ehfM;k izksQs'kuyksa ds vkRefparu vkSj vkReeaFku dk izdYi
o"kZ&9] vad&36] tqykbZ&flrEcj] 2015
ISSN 2249-0590
01L=kh 'kfDr fo'ks"kkad
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015foe'kZehfM;k
bl vad esa---
ekun lykgdkj laikndfo’oukFk lpnso] ijekRekukFk f}osnh
laikndJhdkar flag
428&jksfgr uxj] Qst&1] Hkksiky&462039 ¼eiz½eksckby % 09893598888
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leLr in voSrfud] jpukvksa dk nkf;Ro jpukdkjksa ijAfdlh Hkh fookn dk twfjlfMD’ku jk;iqj gksxkA
lg;ksx jkf'k;g vad % 50
okf"kZd % 200] ¼O;fDrxr½ % 400 ¼laLFkkxr½j
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euhvkMZj] Mªk¶V ;k psd ds uke ls gh HkstsaAckgj ds psd esa 40 #i;s vfrfjDr tksM+saA
ehfM;k foe'kZ&Hkksiky
eqnzd ,oa izdk’kd Hkwfedk f}osnh }kjk fiz;adk vkWQlsV] 25 ,& izsldkEiysDl] ,e-ih- uxj] Hkksiky ls eqfnzr djkdj ,e-vkbZ-th-& 37]gkmflax cksMZ dkyksuh] dpuk] jk;iqj ¼NÙkhlx<+½ ls izdkf’krA
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flus&foe'kZ
jkds'k mik/;k; 85
tUe fnol
lat; f}osnh 83Le`fr 'ks"k
osn izrki oSfnd 104mes'k prqoZsnh 105
1- lq/khj fo|kFkhZ 15
2- vadqj fot;oxhZ; 19
3- 'ksQkyh prqoZsnh 21
4- lh-t;'kadj ckcw 23
5- royhu flag 25
1. Puja Mishra 782. Mamta Ojha 80
1- eaxyk vuqtk 34
2- ofrZdk uank 37
3- fouhr mRiy 41
4- lat; f}osnh 45
5- lfork flag 49
6- lqHknzk jkBkSj 57
7- lat; dqekj 62
8- ;'kfLouh ikaMs 67
9- Le`fr vkfnR; 72
10- vkfnR; dqekj feJk 74
1- _rs'k pkS/kjh 272- fouhr mRiy 31
lk{kkRdkj
izlaxo'k
r#.k fot; 90
laikndh;
Hkk"kk dh Hkh gS ,d jktuhfrvkb, ryk'ksa fganh dh fodkl ck/kk
02
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
c tcfd Hkksiky esa fo'o fganh lEesyu flracj eghus esa gksus tk jgk rks ,d ckj
;g fopkj t:j gksuk pkfg, fd vkf[kj fganh ds fodkl dh leL;k,a D;k gSa\ os
dkSu ls yksx vkSj rRo gSa tks fganh dh fodkl ck/kk gSa\ lgh ek;uksa esa fganh ds
eku&vieku dk ladV jktuhfrd T;knk gSA ge fiNys lkr n'kdksa esa u rks fganh lekt
cuk lds u gh viuh Hkk"kk] ekVh vkSj laLd`fr dks izse djus okyk Hkko yksxksa ds eu esa
txk lds gSaA xqykeh esa feys] vaxzsft;r esa fyiVs ewY; vkt Hkh gekjs fy, vkd"kZd gSa
vkSj vkRerRo dh ukle>h gesa fujarj viuh gh tM+ksa ls nwj djrh tk jgh gSA ;wjksfi;u
fopkjksa ls izHkkfor gekjk lewpk lkoZtfud thou bldh felky gS vkSj ge blls fpids
jgus dh foo'krk ls Hkh f?kjs gSaA bruk vkRenSU; ;qä lekt 'kk;n nqfu;k dh fdlh
/kjrh ij fuokl djrk gksA bl vfu"V dks tkuus ds ckn Hkh ge bl pØ esa cus jguk
pkgrs gSaA
fganh vkt euksjatu vkSj oksV ekaxus Hkj dh Hkk"kk cudj jg x;h gS rks blds
dkj.k rks ge yksx gh gSaA ftl rjg dh QwgM+ dkesMh Vhoh ij n`';eku gksrh gS D;k ;gh
fganh dh 'kfä gS\ fganh ekul dks Hkz"V djus ds fy, Vhoh vkSj lewps ehfM;k {ks=k dk
;ksxnku de ugha gSA vkt fganh dh igpku mldh vdknfed miyfC/k;ksa ds fy, dgka
cu ik jgh gS\ mPp f'k{kk dk iwjk fØ;k&O;kikj vaxzsth ds lgkjs gh iy vkSj py jgk gSA
izkbZejh f'k{kk ls rks fganh dks iz;kliwoZd fuokZlu ns gh fn;k x;k gSA vkt fganh flQZ
etcwj vkSj xjhc lekt dh Hkk"kk cudj jg x;h gSA fganh dk jktuhfrd /ksjk vkSj
izHkko rks cuk gS] fdarq og pqukoh thrus rd gh gSA fganh {ks=k esa vaxzsth Ldwy ftl rsth
ls [kqy jgs gSa vkSj bafXy'k Lihfdax fl[kkus ds dksfpax ftl rjg iuis gSa og gekjs
vkRenSU; dk gh izdVhdj.k gSaA reke oSKkfud 'kks/k ;g crkrs gSa ekr`Hkk"kk esa f'k{kk gh
mi;ksxh gS] ij iwjh Ldwyh f'k{kk dks vaxzsth ij vk/kkfjr cukdj ge cPpksa dh ekSfyd
psruk dks u"V djus ij vkeknk gSaA
fganh Js"Bre Hkk"kk gS] gesa Js"Bre dks gh Lohdkj djuk pkfg,A ysfdu ge
viuh lksp] j.kuhfr vkSj VsDukykth esa fiNM+siu ds pyrs ekr [kk jgs gSaA ,sls esa viuh
detksfj;ksa dks igpkuuk vkSj 'kfä dk lgh vkdyu cgqr t:jh gSA vkt Hkkjr esa
fu'p; gh laidZ Hkk"kk ds :i esa fganh ,d Lohdk;Z Hkk"kk cu pqdh gS fdarq
jktuhfrd&iz'kklfud Lrj ij mldh mis{kk dk nkSj tkjh gSA cktkj Hkk"kk ds vuqlkj
cny jgk gSA ,d cM+h Hkk"kk gksus ds ukrs vxj ge bldh jktuhfrd 'kfä dks ,dtqV
djsa] rks ;g egRoiw.kZ gks ldrk gSA cktkj dks Hkh gekjs vuqlkj cnyuk vkSj <yuk
gksxkA fganh dh 'kfä dks cktkj vkSj euksjatu dh nqfu;k esa dke djus okyh 'kfä;ksa us
igpkuk gSA vkt fganh Hkkjr esa cktkj vkSj euksjatu dh lcls cM+h Hkk"kk gSA fdarq gekjs
vnqfu;k dh reke laLd`fr;ka
viuh tM+ksa dks ryk'k dj muds
ikl ykSV jgh gSaA reke lekt
vius gksus vkSj egRoiw.kZ gksus ds
fy, u;k 'kks/k djrs gq,] viuh
laLd`fr dk iquikZB dj jgs gSaA
,d ckj Hkkjr dk Hkh Hkkjr ls
ifjp; djkus dh t:jr gSA
mls mlds rRo vkSj lRo ls
ifjfpr djkus dh t:jr gSA
;gh Hkkjr ifjp; gesa Hkk"kk dh
jktuhfr ls cpk,xk] gekjh
igpku dh vfuok;Zrk dks Hkh
lkfcr djsxkA
jktuhfrd vkSj iz'kklfud rat ij NkbZ mifuos'koknh Nk;k
vkSj vaxzsft;r us gesa dgha dk ugha NksM+k gSA ns'k dk lkjk
jktuhfrd&iz'kklfud vkSj U;kf;d foe'kZ ,d fons'kh Hkk"kk
dk eksgrkt gSA gekjh cM+h vnkyrsa Hkh cspkjs vke fganqLrkuh
dks U;k; vaxzsth esa miyC/k djkrh gSaA bl lewps ra=k ds
f[kykQ [kM+s gksus vkSj cksyus dk lkgl gekjh jktuhfr esa ugha
gSA vktknh ds bu o"kksaZ esa gj jax vkSj gj >aMs us bl ns'k ij
jkt dj fy;k gS] fdarq fganh ogha dh ogha gSA fganh ds fy,
thus&ejus dh dlesa [kkus ds ckn lkjk dqN ogha Bgj tkrk gSA
jk"Vªfirk egkRek xka/kh vxj vktknh ds ckn dgrs gSa fd yksxksa
ls dg nks xka/kh vaxzsth Hkwy x;k gS rks blds cgqr lkgfld
vFkZ vkSj ladYi gSaA bl ladYi ls gekjh jktuhfr vius dks
tksM+us esa foQy ikrh gSA
Hkk"kk ds loky ij jktuhfrd ladYi ds vHkko us
fganh lfgr lHkh Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dks ix&ix ij viekfur
fd;k gSA fganh vkSj Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds lEeku dh txg
vaxzsth us ys yh gS] tks bl ns'k dh Hkk"kk ugha gSA vaxzsth
mifuos'kokn ds f[kykQ gekjh yM+kbZ D;k flQZ 'kkld cnyus
dh Fkh\ tkfgj rkSj ij ugha] ;g yM+kbZ ns'k vkSj mlds yksxksa
dks U;k; fnykus dh tax FkhA Lojkt ykus dh tax FkhA ;g ns'k
viuh Hkk"kkvksa es cksys] lksps] xk,] fopkj djs vkSj tax yM+s]
;gh liuk FkkA blfy, xqtjkr ds xka/kh ls ysdj nf{k.k ds
jktxksikykpkjh fganh ds lkFk fn[ksA fdarq vktknh ikrs gh ,slk
D;k gqvk fd gekjh Hkk"kk,a ouokl Hkst nh x;ha vkSj vaxzsth
fQj ls jkuh cu x;hA D;k gekjh Hkk"kk esa lkeF;Z ugha Fkh\
D;k gekjh Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk,a Kku&foKku ds fofo/k vuq'kkluksa
dks O;ä djus esa leFkZ ugha gSa\ gekjs ikl rfey tSlh iqjkuh
Hkk"kk gS] fganh tSlh O;kid Hkk"kk gS rks ckaXyk vkSj ejkBh tSlh
le`) Hkk"kkvksa dk lalkj gSA ysfdu 'kk;n vkRexkSjo u gksus
ds dkj.k ge viuh 'kfä dks de djds vkadrs gSaA
viuh Hkk"kk] viuh laLd`fr] viuh thou'kSyh vkSj
ewY;ksa dks nhurk ls ns[kuk vkSj mlds ysdj u xkSjocks/k] u
lEekucks/kA viuh ekVh dh phtsa gesa derj fn[krh gSaA Hkk"kk
Hkh mlh dk f'kdkj gSA ,sls esa tc dksbZ Hkh lekt vkRenSU;
dk f'kdkj gksrk gS rks og ,d n;uh; lekt curk gSA og
lekt viuh Nk;k ls Mjrk gSA mldk vkRefo'okl de gksrk
tkrk gS vkSj og viuh lQyrkvksa dks Hkh nwljksa dh Lohd`fr
ls gh Lohdkj dj ikrk gSA ;g Hkkjrcks/k c<+kus vkSj crkus dh
t:jr gSA Hkkjrcks/k vkSj HkkjrxkSjo u gksxk rks gesa gekjh
Hkk"kk vkSj Hkwfe nksuksa ls nwj tkuk gksxkA ge bl tehu ij
gksdj Hkh bl ekVh ds ugha gksxsaA
nqfu;k dh reke laLd`fr;ka viuh tM+ksa dks ryk'k
dj muds ikl ykSV jgh gSaA reke lekt vius gksus vkSj
egRoiw.kZ gksus ds fy, u;k 'kks/k djrs gq,] viuh laLd`fr dk
iquikZB dj jgs gSaA ,d ckj Hkkjr dk Hkh Hkkjr ls ifjp;
djkus dh t:jr gSA mls mlds rRo vkSj lRo ls ifjfpr
djkus dh t:jr gSA ;gh Hkkjr ifjp; gesa Hkk"kk dh jktuhfr
ls cpk,xk] gekjh igpku dh vfuok;Zrk dks Hkh lkfcr
djsxkA
^ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk ;g vad ehfM;k esa L=kh dh 'kfä
ij dsafnzr gSA bu rkdroj] fo}ku] [kwclwjr vkSj izca/ku ds
Kku ds ycjst fL=k;ksa us U;wt :e dk psgjk&eksgjk cny fn;k
gSA if=kdk dk ;g vad blh cnyko dks js[kkafdr djus dk
iz;kl gSA bl dksf'k'k esa dqN ukeoj ehfM;k gfLr;ksa ds
lk{kkRdkj] mudh izksQkby ds lkFk&lkFk fo'ys"k.kkRed ys[k
Hkh gSaA ckotwn blds ge ;g nkok ugha dj ldrs fd ;g
ehfM;k esa ekStwn L=kh 'kfä dk lexz ewY;kadu gSA lgh ek;us
esa ;g fogaxkoyksdu gh gSA ftlls ,d >yd feyrh gS fd
fdl rjg Hkkjrh; L=kh us ehfM;k dh dfBu nqfu;k esa ,d cM+h
txg cukbZ gSA os fujarj csgrj djrs gq, vkxs c<+ jgh gSaA ;g
ifjorZu lekt thou ds lHkh {ks=kksa esa ?kfVr gks jgs gSa] ,d
ehfM;k dsafnzr if=kdk gksus ds ukrs vius ifjos'k esa gks jgh bl
?kVuk dks js[kkafdr djus dh geus dksf'k'k dh gSA mEehn gS fd
vkidks ;g iz;kl ilan vk,xkA vkidh izfrfØ;kvksa dk
cslczh ls jgsxk bartkjA
lq/kh ikBdksa dks Lora=krk fnol] j{kkca/ku vkSj
tUek"Veh dh 'kqHkdkeuk,aA
ehfM;k esa L=kh 'kfä dk vorj.k%
¼lat; f}osnh½
bZ&esy%[email protected]
foe'kZehfM;k
03
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
feyh vkidh ikrh8 fganh v[kckjksa dh nqnZ'kk dk lVhd fp=k.k
vkt ewY;ghurk ds bl nkSj esa ehfM;k foe'kZ 2020 lqe/kqj >kssads dh rjg ru&eu esa LQwfrZ dk vfHkuo lapkj djrk gSA oSls rks
ehfM;k foe'kZ dk gj vad lEiw.kZ ehfM;k txr dk ekxZn'kZu djrk izrhr gksrk gSA fdUrq izLrqr vad esa fo}ku ys[kdksa }kjk
ftl m|ke vk'kkokfnrk dk ifjp; fn;k x;k gS og okLro esa LrqR; gSA Jh dey nhf{kr th us bl dky[k.M dks vkRefparu]
vkRe eaFku ds uke ls vfHkfgr fd;k gSA laikndh; esa fo}ku laiknd us fgUnh v[kckjksa dh nqnZ'kk dk lVhd fp=k.k mdsjk gSA
vkt fgUnh ds v[kckj i<+s ugha tk jgs gSa] cfYd iyVs tk jgs gSaA fgUnh ds v[kckjksa esa xaHkhj fo"k;ksa ds foe'kZ dk VksVk iM+rk tk
jgk gSA laiknd us bl lgt lPpkbZ dh vksj b'kkjk fd;k gSA vad esa vU; euhf"k;ksa }kjk orZeku dk vkdyu djrs gq, Hkfo";
dh laHkkouk dks x<+k x;k gS vkSj ehfM;k txr dh orZeku ,oa Hkkoh laHkkfor pqukSfr;ksa ls ikBd dks :c: djk;k x;k gSA vad
esa Jh v'kksd oktis;h ,oa Jh osn izrki oSfnd dk csckd vuq'khyu izHkkoksRiknd jgkA
vkt dh i=kdkfjrk dh ^csg;k;h* dks Hkh osn izrki oSfnd th us iwjh rjg ls m/kkM+ dj j[k fn;k gSA ehfM;k dh csg;k uaxbZ dh vksj lat;
f}osnh viuh laikfnr iqLrd ^HkweaMyhdj.k] ehfM;k vkSj lekt* esa b'kkjk dj pqds gSaA dqy feykdj vad iBuh; ,oa laxzg.kh; gSA izLrqr vad esa Jh
v"VHkqtk 'kqDy th dk ;k=kk o`Ùkkar i<+kA ;k=kk o`Ùkkar ds izFke nks i`"B Jh 'kqDy th dqN lQkbZ ls nsrs yxsA tSls fd fons'kh ;k=kk gsrq mudk p;u dksbZ
vijk/k gks x;k gS vkSj 'kqDy th iafDr nj iafDr] 'kCn&nj&'kCn vius vkidks funksZ"k lkfcr djus esa yxs gksaA tSls fd lewpk fgUnh lalkj Jh 'kqDy th
dks dB?kjs esa [kM+k fd, gS vkSj Jh 'kqDy th ;su&dsu izdkjs.k viuh funksZf"krk lkfcr djus dk vlQy iz;kl dj jgs gkasA ckr dqN le> esa ugha vkbZA
fgUnh ds izfrfuf/kRo tSls iz'u ij ftl ij fdlh Hkh LokfHkekuh O;fDr dks xoZ gksuk pkfg,] ;g n;uh; eqnzk D;ska\ D;k ;g fgUnh ys[kdksa dh
var'psruk esa fNih gqbZ ghu Hkkouk rks ugha\
Vision
& f'ko'kadj feJ] rqjdfg;k] cLrh ¼m-iz-½
8 fopkjksÙkstd cgl
dh 'kq#vkr
& Hkkjr Hkkj}kt134&,] Åuk ,UDyso] e;wj
fogkj] Qst& 1]fnYyh& 110091
;g fo'ks"kkad bl n`f"V ls
egRoiw.kZ gS fd blus Hkkjrh;
ehfM;k ds rsth ls cnyrs Lo#i
vkSj mldh pqukSfr;ksa ds ckjs esa ,d
fopkjksÙkstd cgl dh 'kq#vkr dh
gSA ;fn bl fo'ks"kkad esa dqN vkSj
ehfM;k fo'ys"kdksa ls vkxzg djds
fy[kok;k tkrk rks bldh lkFkZdrk
vkSj c<+ tkrhA cgjgky] tks gS de
ugha gSA blds fy, vki gekjh
gkfnZd c/kkbZ ysaA
'kqHkdkeukvksa ds lkFk]
04
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
8 ehfM;k ij lkFkZd ,oa xq.kkRed fdrkcksa dk u gksuk nks"k fdldk\
lkfgR; dks Hkh nsa egRo& MkW- :ipan xkSre] 228@9] eaMksyh] fnYyh& 93
& fot; dqekj izoklh] ukyklksikjk ¼bZLV½] eqEcbZ ¼egkjk"Vª½
8
dkQh le; ds ckn ehfM;k foe'kZ dk twu] 2015 dk vad feykA vad ds lkFk lat; f}osnh th
ds I;kj dh vuqHkwfr ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA iwjs vad esa Hkkjrh; ehfM;k fotu 2020 ij NksVs&cM+s ys[kdksa dh
Lora=k vfHkO;fDr ds :i esa if=kdk dks laokjk x;k gSA lpeqp esa laiknd egksn; c/kkbZ ds ik=k gSaA ;gh
vfHkO;fDr ehfM;k foe'kZ ds ikBdksa ds ekxZn'kZu dh Hkwfedk fuHkk;sxhA vktknh ds 68 lky ckn Hkh
ofrZdk uank ehfM;k ij lkFkZd o xq.kkRed fdrkcksa dk vHkko crk jgh gSaA fdrkc fy[kus okys] ikB~;Øe
cukus okys] i=k&if=kdkvksa ds fy, fjiksfVZax ls ysdj laiknu rd lHkh dk;Z djus okys ,d fo'ks"k oxZ ds
yksx gaSA Vhoh pSuyksa ij Hkh ,d fo'ks"k oxZ ds yksxksa }kjk cgl gksrh gSA ;kuh lewpk ckSf)d oxZ ,d
fo'ks"k tkfr ls cuk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ehfM;k ij lkFkZd ,oa xq.kkRed fdrkcksa dk u gksuk nks"k fdldk\
tks yksx i=k&if=kdkvksa esa cM+s&cM+s ys[k fy[krs gSaA Vh-oh- pSuyksa ij yEch&yEch ckrsa djrs gSaA muds fy,
;g cM+s 'keZ dh ckr gSA laiknd egksn; ofrZdk uank dh ckr dks xaHkhj :i ls ysaA laHko gks lds rks if=kdk
dk ,d vad ehfM;k ls lEcfU/kr fdrkcksa ij vkuk pkfg,A izdk'k nqcs o nsoozr flag dk vkyss[k cgqr
vPNk yxkA ftruh izla'kk dh tk, mruh gh de gSA
vkidh if=kdk fu'p; gh ehfM;k ds lanHkkZsa ij ns'k dh lcls egRoiw.kZ if=kdk gSA blesa gksus
okyh ppkZ;sa i=kdkj txr ds fy, csgn mi;ksxh gSaA D;k gh vPNk gksrk vxj dqN i`"B lkfgR; vkSj
laLd`fr ds fy, Hkh vkjf{kr fd;s tkrsA lkfgR; dh viuh [kkl vkSj cM+h txg gSA eq[;/kkjk dh ehfM;k
esa lkfgR; dks gkf'k;s ij yxk fn;k x;k gSA ,sls esa ehfM;k foe'kZ Hkh lkfgR; vkSj laLd`fr ls eqag eksM+ ys
rks vk'p;Z gksrk gSA
8 mÙkstuk QSykus dk nks"kh gS ehfM;k
& jk?kosUnz d`".k izrki] jkes'ojiqjh] cLrh ¼m-iz-½
