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A MINOR PROJECT REPORT ON ONLINE VOTING SYSYTEM Submitted by SHREYA BABBAR BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (COMPUTER ENGINEERING) 2007-2011 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING RAJASTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING FOR 1

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Page 1: minor report

A

MINOR PROJECT REPORT

ON

ONLINE VOTING SYSYTEM

Submitted by

SHREYA BABBAR

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

(COMPUTER ENGINEERING)

2007-2011

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

RAJASTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

FOR

WOMEN, BHANKROTA

JAIPUR

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to place on my record my deep sense of gratitude to my minor project in charge, Ms

Nishi Sharma, for her constant motivation and valuable help through the project work.

Express my gratitude to Mr V.S Tamra, H.O.D Computer Engineering RCEW , Jaipur for his

valuable suggestions and advices. I also extend my thanks to other Faculties for their

Cooperation during my Course.

Finally I would like to thank all my friends who have directly or indirectly helped me in completing this project.

Shreya Babbar

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PREFACE

One of the most important uses of Computers is an aid to mangers to provide update

information to efficiently run their organization & to provide timely and accurate information

to make efficient decision. “Online Voting System” is an approach to make management

system, registration, vote casting, result declaration etc easy, systematic and reduce manual

work so as to reduce complications and time.

This report covers information about all services made available in this web application, and

most importantly how to make and consume these services.

“System Analysis” is provided with a brief description of the proposed system and the

feasibility study of the system. And then the “System Requirement Specification” is provided.

In the “System Design Specification”, (both logical and conceptual designs) DFDs (Data Flow

Diagram), Use case Diagrams,Database table. The DDs (Data Dictionary) are also described.

The detailed structures of some of the tables used are also given.

“System Implementation” describes how the system is implemented, how to access

application developed and what are the minimum requirements to access the application.

After implementation we conclude the Project Documentation with a “Future Scope” followed

by “Annexure” and “Conclusion”

At last “Bibliography” contains the list of helping references.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

INTRODUCTION 5SYSTEM ANALYSIS 6

INDENTIFICATION OF NEEDS 7

FEASIBILITY STUDY 8

INTRODUCTION TO .NET FRAMEWORK 10

SRS 11

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM 22

USE CASE DIAGRAM 26

DATABASE DESIGN TABLE 27

USER INTERFACE SAMPLE SCREEN SNAPS 31

SYSTEN IMPLIMENTATION/ACHIVEMENTS 49CONLUSION 50

BIBLIOGRAPHY 52

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INTRODUCTION

A web application is an application that is accessed over a network such as the Internet or an

intranet. The term may also mean a computer software application that is hosted in a browser-

controlled environment or coded in a browser-supported language and reliant on a common

web browser to render the application executable. Used in simple office software. Browser

applications typically require little or no disk space on the client, upgrade automatically with

new features, and integrate easily into other server-side web procedures, such as email and

searching.

A "portal" is a Web application that covers a topic or industry, while "search engines" are Web

application that includes indexes to all the content on the Web. An "extranet" is a Web site that

is only for subscribers or business partners and is password protected. Portals, search engines

and extranets are all exposed to the general public via the Internet, whereas an "intranet"

(intra-net) is a Web site that resides behind a firewall, available only to employees and not the

general public. Successful web design involves more than just the creation of a beautiful piece

of art work. It is rather, the construction of a sometimes multi-purpose vehicle on the internet,

to accomplish a desired end.

The basic elements that determine the success of website design or web site construction are

appearance, usability and visibility.

The media or method used to create the appearance of a web site/application can have a direct

influence on its usability and visibility.

Web application built using the techniques of flash multimedia are very often great works of

art, and are beautiful to look at if you have the time, but are usually flops when it comes to

accomplishing their purpose.

The reason: their technology is too far ahead of average internet connection facilities. Two

thirds of internet users are still on dial up connections.

Web applications designed and constructed with HTML based media are more successful,

because they are better suited to current internet connection methods.

The two main factors that determine a webapplication’s appearance are colour and layout.

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The main factors that determine how usable a web application is are its navigational features

and its security.

How well a user can navigate the pages of a web application, and how easily they can find

what they are looking for, will often determine the length of time they spend on a web

application.

The security of information exchanged with users on a web application is crucial to the

success of business oriented sites. You must protect your client's personal information. No

web application will be successful if it isn't visible on the internet/web. The two main factors

that will determine how many people use a web application are its quality of content and its

promotional strategies.

