A
MINOR PROJECT REPORT
ON
ONLINE VOTING SYSYTEM
Submitted by
SHREYA BABBAR
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(COMPUTER ENGINEERING)
2007-2011
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
RAJASTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
FOR
WOMEN, BHANKROTA
JAIPUR
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to place on my record my deep sense of gratitude to my minor project in charge, Ms
Nishi Sharma, for her constant motivation and valuable help through the project work.
Express my gratitude to Mr V.S Tamra, H.O.D Computer Engineering RCEW , Jaipur for his
valuable suggestions and advices. I also extend my thanks to other Faculties for their
Cooperation during my Course.
Finally I would like to thank all my friends who have directly or indirectly helped me in completing this project.
Shreya Babbar
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PREFACE
One of the most important uses of Computers is an aid to mangers to provide update
information to efficiently run their organization & to provide timely and accurate information
to make efficient decision. “Online Voting System” is an approach to make management
system, registration, vote casting, result declaration etc easy, systematic and reduce manual
work so as to reduce complications and time.
This report covers information about all services made available in this web application, and
most importantly how to make and consume these services.
“System Analysis” is provided with a brief description of the proposed system and the
feasibility study of the system. And then the “System Requirement Specification” is provided.
In the “System Design Specification”, (both logical and conceptual designs) DFDs (Data Flow
Diagram), Use case Diagrams,Database table. The DDs (Data Dictionary) are also described.
The detailed structures of some of the tables used are also given.
“System Implementation” describes how the system is implemented, how to access
application developed and what are the minimum requirements to access the application.
After implementation we conclude the Project Documentation with a “Future Scope” followed
by “Annexure” and “Conclusion”
At last “Bibliography” contains the list of helping references.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION 5SYSTEM ANALYSIS 6
INDENTIFICATION OF NEEDS 7
FEASIBILITY STUDY 8
INTRODUCTION TO .NET FRAMEWORK 10
SRS 11
DATA FLOW DIAGRAM 22
USE CASE DIAGRAM 26
DATABASE DESIGN TABLE 27
USER INTERFACE SAMPLE SCREEN SNAPS 31
SYSTEN IMPLIMENTATION/ACHIVEMENTS 49CONLUSION 50
BIBLIOGRAPHY 52
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INTRODUCTION
A web application is an application that is accessed over a network such as the Internet or an
intranet. The term may also mean a computer software application that is hosted in a browser-
controlled environment or coded in a browser-supported language and reliant on a common
web browser to render the application executable. Used in simple office software. Browser
applications typically require little or no disk space on the client, upgrade automatically with
new features, and integrate easily into other server-side web procedures, such as email and
searching.
A "portal" is a Web application that covers a topic or industry, while "search engines" are Web
application that includes indexes to all the content on the Web. An "extranet" is a Web site that
is only for subscribers or business partners and is password protected. Portals, search engines
and extranets are all exposed to the general public via the Internet, whereas an "intranet"
(intra-net) is a Web site that resides behind a firewall, available only to employees and not the
general public. Successful web design involves more than just the creation of a beautiful piece
of art work. It is rather, the construction of a sometimes multi-purpose vehicle on the internet,
to accomplish a desired end.
The basic elements that determine the success of website design or web site construction are
appearance, usability and visibility.
The media or method used to create the appearance of a web site/application can have a direct
influence on its usability and visibility.
Web application built using the techniques of flash multimedia are very often great works of
art, and are beautiful to look at if you have the time, but are usually flops when it comes to
accomplishing their purpose.
The reason: their technology is too far ahead of average internet connection facilities. Two
thirds of internet users are still on dial up connections.
Web applications designed and constructed with HTML based media are more successful,
because they are better suited to current internet connection methods.
The two main factors that determine a webapplication’s appearance are colour and layout.
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The main factors that determine how usable a web application is are its navigational features
and its security.
How well a user can navigate the pages of a web application, and how easily they can find
what they are looking for, will often determine the length of time they spend on a web
application.
