Model Answer Code: AS-2896

Integrated UG/PG Biotechnology (2nd

Semester) End Semester Examination, 2014

LBZS 204: Zoology-IV (Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology)

1. MCQ

I. b) HCl hydrolyzes peptide bonds

II. c) The small intestine

III. e) Both AV valves

IV. a) The SA node

V. a) Sensory neurons

VI. a) They are all-or-none in amplitude

VII. c) The vital capacity

VIII. c) Bicarbonate

IX. d) All of these are true

X. a) hCG

2. Subjective questions.

Answer I: Following points should be discussed in brief-

Esophagus

Stomach

Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)

Large intestine (colon), rectum, and anus

Layers of the GI Tract

Mucosa

Submucosa

Serosa

Accessory Organs

Salivary glands

Liver

Pancreas

Answer II: The cellular pathways involved in the formation of blood components take place

in bone marrow by the process of hematopoiesis. In bone, marrow, hematopoietic stem cells

differentiated into myeloid progenitors and lymphoid progenitors under the influence of

specific growth factors. Myeloid progenitors give rise to RBCs, granulocytes, agranulocytes

and platelets while the lymphoid progenitors give rise to immune cells viz., B-lymphocytes

and T-lymphocytes.

Blood consists of plasma and various cells. Plasma is watery portion of blood which

constitutes about 55% of blood and contains water, plasma proteins and other organic and

inorganic components. Blood cells are described in following table-

Answer III:

(a) Electrocardiogram: Following amplitude points intervals and segments should be

explained along with the contraction and timing of heart chambers

P wave, R wave, T wave, P-R interval, S-T interval, QRS complex, P-Q segment and S-T

segment

(b) Following types of circulation should be described

Pulmonary circulation (Blood circulation to lungs for oxygenation of blood)

Systemic circulation (Blood circulation to all other organs of body except heart)

Coronary circulation (Blood circulation to heart itself)

Answer IV: Upon getting any stimulus, neurons get excited and the entire gated ion channels

play role in propagation of stimulus to the central nervous system. The permeability of the

axon membrane to Na+ and K+ depends on gated channels that open in response to

stimulation. Net diffusion of these ions occurs in two stages: first Na+ moves into the axon,

then K+ moves out. This flow of ions, and the changes in the membrane potential that result,

constitute an event called an action potential. Following points should be explained in details

along with mechanism of opening and closing of specific ion channels.

Depolarization,

Repolarization

Hyperpolarization

Saltatory movement

Answer V: Following diagram should be discussed to explain the structure and anatomy of

kidney. The function of kidney is urine formation which should be discussed including

secretion and selective re-absorption.

-70

-55

0

+35

Threshold

Time

mV

Resting potential Resting potentialAction potential

Active pumping

of Na+ out and K+

in during the

refractory period

Hyperpolarisation

of the membrane

Answer VI:

Answer VII: Following table should be described in details-