ehfM;k foe'kZ dk fotu 2020 vad ns[kkA doj us vo'; vk'oLr fd;k] ftlesa vkRefo'okl]d#.kkiw.kZrk vkSj l`tu'khyrk ij ;g vad vkSj laiw.kZ ehfM;k dsafnzr gksuk pkfg,] ,slk fn[kkbZ fn;kA ysfdu tci`"B iyVus yxk rc dgha vk'kk] dgha nqjk'kk fn[kus yxhA ehfM;k ds vkRefo'oklh gksus dk vFkZ gS] og tks dqNikBdksa ds lkeus j[k jgk gS] mldk leqfpr lR;kiu fd;k tk pqdk gSA bldk ,d vFkZ ;g Hkh gS fd ehfM;k dsizfr mlds miHkksäkvksa esa fo'okl gksuk pkfg,] ;g ugha fd lwpuk] lekpkj dh rhoz xfr cjdjkj j[kus ds fy,]vkSj izfr}af}rk esa vkxs jgus ds fy,] vlR;kfir vkSj v/kdpjs rF; lkeus ijksl fn;s tk,aA nwljk 'kCn gSd#.kk'khy gksukA d#.kk cgqr O;kid 'kCn gS] bles uSfrdrk] /kkfeZd vkLFkk] drZO; Hkkouk lc dqN fleVvkrk gSA ysfdu d#.kk dk fo:i.k cgqr izdkj ls fd;k tk jgk gSA ckS) vkSj vU; /kekZuq;k;h bldks vius /keksaZdk dsUnz Lohdkj djrs gSaA ysfdu d#.kk&vk/kkfjr /keZkuq;k;h vius }kjk fgalk ugha djuk pkgrs gq, Hkh] nwljs dhfgalk dks izksRlkfgr djrs gSaA vc] ehfM;k/kehZ lkekU;r;k bl ckr dk i{kiks"k.k djrs jgrs gSa fd os tulk/kkj.krd lekpkj ;k lwpuk 'kh?kzkfr'kh?kz igqapkuk pkgrs gSa] ;g mudk uSfrd /keZ gSA ysfdu eqEcbZ geys ds le;
mudk ;g rdZ bruk ew[kZrkiw.kZ gks x;k Fkk fd muds foosd ij rjl vkus yxk Fkk] os Hkwy x, Fks fd rRdky lwpuk izlkfjr djus dh >ksad esa& eaSmls ikxyiu vkSj foosdghurk dgw¡xk& os vkradokfn;ksa dh gh lgk;rk igq¡pk jgs FksA vkt Hkh uDly vkSj ekvksoknh xfrfof/k;ksa ds le; iqfylvkSj lsuk dh xfrfof/k;ksa dks izlkfjr djus eas] os vkradokfn;ksa dh lgk;rk djus ds vijk/kh cu tkrs gSaA
ehfM;k dgha u dgha vkrad QSykus] turk dks vuko';d :i es Hk;Hkhr djus dk dke Hkh djrk gS A vkt dk ehfM;k de ls demÙkstuk QSykus dk nks"kh vkSj vekuoh; rks gS ghA ehfM;k dh laiw.kZ l`tu'khyrk mldh viuh ugha foKku ds uohu vkfo"dkjksa ij vk/kkfjr gSAgk¡] fodflr ns'kksa esa ;g rduhd fdl izdkj mi;ksx dh tkrh gS] dh tk jgh gS] bl ij mldh utj jgrh gS] vkSj jguh Hkh pkfg,A ijarq ;g Hkh;kn j[kuk pkfg,] ;g l`tu'khy gksus ds ctk; dqN vkSj gh gSA vc if=kdk ds dF; ij vkb,A ,d vkys[k esa ehfM;k dk iz'u mBk;k x;k gS]tSls lkjs vkanksyu nwljh phtksa dk ifjizs{; u ns[krs gq,] dsoy vius fgr lk/ku dh nkSM+ eas gSaaA os cM+s ifjisz{; es phtksa dks ns[kuk ugha pkgrsA tcnl gtkj _.k ds fy, dksbZ fdlku vkRegR;k djrk gS] vFkok ,d laiUu fdlku ,d Hkjh lHkk esa Qaklh yxk ysrk gS] rks ;g euksoSKkfud vkSjikfjokfjd leL;kvksa vkSj vius dks fof'k"V cukus dk iz;kl yxrk gS] vFkok ;g Hkh lksp dj fd;k x;k izn'kZu gS fd nwljs yksx rks eq>s cpk ghysaxsA ,d vkSj vkys[k rks miHkksäkvksa }kjk ehfM;k ds Lo:i r; djus ij vk/kkfjr gSA miHkksDrkvksa us lekt dh Hkk"kk rks r; dj gh nh gS vkSjgekjs nwjn'khZ lkfgR;dkjksa us mldks Hkqukuk Hkh izkjaHk dj fn;k gSA
lkfgR; dk mís';] tks lkekU; tu#fp dks ifj"d`r djus dk Fkk] mlls le>kSrk djds] vius dks fcdkÅ cukus dk mís'; viuk fy;kx;k gSA ,sls vifj"d`r lkfgR; lsoh igys Hkh Fks] vkSj vc Hkh v[kckjksa ds <sj ds uhps ;k nqdku ds fiNys fgLls eas] mudh jpuk,a fey tkrh gSaAehfM;k dks lkekU; cuus dk mís'; viukus ds dkj.k] mudh fcØh pkgs ftruh c<+ xbZ gks] tu#fp dks ifj"d`r djus dk vkSj mudks vPNh Hkk"kkfl[kkus dk mís'; NwV x;k gSA vkt ds v[kckjksa dh f[kpM+h Hkk"kk] vaxzsth eqgkojksa ds 'kCn'k% vuqokn djus dh izo`fÙk ij rjl rks vkrk gh gSA ijehfM;kdehZ v[kckj pykus okys /kuifr;ksa ds ukSdj gSa vkSj mudks viuk ifjokj cpkuk gS] lekt eas ,d LVsVl cukuk gS] ;g lksp dj\ blh vades ,d NksVk vkys[k vPNk yxk] mlesa ysf[kdk] xSch fgufLyQ] }kjk ,d Toyar iz'u mBk;k x;k gS% ß;g lekpkj ehfM;k ls layXu yksxksa ds vga]ns'kHkfä vkSj vkSj vkRepsruk ls ,d vihy gSA D;k Hkkjr ,d laiUu lekpkj ehfM;k pkgrk gS] tks ckWyhoqM vkSj fØdsV ds flrkjksa]QS'ku&izn'kZuksa] bysDVªkWfud& vkfo"dkjksa ds u, :iksa vkSj vijk/kksa ls gh izlUu gks tk,\ vFkok Hkkjrh; ehfM;k mlls Åij mBdj mPp Lrjh;]xq.kkRed] xaHkhj lekpkj fjiksfVZax ds dk;Z dks Hkkjrh; thou dh xq.kkRedrk c<+kus vkSj Hkkjrh; ehfM;k dks oSf'od Js"Brk iznku djuss dhpqukSrh Lohdkj djsxk\ ;fn 21oha 'krkCnh ,f'k;k dh 'krkCnh gksuh gS] rks D;k loZJs"B lekpkj ,f'k;k ls ugha vkus pkfg,\Þ
foe'kZehfM;k
05
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
8 nhun;ky th ij Kkuo/kZd lkexzh
& lfPpnkuan feJ] izkpk;Z] ia- egknso 'kqDy d`"kd ih-th-dkWyst] xkSj ¼cLrh½
vkids }kjk izsf"kr if=kdk ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* izkIr gqbZA iafMr nhun;ky mik/;k; ij lHkh ys[k fopkjksÙkstd ,oa Kkuo)Zd gSaA
iafMr th ds fopkjksa ,oa d`frRo ij fogaxe n`f"V if=kdk ls izkIr gqbZA vkidk ;g iz;kl cgqr lkFkZd ,oa izsj.kknk;h gSA blh izdkj
le;≤ ij vU; mu euhf"k;ksa ij lkexzh nsrs jgsa tks Hkkjrh;rk ,oa Hkkjrh; n'kZu dks vkRelkr djds lekt ds fy, izsj.kk cusA
8 egRoiw.kZ loky mBkrh gS if=kdk
& t;k tknokuh] 14] [kq'kh ,UDyso] ohvkbZih ekuk jksM] iksLV& jfoxzke veyhMhg] jk;iqj& 492006 ¼N-x-½
ehfM;k foe'kZ dk 2020 esjs gkFkksa esa gSA gj vad dh rjg ;g vad Hkh [kkl gSA lat; dk laikndh; dqN
egRoiw.kZ loky mBkrk gSA ;gh ,d mYys[kuh; if=kdk dk dke gS fd ,d ltx izgjh dh rjg lekt dh detksfj;ksa ds
f[kykQ [kM+h jgsA fganh okyksa esa ;g dSlh ghu Hkkouk gS tks bruh leFkZ Hkk"kk ds fo'ks"kK gksrs gq;s Hkh /khjs&/khjs ihNs gVrs gq;s
vaxzsth dh ?kqliSB Lohdkj djrs tk jgs gSaA Hkkjrh; ekufldrk Hkh bl ckr dh nks"kh gS fd ge cPps dh xyr vaxzsth ekQ ugha
djrs vkSj xyr fganh ij xoZ eglwl djrs gSaA D;k ;qokvksa dk leLr Hkfo"; vc vaxzsth ds gkFkksa esa gS\ fganh okys gj ckr esa
Lo;a dks fiNM+k gqvk D;ksa ekurs vkSj eglwl djrs gSa\ fganh v[kckjksa ds Lrj ij Hkh dqN egRoiw.kZ loky mBs gSa] ftldh
Nkuchu ehfM;k dks vius Hkhrj mrjdj djuh pkfg;sA lat; ds m}sfyr djus okys lokyksa ds lkFk &lkFk vU; lkexzh Hkh
fopkj.kh; gSA lqqHknzk jkBkSj dk ^izfrjks/k dk 'kkWfdax rjhdk* vkSj v"VHkqtk 'kqDy dh ekjh'kl ;k=kkA vkidks vius fo"k; ds
lkFk cgk ys tkrs gSaA lkexzh esa fofo/krk gSA vkSj lat; vkidks bl lrr iz;kl dh c/kkbZ vkSj 'kqHkdkeuk,aA
vision
8 bUgha ladVksa ls gh fudysxk jkLrk
fnus'k nqcs] i=dkj% nSfud fganqLrku] lqYrkuiqj
^ehfM;k foe'kZ* ds xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk fo'ks"kkad dks i<+us
vkSj le>us dk gky esa volj feykA bl vad dks ehfM;k esa vk,
cnyko vkSj mlls uQk&uqdlku dk nLrkost dgk tk ldrk gSA
blds vfrfFk laiknd dey 'kekZ ds bl dFku ls lger gwa fd ^mnwZ
i=kdkfjrk vad ds ckn {ks=kh; Hkk"kk dh dM+h esa fd;k x;k ;g iz;kl
fuf'pr gh ikBdksa dks ilan vk,xkA* blds fy, ehfM;k foe'kZ ds
dk;Zdkjh laiknd lat; f}osnh vkSj mudh Vhe dks c/kkbZA fo'ks"kkad
esa ofj"B vkfFkZd i=kdkj 'kf'kdkar clkuh dh fpark lkS Qhlnh lgh gS fd vkt lekpkj
buLik;MZ gksrs gaSA dkjksckjh vkSj m|ksxifr;ksa ds fgr lk/ku ds ek/;e gSaA ogha fiadh
nyky dh i=kdkfjrk ds fxjrs Lrj fpark tk;t gSA Hkxorh dqekj 'kekZ dgrs gaS fd ubZ
ih<+h esa dke ds izfr leiZ.k vkSj fu"Bk esa deh vkbZ vkSj 'kkVZdV ds jkLrs vkxs c<+uk
pkgrh gSA euh"k esgrk dh ckr lksyg vkus lgh gS fd ftu ehfM;k gkml us ikBdksa dh
ilan dks ugha igpkuk] mlds vfLrRo dks [krjk iSnk gksrk tk jgk gSA fdjhV x.kk=kk dk
dFku dh v[kckjksa ds izlkj Hkys c<+s gaS mlds daVsV DokfyVh esa fxjkoV vkbZ gSA ;g
mudk vdsys dk ,glkl ugha oju muds tSls vkSj yksxksa dk Hkh ,slk gh ,glkl gSA
dkSf'kd esgrk] dkuk okVok] egs'k ifjey] vk'kh"k tks'kh ds lk{kkRdkj esa i=kdkfjrk dh
dekscs'k bUgha fparkvksa dks mdsjk x;k gSA bu foHkwfr;ksa dh fpark,a lkQ rkSj ij bl vksj
ladsr djrh gaS fd vkt lekpkj i=kksa esa laiknd dh lÙkk vkSj mldh egÙkk dk yksi
gqvk gS vkSj gksrk tk jgk gSA ehfM;k gkmlksa dh iSlk dekus dh gol us i=kdkfjrk dks
[kwVh ij Vkax fn;k gSA lekpkj uQk uqdlku dks /;ku esa j[kdj ijksls tk jgs gSaA blh
vad esa ofj"B i=kdkj jke cgknqj jk; dh iqLrd leh{kk ds gokys ls Hkqxrku'kqnk
[kcjksa dk nkSj bl ladV ij dsafnzr gSA [kcjksa dk LFkku foKkiu ys jgs gSaA fuf'pr rkSj
ij i=kdkj vkSj i=kdkfjrk dk orZeku ladV esa gSA ij] esjk Hkjkslk gS fd i=kdkfjrk ds
bl ladV dk var gksxkA bldh 'kq#vkr fdlh u fdlh cgkus gks pqdh gSA ofj"B 'kk;j
c'khj cnz ds 'kCnksa esa&
ge rks nfj;k gS gesa viuk gquj ekywe gS
ftl rjQ Hkh py iM+saxs jkLrk gks tk,xkA
&
06
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
8 Kkuo/kZd vad
izlkj ij nsa /;ku8
ftl if=kdk ls bruh cM+h la[;k esa cqf)thoh oxZ
dk tqM+ko gks] og if=kdk fuf'pr gh cgqr de le; esa viuk
LFkku cuk ysxhA vkB o"kkZsa esa bldk izR;sd vad laxzg.kh; jgk
gSA if=kdk esa le;≤ ij nh xbZ lkexzh [kkldj xqtjkrh
i=kdkfjrk ij vkids }kjk fudkyk x;k vad cgqr Kkuo/kZd
jgkA fotu 2020 ij dsfUnzr vad us Hkfo"; ds ehfM;k dk
,d ifjn`'; ge lcds lkeus j[kk gSA bl vad esa ;qok ys[kdksa
lk{kh lksuh] iz'kkar flag rksej] vk;q"kh f=kikBh ds fopkj Hkh
ljkguh; jgsA izdk'k nqcs th dk ys[k ,d ubZ n`f"V nsrk gSA
vkidk ;g iz;kl fujarj izxfr djrk gqvk Kku ds {ks=k esa
lEekfur gks ;gh dkeuk gSA
ehfM;k foe'kZ if=kdk dks eSa okjk.klh esa [kjhndj
i<+rk jgkA fdUrq dqN le; ls if=kdk ds cktkj esa n'kZu ugha
gks jgs gSaA ,sls esa esjs tSls ikBd tks bls LVky ls [kjhndj i<+rs
Fks bldh miyC/krk ls oafpr gSaA ehfM;k foe'kZ tSlh Js"B
vkSj xq.koÙkkiw.kZ if=kdkvksa dk vf/kd ls vf/kd izpkj&izlkj
gksuk pkfg,A rkfd blesa izdkf'kr gksus okyh lkexzh vf/kd ls
vf/kd yksxksa dks izkIr gksA if=kdk ds fo'ks"kkadksa us ftl izdkj
dk foe'kZ vkt dh i=kdkfjrk ij fd;k gS og csgn laxzg.kh;
gSA esjs ikl if=kdk ds iqjkus lHkh vad gSaA vkxs bl if=kdk dks
dSls izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS bl ckjs esa tkudkjh nsaxs rks
lqfo/kk jgsxhA
& iznhi dqekj ;kno] izca/kd]Jherh jkeoklh ,twds'kuy ,dsMeh] xkSjk xus'kiqj]
ftyk cLrh ¼m-iz-½
& jk?kosUnz flag] fo|kihB jksM] okjk.klh ¼m-iz-½
foe'kZehfM;k
07
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
8 laxzg.kh; vad
& eerk vks>k] ,lksfl,V izksQslj]Ldwy vkWQ ehfM;k LVMht] tkxj.k ysdflVh ;qfuoflZVh] Hkksiky ¼e-iz-½
ehfM;k foe'kZ dk fotu 2020 vad ,d laxzg.kh; vad gSA gj ys[k us u;k Kku fn;kA pw¡fd lky 2020 esa fMftVy
ehfM;k esa cgqr laHkkouk,¡ gSa& rks bl vad esa fMftVy ehfM;k lacf/kr dkQh tkudkjh gSA lat; f}osnh th dk laikndh;
^ckSf)d foe'kksZa ls ukrk rksM+ pqds gSa fganh v[kckj* esa cgqr gh vPNh Hkk"kk i<+us dks feyhA ;g laikndh; viuh Hkk"kk ds
dkj.k nksckjk i<+us dh bPNk iSnk djrk gSA laikndh; dh dqN iafDr;k¡ tSls ^lekpkj i=k i<+s ugha iyVs tk jgs gSa* fnekx esa
fpfUgr gks x;h gS D;ksafd ;g fcydqy lgh gSA
dey nhf{kr th dk ys[k Hkh cgqr gh fopkjksÙkstd jgk] ftlesa mUgksaus fy[kk gS fd ^^tc xk¡o fMftVy gks jgs gSa rks vHkh
rks ge ru jgs gSa] ysfdu vkxs tkdj dgha >qdus ij ck/; rks u gksaxs** bl okD; esa Hkfo"; dh fpark >ydrh gSA mudh dqN
vkSj iafDr;k¡ xkSjryc gS tSls fd ^xwxy us tks vuqokn dh lqfo/kk cukbZ og gekjk dkS'ky] {kerk o lkeF;Z c<+kus ds fy, gS
;k cktkj ds Qk;ns ds fy,*A ckysUnq nk?khp tks fd izHkklk{kh ds lewg laiknd gSa mudk ys[k cgqr gh Kkuo/kZd jgkA muds
ys[k us fMftVy ehfM;k dh ikjaifjd ek/;eksa ij vkus okyh pqukSfr;ksa dk csgrjhu o.kZu fd;k gSA bl ys[k us fMftVy
ehfM;k ds ckjs esa dbZ ubZ ckrsa crkbZA dqN feykdj ehfM;k foe'kZ dks c/kkbZ nh tkuh pkfg, fd mlds dkj.k mlds ikBdksa esa ckSf)drk dk fodkl gks
jgk gSA pw¡fd eSa ehfM;k dks i<+krh gw¡ rks eSa vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa Hkh ckSf)drk dk btkQk gksuk ns[kuk pkgrh gw¡A ehfM;k foe'kZ ds ys[k] eSa Dykl esa
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks i<+kšxh] rkfd muds vanj bl if=kdk fo"k; dks i<+us dh #fp mRiUu gksA vxj dksbZ 'kks/k if=kdk fo"k; ds izfr lksp] le>] tquwu]
tkxzfr o #fp iSnk dj ns rks og vius mís'; esa lQy gSA ehfM;k foe'kZ ,d ,slk gh iz;kl gSA ;g iz;kl nh?kZthoh gks blds fy, iwjh Vhe dks esjh vksj
ls cgqr&cgqr 'kqHkdkeuk;saA
8 mEehn dh mM+ku
& lfjrk ;kno] xzke o iksLV& xkSjk]tuin&cLrh ¼m-iz-½
ehfM;k foe'kZ dk u;k vad ^fgUnh
i=kdkfjrk ds ghjks* cgqr izHkko'kkyh o laxzg.kh; gSA
flusek ij yxkrkj rhu vad ds ckn ehfM;k esa gq,
cnyko vkSj vc fganh i=kdkfjrk ds lw=k/kkjksa dh
fo'ks"krk,¡] [kwfc;k¡ vkSj muds ;ksxnku dks c[kwch
izLrqr fd;k x;kA lgh le; ij mfpr ,ao xaHkhj
fo"k;ksa ds p;u o mlds izdk'ku dks ysdj ^ehfM;k
foe'kZ* dh lfØ;rk mls fur u, vk;ke rd ys
tk,xh] ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk yxkrkj vius rsoj vkSj
dysoj esa fu[kjrs gq, fn[kuk gesa vk'kkfUor djrk gSA
reke fo"k;ksa ls vdknfed f'k{kk xzg.k dj
vyx&vyx i`"BHkwfe es iys&c<+s lHkh i=kdkjksa ds
i=kdkjh; deZ dks ,d txg iUus ij mdsjuk cgqr
nq#g dk;Z gSA bl vad i<+rs oDr dqN i=kdkjksa dks
ysdj eu es tks ftKklk iSnk gks jgh FkhA ftudk uke
bl vad esa ugha Fkk gkykafd vHkh lqfu;ksftr <ax ls gq,
bl iz;kl dks ns[kdj ;gh yxrk gS fd vkxkeh vadksa
esa vki mu vU; egRoiw.kZ gfLr;ksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh
nsaxsA
8 oSpkfjd nfjnzrk ls Åij mBsa v[kckj
& vk'kh"k dqekj] dnedqvka] iVuk ¼fcgkj½
if=kdk ds twu 2015 ds fo'ks"kkad bafM;u ehfM;k fotu 2020 esa ftl izdkj ds
fo"k; mBk;s x;s gSa os ehfM;k dks ,d ubZ jks'kuh nsus okys gSaA ;g ckr lp gS fd vkt dk
ehfM;k ifjn`'; vkSj mldh pqukSfr;ka cgqr vyx gSaA i=kdkfjrk vc ehfM;k cudj vius
vkdkj&izdkj vkSj izHkko esa ,d vyx gh lalkj jp jgh gSA baVjusV vk/kkfjr ehfM;k us
v[kckjksa dh izklafxdrk ij loky [kM+s dj fn;s gSaA v[kckj Hkh blds fy, de nks"kh ugha gSaA
fganh ds v[kckj ,d xgjh oSpkfjd nfjnzrk ds f'kdkj gSaA laikndh; esa vkius bl vksj b'kkjk
Hkh fd;k gSA fdarq HkweaMyhdj.k vkSj O;kolk;hdj.k ds nckc esa ehfM;k vius vkidks cnysxk
;g dg ikuk dfBu gSA iwoZ jk"Vªifr MkW- vcqy dyke ehfM;k ls ftl izdkj dh ldkjkRedrk
dh mEehn djrs Fks oSlk gks ikuk esjs tSls ikBdkas ds fy, vlaHko lk yxrk gSA ehfM;k foe'kZ ds
ek/;e ls i=kdkjksa ds vkRefparu vkSj vkReeaFku ds fy, vki tks HkkxhjFk iz;kl dj jgs gSa
mldh ljkguk djuh gh gksxhA blds lkFk gh Hkkjrh; ifjn`'; esa lcls cM+h t:jr ;g gS fd
ge izsl dkSafly ds ctk; vc ehfM;k dkSafly dh LFkkiuk djsaA blds lkFk&lkFk ljdkj dks
;g Hkh pkfg, fd og ØkWl ehfM;k vkWujf'ki dks ysdj dM+s dkuwu cuk;sA ftlls ,d ehfM;k
esa dke djus okyh daiuh nwljh ehfM;k esa dke u dj ldsA vkt gkykr ;g gSa fd ,d gh