The security of information exchanged with users on a web application is crucial to the
success of business oriented sites. You must protect your client's personal information. No
web application will be successful if it isn't visible on the internet/web. The two main factors
that will determine how many people use a web application are its quality of content and its
promotional strategies.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
System Analysis refers to the process of examining a situation with the intent of improving it
through better procedures and methods. System Analysis is the process of planning a new
System to either replace or complement an existing system. But before any planning is done
the old system must be thoroughly understood and the requirements determined. System
Analysis is therefore, the process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems and
using the information to re-comment improvements in the System. Or in other words, System
Analysis means a detailed explanation or description. Before computerized a system under
consideration, it has to be analysed. We need to study how it functions currently, what are the
problems, and what are the requirements that the proposed system should meet.
Analysis is very important part of any project. Analysis allows us to understand how the
present system in working so that it becomes easier to make a new system. Without proper
analysis it is difficult to develop the new system.
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System analysis is conducted with the following objectives:
Identify the user’s need.
Evaluate the system concept for feasibility.
Perform economic and technical analysis.
Allocate functions to hardware, software, people, database and other system elements.
Establish cost and schedule constraints. Both hardware and software expertise are
required to successfully attain the objectives listed above.
Create a system definition that forms the foundation for all the subsequent engineering
work.
Identification of Needs
This step is initiation of system analysis. During this an overview of the users’ requirement
has been done. The basic need of the user to opt for such kind of project is analysed.
Computerization of the system will help a user to quick access of all the records. It also
maintains all the files in databases to provide quick access and save the time. Whenever
records are needed, they should be easily available.
Information is needed in organizations for planning, staffing and controlling purposes.
Regardless of the nature of the information required, the information should possess the
characteristics of accuracy, timeliness, completeness and relevancy. In the recent years, need
for information improvement by reports lacking one or more of these characteristics and by
increased paper work volume, rising costs, and pressures from outside changes.
It is due to these pressures (increased paper work volume, costs, pressure from outside
changes, and demand for timeliness & demand for quality) that most of the organizations
today are opting for computers to do data processing for them. This project is also an
information-processing sub-package. All the data has to be first fed in the computer. Once it is
stored in the files any query regarding this data can be answered satisfactorily. The retrieval
process involves much less time and the information is accurate.
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FEASIBILITY STUDY
All projects are feasible given unlimited resources and infinite time. Unfortunately the
development of computer-based system in many cases is more likely to be plagued by scarcity
of resources and delivery date.
The feasibility report of the project holds the advantages and flexibility of the project. This is
divided into three sections:
Economical Feasibility
Technical Feasibility
Behavioural Feasibility
Economic Feasibility:
Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of the
candidate system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis, the procedure is to be
determining the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate and compare them
with costs. If benefits outweigh costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the
system.
A systems financial benefit must exceed the cost of developing that system. i.e. a new system
being developed should be a good investment for the organization. Economic feasibility
considers the following:
i. The cost to conduct a full system investigation.
ii. The cost of hardware and software for the class of application.
iii. The benefits in the form of reduced cost or fewer costly errors.
iv. The cost if nothing changes (i.e. The proposed system is not developed).
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The proposed web application is economically feasible because:
i. The system requires very less time factors.
ii. The system will provide fast and efficient automated environment instead of slow and
error prone manual system, thus reducing both time and man power spent in running the
system.
iii. The system will have GUI interface and very less user training is required to learn it.
iv. The system will provide service to view various information for proper managerial
decision-making.
Technical Feasibility
Technical feasibility centers around the existing computer system (Hardware and Software
etc) and to what extend it support the proposed addition. For example, if the current computer
is operating at 80 percent capacity - an arbitrary ceiling - then running another application
could overload the system or require additional Hardware. This involves financial
considerations to accommodate technical enhancements. If the budgets are a serious
constraint, then the project is judged not feasible. In this project, all the necessary cautions
have been taken care to make it technically feasible. Using a key the display of text/object is
very fast. Also, the tools, operating system and programming language used in this
localization process is compatible with the existing one.
Behavioural Feasibility
People are inherently resistant to change, and computers have been known to facilitate change.
An estimate should be made of how strong a reaction the user staff is likely to have toward the
development of a computerized system. Therefore it is understandable that the introduction of
a candidate system requires special efforts to educate and train the staff. The software that is
being developed is user friendly and easy to learn. In this way, the developed software is truly
efficient and can work on any circumstances, tradition, and locales.
Behavioural study strives on ensuring that the equilibrium of the organization and status quo
in the organization are not disturbed and the users readily accept changes.