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

System Analysis refers to the process of examining a situation with the intent of improving it

through better procedures and methods. System Analysis is the process of planning a new

System to either replace or complement an existing system. But before any planning is done

the old system must be thoroughly understood and the requirements determined. System

Analysis is therefore, the process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems and

using the information to re-comment improvements in the System. Or in other words, System

Analysis means a detailed explanation or description. Before computerized a system under

consideration, it has to be analysed. We need to study how it functions currently, what are the

problems, and what are the requirements that the proposed system should meet.

Analysis is very important part of any project. Analysis allows us to understand how the

present system in working so that it becomes easier to make a new system. Without proper

analysis it is difficult to develop the new system.

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System analysis is conducted with the following objectives:

Identify the user’s need.

Evaluate the system concept for feasibility.

Perform economic and technical analysis.

Allocate functions to hardware, software, people, database and other system elements.

Establish cost and schedule constraints. Both hardware and software expertise are

required to successfully attain the objectives listed above.

Create a system definition that forms the foundation for all the subsequent engineering

work.

Identification of Needs

This step is initiation of system analysis. During this an overview of the users’ requirement

has been done. The basic need of the user to opt for such kind of project is analysed.

Computerization of the system will help a user to quick access of all the records. It also

maintains all the files in databases to provide quick access and save the time. Whenever

records are needed, they should be easily available.

Information is needed in organizations for planning, staffing and controlling purposes.

Regardless of the nature of the information required, the information should possess the

characteristics of accuracy, timeliness, completeness and relevancy. In the recent years, need

for information improvement by reports lacking one or more of these characteristics and by

increased paper work volume, rising costs, and pressures from outside changes.

It is due to these pressures (increased paper work volume, costs, pressure from outside

changes, and demand for timeliness & demand for quality) that most of the organizations

today are opting for computers to do data processing for them. This project is also an

information-processing sub-package. All the data has to be first fed in the computer. Once it is

stored in the files any query regarding this data can be answered satisfactorily. The retrieval

process involves much less time and the information is accurate.

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FEASIBILITY STUDY

All projects are feasible given unlimited resources and infinite time. Unfortunately the

development of computer-based system in many cases is more likely to be plagued by scarcity

of resources and delivery date.

The feasibility report of the project holds the advantages and flexibility of the project. This is

divided into three sections:

Economical Feasibility

Technical Feasibility

Behavioural Feasibility

Economic Feasibility:

Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of the

candidate system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis, the procedure is to be

determining the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate and compare them

with costs. If benefits outweigh costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the

system.

A systems financial benefit must exceed the cost of developing that system. i.e. a new system

being developed should be a good investment for the organization. Economic feasibility

considers the following:

i. The cost to conduct a full system investigation.

ii. The cost of hardware and software for the class of application.

iii. The benefits in the form of reduced cost or fewer costly errors.

iv. The cost if nothing changes (i.e. The proposed system is not developed).

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The proposed web application is economically feasible because:

i. The system requires very less time factors.

ii. The system will provide fast and efficient automated environment instead of slow and

error prone manual system, thus reducing both time and man power spent in running the

system.

iii. The system will have GUI interface and very less user training is required to learn it.

iv. The system will provide service to view various information for proper managerial

decision-making.

Technical Feasibility

Technical feasibility centers around the existing computer system (Hardware and Software

etc) and to what extend it support the proposed addition. For example, if the current computer

is operating at 80 percent capacity - an arbitrary ceiling - then running another application

could overload the system or require additional Hardware. This involves financial

considerations to accommodate technical enhancements. If the budgets are a serious

constraint, then the project is judged not feasible. In this project, all the necessary cautions

have been taken care to make it technically feasible. Using a key the display of text/object is

very fast. Also, the tools, operating system and programming language used in this

localization process is compatible with the existing one.

Behavioural Feasibility

People are inherently resistant to change, and computers have been known to facilitate change.

An estimate should be made of how strong a reaction the user staff is likely to have toward the

development of a computerized system. Therefore it is understandable that the introduction of

a candidate system requires special efforts to educate and train the staff. The software that is

being developed is user friendly and easy to learn. In this way, the developed software is truly

efficient and can work on any circumstances, tradition, and locales.