daiuh ds ikl jsfM;ks] Vhoh] v[kckj] osc] eksckby U;wt] MhVh,p dk dkjksckj lkjk dqN gSA
blls Hkkjr tSls cM+s ns'k esa ehfM;k dh fofo/krk dks [krjk mRiUu gqvk gSA daVsaV dks fu;af=kr
djus vkSj ,tsaMk lsV djus okyh 'kfDr;ksa dh rkdr bl ukrs c<+ jgh gSA blh rjg i=kdkjksa ds
ost cksMZ dks ysdj Hkh ehfM;k daifu;ka ftl izdkj dh gjdrsa dj jgh gSa mls Hkh jksduk pkfg,A
ef.klkuk ost cksMZ dks ysdj fganqLrku dh ehfM;k daifu;ka tSlk vkpj.k dj jgh gSa og
deZpkjh fojks/kh vkSj i=kdkfjrk fojks/kh gSA
8 vYVjusfVo bdkWukeh iSnk djus dh pqukSrhiwoZ jk"Vªifr ,-ih-ts- vCnqy
dyke dh ifjdYiuk ^fotu 2020* dksdsanz esa j[kdj ^bafM;u ehfM;k fotu2020* fo"k; ls izdkf'kr fd;k x;kehfM;k foe'kZ if=kdk dk ;g vad izkIrgqvkA ;g vad ,d ,sls le; esa gekjschp vk;k gS tc MkW- dyke gekjs chpugha jgsA ,sls esa bl vaddh izklafxdrk vkSj Hkh
c<+ tkrh gSA lkFk gh] laiknd us bl fo"k; dks ,d,sls le; esa mBk;k gS tc ehfM;k ij vyx&vyxizdkj ds vkjksi&izR;kjksi vkjksfir fd;s tk jgs gSa]elyu isM U;wt] lkekftd eqíksa ij laosnughurk]fdlh [kkl fopkj/kkjk dh i{k/kjrk] [kcj ds ukeij QwgM+rk vkfnA ,sls esa gekjs Hkfo"; dh ehfM;kdSlh gks\ ;g ,d xaHkhj vkSj fpark dk fo"k; gSA
izLrqr vad esa ehfM;k {ks=k ls tqM+sfofHkUu fo}kuksa vkSj i=kdkjksa ds fopkjksa dkslfEefyr dj laiknd us bl leL;k dk gy <w<+usvkSj Hkkjrh; ehfM;k dks u;h fn'kk nsus dh igy dh gS tksljkguh; gSA laikndh; esa laiknd us ,d xaHkhj iz'u mBk;k gSvkf[kj dSls vkt dk v[kckj ckSf)d foe'kksaZ ls nwj gksrk tk jgkgSA vkt v[kckj gekjs lkeus ,d izksMDV ds rkSj ij gSA nfyrfoe'kZ] eqfLye foe'kZ] L=kh foe'kZ] tuljksdkj vkSj ekuokf/kdkjls tqM+s eqís vkt v[kckjksa ls unkjn fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa tks ,dfopkj.kh; fo"k; gSA vkt gesa ,d ,sls ehfM;k dh vko';drk gStks Hkkjr ds cgqyrkoknh n`f"Vdks.k dks cgky j[k lds rHkh 2020rd Hkkjr ,d laosnu'khy vkSj tuljksdkjh ehfM;k dh dkeukdj ldrk gSA if=kdk esa jktho oekZ us vius ys[k esa ehfM;k?kjkuksa dks ,d u, lkaps esa <kyus vkSj mldh dk;Ziz.kkyh esa gksusokys cnyko dh vksj b'kkjk fd;k gSA vxj Hkfo"; esa dqN blrjg dk ehfM;k dk Lo#i lkeus vkrk gS rks vk'kk dh tk ldrhgS fd ikBdksa vkSj n'kZdksa dks fy, Hkfo"; esa ehfM;k }kjk izLrqrfd;s tk jgs daVsaV esa Hkh cnyko ns[kus dks feysaxsA ftlls muesaT;knk foosd'khyrk vkSj le> iSnk gksxhA ckysUnq nk/khp us viusfo"k;kuqlkj uo&ehfM;k ij ,d yach ckrphr dh gS tks t:jh HkhgSA eq>s yxrk gS fd tc Hkfo"; dh ehfM;k dh ckr dj jgs gaS rks,sls esa ehfM;k ds u, lalk/kuksa dks utjankt ugha fd;k tkukpkfg, gSA MkW- lq'khy f=kosnh us Hkh bl ckr dk ftØ fd;k gSAvkus okys le; esa Hkkjr dk ,d cM+k rcdk f'kf{kr gksxk tksehfM;k ds gj ,d lalk/kuksa ij viuh idM+ cukus dh dksf'k'kdjsxkA cs'kd vkus okys le; esa uo&ehfM;k gh vkeyksxksa ds fy,
,d oSdfYid ehfM;k ds rkSj ij lkeus gksxkA
bl vksj Hkh /;ku nsus dh t#jr gS fd ehfM;k tks lektvkSj yksdra=k dk izgjh ekuk tkrk gS] vc ;g cgl py iM+h gS fdehfM;k ij fuxjkuh dh tk;sA vkf[kj ,slk D;ksa\ bldk dkj.k ehfM;kesa rsth ls c<+rh O;olkf;drk ls gSA vkt dkWiksZjsV ?kjkuk ehfM;k dkslaHkkyuk pkg jgk gSA vc le; vk x;k gS fd ehfM;k Lo;a ds fy,,d vYVjusfVo bdkWukeh iSnk djs rkfd og Lo;a dks Lora=k :i lspykus dh fLFkfr esa vk tk;s vkSj ehfM;k tc Lora=k gksxk rHkh Hkfo";
ds fy, viuh dksbZ fn'kk fu/kkZfjr dj ldrk gSA blvad esa ys[kdksa us ehfM;k ds cqfu;knh ewY;ksa]pqukSfr;ksa] daVsaV vkSj rduhdh i{kksa esa vkus okyscnyko dks ysdj ,d xaHkhj foe'kZ fd;k gSA eSale>rk gwa vkt dk le; Hkkjrh; ehfM;k ds fy,dkQh ewY;oku gSA vc Hkkjrh; ehfM;k dkslaosnu'khy] tuljksdkjh rFkk vkSj Hkh vf/kdekuoh; ewY;ksa ds lkFk dke djuk gSA ,sls esa ehfM;kfoe'kZ ds bl vad us tks igy dh gS bu foe'kksaZ dks/;ku esa j[kdj ehfM;k dks vkxs dk;Z djus dhvko';drk gSA
& ,grs'kke vgen [kku] Mhu ,oafoHkkxk/;{k] i=dkfjrk ,oa tulapkj ladk;] ekSykuk
vktkn us'kuy mnwZ ;wfuoflZVh] gSnjkcknbZ&esy&
eks- [email protected],
08
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
vfHkthr oktis;h ugha jgsehfM;k foe'kZ ds lqifjfpr ys[kd vkSj
ek[kuyky prqosZnh fo'ofo|ky; ds lgk;d
izk/;kid vfHkthr cktis;h dk fny dk nkSjk
iM+us ls fu/ku gks x;kA os 45 lky ds Fks vkSj
fiNys dqN le; ls chekj py jgs FksA
vfHkthr cktis;h izca/ku fo"k; ds izk/;kid
Fks rFkk fo'ofo|ky; esa xr 8 o"kksaZ ls lsokjr
FksA fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds chp os cgqr yksdfiz; FksA
vfHkthr cktisbZ dk vafre laLdkj HknHknk
foJke ?kkV esa fd;k x;k ftlesa fo'ofo|ky; ds dqyifr]
vf/kdkfj;ksa] deZpkfj;ksa us vius lg;ksxh vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa us vius
fiz; f'k{kd dks HkkoHkhuh J)katfy nhA mudh 13 o"khZ; iq=kh
vkfnfr us firk dks eq[kkfXu nhA
ehfM;k foe'kZ ifjokj dh vksj ls J)katfyA
HkksikyA
8 ehfM;k esa gS utfj;k cnyus dh rkdr
& 'kf'kdyk JhokLro] iz/kkukpk;Z]Jh ';ke cgknqj vk;Z dU;k bUVj dkyst]
cLrh ¼m-iz-½
ehfM;k foe'kZ dk u;k vad feykA gj ckj dh rjg vius vuqie dysoj ds lkFk ,d u;s fdUrq orZeku ifjos'k esa ,d
ToyUr eqís dks ysdjA doj ist dks ns[kdj ftKklk c<+h fd D;k gS ^2020 dk fotu* fdUrq n`f"V :d x;h& ^lEikndh;*
ds ^fldqM+rk nk;jk* 'kh"kZd dks gh i<+djA ,slk yxk tSls gekjh gh bPNkvksa dks lEiknd us fyfic) djds lkdkj dj
fn;k gSA lp ;gh gS& vkt ds v[kckj i<+s ugha iyVs tkrs gSaA mlesa dyk] laxhr] laLd`fr] foKku tSls fo"k;ksa ls lEc)
dqN gksrk gh ugha gSA ;s lekpkji=k dsoy lwpuk ds lk/ku ek=k cu dj jg x;s gSaA fo'ks"k dj pksjh] vigj.k] gR;k] lM+d
gknlk vkSj lcls c<+dj jsi ,oa NsM+NkM+ dsA ;s lekpkji=k lPps vFkkZsa esa ^lekt dk niZ.k* gSa] fdUrq ;s lekt ds pkSFks vkSj
l'kDr LrEHk Hkh gSaA ;g ugha Hkwyuk pkfg,A bUgsa dsoy niZ.k cuus ls dke ugha pysxk cfYd viuk mÙkjnkf;Ro le>uk
gksxk vkSj og lc djuk gksxk ftlls lekt dh dyq"krk feV rks ugha ldrh fdUrq de gks] ge] gekjk lekt mlh fn'kk esa
vkxs rks c<+s ftlls lekt esa O;kIr fod`fr;k¡ nwj gks ldsaA vkt dk ikBd oxZ fo'ks"kdj e/;e oxZ ^lekpkj i=k* eaxokrk
rks gS fdUrq i<+us ls igys gh tkurk gS fd fdl i`"B ij D;k lwpuk gksxh] blfy;s dbZ ckj rks fcuk [kksys gh jíh dh Vksdjh esa pyk tkrk gSA vkt dh
ih<+h laosxkRed :i ls fodykaxrk dh vksj c<+ jgh gSA ^vFkZ* gh mlds fy;s lc dqN gS] ge brus fu"Bqj gks x;s gSa fd lM+d nq?kZVuk ;k fdlh dh e`R;q
;k chekjh dh lwpuk gesa fopfyr ugha djrh] ifjokj ds fiz; ls fiz; O;fDr ds e`R;q dh tkudkjh feyus ij ;g dgdj cM+h lgtrk ls Lohdkj dj ysrs
gSa ^;g rks lcds lkFk gksuk gS*A ,sls esa vko';drk gS bl ih<+h esa ,d ubZ laosnuk txkus dh vkSj og dke ehfM;k cM+s gh vPNs <ax ls dj ldrk gS] og
yksxksa dk utfj;k cnyus esa iw.kZr;k l{ke gS] cl vko';drk gS ml vksj pyus dhA
bl vad ds ek/;e ls ^2020 rd ge vius dks fdl rjg dh ekufldrk ds lkFk rS;kj djsa* bldh lksp txkus dk lQy iz;kl fd;k x;k
gS ftls Jh dey nhf{kr th vkRefparu vkSj vkReeaFku dk le; eku ^2020* ds izfr viuk ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k j[krs gq, lq[kn Hkfo"; dh dYiuk
djrs gaSA bls mUgksaus vkxr dks foxr vkSj orZeku ds vk/kkj ij ns[kk gS ftlls ge ;g r; dj ldsa fd ge D;k pkgrs gSa vkSj D;k gksus dh laHkkouk gS\
vkt dh fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, fu'p;kRed <ax ls dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkus okys le; ^fMftVy ehfM;k* ij cgqr dqN fuHkZj gksxkA eksckby] baVjusV]
;w&V~;wc] Qslcqd vkfn ij vk/kkfjr gksxkA bl ^ehfM;k* dk gh ;ksxnku gS fd foxr 10 o"kkZsa esa ftruh izxfr gqbZ mruh fiNys 50 o"kkZsa esa Hkh ugha gqbZA
fdarq vQlksl bl ckr dk gS fd ge ¼Hkkjrh;½ igys Hkh ^cktkj* Fks vkt Hkh cktkj cus gSaA ^ehfM;k* ds bl fodkl ls ge ek=k ^miHkksDrk* cudj jg
x;s gSa] mRiknd ugha cu ik jgs gSaA ÅtkZ] {kerk] ;ksX;rk] izkd`frd lalk/ku lc dqN gS] cl vko';drk gS ge ^izsjd* dh vksj ;g dke ehfM;k cM+h
dq'kyrk ls dj ldrk gSA cl ,d ckj og ^dk pqi lkf/k jgk cyokuk* dh gq¡dkj djs rks fQj nsf[k;s ge Hkkjrh; D;k ugha dj nsaxs\ bl lUnHkZ esa
iqf"irk voLFkh dk ys[k ^ehfM;k dks lR;kxzgh gksus dh vko';drk* cM+k gh lkFkZd yxkA lpeqp esa ^ehfM;k* esa {kerk gS tuekul dks vius vuq:i
<kyus dh] lekt ds efLr"d dks cnyus dh] l`tu vkSj fo/oal esa bldh cM+h vge~ Hkwfedk gSA
lEiw.kZ if=kdk cM+h gh jkspd] ftKklko/kZd gSA blds fy, ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* ds lEiknd eaMy rFkk izR;{k&vizR;{k :i ls tqM+s gq;s Hkh yksxksa
dks cgqr&cgqr c/kkbZA fo'okl gS fd ehfM;k 2020 rd vius ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k ds lkFk vius mÙkjnkf;Roksa dks le>rs gq;s lekt dks ,d u;h
fn'kk nsxhA vc rks U;k;ikfydk Hkh ehfM;k }kjk mBk;s eqíksa ij Lor% laKku ysdj dk;Zokgh dj jgh gSA
gk¡] ,d NksVk lk lq>ko vo'; gS fd jpukdkjksa ds uke ds lkFk mudk lEidZ uacj Hkh ;fn laHko gks lds rks vafdr fd;k tk; ftlls ys[k
i<+us ds ckn izfrfØ;k Lo:i muls lh/ks ,d ckj gh lgh laokn LFkkfir fd;k tk ldsA blh 'kqHkdkeuk ds lkFk fd ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* vius mÙkjksÙkj u;s
Lo:i] u;s dysoj ds lkFk fodkl ds ekxZ ij vxzlj jgs] fQj ^2020* esa ge bl vad dks fQj ls ;kn djsa vkSj leh{kk djsa fd bl 5 o"kZ esa ge dgka Fks
dgka igqap x;s& clA
ehfM;k foe'kZ ds bl vad ij viuh izfrfØ;k,a bZ&esy] ,l,e,l ;k Mkd ls Hkst ldrs gSaA
vkidh izfrfØ;k] lq>ko] fVIif.k;ksa vkSj vkykspuk dk Lokxr gSA
bZ&esy& eksckby@,l,e,l djsa% 09893598888
Mkd Hksats& laiknd] 428] jksfgr uxj] Qst&1] bZ&8 ,DlVsa'ku] Hkksiky& 462039
foe'kZehfM;k
09
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
ftuds ne ls jkS'ku gS fganh ehfM;ki=kdkj lkfgR;dkj
lkSE; i=kdkj
[kcjksa dks cuk fy;k thou
XySejl ,adj
e`.kky ik.Ms] 68 o"kZ] ofj"B i=kdkj
uhye 'kekZ] 42 o"kZ] ofj"B ,adj] MhMh U;wt
fuf/k dqyifr] 45 o"kZ] ofj"B ,adj] ,uMhVhoh bafM;k
'osrk flag] 39 o"kZ] ,adj vkSj fMIVh ,fMVj] vktrd
Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk dk tkuk&igpkuk uke gS] e`.kky ik.MsA os izlkj Hkkjrh dh v/;{k jgh gSaA fgUnqLrku dh lEiknd jg pqdh
gSaA e`.kky ik.Ms fgUnh dh iz[;kr miU;kldkj f'kokuh dh csVh gSaA e/;izns'k ds Vhdex<+ esa tUeh e`.kky ik.Ms us viuh
izkjfEHkd f'k{kk uSuhrky ls iwjh dhA ,e, bykgkckn ls vkSj vaxzsth] laLd`r] lkfgR;] izkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl] iqjkrRo]
'kkL=kh; laxhr vkSj yfyr dyk dh f'k{kk dkjdkju ¼okf'kaxVu Mhlh½ ls iwjh dhA 1984&87 ds chp VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k lewg
dh yksdfiz; efgyk if=kdk ^okek* dk laiknu Hkh mUgksaus fd;k gSA e`.kky ik.Ms; 47 lky ls i=kdkfjrk vkSj lkfgR; ds {ks=k esa
lfØ; gSaA muds laikndh; ys[k ftrus xaHkhj gksrs gSa] dgkfu;ka mruh gh ekfeZd vkSj ân; dks Nw tkus okyh gksrh gSaA
uhye 'kekZ XySej ds nkSj esa Hkh cM+h lathnxh vkSj [kwclwjrh ls [kcjsa izLrqr djrh gSaA ljdkjh ra=k ds pSuy MhMh U;wt esa dke
djrs gq, Hkh mudh viuh fof'k"V igpku ns'k esa gSA tc nwjn'kZu us'kuy ij 15 feuV dk U;wt cqysfVu vkrk Fkk rc ls n'kZd
mUgsa ns[k&lqu jgs gSaA mUgksaus fnYyh ds ysMh Jhjke dkWyst QkWj owesu vkSj tkfe;k fefy;k bLykfe;k ls viuh i<+kbZ iwjh dh gSA
o"kZ 1995 esa uhye 'kekZ us nwjn'kZu ls vius i=kdkjh; thou dh 'kq#vkr dhA nwjn'kZu ij izlkfjr gksus okyk mudk dk;ZØe
^ppkZ esa* fgUnh ds lcls [kkl dk;ZØeksa esa ls ,d gSA o"kZ 2010 esa ^vk/kh vkcknh oweu vpholZ vokMZ* vkSj 2013 esa ^ehfM;k
egkjFkh vokMZ* ls lEekfur uhye 'kekZ ;qofr;ksa ds fy, lknxh vkSj ljyrk dh ,d felky gSaA
fuf/k dqyifr Hkkjrh; Vsyhfotu dh nqfu;k dh lcls vkd"kZd vkSj lcls lkSE; U;wt iztsaVsVlZ esa ls ,d gSaA fiNys 24 lky ls
os i=kdkfjrk dj jgh gSaA fnYyh esa gh iyh&c<+h fuf/k dqyifr us 1991 esa viuk i=kdkjh; thou ^U;wtVªSd* ds lkFk 'kq: fd;kA
blds ckn os ,uMhVhoh vkbZaA ,uMhVhoh bafM;k ij mUgsa vdlj ^esjk cqysfVu* vkSj ^bafM;k 9 cts* tSls dk;ZØeksa esa ,adfjax
djrs gq, ns[kk tk ldrk gSA viuh lknxh vkSj lgtrk ds pyrs fuf/k dqyifr dh n'kZdksa ds chp vyx igpku gSA [kcjksa dks
tkuus vkSj mudh vgfe;r le>us esa ekfgj fuf/k fgUnh Vhoh i=kdkfjrk ds mu psgjksa esa 'kqekj gSa] ftUgksaus [kcj dks gh viuk
thou eku fy;k gSA fo"k; dh xgjh le>] esgur vkSj yxu ds dkj.k os lQyrk ds lkFk vkxs c<+ jgh gSaA
Vhoh U;wt baMLVªh dh XySejl ,adj esa ls ,d gSa 'osrk flagA mUgksaus tujy LiksVZ~l ls ysdj VkWd 'kks rd] dbZ rjg ds dk;ZØe
fd, gSaA 'osrk ds dk;ZØe ^lkSjHk dk flDlj* dks LiksVZ~l tuZfyTe QsMjs'ku vkWQ bafM;k dh rjQ ls lky 2005 esa loZJs"B
LiksVZ~l dk;ZØe dk iqjLdkj fey pqdk gSA 'osrk flag us iVuk ls tulapkj esa Lukrd dh fMxzh izkIr dh vkSj 1996 esa vius
dfj;j dh 'kq#vkr ^VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k* ls dhA ckn esa fgUnqLrku VkbEl pyh xbZaA fizaV ehfM;k ls bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k esa
dne j[kk rks igyk eqdke cuk;k ^th U;wt* dksA lgkjk esa Hkh jghaA o"kZ 2002 esa mUgksaus vktrd Tokbu fd;kA mUgsa 2013 esa
csLV Vhoh U;wt ,adj ds fy, pquk x;k FkkA muds dbZ dk;ZØeksa dks Hkh iqjLd`r fd;k tk pqdk gSA
foe'kZehfM;k
11
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
dykRedrk gS igpku
ftanxh ykbo
[kcjksa esa thus okyh
ljksdkjh i=kdkfjrk
uxek lgj] 40 o"kZ] ofj"B ,adj] ,uMhVhoh bafM;k
_pk vfu#)] 40 o"kZ] ,adj] vkbZch,u&7
vatw iadt xqysfj;k] 40 o"kZ] ,adj] lgkjk le;
vUuw vkuan] 49 o"kZ] ofj"B i=kdkj
uxek lgj fgUnh ehfM;k dh mu i=kdkjksa esa 'kqekj gSa] tks viuh dykRedrk vkSj uk;kc fjiksfVaZx ds fy, tkuh tkrh gSaA
fnYyh Ldwy vkWQ bdksuksfeDl ls Hkwxksy esa ekLVj fMxzh djus ds ckn mUgksaus ^,f'k;u ,st* ls i=kdkfjrk esa dne j[kkA
mUgksaus vktrd ds fy, Hkh ,adfjax dh gSA 2003 esa uxek ,uMhVhoh bafM;k igqaph vkSj rc ls vkt rd mlh dk fgLlk gSaA
^lyke ftanxh* 'kks us mudks yksxksa ds fnyksa rd igqapk;kA ukxkiêue esa lqukeh dh =kklnh] eqEcbZ CykLV]
bykgkckn dqEHk esyk] esjB dk nnZukd foDVksfj;k ikdZ vfXudkaM tSls dqN izfl) Vhoh dojst muds uke ds lkFk tqM+s gSaA