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INTRODUCTION TO .NET FRAMEWORK
The .NET Framework introduces a completely new model for the programming and
deployment of applications. .NET is Microsoft's vision of "software as a service", a
development environment in which you can build, create, and deploy your applications and the
next generation of components, the ability to use the Web rather than your own computer for
various services.Microsoft changed all complex tasks with the new .NET Framework. That
was a huge advantage for all developers. Most of the Win32 API was now accessible through
a very simple Object Model. Most of the features and functions of C++ were added to Visual
Basic. A new Programming Language C# was introduced, which offered flexibility and
productivity. ASP.NET also called ASP+ replaced ASP.
It provides the easiest and most scalable way to build, deploy and run web services. ASP.NET
server controls enable an HTML-like style of declarative programming that let you build great
pages with far less code than with classic ASP. VB, C++ and C# Code can be used in other
languages i.e. code written in VB can be easily used in C# or in VC++. Also another benefit is
that you can step between the languages in the debugger.
.NET framework has two main components. They are:-
Common Language Runtime
.NET class library
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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION (SRS)
A software requirements specification (SRS) is a comprehensive description of the intended
purpose and environment for software under development. The SRS fully describes what the
software will do and how it will be expected to perform.
An SRS minimizes the time and effort required by developers to achieve desired goals and
also minimizes the development cost. A good SRS defines how an application will interact
with system hardware, other programs and human users in a wide variety of real-world
situations. Parameters such as operating speed, response time, availability, portability,
maintainability, footprint, security and speed of recovery from adverse events are evaluated.
Methods of defining an SRS are described by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers) specification 830-1998.
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“ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM”
Purpose
We live in a democracy and voting is one of our fundamental duties as responsible citizens of
the country, but nowhere around the country a 100% people come to vote during the elections
in their territory. There have been many reasons for that some of them are:
• In the rural areas the influential people keep their men at the polling booths to threaten the
common man to vote for them
• There are many portions of the country like the North East where there is locally sponsored
terrorism, at such places the security conditions are also not very bright, so naturally people
feel afraid to come out of their houses and go to vote.
• Net savvy new generation want hassle free voting system. Also the people in metros want a
system thru which they can vote for their territory without traveling.
Keeping in mind these situations and to improve the state of democracy in the country Online
Polling System can be thought as a solution, in conjunction with the ongoing current manual
voting system.
The main purpose behind developing this application is to help in the management system of
polling/voting. This web application helps managing the voting both at the user side as well as
the administrator’s side.
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Project Scope
The Voting Information Project (VIP) enables election officials to provide their constituents
with a cutting-edge suite of online tools that informs voters, enhances the voting process
and brings official information to civic groups,news organizations, political campaigns
and technology innovators around the country. Such ease and elegance should be extended to
services provided by the government, including access to information such as where to vote
and what issues and candidates are on the ballot. To bridge the gap between the information
voters need and what is currently available to them. help state election officials make voting
information more accessible online to the public; decrease the amount of time and money
election officials spend compiling and disseminating voting information; reduce the number of
phone calls and visits to election administrators, which could result significant cost savings;3
and allow staff to focus more time on other important aspects of election administration.
Additionally, states would not incur any expenses aside from a minimal investment of time
from existing staff to implement the new technology.Improving Access to Reliable.
Developments could have key effects:
• modernisation of the electoral register, to allow registers to be linked and accessed
nationally. • introduction of digital TV, which would open up homes to online access and
could provide a more controllable environment for e-voting than personal computers.
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Overview
The scope of Onilne Voting System is global i.e. it would be able to be accessed from
anywhere through internet i.e. registered users must be able to login to their accounts by
directly accessing the web application and then signing in with their username and password
and the voter id generated after appling for the voter id. It will provide the users a facility to
caste a vote online, check the election schedule, check the ward and the results. At the
administration level candidate information, voter id issue, parties, states, voter id application,
wards can be checked and manipulated.
Product features:-
Technologies used are:-
Visual Basic 2008
SQL server 2008
Web services
Languages used are:-
C# HTML .Net
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User Characteristics
Users of the system are as follows:-
User/Public Administrator
A user can only have her voter id as username so if she makes use of the website
only then she can login. This will prevent misuse, unauthorized access and hacking of
the product.
External Interface Requirements
User Interfaces
Professional look and feel.