Behavioural study strives on ensuring that the equilibrium of the organization and status quo

in the organization are not disturbed and the users readily accept changes.

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INTRODUCTION TO .NET FRAMEWORK

The .NET Framework introduces a completely new model for the programming and

deployment of applications. .NET is Microsoft's vision of "software as a service", a

development environment in which you can build, create, and deploy your applications and the

next generation of components, the ability to use the Web rather than your own computer for

various services.Microsoft changed all complex tasks with the new .NET Framework. That

was a huge advantage for all developers. Most of the Win32 API was now accessible through

a very simple Object Model. Most of the features and functions of C++ were added to Visual

Basic. A new Programming Language C# was introduced, which offered flexibility and

productivity. ASP.NET also called ASP+ replaced ASP. 

It provides the easiest and most scalable way to build, deploy and run web services. ASP.NET

server controls enable an HTML-like style of declarative programming that let you build great

pages with far less code than with classic ASP. VB, C++ and C# Code can be used in other

languages i.e. code written in VB can be easily used in C# or in VC++. Also another benefit is

that you can step between the languages in the debugger. 

.NET framework has two main components. They are:-

Common Language Runtime

.NET class library

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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION (SRS)

A software requirements specification (SRS) is a comprehensive description of the intended

purpose and environment for software under development. The SRS fully describes what the

software will do and how it will be expected to perform.

An SRS minimizes the time and effort required by developers to achieve desired goals and

also minimizes the development cost. A good SRS defines how an application will interact

with system hardware, other programs and human users in a wide variety of real-world

situations. Parameters such as operating speed, response time, availability, portability,

maintainability, footprint, security and speed of recovery from adverse events are evaluated.

Methods of defining an SRS are described by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers) specification 830-1998.

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“ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM”

Purpose

We live in a democracy and voting is one of our fundamental duties as responsible citizens of

the country, but nowhere around the country a 100% people come to vote during the elections

in their territory. There have been many reasons for that some of them are:

• In the rural areas the influential people keep their men at the polling booths to threaten the

common man to vote for them

• There are many portions of the country like the North East where there is locally sponsored

terrorism, at such places the security conditions are also not very bright, so naturally people

feel afraid to come out of their houses and go to vote.

• Net savvy new generation want hassle free voting system. Also the people in metros want a

system thru which they can vote for their territory without traveling.

Keeping in mind these situations and to improve the state of democracy in the country Online

Polling System can be thought as a solution, in conjunction with the ongoing current manual

voting system.

The main purpose behind developing this application is to help in the management system of

polling/voting. This web application helps managing the voting both at the user side as well as

the administrator’s side.

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Project Scope

The Voting Information Project (VIP) enables election officials to provide their constituents

with a cutting-edge suite of online tools that informs voters, enhances the voting process

and brings official information to civic groups,news organizations, political campaigns

and technology innovators around the country. Such ease and elegance should be extended to

services provided by the government, including access to information such as where to vote

and what issues and candidates are on the ballot. To bridge the gap between the information

voters need and what is currently available to them. help state election officials make voting

information more accessible online to the public; decrease the amount of time and money

election officials spend compiling and disseminating voting information; reduce the number of

phone calls and visits to election administrators, which could result significant cost savings;3

and allow staff to focus more time on other important aspects of election administration.

Additionally, states would not incur any expenses aside from a minimal investment of time

from existing staff to implement the new technology.Improving Access to Reliable.

Developments could have key effects:

• modernisation of the electoral register, to allow registers to be linked and accessed

nationally. • introduction of digital TV, which would open up homes to online access and

could provide a more controllable environment for e-voting than personal computers.

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Overview

The scope of Onilne Voting System is global i.e. it would be able to be accessed from

anywhere through internet i.e. registered users must be able to login to their accounts by

directly accessing the web application and then signing in with their username and password

and the voter id generated after appling for the voter id. It will provide the users a facility to

caste a vote online, check the election schedule, check the ward and the results. At the

administration level candidate information, voter id issue, parties, states, voter id application,

wards can be checked and manipulated.

Product features:-

Technologies used are:-

Visual Basic 2008

SQL server 2008

Web services

Languages used are:-

C# HTML .Net

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User Characteristics

Users of the system are as follows:-

User/Public Administrator

A user can only have her voter id as username so if she makes use of the website

only then she can login. This will prevent misuse, unauthorized access and hacking of

the product.