,uMhVhoh bafM;k ds ^baVjus'kuy ,tsaMk* dk;ZØe ds lgkjs uxek n'kZdksa ds chp ppkZ esa cuh gqbZ gSaA vkfej [kku dh fQYe
^Quk* esa os ,d NksVk&lk jksy dj pqdh gSaA
lkekU; ifjokj ls fudydj dke;kch dk ,d lqugjk edke cuk;k gS _pk vfu#) usA e/;izns'k ds jhok esfMdy dkWyst esa
iSnk gqbZ _pk ewyr% mÙkjizns'k ds >kalh dh jgus okyh gSaA mUgksaus cqansy[kaM fo'ofo|ky; ls foKku esa Lukrd fd;k vkSj mlds
ckn yanu Ldwy vkWQ bdksuksfeDl ls i<+kbZ iwjh dhA mUgksaus vius dfj;j dh 'kq#vkr nwjn'kZu ls dhA blds ckn th U;wt vkSj
gsMykbal VqMs gksrs gq, os vkbZch,u&7 igqaphA ;gka muds dk;ZØe ^ftanxh ykbo* us mUgsa ,d vyx igpku nhA 2004 esa ^fip*
if=kdk us _pk dks Hkkjr dh vxyh ih<+h ds 12 loZJs"B ,adj esa ls ,d pqukA ,drk fe'ku us 2005 esa mUgsa csLV ,adj dk
vokMZ fn;kA laosnu'khy fo"k;ksa ij dke djus okyh _pk dks vusd lEeku izkIr gq, gSaA
Vhoh i=kdkfjrk us tc Hkkjr esa dne j[kk rc ls vatw iadt mldk fgLlk gSaA MhMh ij vktrd dk flQZ 20 feuV dk izksxzke
vkrk Fkk] rc ,lih flag dh Vhe dk fgLlk Fkha vatw iadtA f'keyk esa mudk tUe gqvkA [kwclwjr okfn;ksa esa iyh&c<+haA vaxzsth
esa iksLV xzstq,'ku fd;k] fQj i=kdkj cuus ds fy, fnYyh pyh vkbZaA
bafM;k VqMs ls crkSj Vªsuh fjiksVZj vius i=kdkjh; thou dh 'kq#vkr dhA ;gha vktrd esa dke djus dk ekSdk feykA
vktrd dks mUgksaus 20 feuV ls 24 ?k.Vs dk pSuy gksrs ns[kk gSA djhc 11 lky vktrd esa dke djus ds ckn vatw iadt lgkjk
le; pyha vkbZaA fiNys djhc vkB lky ls lgkjk le; esa dke dj jgh gSaA 5&6 v[kckj i<+uk mudh fnup;kZ dk fu;fer
vkSj vfuok;Z fgLlk gSA
fodkl i=kdkfjrk dk i;kZ; cu xbZ gSa vUuw vkuanA cSaxyw# fo'ofo|ky; ls tulapkj ,oa i=kdkfjrk dk dkslZ djus ds ckn
vUuw vkuan us ihVhvkbZ esa baVuZf'ki dhA fnYyh vkbZa rks fnYyh izsl ls tqM+dj lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd [kcjksa dk dojst 'kq:
fd;kA yEcs le; rd Ýhykaflax djus ds ckn os tulÙkk ls tqM+haA tsaMj b';w vkSj pkbYM jkbV~l] muds ilanhnk fo"k; gSaA ckn
esa izsl baLVhVîwV vkWQ bafM;k ls tqMus ds ckn crkSj laiknd ^fonqj* vkSj ^xzkl:V* if=kdk dks mUgksaus ftl Lrj rd igqapk;k gS]
og dkfcys rkjhQ gSA mUgksaus fonqj ds fgUnh laLdj.k ds lkFk&lkFk vaxzsth laLdj.k dks Hkh ,d u;k :i fn;kA vUuw vkuan us
,uthvks ds lkFk feydj xkao&xkao tkdj QhYM ls fjiksfVaZx dhA
12
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
fnYyh esa cLrj okyh
Økbe fjiksVZj ls ehfM;k izk/;kid
okn&fookn dh thr Vhoh rd ys vkbZ
ihfM+rksa dh vkokt
bjk >k] 55 o"kZ] ofj"B i=kdkj
ofrZdk uank] 37 o"kZ] i=kdkj ,oa ehfM;k izk/;kid
vydk lDlsuk] ofj"B Vhoh i=kdkj
ef.kekyk] 57 o"kZ] funs'kd] xka/kh Le`fr ,oa n'kZu lfefr
ns'k dh jkt/kkuh fnYyh ls izdkf'kr fgUnqLrku v[kckj ds iqyvkmV fudkyus dk Js; bjk >k dks tkrk gSA mUgksaus fgUnqLrku ds
fy, ,ulhvkj ds izeq[k 'kgjksa uks,Mk] xkft;kckn] xqMxkao] Qjhnkckn ds fy, u flQZ i=kdkjksa dh QkSt [kM+h dh cfYd
v[kckj dks vke vkneh ls tksM+kA orZeku esa uoHkkjr dh fnYyh C;wjks izeq[k bjk dkWyst ls fudydj tc fnYyh vkbZa rks ogka
vkbZvkbZ,elh ls mUgksaus LiksVZ~l tuZfyTe ds xqj lh[ksA
gkykafd ;g vyx ckr gS fd os [ksy i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa ugha xbZaA jktuhfr] lkekftd vkSj vkfnokfl;ksa ls tqM+h
[kcjksa dks djus esa mUgsa vkuan vkrk gSA bjk >k dk cpiu vkfnokfl;ksa ds chp cLrj esa chrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd yksd dyk
vkSj yksd laLd`fr mUgsa cgqr Hkkrh gSA
,f'k;k esa lcls de mez esa ,adj cuus okyh i=kdkj dk uke gS ofrZdk uankA i=kdkfjrk dk lQj nwjn'kZu ds tkya/kj dsUnz ls
'kq: gqvkA ;gha de mez esa ,adj cuus dk fjdkWMZ vius uke fd;kA th Vhoh] ,uMhVhoh vkSj yksdlHkk pSuy esa dke fd;kA
ofrZdk uank dh igpku Økbe tuZfyTe dks ysdj gSA
vijk/k chV doj djus okyh efgyk i=kdkj de gh gksrh gSa] muesa Hkh ofrZdk uank ,d gh gSA f'k[kj ij igqapdj
lfØ; i=kdkfjrk NksM+dj ehfM;k v/;kiu ds {ks=k ls tqM+ xbZaA fQygky os fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ds ysMh Jhjke dkWyst ds
ehfM;k foHkkx esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vPNs i=kdkj cuus ds xqj fl[kk jgh gSaA efgyk vijk/kksa ds izfr lekt dks tkx:d djus ds
fy, mUgsa jk"Vªifr iz.ko eq[kthZ lEekfur dj pqds gSaA
NBha d{kk dh ,d yM+dh us okn&fookn izfr;ksfxrk esa fgLlk fy;k vkSj og igyk iqjLdkj thr xbZA mldk uke&QksVks
v[kckjksa esa izdkf'kr gqvkA rc ml NksVh yM+dh us Bku fy;k fd D;ksa u dqN ,slk fd;k tk, fd yksx esjk uke ckj&ckj i<+saA
ikWdsVeuh ds fy, iksLV xzstq,'ku ds nkSjku gh og jsfM;ks vkSj Vhoh ds fy, Ýhykaflax djus yxhA jfookj] fgUnqLrku] uoHkkjr
VkbEl] tulÙkk] /keZ;qx vkSj fnueku lfgr vU; ds fy, [kwc fy[kkA tc jfookj esa ukSdjh feyh rks fQj mlus ihNs eqM+dj
ugha ns[kkA [kcjksa ds fy, yM+&fHkM+dj mlus viuh ,d vyx igpku cukbZ gS] mlh igpku dk uke gS vydk lDlsukA Vhoh
VqMs ls bysDVªksfud ehfM;k esa dne j[kkA th U;wt esa Hkh jghaA
xka/kh Le`fr ,oa n'kZu lfefr dh funs'kd ef.kekyk us lekt esa lkFkZd cnyko ykus ds fy, dye dks gfFk;kj cuk;k gSA izHkkr
[kcj ls mUgksaus i=kdkfjrk dh 'kq#vkr dh vkSj fcgkj dh lcls igyh efgyk i=kdkj gksus dk xkSjo izkIr fd;kA os ey;kye
euksjek lewg dh ekfld if=kdk ^ofurk* dh lEiknd Hkh jgh gSaA fQygky os if=kdk ^vafre tu* dh lEiknd gSaA vafre tu
esa izdkf'kr gksus okys muds lEikndh; ys[k i=kdkfjrk] lkfgR; vkSj vU; {ks=kksa esa dkQh pfpZr jgrs gSaA vius 30 lky ds
i=kdkfjrk ds lQj esa mUgksaus dHkh fl)karksa ls le>kSrk ugha fd;kA mRd`"V i=kdkfjrk ds fy, ef.kekyk dks o"kZ 2006 esa
rRdkyhu jk"Vªifr ,ihts vCnqy dyke lkgc ds gkFkksa lEekfur fd;k x;k FkkA
foe'kZehfM;k
13
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
u;k utfj;k
ehfM;k eqxy
rstrjkZj ,adj
lkfgR;dkj i=kdkj
Hkk"kk flag] 42 o"kZ] lgk;d lEiknd] vkmVyqd
vuqjk/kk izlkn] 42 o"kZ] ps;jilZu] ch,th usVodZ
vatuk vkse d';i] 39 o"kZ] ,adj] vktrd
xhrkJh] ofj"B i=kdkj
fnYyh esa tUeh vkSj y[kuÅ esa i<+h&c<+h Hkk"kk flag dh ys[kuh esa fnYyh&lk mcky vkSj y[kuoh vnc nksuksa ,d lkFk gSaA
i=kdkj] ys[kd vkSj ,fDVfoLV Hkk"kk flag i=kdkfjrk esa vius firk ,oa lQy i=kdkj vt; flag ls izsfjr gksdj vkbZaA mUgksaus
vius dfj;j dh 'kq#vkr 1996 esa izfrf"Br lekpkj&i=k vej mtkyk ls dhA blds ckn uoHkkjr VkbEl xbZaA ogka ls
vkmVyqd dk #[k fd;kA ubZnqfu;k esa Hkh dqN le; xqtkjkA orZeku esa os vkmVyqd esa lgk;d lEiknd gSaA Hkkjr esa eSyk
<ksus dh dqizFkk dh tehuh iM+rky djrh mudh iqLrd ^vn`'; Hkkjr* [kklh pfpZr gSA isafXou ls vaxzsth esa izdkf'kr blh
iqLrd dk rsyxw vuqokn Hkh vkus okyk gSA loZJs"B i=kdkfjrk ds fy, jkeukFk xks;udk iqjLdkj ls Hkh mUgsa lEekfur fd;k
tk pqdk gSA
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls jktuhfr foKku dh i<+kbZ djus okyh vuqjk/kk izlkn us vius dfj;j dh 'kq#vkr ^euh eSVj* uked
fctusl eSxthu ls dhA ysfdu] dqN u;k djus dh yyd vkSj yhd ls gVdj pyus dh ftn us vuqjk/kk izlkn ls lky 1993 esa
^ch,th fQYEl ,aM ehfM;k fyfeVsM* dh LFkkiuk djokbZA pkyhl gtkj #i;s vkSj nks dejksa ds vkWfQl ls 'kq: gqvk ch,th dk
lQj vkt ehfM;k dh cqyafn;ksa rd igqap x;k gSA 13 fnlEcj] 2007 dks vuqjk/kk izlkn us ch,th ds cSuj rys ^U;wt 24* dh
'kq#vkr dhA blds ckn mUgksaus euksjatu pSuy ^bZ 24* vkSj jsfM;ks usVodZ ^/keky 24* dk Hkh vkxkt fd;kA Hkkjrh;
Vsyhfotu esa muds egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku ds fy, mudks vusd lEekuksa ls Hkh uoktk x;k gSA
Vsyhfotu i=kdkfjrk esa chrs 12&13 lky ls vatuk vkse d';i lfØ; gSaA ns'k ds dbZ izfrf"Br U;wt pSuYl esa dke
dj pqdh vatuk vkse d';i dh igpku tksjnkj cgl djus okyh ,adj ds rkSj ij cuh gSA Ldwy vkSj dkWyst ds fnuksa
ls csgrj fMcsVj jgh vatuk us 2002 esa tkfe;k fefy;k bLykfe;k ls i=kdkfjrk esa fMIyksek fd;k vkSj vius dfj;j
dh 'kq#vkr nwjn'kZu ij vkus okys dk;ZØe ^vka[kksa ns[kh* ls dhA lky 2003 esa mUgksaus ^th U;wt* esa dke djuk 'kq:
fd;kA ikap lky ckr ^U;wt 24* Tokbu fd;k vkSj ogka ls ^LVkj U;wt* gksrh gqbZa ^vktrd* igqaphA okn&fookn ij
vk/kkfjr ^U;wt 24* ds rstrjkZj 'kks ^nks Vwd* ls mudh yksdfiz;rk c<+h vkSj rc ls os izkbe Vkbe dh ,adj cu xbZaA
izLrqfr% yksdsUnz flag
djhc 20 lky ls xhrkJh i=kdkfjrk esa lfØ; gSaA xhrkJh mu pqfuank i=kdkjksa esa 'kqekj gSa ftuds ikl i=kdkfjrk ds
rhuksa Lo:i fizaV] bysDVªksfud vkSj osc dk vuqHko gSA os fgUnh osc iksVZy ^oscnqfu;k* dh fnYyh C;wjksphQ jg pqdh gSaA
mUgksaus ^MhMh U;wt* esa fizalhiy dkWjsLiksaMsaV vkSj ^Lora=k Hkkjr* esa lhfu;j dkWjsLiksaMsaV ds in ij dk;Z fd;k gSA xhrkJh
^vkmVyqd* if=kdk ls 'kq#vkr ls gh tqM+ xbZa FkhaA ckn esa mUgksaus vkmVyqd ds vflLVsaV ,fMVj ds in ls bLrhQk
nsdj iyZ xzqi dh if=kdk ^fcafn;k* ds laiknd jghaA xhrkJh i=kdkj ds lkFk lkfgR;dkj Hkh gSaA i=kdkfjrk vkSj
lkfgR; esa mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku ds fy, mUgsa jkeukFk xks;udk iqjLdkj] ekr`Jh vokMZ vkSj ykM+yh ehfM;k vokMZ
lfgr dbZ lEeku fey pqds gSaA
14
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
Ler vkik ;kuh e'kgwj mnwZ vQlkukfuxkj bLer pqxrkbZA
,d tUetkr fonzksgh O;fDrRoA vkSjrksa dh O;fDrxr
vktknh dh rM+i ls ycjstA dne&dne ij muds ftanxh thus ds
<ax vkSj dgs&fy[ks ij cs'kqekj [krjsA ij mu lcls tw>us&yM+us dk
ekík rks muds Hkhrj cpiu ls FkkA tUe mudk 21 tqykbZ] 1915
dks mÙkjizns'k ds cnk;wa 'kgj esa gqvk FkkA e/;oxhZ; ifjokj esa
tUeh bLer vkik Ng HkkbZ;ksa vkSj pkj cguksa esa lcls NksVh FkhA ij
mUgksaus NqViu ls gh yM+dksa ds lkFk cjkcj dk gd gkfly djus dh
dksf'k'k dhA lknk fyckt iguus dh ftn vkSj tsoj xguksa dks
Bqdjkus dk lkglA 'kkfgn yrhQ ls fookg fd;k] ftls os ,d
vkn'kZ le>kSrk Hkh dgk djrh FkhaA
vkSjrksa dh i<+kbZ dh fgek;r] inZs dk fojks/k ;kuh tgk¡
dgha fL=k;ksa dh vktknh vkSj muds vkxs c<+us dk loky vk;k]
bLer vkik muds leFkZu esa vkxs pydj xbZaA os dgk djrh Fkha fd
dkaxzsl dh thr blhfy, gqbZ fd vkSjr&enZ nksuksa us fons'kh eky dk
ck;dkV fd;kA xka/kh us ,d ckj mudh vkVksxzkQ cqd ij gLrk{kj
djus ls euk dj fn;k Fkk] D;ksafd os fons'kh diM+s igus FkhaA mUgksaus
mlh oDr [kknh HkaMkj ls [kknh dh /kksrh [kjhnhA xka/kh ;g ns[kdj
[kq'k gks x;s vkSj mUgksaus vkVksxzkQ ns fn;sA bLer vkik us vkSjr
vkSj enZ nksuksa dh gkyr] tqYe vkSj T;knrh ds f[kykQ dye
mBkbZA os ekurh Fkha fd vxj enZ tkfye] ukbalkQ] pksj&mpDdk
gS] rks lcls igys og vkSjr eqtfje gS ftlus mls vius
,s'kks&vkjke dh [kkfrj pksj] mBkbZfxjh vkSj eqnkZ cuk;k gSA mu
fnuksa bLer dE;qfuLV eqYdksa esa tgk¡ vkSjrksa vkSj enkZsa dks cjkcj dh
esgur dk cjkcj dk Qy feyrk Fkk] mudh vDlj ppkZ fd;k
djrh FkhaA mu ij cgqr vkjksi yxsA fdlh us mUgsa v'yhy dgk rks
fdlh us ukfLrd vkSj dE;qfuLVA 'kk;n os mnwZ dh igyh ysf[kdk
Fkha] tks viuh jpukvksa esa ^v'yhyrk* ds vkjksi esa vius etgch
vkdkvksa }kjk izrkfM+r dh xbZaA ysfdu os gkjus okyh efgyk ugha
FkhaA mUgkssaus viuh ethZ ls thuk lh[kk FkkA muds dgus vkSj fy[kus
dh vktknh muls dksbZ Nhu ugha ik;kA ykgkSj gkbZdksVZ esa mudh
e'kgwj dgkuh ^fygkQ* ij eqdnek pyk Fkk ysfdu og fVdk ughaA
^xsank* mudh igyh dgkuh Fkh] tks 1949 esa mnwZ dh
mnwZ dh vQlkukfuxkj bLer pqxrkbZ vius fonzksgh O;fDrRo] rY[k vkSj cs[kkSQ ys[ku ds fy, tkuh
tkrh gSaA mUgksaus vkSjrksa ds fgr esa u flQZ dye mBkbZ] cfYd tgka t:jr iM+h os muds lkFk rudj
[kM+h jghaA ?kj dh pkjnhokjh esa ?kqVrh] inZs vkSj cafn'kksa esa dlelkrh yM+fd;ksa ds fy, u flQZ mUgksaus
ftUnxh ds u;s jkLrs [kksyus dh dksf'k'k dh] cfYd mu ij os [kqn Hkh iwjh ftn ds lkFk pyrh jghaA
mudh jpukvksa dks mnwZ ftruh gh bTtr fganh] vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa vkSj vaxzsth esa Hkh feyhA muds
tUe'krh ds volj ij muds ys[ku vkSj mudh 'kf[l;r ds ckjs esa izLrqr gS ;g fo'ks"k vkys[kA
L=h 'kfDr- -1 ( )tUe 'krkCnh ij fo'ks"klq/khj fo|kFkhZ
bLer pqxrkbZ% vk¡py dks cuk;k ijpe
b
foe'kZehfM;k
15
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
izfl) lkfgfR;d if=kdk ^lkdh* esa izdkf'kr gqbZ FkhA mudh
d`fr;ksa esa ^ftíh* ¼1941½ ds ckn ^eklwek*] ^lSnkbZ*] ^taxyh
dcwrj*] ^fny dh nqfu;k*] ^vthc vkneh* vkSj ^ckanh* rd mudk
pedhyk miU;kl lalkj QSyk iM+k FkkA ^dfy;ka*] ^pksVsa*] ^,d
jkr*] ^NqbZeqbZ*] ^nks gkFk nkst[kh*] ^'kSrku* muds dgkuh laxzg gSaA
fganh esa ^dqvkajh* vkSj vaxzsth esa mudh dgkfu;ksa ds rhu laxzg
vR;Ur pfpZr gq,] ftuesa ^dkyh* fof'k"V gSA
bLer vkik us fQYeksa ds fy, Hkh ys[ku fd;k] ftuesa
^xeZ gok* dks dbZ iqjLdkj feysA ;g lQjukek 1943 esa mudh
igyh fQYe ^NsM+NkM+* ls 'kq: gqvkA mnwZ vkSj fganh dh lkfgfR;d
nqfu;k esa bLer vkik dk ys[ku leku :i ls lekn`r gSA mudh
jpuk;sa fuEu e/;oxhZ; eqfLye lekt dh lkekftd fLFkfr;ksa vkSj
euksn'kkvksa dk csgrjhu [kkdk gSA fuHkhZdrk vkSj lPpkbZ muds
fo'ks"k xq.k gSaA vius jpukdeZ ds fy, mUgsa dbZ iqjLdkj feys]
ftuesa ^bdcky lEeku*] ^e[knwe vokMZ* vkSj ^usg: vokMZ*
'kkfey gSA xkSjryc gS fd 24 vDVwcj] 1991 dks bl fonzksgh
ysf[kdk dh olh;r ds vuqlkj eqEcbZ ds panuckM+h esa muds e`r
'kjhj dks vkx yxkdj vafre fonkbZ nh xbZ ftuesa eqt¶Qj gqlSu]
fo'oukFk lpnso vkSj jkgqy nso igq¡ps FksA ;kuh eqt¶Qj gqlSu
bdykSrs eqlyeku FksA izxfr'khy dgs tkus okyh 'kckuk vkteh]
tkosn v[rj vkSj vyh ljnkj tkQjh ml oDr vius ?kjksa ls gh
dgha pys x;s FksA
bLer vkik us ejus ls igys cM+h gljr ls dgk Fkk%
^dk'k vkt eq>s ejrs gq, glu eaVks ns[krkA* ;kuh og eaVks dks Hkh
f'kdLr nsdj thr gkfly dj ysrhA eSa vDlj lksprk gw¡ fd bLer
vkik us fdl rjg olh;r dh gksxh fd mUgsa ejus ds ckn ctk;
dcz esa nQukus ds fganqvksa dh rjg tyk;k tk,A ftanxh vkSj
lkfgR; esa bLer vkik dh [khaph xbZ dbZ ydhj dks vkxs c<+kus dk
lkgl dksbZ dj ldsxk D;k\ muds dFkkuk;dksa dk vkeuk&lkeuk
djus dh dwcr Hkh 'kk;n geesa ugha gSA vkSjrksa dh O;fDrxr
vktknh dh rM+i bLer vkik dh izkjafHkd dgkfu;ksa esa Hkh FkhA ij
^fygkQ* vkSj ^gelQj* tSlh dFkkvksa us muds O;fDrRo dks u;s