Browser testing and support for IE, NN, Mozilla and Firefox.
Software Interfaces
The Operating Systems can be any version of Windows, Linux, Unix or Mac which supports
TCP/IP protocols.
Performance Requirements
The PCs used must be at least Pentium 3 machines so that they can give optimum performance
of the product.
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The following performance characteristics should be taken care of while developing the
system:
User friendliness
The system should be easy to learn and understand so that new user can also use the system
effectively, without any difficulty.
User satisfaction
The system should meet user expectations.
Response time
The response time of all the operations should be low. This can be made possible by careful
programming.
Error handling
Response to user errors and the undesired situations should be taken care of to ensure that the
system operates without halting.
Safety
The system should be able to avoid or tackle catastrophic behaviour.
Robustness
The system should recover from undesired events without human intervention.
Acceptance Criteria
The following acceptance criteria were established for the evaluation of the new system.
User friendliness
The system should meet user needs and should be easy to learn and use.
Modularity
The system should have relatively independent and single function parts.
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Maintainability
The system should be such that future maintenance and enhancements times and efforts are
reduced.
Timeliness
The system should operate well under normal, peak and recovery conditions.
The developed system should be accurate and hence reliable i.e. the error rate should be
minimized and the outputs should be consistent and correct.
Both the execution time and response time should be negligibly low.
The system should be efficient i.e. the resources utilization should be optimal.
The system should be able to cope with the changes in future technology.
Design Constraints
The constraints at the designing time are that the needs of the user may keep on changing so
the designers will keep this in mind and design the product in the way so that it is easily
updatable.
Attributes
The following are the attributes of the product HMS:
It would be equipped with current and archive database.
All records can easily be updated.
It would facilitate user with updating her account, downloading or uploading of
assignments from anywhere.
It will be user friendly as it would provide 24*7 availability.
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Functional Requirements
i.Online registration for the voter.
ii. Those already having a voter id card can register for the online voting system, they will use
their voter id as their user name and a separate password will be used for secure
authentication.
iii. Once registered when ever polling is done in any area that areas' people will be able to vote
for their favourite candidates.
iv. Devise a mechanism that ensures duplicates voting(online & offline) is not happening.
v. The administrator can add, delete, search issue records.
vi. At last results will be declared having number of seats of each parties and the winners.
Other Non-functional Requirements
Performance Requirements
Secure access of confidential data (user details).SSL can be used.
24*7 availability.
Better component design to get better performance at peak time.
Flexible services based architecture will be highly desirable for future extensions.
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Social issues
Ultimately, the case for online voting does not depend on technical potential. Elections are
political events and proposed changes must be evaluated on the basis of democratic and
administrative criteria, including:
• Levels of public access to the internet. While fewer than half the UK population has home
access to the internet it would be undemocratic to allow more convenient access to voting to
the minority who have access. Online voting will become democratically acceptable only
when most eligible voters have easy access to the internet, possibly via digital TV.
• Making the internet accessible. As well as basic access, online voting would need to be
accessible to non-English speaking voters, those with little or no knowledge of computers, the
less literate and the disabled. In short, it will not be satisfactory to create an online voting
system that can be used only by the technically proficient or standard computer user.
• Respecting political culture. People have confidence in elections at present: they know what
is likely to happen when and expect a stable outcome. The current system is visible, easily
understood and followed. Some of the elements of online voting could be disruptive to voting
customs, such as going to the polling station or watching votes being counted. If online voting
is introduced the public must feel full confidence in the new arrangements, and be convinced
that a vote sent online is as secure as one marked on paper.
Software Quality Attributes
Adaptability
Availability
Correctness
Flexibility
Interoperability
Maintainability
Portability
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Reliability
Reusability
Robustness
Testability
Usability
Use of online voting
There are three main types of electronic voting, as. Of these, online voting is the focus of most
current attention. If such voting is to become a reality, it must address each of the steps
outlined in the Box above. For instance, the registration process would need to include
distribution of appropriate identification numbers, etc. Passwords and smart cards can be used
to increase the reliability and security of voter authentication; however, it is difficult to prevent
voters from giving away or selling their votes when authentication is carried out without
human intervention. Coercion and large scale fraud may also be more of a concern than at
present.
Some electronic voting systems result in a paper output which can be recounted, but systems
in which votes are never recorded on paper may not lend themselves to any sort of recount.