External Interface Requirements

User Interfaces

Professional look and feel.

Browser testing and support for IE, NN, Mozilla and Firefox.

Software Interfaces

The Operating Systems can be any version of Windows, Linux, Unix or Mac which supports

TCP/IP protocols.

Performance Requirements

The PCs used must be at least Pentium 3 machines so that they can give optimum performance

of the product.

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The following performance characteristics should be taken care of while developing the

system:

User friendliness

The system should be easy to learn and understand so that new user can also use the system

effectively, without any difficulty.

User satisfaction

The system should meet user expectations.

Response time

The response time of all the operations should be low. This can be made possible by careful

programming.

Error handling

Response to user errors and the undesired situations should be taken care of to ensure that the

system operates without halting.

Safety

The system should be able to avoid or tackle catastrophic behaviour.

Robustness

The system should recover from undesired events without human intervention.

Acceptance Criteria

The following acceptance criteria were established for the evaluation of the new system.

User friendliness

The system should meet user needs and should be easy to learn and use.

Modularity

The system should have relatively independent and single function parts.

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Maintainability

The system should be such that future maintenance and enhancements times and efforts are

reduced.

Timeliness

The system should operate well under normal, peak and recovery conditions.

The developed system should be accurate and hence reliable i.e. the error rate should be

minimized and the outputs should be consistent and correct.

Both the execution time and response time should be negligibly low.

The system should be efficient i.e. the resources utilization should be optimal.

The system should be able to cope with the changes in future technology.

Design Constraints

The constraints at the designing time are that the needs of the user may keep on changing so

the designers will keep this in mind and design the product in the way so that it is easily

updatable.

Attributes

The following are the attributes of the product HMS:

It would be equipped with current and archive database.

All records can easily be updated.

It would facilitate user with updating her account, downloading or uploading of

assignments from anywhere.

It will be user friendly as it would provide 24*7 availability.

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Functional Requirements

i.Online registration for the voter.

ii. Those already having a voter id card can register for the online voting system, they will use

their voter id as their user name and a separate password will be used for secure

authentication.

iii. Once registered when ever polling is done in any area that areas' people will be able to vote

for their favourite candidates.

iv. Devise a mechanism that ensures duplicates voting(online & offline) is not happening.

v. The administrator can add, delete, search issue records.

vi. At last results will be declared having number of seats of each parties and the winners.

Other Non-functional Requirements

Performance Requirements

Secure access of confidential data (user details).SSL can be used.

24*7 availability.

Better component design to get better performance at peak time.

Flexible services based architecture will be highly desirable for future extensions.

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Social issues

Ultimately, the case for online voting does not depend on technical potential. Elections are

political events and proposed changes must be evaluated on the basis of democratic and

administrative criteria, including:

• Levels of public access to the internet. While fewer than half the UK population has home

access to the internet it would be undemocratic to allow more convenient access to voting to

the minority who have access. Online voting will become democratically acceptable only

when most eligible voters have easy access to the internet, possibly via digital TV.

• Making the internet accessible. As well as basic access, online voting would need to be

accessible to non-English speaking voters, those with little or no knowledge of computers, the

less literate and the disabled. In short, it will not be satisfactory to create an online voting

system that can be used only by the technically proficient or standard computer user.

• Respecting political culture. People have confidence in elections at present: they know what

is likely to happen when and expect a stable outcome. The current system is visible, easily

understood and followed. Some of the elements of online voting could be disruptive to voting

customs, such as going to the polling station or watching votes being counted. If online voting

is introduced the public must feel full confidence in the new arrangements, and be convinced

that a vote sent online is as secure as one marked on paper.

Software Quality Attributes

Adaptability

Availability

Correctness

Flexibility

Interoperability

Maintainability

Portability

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Reliability

Reusability

Robustness

Testability

Usability

Use of online voting

There are three main types of electronic voting, as. Of these, online voting is the focus of most

current attention. If such voting is to become a reality, it must address each of the steps

outlined in the Box above. For instance, the registration process would need to include

distribution of appropriate identification numbers, etc. Passwords and smart cards can be used

to increase the reliability and security of voter authentication; however, it is difficult to prevent

voters from giving away or selling their votes when authentication is carried out without

human intervention. Coercion and large scale fraud may also be more of a concern than at

present.

Some electronic voting systems result in a paper output which can be recounted, but systems

in which votes are never recorded on paper may not lend themselves to any sort of recount.

