(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)
Observed Changes in Observed Changes in Oceanic Climate and Sea LevelOceanic Climate and Sea Level
Primary Source: Primary Source:
IPCC WG-I Chapter 5 - Observations: Oceanic Climate Change and Sea LevelIPCC WG-I Chapter 5 - Observations: Oceanic Climate Change and Sea Level
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)
Ocean Temperature ObservationsOcean Temperature Observations
Observations per 1˚ boxObservations per 1˚ box
• red: > 20red: > 20
• green: 2-5green: 2-5
• blue: 1blue: 1
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)
Tide Gauge DistributionTide Gauge Distribution
(for sea level)(for sea level)
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)
Ocean Heat ContentOcean Heat Content
(upper 700 m)
(upper 750 m)
PDO reversal?
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)
Trends in Ocean Heat ContentTrends in Ocean Heat Content
(1955-2003)
Red: > 0.25 W mRed: > 0.25 W m-2-2
Blue: < - 0.25 W mBlue: < - 0.25 W m-2-2
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)
Trends in Zonal Average TemperatureTrends in Zonal Average Temperature
(1955-2003)(1955-2003)Red: > 0.025 ˚C/10-yr Blue: < - 0.025 ˚C/10-yrRed: > 0.025 ˚C/10-yr Blue: < - 0.025 ˚C/10-yr
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)
Energy Content Changes in the Climate SystemEnergy Content Changes in the Climate System
2003 - 19612003 - 19612003 - 19932003 - 1993
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)
Changes in Surface Oceanic Dissolved COChanges in Surface Oceanic Dissolved CO22
StationsStations
• European European Station for Station for Time-series in Time-series in the Oceanthe Ocean
• Hawaii Ocean Hawaii Ocean Time-SeriesTime-Series
• Bermuda Bermuda Atlantic Time-Atlantic Time-series Studyseries Study
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)
Ocean Anthropogenic CarbonOcean Anthropogenic Carbon
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)
Annual Average Global Sea LevelAnnual Average Global Sea Level
Red: Reconstructed sea-level fields
Blue: Coastal tide gauges
Black: Satellite altimetry
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)
Geographic Geographic Trends in Mean Trends in Mean
Sea LevelSea Level(2003 - 1993)(2003 - 1993)
Satellite AltimetrySatellite Altimetry
Thermal ExpansionThermal Expansion
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)
Contributions to Global Sea-Level ChangeContributions to Global Sea-Level Change
Blue: 1961-2003Brown: 1993-2003
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)
Schematic of Observed ChangesSchematic of Observed Changes