Vendors offer machines that record every button a voter presses on an ATM-style machine.
These keystrokes can be examined after an election to simulate a recount.
Online voting would add to the convenience of being a citizen.
• It may particularly appeal to younger voters (among whom voter turnout has tended to be
particularly low).
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• Online voting systems can identify if voters attempt to vote for the wrong number of
candidates and notify them accordingly (this was a problem with punch cards in Florida in the
2000 elections).
• Online voting could allow more information to be displayed about candidates and their
policies. But this would conflict with existing laws about not campaigning in the immediate
vicinity of a polling place and would need to be strictly supervised.
• It could reduce expenses involved in setting up and staffing poll sites. However, new voting
arrangements would, at least at first, be in addition to existing systems. This would entail large
additional costs and several years of government investment.
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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
The Data Flow Diagram shows the flow of data or information. It can be partitioned into
single processes or functions. Data Flow Diagrams can be grouped together or decomposed
into multiple processes.
The DFD is an excellent communication tool for analysts to model processes and functional
requirements. Used effectively, it is a useful and easy to understand modeling tool. It has
broad application and usability across most software development projects. It is easily
integrated with data modeling, workflow modeling tools, and textual specs. Together with
these, it provides analysts and developers with solid models and specs. Alone, however, it has
limited usability. It is simple and easy to understand by users and can be easily extended and
refined with further specification into a physical version for the design and development
teams.
The different versions are Context Diagrams (Level 0), Partitioned Diagrams (single process
only -- one level), functionally decomposed, and leveled sets of Data Flow Diagrams.
Data Store
A repository of information: In the physical model, this represents a file, table, etc. In the
logical model, a data store is an object or entity.
Data Flows
DFDs show the flow of data from external entities into the system, showed how the data
moved from one process to another, as well as its logical storage. There are only four symbols:
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1) Rectangle (external entity) - a producer or consumer of information that resides outside the bounds of the system to be modeled
2) Circle (process) - a transformer of information that resides within the bounds of the system to be modeled
3) Line with an arrow (data item) - a single item, or a collection of data items. Arrow head represents the direction of the data
4) Two parallel lines (data store) - a repository of data that is to be stored for use by one or more processes; may be as simple as a buffer or a queue or as sophisticated as a relational data base
There are several common modeling rules for creating DFDs:
All processes must have at least one data flow in and one data flow out.
All processes should modify the incoming data, producing new forms of outgoing data.
Each data store must be involved with at least one data flow.
Each external entity must be involved with at least one data flow.
A data flow must be attached to at least one process.
DFDs are a part of the structured model in the software development lifecycle.
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USE CASE DIAGRAM
A use case diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type of behavioral
diagram defined by and created from a Use-case analysis. Its purpose is to present a graphical
overview of the functionality provided by a system in terms of actors, their goals (represented
as use cases), and any dependencies between those use cases.
The main purpose of a use case diagram is to show what system functions are performed for
which actor. Roles of the actors in the system can be depicted.