Vendors offer machines that record every button a voter presses on an ATM-style machine.

These keystrokes can be examined after an election to simulate a recount.

Online voting would add to the convenience of being a citizen.

• It may particularly appeal to younger voters (among whom voter turnout has tended to be

particularly low).

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• Online voting systems can identify if voters attempt to vote for the wrong number of

candidates and notify them accordingly (this was a problem with punch cards in Florida in the

2000 elections).

• Online voting could allow more information to be displayed about candidates and their

policies. But this would conflict with existing laws about not campaigning in the immediate

vicinity of a polling place and would need to be strictly supervised.

• It could reduce expenses involved in setting up and staffing poll sites. However, new voting

arrangements would, at least at first, be in addition to existing systems. This would entail large

additional costs and several years of government investment.

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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

The Data Flow Diagram shows the flow of data or information. It can be partitioned into

single processes or functions. Data Flow Diagrams can be grouped together or decomposed

into multiple processes.

The DFD is an excellent communication tool for analysts to model processes and functional

requirements. Used effectively, it is a useful and easy to understand modeling tool. It has

broad application and usability across most software development projects. It is easily

integrated with data modeling, workflow modeling tools, and textual specs. Together with

these, it provides analysts and developers with solid models and specs. Alone, however, it has

limited usability. It is simple and easy to understand by users and can be easily extended and

refined with further specification into a physical version for the design and development

teams.

The different versions are Context Diagrams (Level 0), Partitioned Diagrams (single process

only -- one level), functionally decomposed, and leveled sets of Data Flow Diagrams.

Data Store

A repository of information: In the physical model, this represents a file, table, etc. In the

logical model, a data store is an object or entity.

Data Flows

DFDs show the flow of data from external entities into the system, showed how the data

moved from one process to another, as well as its logical storage. There are only four symbols:

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1) Rectangle (external entity) - a producer or consumer of information that resides outside the bounds of the system to be modeled

2) Circle (process) - a transformer of information that resides within the bounds of the system to be modeled

3) Line with an arrow (data item) - a single item, or a collection of data items. Arrow head represents the direction of the data

4) Two parallel lines (data store) - a repository of data that is to be stored for use by one or more processes; may be as simple as a buffer or a queue or as sophisticated as a relational data base

There are several common modeling rules for creating DFDs:

All processes must have at least one data flow in and one data flow out.

All processes should modify the incoming data, producing new forms of outgoing data.

Each data store must be involved with at least one data flow.

Each external entity must be involved with at least one data flow.

A data flow must be attached to at least one process.

DFDs are a part of the structured model in the software development lifecycle.

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USE CASE DIAGRAM

A use case diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type of behavioral

diagram defined by and created from a Use-case analysis. Its purpose is to present a graphical

overview of the functionality provided by a system in terms of actors, their goals (represented

as use cases), and any dependencies between those use cases.

The main purpose of a use case diagram is to show what system functions are performed for

which actor. Roles of the actors in the system can be depicted.

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DATABASE DESIGN TABLEDATABASE DESIGN FOR ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM        

         

dbo.candidates  

used by candidate to register new voter-id    

  Field Name Type Null  Extras

  Cand_id Int Null

(primary key)auto increment

  Cand_name nvarchar(max)   Null  

Party_name nvarchar(max) Null

  Elect_name nvarchar(max) Null  

wardno Nvarchar(max) Null

  state nvarchar(max)   Null  

  city nvarchar(max)   Null  

dbo.election

  Field Name Type Null  

  Elect_name nvarchar(max) Null(primary key) auto increment

  category nvarchar(max)  Null  

  Date_elect nvarchar(max) Null  

Dbo.parties        

  Field Name Type Null  

  Party_name Nvarchar(max) null

(primary key)auto increment

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  Party_abbr nvarchar(max)  null  