igyw ds lkFk is'k fd;kA ,d efgyk dFkkdkj dh ,slh lkgliw.kZ
vfHkO;fDr ls yksx HkkSpDds vkSj O;fFkr FksA bLer vkik us vkSjr
vkSj enZ nksuksa dh gkyr tqYe vkSj T;knrh ds f[kykQ dye
pykbZA mu ij cgqr vkjksi yxs] ysfdu os vkSjrksa dh vktknh dks
nwljs gh igyw ls ns[krh Fkh tks cgqr [kqyk vkSj nenkj FkkA
eq>s ;kn gS fd 1981 esa mnwZ ds iz[;kr dFkkdkj jkeyky
th dks bLer vkik us ,d yack i=k fy[kk Fkk] ftls i<+dj ^vkSjr*
vkSj ^lsDl* dks ysdj muds fopkjksa dk [kqyklk gS% ß---vjs HkkbZ
rqeus dUgS;k th dks ^vkSjrckt* dgdj cM+k th tyk;kA ,d ogh
<ax ds Hkxoku gSaA lcls T;knk izksxzsflo vkSj eqlfUuQ ¼ys[kd½ rks
Fks gh] ;kuh viuh gh tkr fcjknjh ds gq,A xhrk dh r[kyhd
¼jpuk½ dhA lcls cM+h djkekr ;g Fkh fd mUgksaus vkSjr dks Hkh
balkuksa dh lQ esa 'kqekj fd;kA nqfu;k ds fdlh vkne esa bl
nhnkfnysjh ls vkSjr dks enZ ls btgkj&,&b'd djus dh felky ugha
feysxhA fdlh rgthc us vkf'kd vkSj enZ dks ek'kwd cukus ij
roTtks ugha nhA Ýkalhlh vkSj vaxzsth vnc eas Hkh vkSjr gh egcwck
gS vkSj T;knkrj jafM;ksa us gh vktkn b'd fd;k gS] ftls uhpk vkSj
dkjksckjh jax ns fn;k gSA exj d`".k th us ftLekuh b'd dks HkfDr
dk ejrck fn;k gSA jk/kk 'kknh'kqnk gSa] exj d`".k ds b'd esa ,slh
nhokuh gqbZ dh iwt Mkyh xbZaA bruh ckxh vkSj eq¡gtksj vkf'kd dh
felky dgha vkSj ugha feysxhA vkSjr rks nqfu;k esa esgcwck cudj
Hksth xbZ gSA bl ij vkf'kd gqvk tk ldrk gSA ysfdu 'kjhQ
vkSjr pksjh&fNis dj Hkh Mkys b'd rks ;k rks Mwc ejrh gS ;k tgj
[kkdj Quk gks tkrh gS vkSj C;kgh vkSjr dk ifr Hkxoku gksrk gS]
[kqnk&,&etkth gksrk gSA C;kgh jk/kk vius ifr dh ugha] d`".k dh
gSA jk/kk ds 'kkSgj , ukenkj dk D;k uke FkkA eq>s ugha ekywe] gk¡
muds esgcwc dk uke nqfu;k tkurh gSA
ß;gh ugha vxj dksbZ xSj fdlh dh ek¡&cgu dh rjQ
utj mBkdj ns[k ys rks mldh vk¡[ksa fudky ysaA exj tc vtqZu
vkf'kd gks tkrs gSa d`".k dh cgu ij vkSj cki 'kknh djus dks rS;kj
xkSjryc gS fd 24 vDVwcj] 1991 dks bl fonzksgh ysf[kdk dh olh;r ds vuqlkj eqEcbZ ds panuckM+h
esa muds e`r 'kjhj dks vkx yxkdj vafre fonkbZ nh xbZ ftuesa eqt¶Qj gqlSu] fo'oukFk lpnso vkSj
jkgqy nso igq¡ps FksA ;kuh eqt¶Qj gqlSu bdykSrs eqlyeku FksA izxfr'khy dgs tkus okyh 'kckuk
vkteh] tkosn v[rj vkSj vyh ljnkj tkQjh ml oDr vius ?kjksa ls gh dgha pys x;s FksA
16
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
ugha gksrk rks d`".k dgrs gSa] ßeSa cgu dks cgkus ls
ykÅ¡xk vkSj rqe mls Hkxkdj ys tkukAÞ gS fdlh
ekbZ ds yky dk bruk cM+k dystk fd cgu dks
mlds esgcwc ds lkFk Hkkxus esa enn nsA ftUl
¼lsDl½ dks d`".k us rdíql ¼ifo=krk½ dk ejrck
fn;kA ;dhuu ml tekus esa Hkh vkt dh rjg
vkSjr enZ ds ckn gh mudk esy tk;t ekuk tkrk
FkkA ;kuh vkSjr enZ dk fj'rk ,d&nwljs ls yxko
ij ugha] nkSyr ds ysu&nsu ij equglj FkkA vkSjr
mldh feyfd;r ds jsoM+ [kjhn ldrk FkkA
vkSjr mldh feyfd;r cu tkrh Fkh vkSj mlds
lkFk fprk ij Qwad nh tkrh FkhA csok ¼fo/kok½
thrs th Hkh ej tkrh FkhA d`".k us jk/kk dks u lksus
ls [kjhnk] u ml ij dksbZ Nki yxkbZA calh ctkbZ
vkSj og f[kaph pyh vkbZA nqfu;k dh dksbZ rkdr mls u jksd ldhA
,slh vktknh dh felky fdlh eqYd] fdlh etgc esa ugha feyrhA
enZ dh rks feyrh gS] vkSjr dh ughaA
ßrokjh[k mBkdj ns[kks] ckn'kkg] jkts] uokc vkSjrksa ds
xksy ds xksy ikyrs gSaA D;k og mUgksaus vius I;kj dh cnkSyr ikbZ
Fkha ;k [kjhnh FkhaA yksxksa us muds flj e<+h Fkha vkSj cnyrs esa tkxhjsa
vkSj vksgns fy, FksA iÙkkckth dh rjg eka] cgu] chch] csVh dks
rq:i cuk dj ekjk FkkA d`".k us lsDl dh vktknh dks /keZ dk :i
D;ksa le>kA fdlh us ml oDr dh lkekftd ikcafn;ksa ij fjlpZ
dh gSA D;k ,slk rks ugha Fkk] tSlk fd vkt Hkh T;knkrj gS fd
vkSjr lLrh Fkh] cscl Fkh] uhao eqnkZ Fkh] eky dh rjg csph&[kjhnh
tkrh FkhA iqjkus dwM+s&ddZV dh rjg Qwad nh tkrh FkhA vkSjr vkSj
enZ dk fj'rk tc bu xrksa dks igq¡p tkrk gS rks lekt dh tguh
gkyr D;k gksrh gSA
vkSjr dks ik¡o dh twrh cukdj D;k enZ okdbZ ftUlh
¼'kkjhfjd½ vklwnxh gkfly dj ldrk gSA t:jr ls T;knk eqjxku
[kkus ls cngteh vkSj vDlj gStk gks tkrk gSA iSj dh twrh pckdj
dksbZ fuxyus yxs rks D;k isV Hkj ldsxkA jksVh dh Hkw[k ls ekSr gks
ldrh gSA exj tks jksVh dh ekj nsrs gSa] xjhcksa dk gd nckdj vius
fy, ,s'k [kjhnrs gSa] muesa ftUlh ,s'k lcls egaxs iM+rs gSa fd vkSjrksa
ds dqucs ikyus iM+rs gSaA mu dqucksa ds enZ Hkh rks ,s'k ikyrs gSaA
mUgsa Hkh vkSjrksa ds xksy pkfg,A eqYd dh nkSyr dk lcls T;knk
fgLlk gdhe vkSj muds eqlkfgcku ds fgLls esa mxrk gSA tgka&tgka
bEihfj;yhfyTe ikyk gS vkSj vc Hkh ljek;snkjksa dh lwjr esa iy
jgk gS] ogka toku Hkw[ks jgs gSaA cl pksj&Mkdw ,s'k dj ldrs gSaA
ßblh dy;qx esa d`".k iSnk gq, vkSj gtjr ewlk dh rjg
'kkgh rkdr ls cp fudys vkSj vorkj cu x;sA mUgksaus cM+s ukx
ekjsA exj gkj x;s dUgS;k th HkhA mUgsa rks iwt MkykA >we&>we dj
jk/kk d`".k ds izse ij flj /kqurs gSa] ysfdu vxj irk py tk, fd
mudh viuh chch fdlh dUgS;k ds lkFk jkl jpk jgh gS] rks mldh
ukd pksVh dh [kSj ugha vkSj dUgS;k th dh NqêhA d`".k dks iRFkj
cukdj ekFkk Vsdrs gSa] exj mudh ckuh Hkwy x;s fd vkSjr vkSj enZ
esa vxj ,d vktkn vkSj nwljk utjcan gksxk rks feyu ÝkM gksxkA
ftUl [okfg'kkr vxj ukikd gksrh rks bl fØ;k ls cM+s&cM+s iSxEcj
vkSj jlwy tSls iSnk gks ldrs FksA tc ls ftUl eu dh ekSt ds
ctk, cktkjh ftUl cu xbZ] bUlkuh tgu eL[k ¼fod`r½ gks
x;kAÞ
eSa cjsyh ds bLekfy;k xYlZ Ldwy ds eq[; njokts ds
ckgj [kM+k gw¡A ;g 'kgj ds e/; iqjkus jksMost vkSj ftyk iapk;r ls
leku nwjh ij fLFkr gSA ge Hkhrj igqapdj izkpk;Z felst peu
tgka ls eqykdkr djrs gSaA os bLer pqxrkbZ ds uke ls ifjfpr gSaA
ihNs ,d ydM+h ds cksMZ ij bLer vkik dk uke fy[kk ns[kdj ge
[kq'kh ls Hkj tkrs gSaA ;gka ntZ gS fd bl Ldwy esa os izkjaHk ls 1950
rd jghaA bl f'k{k.k laLFkku ds fy, xkSjo dh ckr gS fd mnwZ dh
;g e'kgwj vQlkukfuxkj ;gka igyh gsM feLVªsl jgh vkSj mUgksaus
bl 'kgj esa ,d dkfcy oDr xqtkjk FkkA ij ;gka bLer vkik dh
rLohj vkSj mudk lkfgR; ugha gSA
^dkxth gS iSjgu* esa mUgksaus vius ftUnxhukes dks
laf{kIr esa ntZ fd;k gS] ftlesa cjsyh ds fnuksa dh vuqxw¡t gSA cjsyh
foe'kZehfM;k
17
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
'kgj esa yM+dksa dk bLykfe;k Ldwy cukus ds ckn dqN eqfLye
f'k{kkizsfe;ksa dks yM+fd;ksa dks Hkh f'kf{kr djus dh t:jr eglwl
gqbZA rHkh ekSyoh vCnqy cnwn ^nnZ* vkSj muds fe=k fMIVh vCnqy
yrhQ] dkth eksgEen [kyhy] pkS/kjh bf'r;kd vkSj [kyhy rg
okys us ,d eqfLye xYlZ Ldwy [kksyus dk fopkj cuk;kA dqN vkSj
Hkh lkFk py iM+s] ftuesa dkth ul:íhu] dkth dqrqc] vCnqy 'kdwj
vkSj vYrkQ vyh Hkh FksA vkxs pyus okyksa esa ^nnZ* lkgc FksA os
bl 'kgj esa eqlyekukas dh rkyhe ds fy, oSls Hkh fQØean FksA fQj
Hkh muds fy, yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk ds fy, Ldwy [kksyuk vklku
dke u FkkA ij 1928 esa mUgksaus bldh uhao j[k nhA
tgk¡ vktdy ;g bLykfe;k xYlZ dkWyst gS ogha ^nnZ*
lkgc dh dksBh FkhA bls ^jSu clsjk* dgk tkrk FkkA Ldwy [kqyk rks
^nnZ* lkgc gh blds igys eSustj gks x;sA 1929 esa ^nnZ* lkgc dk
bUrdky gks x;kA blds ckn estj gq, vCnqt okftnA os yEcs
le; rd bl ftEesnkjh dks fuHkkrs jgsA [kku cgknqj 'ks[k
[kyhymíhu blds igys v/;{k cusA os 1958 rd bl in ij dk;Z
djrs jgsA 1943 esa ;wih cksMZ bykgkckn us ;gk¡ gkbZLdwy dh eatwjh
nh vkSj1960 esa fizafliy felst lbZnk djhemYykg ds dk;Zdky ds
nkSjku ;gk¡ baVjehfM;V dh i<+kbZ 'kq: gqbZA lk;jk dqjS'kh vkSj
glhuk ckth Hkh ;gk¡ fizafliy jghA lk;jk ckth dk dk;Zdky 21
o"kZ dk jgkA peu tgka 2010 ls vc rd dk;Zjr gSaA
bl fo|ky; esa 1984 esa gkbZLdwy foKku vkSj 1994 esa
baVjehfM;V esa foKku dh i<+kbZ dk flyflyk 'kq: gqvkA bLykfed
'kSyh esa bl fo|ky; dk eq[; njoktk Hkksiky ds phQ ,Dth;wfVo
fy;kdr vyh us cuok;k FkkA orZeku esa ;gk¡ 3000 Nk=kk;sa f'k{kk
izkIr dj jgh gSaA Hkhrj ,d iqjkuk iq[rk uhe dk nj[r flj mBk;s
[kM+k gSA ge mls gljr ls ns[krs gSaA dksbZ O;fDr mldh mez
pkyhl&ipkl o"kZ crkrk gSA yxrk gS fd ;g Hkh bLer vkik ds
mu fnuksa dh dSfQ;r c;ka djus dks rS;kj ugha gSA eq[; }kj ls
fudyrs gq, gesa Åij dh rjQ dqjku dk ,d okD; fy[kk fn[kkbZ
iMrk gS& ^, esjs jc eq>s bYe T;knk nsA*
^mYVs ckal cjsyh* bLer vkik dk cjsyh ds fnuksa dk
vuks[kk ;knukek gS] ftlesa mudh ftanxh dh tíkstgn] rtqckZr
vkSj lksp ds cs'kqekj [kkds gSaA cjsyh ls tqM+h mudh ;knksa ds dgu esa
mudk tTck Hkh Nyd&Nyd vkrk gS ftls nqgjkus esa gesa lq[k dh
vuqHkwfr gks jgh gSA ge bl fo|ky; esa bLer vkik ds dneksa ds
fu'kku vkSj mudh vkgV ryk'k djrs gSaA ge fdlh iqjkus /kwy
[kk;s jftLVj ds lkQs ij ml bekjr dks <aw<uk pkgrs gSa] ftls
mUgksaus cjsyh ds mu fnuksa esa dgha ntZ dj fn;k FkkA bLer vkik
rc rqe dSlh jgh gksxhA os iy tc rqe cjsyh LVs'ku ij igqaph] fQj
bl fo|ky; esa jgh vkSj ,d vjls ckn ;gka ls vyhx<+ ds fy,
izLFkku dj xbZA vkt ge rqEgkjs g:Qksa ls rqEgkjk gh ,d vDl
x<+us dh vk/kh&v/kwjh dksf'k'k dj jgs gSaA
;gk¡ mudh ftUnxh ds cs'kqekj cjd QSys iM+s gSa] ij mUgsa
vc rd fdlh us i<+k ughaA mUgsa ckapuk vklku Hkh ugha gSA mUgksaus
tks dqN fy[kk mls lkeus j[kdj ,d 'kgj ds eqfLye lekt vkSj
f'k{kk dh dqN /kqa/kyh rLohjksa ls ge :c: gks ldrs gSaA lc dqN
cgqr lkQxksbZ ls mdsjk] dgk x;k gSA ftanxh dh ekfuna cksyrk
ctkrk gqvk u dksbZ nqjko&fNiko] u gh cukoVhiuA
bLer pqxrkbZ bl Ldwy dh igyh gsM feLVªsl cuhaA
ysfdu ;g tkudkjh ugha feyh fd mudh fu;qfDr dc gqbZA fQj
Hkh irk yxrk gS os ;gka 1950 rd jghaA bl 'kgj esa xqtkjs oDr ls
mUgksaus tks dqN lh[kk og ckn esa cgqr dke vk;kA D;k bl Ldwy esa
bLer vkik ds ftanxhukes dh dksbZ txg gks ldrh gSA bLer us
Hkkjrh; lekt ds :f<+oknh thou ewY;ksa vkSj f?klh&fiVh
fytkfyth ijEijkvksa dks vius ys[ku vkSj ftanxh ls rkj&rkj dj
fn;k FkkA u, lekt ds fuekZ.k ds fy, os yM+fd;ksa ds fy;s ftl
rjg dh f'k{kk vkSj [kkldj [kqys tsgu dh i{k/kj Fkha] D;k ml
fn'kk esa bl f'k{kk laLFkku dks vkxs c<+dj dke ugha djuk pkfg,A
crk;k ;g Hkh tkuk pkfg, fd bLer vkik dh [kqn
viuh ftUnxh dk <kapk fdl rjg dM+h&nj&dM+h fufeZr gqvk Fkk
vkSj bls mudh d`fr;ksa ls xqtjdj gh Bhd ls tkuk&phUgk tk
ldrk gSA mudk ^dkxth gS iSjgu* flQZ ?ksjksa ls fudyrh&rksM+rh
mudh ftanxh dk vkbZuk ugha] cfYd og rRdkyhu eqfLye lekt
dh ,d ,slh rLohj Hkh gS] tgka inZs] cafn'ksa vkSj ?kqVu ds chp
yM+fd;ksa dk ikyu&iks"k.k gksrk FkkA ;g d`fr ,d rjg ls bLer
vkik dk la?k"kZukek Hkh gSA lPpk] [kjk vkSj lkglh gksdj ;g
ns[kuk lpeqp cgqr jksekapd gS fd muds :i esa ,d yM+dh fdl
rjg viuh ftnksa ds pyrs vius Hkhrj ls ,d ubZ L=kh dks tUe nsrh
gS vkSj tks vkxs pydj vktkn [;ky vkSj lkglh mnwZ dh e'kgwj
vQlkukfuxkj cu tkrh gSA6& iou fogkj] Qst& 5] foLrkj]
iksLV& :gsy[k.M fo'ofo|ky;]
cjsyh& 262201 ¼m-iz-½
eks- 09837259693
18
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
d yM+dh] tks ns'k ds izeq[k dkjksckjh ifjokj ls rkYyqd
j[krh gks] 18 lky dh mez esa ftldh 'kknh ,d laiUu
m|ksxifr ifjokj esa gks xbZ gks] mldk thou dSlk gksuk pkfg,A
vkids fy, tokc vklku gksxkA vkjke dh ftanxh vkSj
ikfjokfjd thouA ysfdu ogka ls fudydj vxj dksbZ yM+dh
Hkkjr dh lcls vehj vkSj lcls 'kfä'kkyh efgykvksa esa viuk
LFkku cuk ys] rks mls vki D;k dgsaxsA lksfp, er] oks flQZ ,d
uke gh gks ldrk gS--- 'kksHkuk Hkjfr;kA
4 tuojh] 1957 dks dksydkrk esa tUeh 'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k
ml ifjokj ls okLrk j[krh gSa] ftlus Hkkjr esa viuh vyx igpku
cukbZ gSA fcMyk ifjokj dh ijaijk ds vuqlkj gh mudk ykyu&
ikyu gqvkA tc Ldwy tkus dk le; vk;k] rks firk ds-ds- fcMyk
us viuh csVh dks fcMyk lewg ds Ldwyksa esa ugha HkstkA dkj.k lkQ
Fkk fd fcMyk dh csVh gksus ds dkj.k mUgsa ogka dbZ fj;k;rsa feysaxhA
Vksuh yksjsVks gkml ls dkWUosaV Ldwy esa 'kksHkuk us i<+kbZ dh vkSj
yksjsVks dkWyst ls Lukrd esa fMxzhA
18 lky dh gqbZa] rks ';ke lqanj Hkjfr;k ls 'kknh gks xbZA
;s ogha ';ke lqanj Hkjfr;k gSa tks vkt T;wfcfy;saV xzqi ds lw=k/kkj
gSaA 'kknh ds ckn 'kksHkuk dh ftanxh ets esa dV jgh FkhA ?kj vkSj
ifjokj esa 'kksHkuk exu gks pqdh FkhaA nks csVksa ds iSnk gksus ds ckn rks
'kksHkuk dk iwjk le; vius cPpksa ds fy, FkkA ij 1981 esa mudh
ftanxh esa cM+k cnyko vk;kA ifr ';ke Hkjfr;k us mÙkjizns'k esa
QSDVªh dh LFkkiuk dh vkSj Hkjfr;k ifjokj fnYyh vk x;kAcsVs cM+s gks jgs Fks vkSj vc 'kksHkuk ds ikl le; gh le;
FkkA bl nkSjku ds-ds- fcMyk viuh daifu;ka viuh csfV;ksa dks
,
'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k% rjDdh dks pkfg, u;k utfj;k
lky 1986 esa tc 'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k ,pVh ehfM;k esa Mk;jsDVj cuha] rc og Hkkjr esa fdlh
v[kckj dh igyh efgyk eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh FkhaA ml le; muds lkeus cM+h pqukSrh
Fkh fgUnqLrku VkbEl dh ijaijk,a vkSj muds vuq:i cnykoA ml le; fgUnqLrku VkbEl
fnYyh dk uacj ou v[kckj FkkA 'kksHkuk us xqipqi rjhds ls vkarfjsd O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj
djuk 'kq: fd;k vkSj /khjs&/khjs ,pVh vkSj fgUnqLrku ds laLdj.k c<+kus esa tqV xbZaA
L=h 'kfDr- -2
vadqj fot;oxhZ;
foe'kZehfM;k
19
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
lkSaius dk eu cuk pqds FksA
'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k dh jktuhfr esa #fp
ns[kdj mUgksaus fgUnqLrku VkbEl dh ckxMksj
laHkkyus dk ftEek 'kksHkuk dks fn;kA lky 1986
esa tc 'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k ,pVh ehfM;k esa
Mk;jsDVj cuha] rc og Hkkjr esa fdlh v[kckj
dh igyh efgyk eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh FkhaA
ml le; muds lkeus cM+h pqukSrh Fkh fgUnqLrku
VkbEl dh ijaijk,a vkSj muds vuq:i cnykoA
ml le; fgUnqLrku VkbEl fnYyh dk uacj ou
v[kckj FkkA 'kksHkuk us xqipqi rjhds ls
vkarfjsd O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj djuk 'kq: fd;k vkSj
/khjs&/khjs ,pVh vkSj fgUnqLrku ds laLdj.k
c<+kus esa tqV xbZaA
vxLr 2005 esa fgUnqLrku VkbEl ds