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DATABASE DESIGN TABLEDATABASE DESIGN FOR ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM
dbo.candidates
used by candidate to register new voter-id
Field Name Type Null Extras
Cand_id Int Null
(primary key)auto increment
Cand_name nvarchar(max) Null
Party_name nvarchar(max) Null
Elect_name nvarchar(max) Null
wardno Nvarchar(max) Null
state nvarchar(max) Null
city nvarchar(max) Null
dbo.election
Field Name Type Null
Elect_name nvarchar(max) Null(primary key) auto increment
category nvarchar(max) Null
Date_elect nvarchar(max) Null
Dbo.parties
Field Name Type Null
Party_name Nvarchar(max) null
(primary key)auto increment
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Party_abbr nvarchar(max) null
manefesto Nvarchar(max) null
Party_leaders nvarchar(max) null
plogo Nvarchar(max) Null
Dbo.poll
Field Name Type Null
Elect_name nvarchar(max) null(primary key) auto increment
Card_name nvarchar(max) null
Pname Nvarchar(max) null
State nvarchar(max) null
(id of registration table) foreign key
City nvarchar(max) null
Wardno nvarchar(max) null
voteid Nvarchar(max) null(primary key) auto increment
Dbo.states
Field Name Type Null
state nvarchar(max) null
city nvarchar(max) Null
Dbo.voterid_app
Field Name Type Null
App_id Int Not null
fname nvarchar(max) null
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lname nvarchar(max) null
fathname nvarchar(max) Null
Address nvarchar(max) Null
city nvarchar(max) null
state nvarchar(max) null
phone nvarchar(max) Null
Dob nvarchar(max) Null
wardno nvarchar(max) Null
emailid nvarchar(max) null
Dbo.voterid_issue
Field Name Type Null
App_id Int
voterid Nvarchar(max) Null
pinno nvarchar(max) null
doi nvarchar(max) Null
Dbo.wards
Field Name Type Null
Wardno nvarchar(max) Null
State nvarchar(max) Null
District nvarchar(max) Null
Thasel nvarchar(max) Null
area nvarchar(max) Null
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USER INTERFACE SAMPLE SCREEN SNAPS
This is the welcome/ home page
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This is where the voter applies for the voter id
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Voter searches the ward
Voters cast their votes using the voter id
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The voter checks the schedule for the election
Shows the final result
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About us
Administrator login
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Administrator home page
Candidates administration page
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Administrator adds candidates
Administrator searches for candidates
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Administrator deletes candidates
Voter id issue home page
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Add issue records page
Search issue records page
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Administrators party page
Add party page
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Search party page
Delete party page
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State administration home page
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Administrator add states page
Administrator search state page
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Administrator delete state page
Voter id applications home page
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Page for adding the voter id card information
Voter id application search form
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List the records of all the voter id application
Voter id application delete form
Voter id application update form
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Wards administration home page
Ward addition form
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Ward search form
Ward deletion form
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Goals and Objectives
“Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error”. A good test
case is one that has a probability of finding an as yet undiscovered error. A successful test is
one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error. Our Objective is to design test processes that
systematically uncover different classes of errors and do so with minimum amount of time and
effort.
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SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION / ACHIEVEMENTS
Once the system was tested, the implementation phase started. A crucial phase in the system
development life cycle is successful implementation of new system design. Implementations
simply mean converting new system design into operation. This is the moment of truth the
first question that strikes in every one’s mind that whether the system will be able to give all
the desired results as expected from system. The implementation phase is concerned with user
training and file conversion.
The term implementation has different meanings, ranging from the conversion of a basic
application to a complete replacement of computer system Implementation is used here to
mean the process of converting a new or revised system design into an operational one.
Conversion is one aspect of implementation. The other aspects are the post implementation
review and software maintenance. There are three types of implementation:
Implementation of a computer system to replace a manual system
Implementation of a new computer system to replace an existing one
Implementation of a modified application to replace an existing one
Conversion
Conversion means changing from one system to another. The objective is to put the tested
system into operation while holding costs, risks and personnel irritation to a minimum. It
involves creating computer compatible files; training the operational staff; installing terminals
and hardware. A critical aspect of conversion is not disrupting the functioning of organization.
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Direct Implementation
In direct implementation; the previous system is stopped and new system is started up
coincidentally. Here there is a direct change over from manual system to computer-based
system. In direct change over implementation; employees can face the problems. Suppose our
software is not working much efficiently as manual one then we can’t find the defects in our
software. It will not be beneficial in finding errors.
CONCLUSION
It was an experience that changed the way we perceived project development. The coding
could not be started before the whole system was completely finalized. Even then there were
so many changes required and the coding needed to be changed. We attribute this to
inadequate information gathering from the user. Though there were many discussions and
most of the requirements were gathered, a few misinterpretations of the requirements still
crept in. It made us realize how important the system analysis phase is. The project is a classic
example for the adage that learning of concepts needs to be supplemented with application of
that knowledge.
On the whole it was a wonderful experience developing this project and we would have
considered our education incomplete without undertaking such a project, which allowed us to
apply all that we have learnt.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Google .com
Askme.com
SQL server T-SQL recipes by Joseph Sack
Javascript in 10 simple ways or less by Arman Danesh
C# school by Faraz Rasheed
ASP.NET web developers guide by Mesbah Ahmed, Chris Garrett, chris Payne,
Jeremy Faircloth
FUTURE SCOPE
The project has a large scope as it is very useful in managing the patients in a hospital or a
clinic. A large number of hospitals are opening and require such softwares for a better
management though online system.
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