the range in whichthe fluxes vary. (Flux variability analysis)

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 22: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Example

Flux variability analysis

Solve the linear program for all j ∈ {1, ...,n}:min/max vj

s.t . Sv = 0vmin ≤ v ≤ vmax

Z tv = Zobj

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 23: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Example

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 24: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Summary: Optimization based methods

Advantages

For an objective function we get a ’fast’ answer what theoptimal flux distribution is.Successfully employed for several microorganisms.

DrawbacksSensitivity to the definition of objective function.Optimal flux distribution might not be unique.Microorganisms could use different optimization criteriadepending on their environment.The exploration of all suitable objective function is a difficulttask.

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 25: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Summary: Optimization based methods

Advantages

For an objective function we get a ’fast’ answer what theoptimal flux distribution is.Successfully employed for several microorganisms.

DrawbacksSensitivity to the definition of objective function.Optimal flux distribution might not be unique.Microorganisms could use different optimization criteriadepending on their environment.The exploration of all suitable objective function is a difficulttask.

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 26: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Summary: Optimization based methods

Advantages

For an objective function we get a ’fast’ answer what theoptimal flux distribution is.Successfully employed for several microorganisms.

DrawbacksSensitivity to the definition of objective function.Optimal flux distribution might not be unique.Microorganisms could use different optimization criteriadepending on their environment.The exploration of all suitable objective function is a difficulttask.

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 27: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Summary: Optimization based methods

Advantages

For an objective function we get a ’fast’ answer what theoptimal flux distribution is.Successfully employed for several microorganisms.

DrawbacksSensitivity to the definition of objective function.Optimal flux distribution might not be unique.Microorganisms could use different optimization criteriadepending on their environment.The exploration of all suitable objective function is a difficulttask.

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 28: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Summary: Optimization based methods

Advantages

For an objective function we get a ’fast’ answer what theoptimal flux distribution is.Successfully employed for several microorganisms.

DrawbacksSensitivity to the definition of objective function.Optimal flux distribution might not be unique.Microorganisms could use different optimization criteriadepending on their environment.The exploration of all suitable objective function is a difficulttask.

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 29: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Summary: Optimization based methods

Advantages

For an objective function we get a ’fast’ answer what theoptimal flux distribution is.Successfully employed for several microorganisms.

DrawbacksSensitivity to the definition of objective function.Optimal flux distribution might not be unique.Microorganisms could use different optimization criteriadepending on their environment.The exploration of all suitable objective function is a difficulttask.

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods

Page 30: Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis · 2010. 11. 3. · Flux Balance Analysis Flux Variability Analysis Flux Balance Analysis Motivation Given a metabolic network find

Flux Balance AnalysisFlux Variability Analysis

Questions

Questions?

Laszlo David Optimization-based methods