eqacbZ laLdj.k dh ykafpax ds ladsr nsrs gq, ,pVh ehfM;k us iwath
cktkj esa nLrd nhA ml le; 'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k us ,pVh dh 20
Qhlnh bfDoVh gsaMjlu Xykscy ¼vkWLVªsfy;k dh cSafdax] chek vkSj
isa'ku {ks=k esa lfØ; daiuh½ vkSj flVh xzqi dks csphA blds lkFk gh
,pVh ns'k dk igyk fizaV ehfM;k lewg gks x;k] ftlus lcls igys
fons'kh iwath fuos'k tqVk;kA
nqfu;k dh izfrf"Br fctusl if=kdk QksClZ us Hkh Hkkjr ds
100 lcls vehj yksxksa dh lwph esa mUgsa txg nh gSA Hkkjr ds 100
eksLV ikojQqy yksxksa dh lwph esa Hkh mudk uke 'kqekj gSA lky
2005 esa mUgsa in~eJh ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA lky 2006 esa ;wih,
ljdkj us mUgsa jkT;lHkk lnL; ds :i esa euksuhr fd;kA lky
1992 esa mUgsa us'kuy izsl bafM;k vokMZ ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
lky 1996 esa oYMZ bdksuksfed Qksje esa mUgsa Xykscy yhMj vkWQ
Vqekjks vokMZ ls uoktk x;kA 2001 esa 'kksHkuk dks fctusl owesu
vkWQ n bZ;j dk iqjLdkj feykA blds vykok mUgsa fctusl owesu
vokMZ] bdksukWfeDl VkbEl vokMZ vkSj ,aVjfizU;ksj vkWQ n bZ;j
iqjLdkj ls Hkh lEekfur fd;k tk pqdk gSA
vkt fgUnqLrku VkbEl ehfM;k fyfeVsM dh ps;jilZu
vkSj ,fMVksfj;y Mk;jsDVj ds rkSj ij 'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k us lewg dks
mu cqyafn;ksa ij igqapk fn;k gS] ftldk [okc dHkh ds-ds- fcMyk
vkSj th-Mh- fcMyk us ns[kk FkkA 'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k us viuh js[kk cM+h
dh gSA nwljksa dk dn NksVk dj cM+Iiu ugha tqVk;k gSA fgUnqLrku
VkbEl] fgUnqLrku] feaV vkSj Qhoj 104 ,Q,e ds lkFk 'kksHkuk
yxkrkj vkxs c<+rh tk jgh gSaA
ys[kd ;qok i=kdkj gSa vkSj fnYyh esa jgrs gSaA
4 tuojh] 1957 dks dksydkrk esa tUeh 'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k ml ifjokj ls okLrk j[krh gSa]
ftlus Hkkjr esa viuh vyx igpku cukbZ gSA fcMyk ifjokj dh ijaijk ds vuqlkj gh
mudk ykyu& ikyu gqvkA tc Ldwy tkus dk le; vk;k] rks firk ds-ds- fcMyk us viuh
csVh dks fcMyk lewg ds Ldwyksa esa ugha HkstkA dkj.k lkQ Fkk fd fcMyk dh csVh gksus ds
dkj.k mUgsa ogka dbZ fj;k;rsa feysaxhA
20
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
rphr esa vuks[kk viukiu] vkokt esa xeZtks'kh] ygtk okstks yacs le; ds fy, Nki NksM+ tk;sA muls eqykdkr dh ;s
oks lcls igyh ckrsa gSa tks Hkwyrh ughaA fQj ;kn vkrk gS lknxhHkjk ij viuh gh vyx Nki NksM+us okyk igukok] ekFks ij ,dfcanh vkSj vk¡[kksa esa xtc dh pedA vkt 75 ds o;l dh ;s oksefgyk gS ftl ls Bhd ianzg lky igys Hkksiky fLFkr ek[kuykyprqosZnh fo'ofo|ky; esa feyus ds ckn ls gh MsoyiesaV tuZfyTedh vksj esjk #>ku cuk FkkA gjlwn ls ysdj fVgjh rd vkSj fnYyh
ls ysdj iwoksZÙkj rd m"kk dh dye us lkekftd eqíksa dk HkjiwjihNk fd;k gSA m"kk jk; ;Fkk uke rFkk xq.kA m"kk lh gh ped] oksgh ldkjkRedrk vkSj tks'k bruk fd psgjs ij vuqHko dh lyoVrks fQj Hkh gYdh&Qqydh fn[krh gS ij Fkdku dk ukeksfu'kku ughaAftanxh ,l,p;wvkj;w,,Vh esa ljy vkSj fQj tfVy gksrh pyhx;hA firk ljdkjh deZpkjh Fks blfy, txg txg LFkkukarj.k dsdkj.k eqacbZ] fnYyh] iVuk] bykgkckn vkSj ukxiqj ds dkUosaV vkSjfe'kujh Ldwy vkSj dkWyst ls i<+kbZ dhA rhu cguksa vkSj nks HkkbZ ds
m"kk dh ;k=kk cM+s v[kckjksa ds ckn Hkh tkjh jghA 'kknh VwVus ds ckn Hkh nksuksa cPpksa dh
ftEesnkjh eqLdqjkdj fuHkkus okyh m"kk dgrh gSa ^esjh U;wt fjiksVZ~l ij Nih esjh ckbZykbu
esjh ÅtkZ dk ,d cM+k lzksr curh x;hA bu ckbZ ykbal us gh eq>s varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij
lkekftd eqíksa dh fjiksfVaZx dk ekSdk Hkh fnyok;k vkSj dkWUÝsalsl esa Hkkxhnkjh dk HkhA
xk¡oksa vkSj eqíksa dks vYQkt nsrh m"kk jk;
L=h 'kfDr- -3
'ksQkyh prqoZsnh
ck
foe'kZehfM;k
21
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
chp m"kk VkWe ckW; FkhA cSMfeaVu dh ,d ,slh csgrjhu f[kykM+hftls jsyos us Hkh blfy, ukSdjh dk izLrko ns Mkyk fd oks mudhvksj ls [ksy ik;sA bl i`"BHkwfe esa iyh c<+h m"kk] i=kdkfjrk dhvksj vpkud gh ugha eqM+hA vka/kzizns'k ds usYyksj esa muds ukukvktknh ls igys fczfV'k gqdwer ds f[kykQ v/;;u lkexzh dkizdk'ku fd;k djrs FksA viuh ukuh ls ukuk ds fczfV'k lkezkT; dsf[kykQ la?k"kZ dh dgkfu;k¡ m"kk cpiu esa cM+s pko ls lquk djrhFkhA 60 ds n'kd esa i=kdkfjrk dks vius Hkfo"; ds :i esa pqu ysukdksbZ NksVk fu.kZ; ugha Fkk D;ksafd rc fdlh efgyk ds fy, ;s cgqrvklku dke ugha Fkk vkSj u gh bl ls dksbZ XySej tqM+k gqvk FkkAm"kk dks ckrphr dk 'kkSd Fkk] vPNk fy[k&i<+ ysrh Fkh vkSj yksxksals feyus dk cM+k pko FkkA ;s gh oks pkfjf=kd xq.k Fks ftlus mUgsafjiksfVaZx ls bl dnj tksM+k fd fdlh u fdlh :i esa ;s tqM+ko vcrd cjdjkj gSA tSls&tSls v[kckj esa le; chrrk x;k ekuoh;ljksdkjksa ls m"kk dh utnhdh c<+rh x;hA 'kq#vkrh 8 lkyksa esaVkbEl vkWQ bafM;k esa dk;Zdky ds nkSjku laikndh; foHkkx dhvdsyh efgyk gksus ds ukrs dbZ ckj vyx ckFk:e tSlh ewyHkwrt:jrksa dh Hkh ijs'kkuh gks tk;k djrh FkhA mu fnuksa dh ;kn djrsgq, m"kk eqLdqjkdj dgrh gSa ^lcdks yxrk Fkk fd tSls gh dksbZle`) vkSj jlw[knkj ifjokj ls esjh 'kknh gksxh] i=kdkfjrk ij viusvki fojke yx tk,xkA* fMikVZesaV dh vdsyh efgyk gksus dsdkj.k QS'ku 'kks] Qwyksa dh izn'kZuh] fp=kdyk izn'kZuh tSlh LVksjh ghm"kk dh >ksyh esa vkrh FkhA T;knk xaHkhj fjiksfVaZx dh yyd dspyrs tc m"kk us gn ls T;knk ncko Mkyk rks ijks{k fjiksVZj dhHkwfedk fuHkkus yxhA iqfyl daVªksy :e] vLirky oxSjg ls [kcfj,lc ls igys [kcj m"kk rd igqapkus yxs] oks U;wt czsd djrh vkSjnwljk fjiksVZj mldh fjiksfVaZxA /khjs&/khjs fnYyh fpfM+;k?kj vkSj
i;kZoj.k ls tqM+s dqN vkSj eqíksa ij fy[kus dh vktknh feyh vkSjfQj oks fodkl ds eqíksa dh vksj c<+ fudyhA m"kk vc f'k{kk]LokLF;] tehuh vkanksyuksa dks doj dj jgh FkhaA mudh fjiksVZ~l dksigys gh iUus ij txg fey jgh FkhA efgykvksa ls tqM+s eqíksa ij m"kkdh idM+ bl dnj etcwr Fkh fd efgyk,a m"kk dk uacj [kkstdjmUgsa lwpuk,¡ nsus yxhaA pkgs oks jk"Vªh; efgyk vk;ksx dh LFkkiukgks] e/;izns'k esa ueZnk ij cuus okys cka/k ds dkj.k ,d iwjs xk¡ogjlwn dk mtM+uk gks ;k fQj fVgjh ds dkj.k gqvk foLFkkiu gh D;w¡u gks m"kk dh utj vkSj dye gj oDr rRij FkhA xzkmaM thjks lsm"kk dh fjiksfVaZx vfojke tkjh jghA VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k esa 27lky dh ,d cM+h ikjh ds ckn tc m"kk dks izfrQy leqfpr ughayxs rks bafM;u ,Dlizsl viuh 'krksaZ ij igqaphA vc oks ogk¡ ,diwjk iUuk fodkl laca/kh eqíksa ij fudkyus dh ftEesnkjh fuHkk jghFkh] vkSj gks Hkh D;w¡ u ^fodkl laiknd ^dk inHkkj tks [kqn ekax djfy;k FkkA fQj /khjs&/khjs oks iUuk ,d dkWye esa fleV x;k vkSjm"kk us v[kckj NksM+ fn;kA m"kk dh ;k=kk cM+s v[kckjksa ds ckn Hkhtkjh jghA 'kknh VwVus ds ckn Hkh nksuksa cPpksa dh ftEesnkjheqLdqjkdj fuHkkus okyh m"kk dgrh gSa ^esjh U;wt fjiksVZ~l ij Nihesjh ckbZykbu esjh ÅtkZ dk ,d cM+k lzksr curh x;hA bu ckbZykbal us gh eq>s varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij lkekftd eqíksa dh fjiksfVaZxdk ekSdk Hkh fnyok;k vkSj dkWUÝsalsl esa Hkkxhnkjh dk HkhAv[kckjksa vkSj dkWUÝsalsl ds vykok m"kk yxkrkj fofHkUu lkekftdlaxBuksa ds fy, MkWD;qesaVs'ku dk dke] i=kdkjksa dks fodklijdfjiksfVaZx ds izf'k{k.k vkSj ikWiqys'ku QkmaMs'ku vkWQ bafM;k vkSj;w,uMhih tSls laxBuksa ds fy;s ,M~l tSls eqíksa ij 'kks/kijd fdrkcHkh fy[k pqdh gSaA vkt Hkh tc vki vkSj ge m"kk jk; dh thou;k=kk i<+ vkSj le> jgs gSa] ,d i=kdkj ds rkSj ij m"kk dh dyedh /kkj vkSj j¶rkj cjdjkj gSA vius fe=k jfld fgekuh ds [kq'kcwvkSj b=k ds lalkj esa 50 lky dh ;k=kk ij m"kk dh fdrkc vDVwcjesa cktkj esa vkus dks rS;kj gS] i=kdkjksa ds izf'k{k.k tkjh gSA lclsT;knk dqN vc Hkh mUgsa [kq'kh ns jgk rks oks gS ckbZykbu ds lkFkv[kckj esa ys[k dks txg feyukA m"kk Hkys gh vc vius ?kqVuksa dhrdyhQ ds dkj.k cSMfeaVu uk [ksy ikrh gksa] ij fodkl ds eqíksa ijmuds ys[k mUgsa ,d pSfEi;u ds rkSj ij LFkkfir dj pqds gSaA^Fkdrh ugha D;k\* bl loky dk tokc vkidks rqjar feysxkA^fodkl ds eqíksa ij fy[kuk pkgks vkSj xkaoksa esa ?kwedj] yksxksa lsfeydj gh Fkd tkvks rks fy[kksxs dSls\* ckbZ ykbal gSa uk----tks'kcuk, j[kus dksA
ysf[kdk 13 lky ls jsfM;ks czkWMdkLV izksQs'kuy gSaaA orZeku esa chchlh
ehfM;k ,D'ku ds lkFk dk;Zjr gSaA
22
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
yqxq ehfM;k&txr esa izks- lh- e`.kkfGuh ds uke o psgjs ls
vifjfpr yksx dksbZ 'kk;n gh fey ik,axsA vkt Hkys gh os
iksfê Jhjkeqyq rsyqxq fo'ofo|ky;] gSnjkckn esa rqyukRed lkfgR;
foHkkx dh izksQslj gSa rFkk dbZ vU; izfrf"Br ftEesnkfj;ksa] inksa dh
'kksHkk c<+k jgh gSa] exj mudh lfØ;rk vkt Hkh ehfM;k esa gSA
rsyqxq ds fdlh u fdlh Vh-oh- pSuy esa vk, fnu mudh mifLFkfr
utj vkrh gSA mudk eqLdqjkrk psgjk Vh-oh- n'kZdksa ds fy, fpj
ifjfpr gSA
vkpk;kZ e`.kkfGuh us fo|kFkhZ thou esa gh jsfM;ks dh lsok
dhA 19 o"kZ dh vk;q esa tc os LukrdksÙkj dh i<+kbZ djrh Fkha]
gSnjkckn vkdk'kok.kh dsanz esa ;qokok.kh rsyqxq dk;ZØeksa ds fy,
fu;fer :i ls mn~?kks"kd dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus dk ekSdk yxkrkj
ik¡p&Ng o"kZ feyrk jgkA jsfM;ks ukVdksa] jpukvksa ds ys[ku lfgr
muesa fdjnkj fuHkkus esa Hkh os lfØ; FkhaA i<+kbZ ds ckn lq[;kr
fQYe funsZ'kd o HkwriwoZ lkaln nklfj ukjk;.k jko }kjk mUgha ds
laiknu esa izdkf'kr ^mn;e* rsyqxq nSfud lekpkji=k esa
mi&laiknd izf'k{kq ds :i esa 'kkfey gksdj e`.kkfGuh th us eq[;
mi laiknd dh inksUufr gkfly dh FkhA rRi'pkr~ mlh v[kckj ds
,d laLdj.k dh izHkkjh ds :i esa Hkh mUgksaus 7 o"kZ rd ftEesnkjh
fuHkk;h FkhA mu fnuksa esa dbZ izeq[k gfLr;ksa ls eq[kkfrc gksdj muds
lk{kkRdkj Hkh fy;k Fkk] ,slh gfLr;ksa esa izoh.k lqYrkuk ¼fganqLrkuh
laxhr½] l¶nj gk'keh ¼fFk,Vj½] vks-ih- uS;j ¼fganh fQYe laxhr
funsZ'kd½] ckyeqjyh d`".k ¼varjjk"Vªh; [;kfr izkIr dukZVd
laxhrdkj½ vkfn 'kkfey gSaA
dbZ ftEesnkfj;k¡ fuHkkrs gq, ¼fo'ofo|ky; esa v/;kiu
lfgr½ rhl lky dh vk;q esa Vh-oh- ehfM;k ds lkFk tqM+ xbZaA
gSnjkckn nwjn'kZu ij rsyqxq esa lcls igys VkWd 'kks nsus dh [;kfr Hkh
mUgsa feyhA vkt rd nwjn'kZu ij lglzkf/kd dk;ZØeksa esa 'kkfey
gqbZ gSa] ftuesa lk{kkRdkj] lkfgfR;d dk;ZØe] jktuhfrd fo'ys"k.k]
VkWd 'kks] efgykvksa ds eqís vkfn esa lfØ; utj vkrh jgrh gSaA
nwjn'kZu ds vykok bZ&Vhoh 2] Vhoh 9] ek Vhoh] tsfeuh Vhoh] ofurk
Vhoh vkfn pSuyksa esa os yxkrkj viuh lsok,¡ miyC/k djk jgh gSaA
ehfM;k txr dh izfrf"Br ch-ch-lh- ds lkFk Hkh muds
rsyqxq ehfM;k dks izks- lh- e`.kkfGuh dh nsu
bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ds lkFk vVwV laca/kch-ch-lh dh lsok Hkh--
rsyqxw ehfM;k dk ukeoj psgjk gSa izks- lh- e`.kkf uhG
fo'ofo|ky; Lrj ij lkfgR; f'k{kd gksus ds ckotwn os viuh izo`fÙk ls ehfM;k ds txr esa lnk
lfØ; gSaA rsyqxq Vhoh insZ ij fofHkUu pSuyksa ij mudh lfØ;rk utj vkrh gS] os jsfM;ks dh vf/kd
'kkSdhu gSaA viuh oSpkfjd psruk ls os Vhoh pSuyksa ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa esa viuh leL;kvksa ls
fuiVus dh izsj.kk vkSj vkRefo'okl iSnk djrh jgrh gSaA
L=h 'kfDr- -4
lh-t;'kadj ckcw
rs
foe'kZehfM;k
23
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
laca/k LFkkfir gq, FksA 1994 pquko ds nkSjku oYMZ U;wt dk;ZØe ds
varxZr rsyqxq lekpkj okpd dh ftEesnkjh mUgksaus fuHkk;h FkhA ;g
muds fy, ,d vuwBk vuqHko jgk] ftl nkSjku ch-ch-lh- ds
izlkj.k Vhe ds lkFk laidZ lk/kus dk ekSdk yxkrkj feyrk jgkA
rsyqxq nSfud v[kckj ^okrkZ*] ^vka/kz T;ksfr* rFkk vaxzsth
nSfud ^bafM;u ,Dlizsl* ds fu;fer LraHkdkj ds :i esa Hkh mUgksaus
lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkk;hA mudk LraHk&ys[ku vkt iqLrd ds :i esa
Hkh miyC/k gks jgk gSA
o"kZ 2006 ls 2009 ds chp oYMZ Lisl mixzg jsfM;ks pSuy
¼ftldk eq[;ky; vesfjdk ds okf'kaxVu esa gS½ dh funs'kd ds :i
esa ^jsfM;ks Lianuk* ds fy, mUgksaus viuh ewY;oku lsok,¡ nh gSaA
^panekek* dgkfu;ksa ds 24 ,filksM tks jsfM;ks ds fy, mUgksaus fy[ks]
mUgha dk;ZØeksa dks o"kZ 2008 ds nkSjku 30 jsfM;ks pSuyksa dh rqyuk
esa Js"B uohurkiw.kZ 'kks gksus dh [;kfr Hkh feyh] ftldh otg ls
mUgsa rhu jk"Vªh; iqjLdkjksa ls uoktk x;k FkkA
is'ks ls fo'ofo|ky; Lrj ij lkfgR; f'k{kd gksus ds
ckotwn os viuh izo`fÙk ls ehfM;k ds txr esa lnk lfØ; gSaA
gkykafd rsyqxq Vhoh insZ ij fofHkUu pSuyksa ij mudh lfØ;rk utj
vkrh gS] os jsfM;ks dh vf/kd 'kkSdhu gSaA viuh oSpkfjd psruk ls
os Vhoh pSuyksa ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa esa viuh leL;kvksa ls
fuiVus dh izsj.kk vkSj vkRefo'okl iSnk djrh jgrh gSaA
ehfM;k ds eqfnzr vkSj bysDVªkWfud :iksa ds lkFk yxkrkj
lfØ; tqM+s jgus vkSj rsyqxq pSuyksa ds ek/;e ls Vh-oh- ds insZ ij os
vDlj lfØ; utj vkus ds ckotwn os Vh-oh- dks cq)w cDls ds :i
esa gh ekurh gSa vkSj mudh T;knk #fp jsfM;ks ds izfr gSA
e`.kkfyuh th fofHkUu varjjk"Vªh; lEesyuksa esa vkeaf=kr
gksdj phu] ekfj'kl] lSuÝSfUlLdks] eysf'k;k vkfn dbZ fons'k
;k=kk,¡ dh gSaA
e`.kkfGuh th ,d vkn'kZ f'kf{kdk gksus ds lkFk&lkFk
dFkkdkj] vkykspd vkSj lQy vuqoknd Hkh gSaA budh 15 ls
vf/kd fr;k¡ izdkf'kr gqbZ gSa ftlesa ^LoraR;kZfufd 50 jkstqyq*
¼chchlh dh vaxzsth d`fr dk rsyqxq vuqokn½] ^dksefy xaxk/kje*
¼dFkk&laxzg½] ^izfr /ofu* ¼lkfgfR;d fuca/k ladyu½] ^ldy*
¼vkykspukRed d`fr½] ^fu''kCn foIyokyq* ¼xzhd ,oa Hkkjrh;
lkfgR; esa efgykvksa dh fLFkfr ij rqyukRed fuca/k ladyu½]
^bafrgkle* ¼ikSjkf.kd efgyk i=kksa ij dsafnzr ys[kksa dk ladyu½
vkfn izeq[k gSaA
jkfcu 'kekZ] xqytkj] vkj-ds- ukjk;.k vkfn dh d`fr;ksa
ds rsyqxq esa vuqokn Hkh fd;k gS] tks izdkf'kr gq, gSaA vkWDlksQksMZ
;wfuoflZVh izsl ls Hkkjrh; lkfgR; ds ,d vkxkeh ladyu ds fy,
Hkh bUgksaus viuk jpukRed lg;ksx fn;k gSA buds 200 ls vf/kd
'kks/k vkys[k Hkh izdkf'kr gq, gSaA
e`.kkfGuh th nks o"kZ rd dsanzh; fQYe lsUlj cksMZ dh
lnL;k jgh gSaA ;wuhlsQ dh ehfM;k v/;;u cksMZ dh lnL;k Hkh gSaA
fQygky os lkfgR; vdkneh ds lkekU; ifj"kn dh lnL;k ¼rsyqxq½
