Network Fundamentals
Network Fundamentals
Network Fundamentals
Network Fundamentals
Network Fundamentals
Network Devices
Routers (Layer 3)
Network Devices
Switches (Layer 2, Layer 4-7)
Routers (Layer 3)
Network Devices
Firewalls
Switches (Layer 2, Layer 4-7)
Routers (Layer 3)
Network Devices
DSL ModemCable ModemWireless ModemSatellite Modem
Firewalls
Switches (Layer 2, Layer 4-7)
Routers (Layer 3)
Circuits
• Ethernet • LSS• DSL• SONET• T1
- P:P- Frame Relay
Node Addressing• Every device on the Internet has a unique IP Address
• IPv4 IP Addresses• 4.3 Trillion Addresses (232)• 123.123.123.123 dotted decimal notation
• IPv6 IP Addresses• Lots of addresses (2128)• 21ED: 201A: C400: 8AF2: 01CC: 2000: 1A1E: 5722
• Subnet Mask determines network portion of address and host portion of address
• Public Address Space versus Private Address Space
OSI Protocol Stack
OSI Protocol Stack
• Add header information to packet as it leaves a device.
• Strip header information as a packet is received.
Network Protocols• Routing
• IGP (EIGRP, RIP, IS-IS, OSPF … )• EGP (BGP)
• ICMP – Ping
• 802.1Q – Layer 2 Trunking
• 802. 1x – Network Access Control
• QoS – Quality of Service• Traffic Prioritization• DSCP Value Affects Queuing
Network Protocols• DNS
• ARP
• MPLS (Layer 2 ½)• Virtualizes the network (VRFs)• Enables network security• Pseudo-wire• Jumbo frames
Routing In Action
Routing In Action
Security
• Network Security
• Data Security
Data Security• Use Strong Passwords
• Drive Encryption 1101001011000101
• Browsing behavior• Browser Security Settings• Suspicious or unsolicited email with attachments or links
• Virus Protection
• Application Layer Encryption (SSL, HTTPS, traditional apps)
(continued …)
Data Security
• VPN Session• Client• Site to Site
• Direct Connection to businesses
Network Security
• ACLs on network gear
• Network Access Control (802.1x)
• Firewalls
• IDS / IPS
• MPLS
• VPN Concentrators
(Continued … )
Network Security
• Content Filters
• Rate limiting / shaping appliance
• NAT / PAT addressing
•ACS server
Consolidation
(Continued … )
Consolidation
(Continued … )
Consolidation
Network Convergence
What is Unified Communications (UC)?
Network Convergence
UC is the integration of real-time communications services (chat, presence information, telephony, video) with non-real-time communications services (voicemail, email, SMS, fax) - Wikipedia
What is Unified Communications (UC)?
Network Convergence
• Integrated network that carries voice, video, and data
• Where is the State of Utah headed?
• Converting ISDN video to IP video, removing a parallel network
• VoIP trial in production (Continued … )
Network Convergence• Where is the State of Utah headed? (cont …)
• VoIP / UC RFP in late October• Trunking reduced• Network bandwidth requirements rise • Elimination of intrastate long distance
• Concerns: • Bandwidth• Quality of service• Network delay• Jitter• Latency
Virtualization
• Network• MPLS – Virtual Route Contexts• Frame Relay – DLCIs• ATM – VCs • Ethernet – EVCs
• Servers• VMware on blade chassis
• Desktops• VHDs – Virtual Hosted Desktop on server• Stream OS and / or apps to PC• Network Versus Server Versus Desktop Intensive
Data Center Consolidation
Wi - Fi
• 802.11 Access Points• “Open” Guest Network• Secure, Encrypted Sessions
Wi - Fi
• 802.11 Bridge Mode
Operations• Data Network Operations Personnel
• Monitor Data Network• Resolve Outages• Configure Network Services
• Voice Network Operations Personnel• Monitor Voice Network• Resolve Outages• MACs
Wouldn’t it be nice to consolidate these two groups into a single point of contact?
Telecommuting
Telecommuting
Telecommuting
Industry Trends
Cloud Computing / SaaS
Consolidation / Virtualization
Review
Review
Review
Thank you
Questions? …