manefesto Nvarchar(max) null

  Party_leaders nvarchar(max) null  

  plogo Nvarchar(max)  Null  

Dbo.poll        

  Field Name Type Null  

  Elect_name nvarchar(max) null(primary key) auto increment

  Card_name nvarchar(max)  null  

  Pname Nvarchar(max) null  

  State nvarchar(max) null

(id of registration table) foreign key

  City nvarchar(max)  null  

  Wardno nvarchar(max)  null  

  voteid Nvarchar(max)  null(primary key) auto increment

Dbo.states

Field Name Type Null

state nvarchar(max) null

city nvarchar(max) Null

Dbo.voterid_app

Field Name Type Null

App_id Int Not null

fname nvarchar(max) null

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lname nvarchar(max) null

fathname nvarchar(max) Null

Address nvarchar(max) Null

city nvarchar(max) null

state nvarchar(max) null

phone nvarchar(max) Null

Dob nvarchar(max) Null

wardno nvarchar(max) Null

emailid nvarchar(max) null

Dbo.voterid_issue

Field Name Type Null

App_id Int

voterid Nvarchar(max) Null

pinno nvarchar(max) null

doi nvarchar(max) Null

Dbo.wards

Field Name Type Null

Wardno nvarchar(max) Null

State nvarchar(max) Null

District nvarchar(max) Null

Thasel nvarchar(max) Null

area nvarchar(max) Null

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USER INTERFACE SAMPLE SCREEN SNAPS

This is the welcome/ home page

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This is where the voter applies for the voter id

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Voter searches the ward

Voters cast their votes using the voter id

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The voter checks the schedule for the election

Shows the final result

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About us

Administrator login

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Administrator home page

Candidates administration page

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Administrator adds candidates

Administrator searches for candidates

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Administrator deletes candidates

Voter id issue home page

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Add issue records page

Search issue records page

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Administrators party page

Add party page

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Search party page

Delete party page

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State administration home page

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Administrator add states page

Administrator search state page

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Administrator delete state page

Voter id applications home page

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Page for adding the voter id card information

Voter id application search form

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List the records of all the voter id application

Voter id application delete form

Voter id application update form

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Wards administration home page

Ward addition form

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Ward search form

Ward deletion form

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Goals and Objectives

“Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error”. A good test

case is one that has a probability of finding an as yet undiscovered error. A successful test is

one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error. Our Objective is to design test processes that

systematically uncover different classes of errors and do so with minimum amount of time and

effort.

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SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION / ACHIEVEMENTS

Once the system was tested, the implementation phase started. A crucial phase in the system

development life cycle is successful implementation of new system design. Implementations

simply mean converting new system design into operation. This is the moment of truth the

first question that strikes in every one’s mind that whether the system will be able to give all

the desired results as expected from system. The implementation phase is concerned with user

training and file conversion.

The term implementation has different meanings, ranging from the conversion of a basic

application to a complete replacement of computer system Implementation is used here to

mean the process of converting a new or revised system design into an operational one.

Conversion is one aspect of implementation. The other aspects are the post implementation

review and software maintenance. There are three types of implementation:

Implementation of a computer system to replace a manual system

Implementation of a new computer system to replace an existing one

Implementation of a modified application to replace an existing one

Conversion

Conversion means changing from one system to another. The objective is to put the tested

system into operation while holding costs, risks and personnel irritation to a minimum. It

involves creating computer compatible files; training the operational staff; installing terminals

and hardware. A critical aspect of conversion is not disrupting the functioning of organization.

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Direct Implementation

In direct implementation; the previous system is stopped and new system is started up

coincidentally. Here there is a direct change over from manual system to computer-based

system. In direct change over implementation; employees can face the problems. Suppose our

software is not working much efficiently as manual one then we can’t find the defects in our

software. It will not be beneficial in finding errors.

CONCLUSION

It was an experience that changed the way we perceived project development. The coding

could not be started before the whole system was completely finalized. Even then there were

so many changes required and the coding needed to be changed. We attribute this to

inadequate information gathering from the user. Though there were many discussions and

most of the requirements were gathered, a few misinterpretations of the requirements still

crept in. It made us realize how important the system analysis phase is. The project is a classic

example for the adage that learning of concepts needs to be supplemented with application of

that knowledge.

On the whole it was a wonderful experience developing this project and we would have

considered our education incomplete without undertaking such a project, which allowed us to

apply all that we have learnt.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Google .com

Askme.com

SQL server T-SQL recipes by Joseph Sack

Javascript in 10 simple ways or less by Arman Danesh

C# school by Faraz Rasheed

ASP.NET web developers guide by Mesbah Ahmed, Chris Garrett, chris Payne,

Jeremy Faircloth

FUTURE SCOPE

The project has a large scope as it is very useful in managing the patients in a hospital or a

clinic. A large number of hospitals are opening and require such softwares for a better

management though online system.

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