Hkh gSaA lkfgR; vdkneh dh ^vusdk* ifj;kstuk esa laikndh;
lnL; dh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA rsyqxq fo'ofo|ky; ds fo'odks'k
ifj;kstuk dh funs'kd dh ftEesnkjh Hkh os fuHkk jgh gSaA
^oqeu vkWQ esuh jksYt* ¼dbZ Hkwfedkvksa dh efgyk½ ds
'kh"kZd ls ^fn fganw* nSfud esa izdkf'kr fo'ks"k lk{kkRdkj esa L=khokn
ds laca/k esa vius fopkj izdV djrs gq, mUgksaus dgk gS] ßL=khokn
dk eryc iq#"k fojks/kh cudj jg tkuk ugha gSA mldk eryc
iq#"kksa dks bl n`f"V ls enn djus ls gSa fd os ;g eglwl djsa fd
efgyk,¡ Hkh iq#"kksa ds gh cjkcj gSa vkSj muds lkFk izse vkSj vknj
dk O;ogkj gks rFkk mUgsa leku volj fn, tkus pkfg,AÞ
e`.kkfyuh th vius Vh-oh- dk;ZØeksa ds ek/;e ls
efgykvksa dh leL;kvksa ds fy, lek/kku n'kkZus ds lkFk&lkFk
dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls fuiVus vkSj lkgl ds lkFk dke ysus dh
izsj.kk vkSj vkRefo'okl ds lkFk vkxs c<+us dh psruk iSnk djus esa
fof'k"V Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gSaA
lfØ; LraHkdkj
oYMZ Lisl mixzg jsfM;ks pSuy dh funs'kd ds :i esa--
ehfM;k lsokvksa ds fy, vU; iqjLdkj
jsfM;ks esa gh cM+h #fp
fons'k&;k=kk,¡
lfØ; ysf[kdk] dFkkdkj] vkykspd vkSj lQy
vuqoknd Hkh--
dbZ cM+h ftEesnkfj;k¡
efgykvksa dh leL;kvksa ds izfr
lpsr o lfØ; Hkwfedk
—
laiknd] ^;qx ekul*] dk;Zdkjh laiknd] ^vkarj Hkkjrh*
lgk;d vkpk;Z] fganh foHkkx] ikafMPpsjh fo'ofo|ky;] iqnqPpsjh 605014
bZ&esy& eksckby [email protected]
24
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
c ;g dkWye izdkf'kr gksxk rks laHko gS fd vksYxk
eq>ls ckr djuk can nsA gks ldrk gS fd bl rjg
gekjh 45 lky nksLrh VwV tk,A ysfdu eSa ;g tksf[ke mBkrs gq,
[kq'k gwa D;kasfd vksYxk dh dbZ miyfC/k;ka tks ljkgh ugha tk
ldha] mudk nLrkost ds :i esa izLrqr fd;k tkuk t:jh gSA
fiNys fnuksa vksYxk vius vfHkuanu lekjksg esa [kqn dks izpkfjr
djus ls cprh jghA
;g vfHkuanu lekjksg xqjchj flag lfgr vksYxk
VSfyl ds v[kckjh nqfu;k ls tqM+s iz'kaldksa us vk;ksftr fd;k
FkkA xqjchj flag us vdYiuh; tkudkjh iksLV dh fd vksYxk 4
vxLr dks 75 lky dh gks xbZA mudh eksVh x.kuk ds fglkc ls
vksYxk ds i=kdkfjrk ds 50 lky iwjs gks pqds gSaA ;g ,d
egRoiw.kZ ehy dk iRFkj gS vkSj mUgsa lsyhczsV fd;s tkus ;ksX;
gSA ysfdu ;g dksbZ vk'p;Z dh ckr ugha Fkh fd tc muds dqN
nksLrksa us blds ckjs esa tkudkjh iksLV dh vkSj vksYxk us bl
lEeku ls bUdkj dj fn;kA mUgksaus xqjchj ls dgk fd ;g
vdYiuh; gSA eSa vfHkuanu Lohdkj ugha djrhA eSa vius dke
ls I;kj djrh gwa vkSj mlds fy, vfHkuafnr fd;s tkus ls dke
dh xfjek ?kVrh gSA d`i;k ofj"B i=kdkjksa dk lEesyu dhft, ;k
,slk gh dqN dhft, ysfdu vfHkuanu ughaA eSa ugha vkšxhA
gkykafd fdlh us Hkh ;gka rd fd izsl Dyc ds v/;{k xqjchj flag
us Hkh bl ekeys esa vksYxk ls izfrokn ugha fd;kA ysfdu tYnh esa
bl vkea=k.k dh 'kCnkoyh cny nh xbZA xqjchj flag us dgk fd bl
lekjksg dks gesa iSuy fMLd'ku ds f'kxwQs dk uke nsuk pkfg,]
njvly ge lc ;gka vksYxk ds fy, bdës gq, gSa vkSj vksYxk ,slh
gh jgh gS& usyikWfy'k yxs uk[kwu] vksBksa ij xgjh fyfifLVd] yky
egkjk"Vªh;u yqxM+h vkSj lksus ds jax dh [kku pksyh igus gq,A
ysfdu pkyhl lky igys dh vksYxk dh ckr gh dqN vyx gSA
vR;Ur gh #f<+oknh ea=kky; esa pkj bap dh tkuysok fLVfyVksl
fefu LdVZ rFkk lsalqvl tlhZ esa <sj lkjs ,fVV~;wM~l ds lkFk og
dojst ds fy, igqaprh FkhA og Hkh ml le; tc og jktuhfrd
rFkk fctusl chV dh vdsyh efgyk fjiksVZj FkhA esjh ml le; gh
muls igyh eqykdkr gqbZ FkhA os ml le; xtc dh vkd"kZd FkhA
ml le; Hkh os Østh rjhds ls dke djrh Fkh vkSj vkt Hkh oSls gh
Østh rjhds ls dke djrh gSaA os nl cts ds igys viuh MsLd
i=kdkfjrk dh deZ;ksxh% vksYxk VSfyl,f'k;u ,t dh lykgdkj laiknd dh 'kkunkj i=kdkjh; ;k=kk
os O;fDrxr efgek eaMu ls nwj jgrh gSaA mUgksaus yxkrkj vokMZ vkSj ekU;rk,¡ BqdjkbZ gSaA os i=kdkfjrk
ds izfr bruh lefiZr gSa fd ;fn vki muls fQYe] laxhr] euksjatu ds ckjs esa ckr djsa rks vkidks
muds is'kkiw.kZ joS;s ls fujk'kk gksxhA os ,d lCth ekdZsV ds chp esa jgrh gSaA og ftl edku esa jgrh
gSa muesa dksbZ fn[kkok ugha gSA
L=h 'kfDr- -5
royhu flag
t
foe'kZehfM;k
25
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
'kk;n gh dHkh NksM+rh gSaA muds fy,
vius dke ls vf/kd dksbZ Hkh pht egRo
ugha j[krhA muds fy, vxyh LVksjh]
vxyh gsMykbu] vxyh ,DlDywfto gh
thou gSA ckdh dk muds fy, dksbZ
egRo ughaA os O;fDrxr efgek eaMu ls
nwj jgrh gSaA mUgksaus yxkrkj vokMZ vkSj
ekU;rk,¡ BqdjkbZ gSaA os i=kdkfjrk ds
izfr bruh lefiZr gSa fd ;fn vki muls
fQYe] laxhr] euksjatu ds ckjs esa ckr
djsa rks vkidks muds is'kkiw.kZ joS;s ls fujk'kk gksxhA os ,d lCth
ekdZsV ds chp esa jgrh gSaA og ftl edku esa jgrh gSa muesa dksbZ
fn[kkok ugha gSA ;gka rd fd dksbZ xhtj Hkh ugha gSA vksYxk vkSj esjs
chp dbZ vlk/kkj.k rjg ds la;ksx gSaA bUnz/kuq"k dh ryk'k buesa ls
,d gSA eSa nqfu;k esa dgha Hkh jgwa] vxj eSa ogka vkdk'k esa f[kyk gqvk
banz/kuq"k ns[krh gwa rks eSa vksYxk dks eSlst djrh gwaA vksYxk Hkh ,sls
gh djrh gSA ge lw;kZLr vkSj vkdk'k dks I;kj djrs gSaA mldh
NksVh lh ckyduh ,d rjg dk NksVk lk taxy gS ftlesa dbZ taxyh
ikS/ks rFkk fgfcLdl yxs gq, gSaA
fpfM+;k mlds ;gka ckdk;nk gj lky viuk ?kksalyk cuk
tkrh gSA ;s vksYxk ds okLrfod fe=k
gSaA ;gh os ^yksx* gSa ftlds fy,
vksYxk ?kj tkrh gS vkSj mlds lkFk
mldh lqcg gksrh gS D;ksafd 53 lky
igys vksYxk us viuk fny vius
lkFkh tuZfyTe dks ns fn;k FkkA eSaus
tc ft;k eksnh ls mu nl QSlyksa ds
ckjs esa iqLrd fy[kus dks dgk] ftuds
dkj.k Hkkjr cny x;k rks mUgksaus
blesa ,d QSlyk og Hkh 'kkfey fd;k
ftls vksYxk us nk;j fd;k FkkA ;g QSlyk >qXxh&cLrh okfl;ksa ds
vf/kdkjksa ds ckjs esa FkkA 1980 esa lqizhe dksVZ }kjk fn;s x;s bl
QSlys us gtkjksa >qXxhokfl;ksa dks thou ds cqfu;knh vf/kdkjksa]
vkJ; rFkk xfjek dks oS/krk iznku dh FkhA eSaus tc vksYxk dks ;g
crk;k rks og [kq'k gqbZA ysfdu [kqn ds fy, ugha cfYd mu
>qXxhokfl;ksa ds fy, ftudh yM+kbZ mUgksaus yM+h FkhA vkt ds ;qx esa
tc v/kZf'kf{kr dkWye f?kLlw Hkh in~eJh tSls jk"Vªh; iqjLdkjksa ds
fy, ykWfcax djrs fn[krs gSa vksYxk dks viuh ftUnxh esa le>kSrk
ukilUn gSAysf[kdk iz[;kr i=kdkj ,oa LraHkdkj gSaA
26
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
lk/kuk dk lEeku% ofj"B i=kdkj vksYxk VSfyl ds viuh vk;q ds 75 o"kZ rFkk lfØ; i=kdkfjrk ds 50 o"kZ iw.kZ djus ij eqEcbZ izsl Dyc us mUgsa lEekfur fd;kA
os i=kdkfjrk ds izfr bruh lefiZr gSa fd ;fn vki
muls fQYe] laxhr] euksjatu ds ckjs esa ckr djsa rks
vkidks muds is'kkiw.kZ joS;s ls fujk'kk gksxhA fpfM+;k
mlds ;gka ckdk;nk gj lky viuk ?kksalyk cuk tkrh
gSA ;s vksYxk ds okLrfod fe=k gSaA ;gh os ^yksx* gSa
ftlds fy, vksYxk ?kj tkrh gS vkSj mlds lkFk mldh
lqcg gksrh gS D;ksafd 53 lky igys vksYxk us viuk
fny vius lkFkh tuZfyTe dks ns fn;k FkkA
xzsth i=kdkfjrk esa vkt lquhrk ,ju dk uke fdlh igpku
dk eksgrkt ugha gSA mudk ;g eqdke ,d ,sls la?k"kZ dh
ifjf.kfr gS] ftlesa fgEer] gkSlyk vkSj dqN dj xqtjus dk tTck
FkkA mUgksaus i=kdkfjrk is'ks dks ml nkSj esa pquk tc blesa efgykvksa
dks cgqr derj le>k tkrk FkkA ekuk tkrk Fkk fd i=kdkfjrk dk
is'kk flQZ iq#"kksa ds fy, gh cuk gqvk gSA vLlh ds n'kd esa
i=kdkfjrk f'k{kk ds mijkar fnYyh dh bl ;qorh us viuh deZLFkyh
ds fy, mÙkjizns'k dks pqukA ;g og nkSj Fkk tc mÙkj izns'k esa gj
rjQ vjktdrk O;kIr FkhA pacy esa MdSrksa dk tksj Fkk rks vU;
{ks=kksa esa fiNM+siu dh otg ls pksjh fNuSrh tSlh okjnkrsa vke gqvk
djrh FkhaA ,sls esa lquhrk ds fy, i=kdkfjrk esa ukSdjh ds fy,
fu;qfDr i=k ds lkFk ,d lykg Hkh Fkh fd mÙkjizns'k ng'kr dk
izns'k gSA blfy, i=kdkfjrk 'kq: djus ls igys [kwc vPNs ls fopkj
djus ds fy, Hkh dgk x;k FkkA ijarq lquhrk ds gkSlyksa ds vkxs
mÙkjizns'k ds rRdkyhu ng'krxnhZ gkykr ckSus lkfcr gq,A 'kk;n
i=kdkfjrk esa efgykvksa dks vkxs ykus ds fy, lquhrk ds bl gkSlys
ls T;knk cy feykA vkt og izfr"Br vaxzsth nSfud lekpkj i=k
fgUnqLrku VkbEl dh LFkkuh; laiknd gSaA tc eSaus muds n¶rj esa
tkdj eqykdkr dh rks ogk¡ efgykdfeZ;ksa dh la[;k cgqrk;r esa
FkhA ;g fLFkfr muds }kjk efgykvksa esa i=kdkfjrk ds izfr :>ku
vkSj mlesa mudh Lohd`fr dks iznf'kZr djus ds fy, dkQh FkhA
bjkd ds cxnkn 'kgj esa tUeh lquhrk us i=kdkfjrk dh
f'k{kk Hkkjrh; fo|k Hkou] fnYyh ls xzg.k dhA rRi'pkr~ vaxzsth
nSfud ik;fu;j esa vius dWfj;j dh 'kq:vkr dhA og ml nkSj esa
tc nwjn'kZu vius O;kolkf;d vankt esa vk jgk Fkk rks mlesa
izlkfjr gksus okys dk;ZØeksa dh leh{kk fy[kus dk dk;Z fd;kA
gSjkuh bl ckr dh Fkh rc muds ikl Vhoh lsV Hkh ugha FkkA fQj Hkh
lkoZtfud Vhoh lsVksa ij mlds dk;ZØeksa dks ns[kdj vkSj mls
v[kckj esa Nius okyh if=kdk ds fy, fy[kuk dkQh pqukSrhiw.kZ
dk;Z FkkA dqN u;k djus dh pkgr esa mUgksaus ,d ckj mÙkjizns'k ds
rRdkyhu jkT;iky dh iq=kh dk lk{kkRdkj ys fy;k vkSj mls
izdkf'kr Hkh djok fy;kA ;g ckr rRdkyhu gqDejkuksa dks ukxokj
xqtjh vkSj mUgsa ik;fu;j NksM+uk iM+k] ysfdu i=kdkfjrk muls tqM+h
jgh vkSj rc ds yksdfiz; vaxzsth nSfud ^us'kuy gsjkYM* us mudh
izfrHkk dks ns[krs gq, mUgsa ekSdk fn;kA
gsjkYM ls mudh fof'k"V i=kdkfjrk dk nkSj 'kq: gqvkA
cdkSy lquhrk] geus vLlh ds n'kd esa y[kuÅ ds pkSd esa py jgs
eq>s [krjksa dk [kkSQ ugha% lquhrk ,jufgUnqLrku VkbEl] y[kuÅ dh LFkkuh; laiknd ls _rs'k pkS/kjh dh ckrphrlquhrk ,ju
U;wt :e esa vk;s cnykoksa ds flyflys esa lqJh ,sju crkrh gS fd vc i=kdkjksa dks
rduhdh vkSj Hkk"kk;h n{krk j[kuh vfuok;Z gks x;h gS] D;ksafd vc dkxt dye dk nkSj
lekIr gks pqdk gSA vc dEI;wVj] ySiVki vkSj VScysV dk nkSj py jgk gS ,sls esa i=kdkj
vxj buds ckjs esa n{k ugha gksxk rks mlds fy, i=kdkfjrk cgqr nq:g lkfcr gksxhA
va
foe'kZehfM;k
27
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
lk{kkRdkjlk{kkRdkjdrkZ% _rs'k pkS/kjh
jsM ykbV ,fj;k esa ml txg tkdj efgykvksa dk
lk{kkRdkj fy;k] tgk¡ os ca/kd ljh[kh ftUnfx;ka th
jgh FkhaA blds vykok y[kuÅ esa gh [kwu cspus ds
voS/k /ka/kksa dk [kqyklk djus ds fy, Hkh geus fjiksVZ
cuk;hA gekjh bu nksuksa fjiksVksZa us ns'k dh jkt/kkuh
fnYyh rd gaxkek [kM+k dj fn;kA eq>s bl rjg dh
fjiksVksZa dks fy[kus dk lkgl rRdkyhu laiknd Jh
gfj t; flag ls feyk] ftUgksaus eq>s ,sls ekeyksa dks
doj djus ds fy, u dsoy izksRlkfgr fd;k oju~ mls
izeq[krk ls izdkf'kr Hkh fd;kA tkus&vutkus esa esjs
}kjk dh xbZ ,slh fjiksVksZa us eq>s i=kdkfjrk txr esa
dkQh [;kfr nhA lquhrk dk ;g lc ek=k nks o"kksZa dh
esgur dk izfrQy FkkA blus i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa u
dsoy mUgsa igpku fnyk;h] cfYd muds fy,
i=kdkfjrk esa dke djus ds fy, njokts Hkh [kksy
fn;sA
lquhrk crkrh gS fd y[kuÅ esa ^fgUnqLrku
VkbEl* ds i=kdkj udoh th muds iM+kslh Fks] ftudh
rRdkyhu laiknd [kq'koar flag ls vPNh curh FkhA
mudh ,d eqykdkr ds nkSjku esjh Hkh ppkZ pyh vkSj
[kq'koar flag us eq>ls feyus dh bPNk tkfgj dhA mUgsa esjs }kjk
i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa fd, x, dk;ksZa us dkQh izHkkfor fd;k vkSj
bl rjg ls ^gsjkYM* NksM+ eSus ^fgUnqLrku VkbEl* ds fy, lekpkj
ladyu dk dk;Z 'kq: dj fn;kA rc ls ysdj vc rd eSa fgUnqLrku
ds fy, gh dk;Z dj jgh gw¡A orZeku esa crkSj LFkkuh; laiknd eaS
;gk¡ y[kuÅ ;wfuV esa vius nkf;Ro dks laHkky jgh gw¡A
i=kdkfjrk dWfj;j ds ckjs esa lquhrk dgrh gSa fd eq>s
dHkh [krjksa dk [kkSQ ugha jgkA fjiksfVZax ds nkSjku pacy ds chgM+ esa
Hkh xbZA v;ks/;k tSls laosnu'khy eqíksa ij ys[kuh pyk;hA dWfj;j
ds nkSjku eq>s vDlj /kefd;k¡ feyrh Fkha] ftl dkj.k eq>s iqfyl
lqj{kk iznku dh xbZ] ysfdu blls eq>s lqj{kk de vius dWfj;j esa
dfBukb;k¡ T;knk le> esa vk;haA ftruk vki Lor% LQwrZ gksdj
fjiksfVZax dj ldrs gSa mruk iqfyl lqj{kk ds nk;js esa jgdj ughaA
fQj Hkh vius dWfj;j ls eSaus lh[kk fd ;fn ge vius is'ks ds izfr
bZekunkj gksa rks vkidk cky ckadk Hkh ugha gks ldrkA
lquhrk vius iqjkus fnuksa dks ;kn djrh gqbZ dgrh gaS fd
esjk lcls vPNk nkSj UkCcs ds n'kd ds bnZ&fxnZ jgkA rc rRdkyhu
iz/kkuea=kh oh-ih- flag ds e.My deh'ku us iwjs ns'k esa gkgkdkj
epk FkkA pacy esa MdSrksa dk vkrad pje ij Fkk vkSj mlh nkSjku
v;ks/;k eqík Hkh xjek;k FkkA ;g lc dqN ,slh rokjh[kh ?kVuk,a
Fkh ftuds ckjs esa fy[kus ds fy, cgqr dqN Fkk vkSj mls doj djus
ds fy, geus cgqr tksf[ke mBk;kA ,sls gh ,d okd;s esa chgM+ dk
nkSjk Hkh fd;kA bles esjs lkFk rRdkyhu x`g ea=kh lq[knk feJk FkhA
y[kuÅ ls vkSjs;k rd dk lQj ge yksxksa us vEcslMj xkM+h ls r;
fd;k] ysfdu chgM+ esa vkxs dk lQj dkQh eqf'dy Hkjk FkkA
mlh nkSj dh ckr gS ns'k esa e.My vk;ksx dh flQkfj'ksa ykxw dj nh xbZ Fkh] reke ge tSls ;qokvksa ds
lkeus vfLrRo dk ladV [kM+k gks x;k FkkA ns'k Hkj esa vkanksyu py jgs Fks] mlds ckjs esa Hkh fy[kuk
esjs fy, dkQh pqukSrhiw.kZ FkkA fQj Hkh viuh ys[kuh ij Hkkoukvksa dks gkoh ugha gksus fn;kA
28
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
mcM+&[kkcM+ jkLrs FksA ?kus taxyksa ds chp ls xqtjuk Fkk] ftlds
fy, ge yksxksa dks ,d thi eqgS;k djk;h xbZ FkhA chgM+ esa MdSrksa ls
feyuk] muds lk{kkRdkj ysuk vkSj mudh ftUnfx;ksa ls :c: gksuk
esjs thou ds lQj dk ,d vge iM+ko FkkA rc ls ysdj vc rd
vDlj ekfQ;k vkSj naxs tSlh ckrsa vkrh jgh gSaA ysfdu mudk dksbZ
[kkSQ ugha jgrk gSA
mlh nkSj dh ckr gS ns'k esa e.My vk;ksx dh flQkfj'ksa
ykxw dj nh xbZ Fkh] reke ge tSls ;qokvksa ds lkeus vfLrRo dk
ladV [kM+k gks x;k FkkA ns'k Hkj esa vkanksyu py jgs Fks] mlds ckjs
esa Hkh fy[kuk esjs fy, dkQh pqukSrhiw.kZ FkkA fQj Hkh viuh ys[kuh
ij Hkkoukvksa dks gkoh ugha gksus fn;kA v;ks/;k eqís ij csdkcw HkhM+
esa iqfyfl;k l[rh ds chp esa tkdj fjiksfVZax djuk ,d vyx
vuqHko FkkA ,sls esa [kqn dks HkhM+ ls vyx Hkh lkfcr djuk iM+rk
gSA i=kdkfjrk esa [kcj dk egRo gS vkSj mlds fy, vkidks viuh
{kerk ls mls izkIr djus dh pqukSrh dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA
v;ks/;k esa eq>s ,slh gh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls tw>uk iM+kA
vLlh&uCcs ds n'kd dh i=kdkfjrk vkSj orZeku
i=kdkfjrk ds nkSj esa vk;s cnyko ds loky ij lquhrk th dgrh gaS
fd tehu&vkleku dk QdZ vk x;k gSA vc phtsa vklku gks xbZ
gSA vc vkids ikl rduhdh {kerk ls rsth vk;h gS lkFk gh lwpuk
ds vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ls i=kdkjksa dks ,d veks?k vL=k Hkh fey
x;k gSA rduhd ds fcuk i=kdkfjrk djuk fdruk eqf'dy Fkk] bls
iwoZ eq[;ea=kh ia- deykifr f=kikBh ds fu/ku ij fjiksfVZax ds nkSjku
vius vuqHkoksa dks lk>k djrs gq, crkrh gSa fd rc u rks eksckby
Qksu Fks vkSj u gh QSDl dh lqfo/kk FkhA y[kuÅ ls okjk.klh tkdj
ogka ls [kcj fy[kdj Hkstus dk ladV [kM+k gks x;kA rc ogka ds
LFkkuh; lg;ksxh ds ek/;e ls Mkd ,oa rkj foHkkx dk n¶rj nsj
jkr [kqyok;k x;k vkSj ogka ls Vsyhxzke ds ek/;e ls [kcj izsf"kr
dh xbZA vc rks eksckbZy Qksu vkSj mlesa miyC/k reke
vIyhds'ku ds ek/;e ls lwpuk izs"k.k ljy] lgt ,oa Rofjr gks
x;k gSA gkykafd vc daiVh'ku Hkh cgqr gks x;k gSA futh
Vsyhfotu pSuyksa ds vkus ds ckn [kcjksa dh viMsV vkSj dqN T;knk
djus dh pqukSrh Hkh c<+h gSA ,sls esa pyrkÅ i=kdkfjrk ls dke
pyus okyk ugha gSA
U;wt :e esa vk;s cnykoksa ds flyflys esa lqJh ,sju
crkrh gaS fd vc i=kdkjksa dks rduhdh vkSj Hkk"kk;h n{krk j[kuh
vfuok;Z gks x;h gS] D;ksafd vc dkxt dye dk nkSj lekIr gks
pqdk gSA vc dEI;wVj] ySiVki vkSj VScysV dk nkSj py jgk gS ,sls
esa i=kdkj vxj buds ckjs esa n{k ugha gksxk rks mlds fy,
i=kdkfjrk cgqr nq:g lkfcr gksxhA v[kckjksa ds vkWuykbu
laLdj.k vk tkus ds dkj.k i=kdkjksa dks 'kke esa [kcj fy[kus ds
ctk; rRdky fy[kuh gksrh gSA blds vykok mls viuh chV ds
vykok gj fo"k; ij tkudkjh ls viMsV jgus dh vko';drk gSA
mls Hkk"kk;h :i ls Hkh le`) jgus dh t:jr gSA igyh ckr rks
fjiksfVZax ds le; dksbZ nwljh Hkk"kk esa ckr dj jgk gS rks Hkh [kcj
fudkyuh gS blds vykok U;wt :e esa vc izwQ jhMj dh Hkwfedk
[kRe gks tkus ls i=kdkj dks [kqn gh ;g Hkwfedk fuHkkuh iM+rh gSA
,sls esa Hkk"kk;h fnDdr vkt dh i=kdkfjrk esa v{kE; gSA
i=kdkfjrk ds fxjrs Lrj ds ckjs esa yxus okys vkjksiksa ij
lqJh ,sju dgrh gS fd ;g fuHkZj djrk gS bl ckr ij fd
i=kdkfjrk dks yhM dkSu dj jgk gSA ;fn i=kdkfjrk dks mlus
iw.kZr% O;olk; cuk fn;k vkSj i=kdkjh; ljksdkjksa ds ctk;
O;kolkf;d ljksdkjksa ds fy, ?kqVus Vsd fn;s rks mls lEeku ikus dh
bPNk R;kx nsuh pkfg,A dekscs'k fiNys ,d n'kd ls i=kdkfjrk ds
{ks=k esa dqN ,slk gh fn[k jgk gSA fQj Hkh ;fn O;fDr viuh dqlhZ
dh e;kZnk dk [;ky j[krk gS rks mlds fy, vkt Hkh i=kdkfjrk
,d ifo=k vkSj lEekfur is'kk gSA lekt esa Hkh mlds fy, ,d
vknj dk Hkko jgsxkA
i=kdkfjrk esa efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk ds loky ij og
dgrh gSa fd bldh eSa [kqn gh mnkgj.k gw¡A i=kdkfjrk ds fy,
ySafxd foHksn dHkh vkM+s ugha vkrk c'krsZa ekSdk fn;k tk;sA gkykafd
bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ds vkus ds ckn bl {ks=k esa efgykvksa dk :>ku
rsth ls c<+k gS vkSj lekt esa efgykvksa dks i=kdkj ds :i esa
Lohd`fr Hkh fey xbZ gSA vc vDlj i=kdkfjrk f'k{kk esa yM+fd;ksa
dh la[;k T;knk jgrh gSA fQj Hkh ,d leL;k muds lkFk lokZf/kd
vkrh gS mudh ikfjokfjd fnDdrsaA vDlj efgyk i=kdkjksa dks
vius ikfjokfjd nkf;Ro dks Hkh ftEesnkjh ls fuoZgu djuk iM+rk
gSA blls os dHkh&dHkh vius i=kdkjh; ljksdkjksa dks nks;e ntsZ ij
j[krh gSA ;g lgh ugha gSaA efgyk i=kdkjksa dks vius ikfjokfjd
vkSj i=kdkjh; thou dks fcYdqy vyx&vyx j[kdj nkf;Roksa dks
fuoZgu djuk pkfg;sA ;fn os ,slk ugha dj ikrh gS rks muds fy,
i=kdkfjrk ugha gSAlk{kkRdkjdrkZ Jh jkeLo#i eseksfj;y fo'ofo|ky;] y[kuÅ
ds i=kdkfjrk ,oa tulapkj foHkkx esa lgk;d izk/;kid gSaA
foe'kZehfM;k
29
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
nh i=kdkfjrk esa fojys gh ,sls i=kdkj gSa] tks ewy :i ls
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; gSa vkSj viuh esgur vkSj tTcs ds
dkj.k jk"Vªh; iVy ij viuh igpku dk;e dh gSaA bUgha
i=kdkjksa esa ,d uke t;arh jaxukFku dk gS ftUgksaus flQZ Hkk"kkbZ
cafn'kksa dks rksM+k cfYd fganh i=kdkfjrk ds lkFk&lkFk fganh
lkfgR; esa Hkh viuh ,d igpku cukbZ gSA i=kdkfjrk dSfj;j
dh 'kq#vkr ^/keZ;qx* ls djus okyh t;arh jaxukFku us lksuh
,aVjVsuesaV pSuy esa dke djus ds vykok djhc lkr o"kZ rd
ey;kye euksjek lewg dh if=kdk ^ofurk* dk laiknu fd;kA
blds ckn nSfud ^vej mtkyk* esa Hkh Qhpj laiknd jghaA
fQygky mudh ns[kjs[k esa nSfud ^fganqLrku* ds reke Qhpj
iUuksa ds vykok cPpksa dh if=kdk ^uanu* Hkh izdkf'kr gksrh gSA
muds rhu miU;kl ^vkl&ikl ls xqtjrs gq,*] ^vkSjrsa jksrh
ugha* vkSj ^[kkukcnks'k [okfg'ksa* ds vykok dgkuh laxzg ^,d
yM+dh nl eq[kkSVs* izdkf'kr gks pqds gSaA fofHkUu eqíksa dks ysdj
muls ,d [kkl ckrphr&
de ls de ianzg lkyksa esa i=kdkfjrk esa efgykvksa dh
fLFkfr dkQh csgrj gqbZ gSA esjs nkSj esa yM+fd;ka i<+kbZ djds
ehfM;k esa vkrh Fkha vkSj ;g IysVQkeZ cgqr cM+k FkkA ml nkSj esa
fxus&pqus yksx ehfM;k esa vkrs Fks vkSj vf/kdrj ,sls Hkh Fks]
ftUgksaus ehfM;k dh i<+kbZ ugha dh FkhA igys yksx vyx&vyx
QhYM ls vkrs Fks ysfdu fiNys chl o"kksaZ esa dkQh la[;k esa ehfM;k
Ldwy ns'k esa [kqys gSaA ehfM;k dks ysdj tkx:drk vkbZ gS vkSj bls
dSfj;j ds rkSj ij ns[kk tkus yxkA bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k vkus ds ckn
bldk Øst yM+fd;ksa ij Nk;k vkSj yM+fd;ka vkus yxhaA ehfM;k esa
vkn'kZ dh fLFkfr vc ugha jghA fdlh vkn'kZ ds rgr tks yksx bl
QhYM esa vkrs gSa] mUgsa fujk'kk gkFk yxrh gSA tks yksx lksprs gSa fd
ehfM;k ds tfj, ns'k esa Økafr yk nsaxs] mudk ehfM;k ds izfr eksg
Hkax gks jgk gSA tks yksx ehfM;k dks dSfj;j ds rgr ysrs gSa] [kcjksa ls
[ksyuk tkurs gSa] [kcjksa dh izLrqfr dks ysdj dke djrs gSa] os xzksFk
djrs gSa vkSj dj jgs gSaA vkt ds nkSj esa ehfM;k esa cafn'ksa de gqbZ gSaA
efgyk i=kdkjksa dh fLFkfr igys ls vPNh gqbZ gS ;k cnrj gqbZ
gS\
i=kdkj flQZ i=kdkj gksrk gS% t;arh jaxukFkuofj"B i=kdkj t;arh jaxukFku ls fouhr mRiy dh ckrphr
ehfM;k esa vkus ds ckn vki u iq#"k jgrs gSa vkSj u efgyk]
cfYd flQZ vkSj flQZ i=kdkj gksrs gSaA vki bl QhYM esa rHkh lQy gks ldrs gSa
tc vkiesa pSysat ysus dk ekík gks vkSj dke ds ekeys esa
vki [kqn dks lkfcr dj ldsaA
fga
lk{kkRdkjlk{kkRdkjdrkZ% fouhr mRiy
foe'kZehfM;k
31
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
fiNys nl o"kksaZ esa yM+fd;ksa dk izfr'kr vkB ls chl gks
x;k gSA ;g cM+s laLFkkuksa dh ckr gSA vkus okys nl lkyksa esa cM+s
inksa ij efgyk,a fn[ksaxhA cMs+&cMs+ pSysatst vius gkFkksa esa ysaxhA
vPNh&vPNh LVksjh czsd djsaxhA D;ksafd ehfM;k gkmlksa esa vc og
utj vkus yxh gSaA nwljh ckr ;g gS fd tks yM+fd;ka dgrh gSa fd
muds izfr i{kikr gksrk gS ;k mlds VSysaV dks nck;k tk jgk gS] rks
;g cjxykus okyh ckr gSA ftu yM+fd;ksa esa VSysaV gksrk gS] pSysat
ysus dk ekík gS] og vkxs tk jgh gSaA ;fn
vkidks 10&11 cts vkWfQl vkus dk
cgkuk pkfg,] vkidks vkB&ukS cts
rd jguk gS vkSj 'kke 4&5 cts rd ?kj
tkus dk cgkuk pkfg, rks ;g lc vc
ugha pysxkA bl izksQs'ku esa vkus ds
lkFk gh vki efgyk u gksdj ,d
i=kdkj gks tkrh gSaA efgyk gksus ds ukrs
,MokaVst ysuk pkgrh gSa rks bl QhYM esa
vkxs c<+ ikuk eqf'dy gSA ehfM;k esa
vkus ds ckn vki u iq#"k jgrs gSa vkSj u
efgyk] cfYd flQZ vkSj flQZ i=kdkj
gksrs gSaA vki bl QhYM esa rHkh lQy gks
ldrs gSa tc vkiesa pSysat ysus dk ekík
gks vkSj dke ds ekeys esa vki [kqn dks
lkfcr dj ldsaA
fganqLrku v[kckj esa dbZ uhfr;ka gSa] tks efgykvksa dks
lqj{kk nsrh gSaA vHkh rd efgyk,a ;g lksp dj pyrh Fkha fd reke
ckrsa ¼lsDlqvy gSjslesaV½ dke dk fgLlk gSaA vc yM+fd;ksa dh lksp
dkQh Åij gqbZ gS vkSj og tkuus yxh gSa fd lsDlqvy gSjslesaV tSls
ekeys dk;Z dk fgLlk ugha gSaA gkykafd bl ckr ls badkj ugha fd;k
tk ldrk gS fd bldk Qk;nk efgyk,a Hkh mBkrh jgh gSaA lsDlqvy
Qsoj ls vki vkxs ugha c<+ ldrh gSaA dbZ rjg ds ckWl Hkh gksrs gSa
tks yM+fd;ksa ls lsDlqvy Qsoj ysrs jgs gSaA vc gekjk lekt dkQh
[kqy pqdk gSA NksVs ls 'kgjksa esa ml rjg dh tkx:drk vHkh ugha
vkbZ gS vkSj lacaf/kr ekeys ntZ ugha gksrs gSaA ysfdu vc yM+fd;ksa
dks le> esa vkus yxk gS fd ;g dkedkt dk fgLlk ugha gSA
dgha&dgha yxrk gS fd yM+fd;ka bldk Qk;nk mBkus yxrh gSa
ysfdu ;g ckr yksxksa dh le> esa vk tkrh gSA vkWfQl ds ekgkSy
esa ;g dnkfi cnkZ'r ugha gksxk vkSj efgykvksa dks nks;e ntkZ nsuk
;k fQj mudk 'kks"k.k gksuk vc ukeqefdu gSA
eSa cpiu ls fy[krh jgh gwaA nf{k.k Hkkjrh; ifjokj ls gwa
vkSj rfey gwaA gekjs ifjokj esa i<+us&fy[kus dh laLd`fr jgh gSA
pwafd esjs firkth fHkykbZ vk x, Fks vkSj ogka fganh dk ifjos'k Fkk]
bl dkj.k fganh dh Nki esjs eu ij iM+hA eSa dgkuh fganh esa fy[krh
Fkh vkSj os izdkf'kr Hkh gksrh FkhaA blls
?kj ds yksx [kq'k Hkh gksrs FksA ;g esjk ,d
'kkSd Fkk vkSj ml nkSj esa ijkx] paid]
pankekek] uanu vkfn esa esjh dgkfu;ka
izdkf'kr gksrh FkhaA ckn esa geyksx
lifjokj cacbZ vk x, vkSj eSaus ogka ls
,e-dkWe dh i<+kbZ dhA
ml nkSj esa VkbEl vkWQ
bafM;k esa Vªsuh dh tkWc fudyh FkhA eSaus
ogka laidZ fd;k rks eq>s dgk x;k fd
vkidks fy[kus dk 'kkSd gS rks vki dqN
fy[kdj Hksft;s] ilan vk,xk rks vkidks
cqyk;k tk,xk vkSj p;u fd;k tk,xkA
tc eSa VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k ds n¶rj xbZ
vkSj ns[kk fd bruk cM+k laLFkku gS] rks
eu fofLer gks x;kA fy[kuk D;k gksrk
gS] i=kdkfjrk D;k gksrk gS] ;gka vkus ds
ckn irk pykA ogka esjk p;u gks x;kA
;g esjs fy, iwjh rjg ubZ nqfu;k FkhA ets dh ckr ;g Fkh
fd pwafd eSa ,e-dkWe dj jgh Fkh vkSj cSad esa tkWc ds fy, mRlqd
Fkh] bl dkj.k esjs fy, ;g Pokbl Fkh fd eSa ehfM;k esa dqN u dj
ikÅa rks cSadksa dh nqfu;k esa ykSV ldrh gwaA ysfdu ;gka vkdj eq>s
yxk fd ;g ubZ rjg dh nqfu;k gS] u, yksxksa ls feyuk] ubZ rjg dh
tkudkjh gj jkst izkIr djuh gSA
1985 esa eSa VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k ls tqM+h Fkh vkSj ,d lky
Vªsuh jghA fQj] /keZ;qx esa milaiknd cu xbZ vkSj ml oä /keZohj
Hkkjrh laiknd FksA ml nkSj dh reke egku foHkwfr;ka ogka ekStwn
FkhaA os gesa crk;k djrs Fks] fl[kk;k djrs FksA lHkh yksx ogka
le>kus okys Fks vkSj gesa [kwc fl[kkrs FksA ogka tks ekgkSy Fkk] mlus
lky Hkj esa eq>s fu.kZ; ysus ds fy, foo'k dj fn;k fd vc eq>s
dgha ugha tkuk gSA ml nkSj esa i=kdkfjrk esa yM+fd;ka dkQh de
ehfM;k laLFkkuksa esa efgyk i=kdkj
fdruh lqjf{kr gSa\
vki i=kdkfjrk esa dSls vkbZa\
32
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
gksrh FkhaA gekjh Vhe 15 yksxksa dh Fkh vkSj muesa egt nks yM+fd;ka
FkhaA
eSaus i<+kbZ ch-dkWe vkSj fQj ,e-dkWe rd dhA bl rjg
dh i<+kbZ djus ds ckn vkidh Pokbl og gksrh gS] tks lekt us
cukbZ gksrh gSA fQj Hkh ,d ckr gksrh gS fd vkidks D;k ilan gS
vkSj D;k ugha ilan gSA ehfM;k esa vkus ij yksxksa us dkQh
grksRlkfgr fd;kA eSa Hkh ehfM;k dh nqfu;k ls iwjh rjg vutku Fkh
vkSj ugha tkurh Fkh fd eSa D;k dj jgh gwaA oSls Hkh cSad esa vlhe
laHkkouk,a gksrh gSa vkSj ukSdjh Hkh lqjf{kr jgrh gSA ysfdu eq>s
cus&cuk, jkLrs ij pyuk ilan ugha FkkA ehfM;k dk dke Hkh
dkQh pSysaftax FkkA esjs fy, T;knk vkd"kZ.k Fkk] u,&u, yksxksa ls
feyuk] muds fopkj tkuuk vkSj u, rjg ls dke djukA
VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k esa eq>s dkQh efgyk,a fn[krh FkhaA
fganh esa vHkh Hkh eq[; /kkjk esa efgyk,a dkQh de gSaA ;g og nkSj
Fkk tc efgykvksa dks ikWfyfVdy chV ugha nh tkrh FkhA gkykafd
jktsanz ekFkqj] ,lih flag dh utjksa esa ,slk dqN ugha FkkA mudk
ekuuk Fkk fd ftlds ikl tks dkfcfy;r gks] og oSlk gh dk;Z djsA
NksVs v[kckjksa esa eSaus t:j lquk gS fd efgyk,a Qhpj dkWye fy[krh
gSa ;k efgyk ls tqM+s eqíksa ij fy[krh gSa ysfdu cM+s v[kckjksa esa
vkidks <sj lkjs ekSds feyrs gSaA ;fn efgyk gksus ds dkj.k vki
fdlh rjg dk Qk;nk ysus dh dksf'k'k djsaxh rks vki fQj fiNM+sxsA
;fn vki dqN u;k djuk pkgrs gSa rks vkidks dksbZ euk ugha djsxkA
ifjorZu dk nkSj eSaus mlh oä ns[k fy;k FkkA ysfdu vkidks izwo
djuk gksrk gS fd og pSysaftax dke] vki vkSj flQZ vki gh dj
ldrh gSaA
eSa nl lky VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k esa dke djus ds ckn
bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ls tqM+h] [kkldj ,aVjVsuesaV ehfM;k lsA og
bysDVªkfud ehfM;k dk u;k nkSj FkkA ogka tkdj eSaus ubZ nqfu;k
ns[kh vkSj ik;k fd ;qokvksa ds fy, fdrus lkjs vkWI'ku gSaA fganh
i=kdkfjrk ,d [kkl lksp dks ysdj pyrh gSA bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k
esa gj iy ubZ lksp ds lkFk mifLFkr gksuk gksrk gSA ogka eSa
vk;fM,'ku eSustj Fkh vkSj lkjs fLØIV dks ns[krh Fkh fd og pSuy
ds fy, vPNh gS ;k ughaA
ogka jgrs gq, eSaus dbZ ckrsa lh[khaA igyk ;g fd eq>s ml
nkSj esa irk py x;k Fkk fd i=kdkfjrk esa ekdsZfVax fdruk egRoiw.kZ
gS] pkgs og fizaV dh i=kdkfjrk gks ;k fQj bysDVªkWfud dhA nwljh
ckr ;g lh[kh fd vius vkidks cuk, j[kus ds fy, vkidks
ckbZfyaXoy ¼f}Hkkf"kd½ gksuk fdruk t:jh gSA 'kq) fganh dh iwN
;fn vki fganh v[kckjksa esa dke dj jgs gSa rHkh gksxhA
Xykscykbts'ku dh 'kq#vkr ml nkSj esa gks pqdh FkhA ml oä esa Hkh
bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k fganh dk dkjksckj djrk Fkk ysfdu mlds Hkhrj
fu.kZ; ysus okys yksx vaxzsthnka FksA euksjatu dh nqfu;k esa ml nkSj
dks cgqr cM+h Økafr ds rkSj ij ns[kk tk jgk FkkA ftl le; eSa lksuh
Vhoh esa dk;Z dj jgh Fkh] mlh nkSj esa ewolZ ,aM 'ksdlZ dk izlkj.k
'kq: gqvk FkkA blds ckn ey;kye euksjek dh if=kdk ^ofurk* esa
laiknd cudj fnYyh vk xbZA
^ofurk* dk ldqZys'ku <kbZ&rhu yk[k ls vf/kd Fkk] tc
eSaus ogka dh ukSdjh NksM+hA v[kckj dh nqfu;k esa vki ,d lkFk dbZ
dke djrs gSaA eSaus ml nkSj esa ^vej mtkyk* v[kckj esa dkQh ys[k
fy[ks FksA cgqr cM+k IysVQkeZ gksrk gS v[kckjA gj rjg ds dke
djus dk pSysat Hkh gksrk gSA esjs fy, Hkh ;gka vkuk de pSysat u
FkkA Qhpj dk Iyku U;wt ls vkxs c<+dj djuk gksrk gSA vkt ds
v[kckj esa D;k vk;k vkSj fQj vki u;k r; djrs gSaA
eSa viuk dke 'kq: fd;k Fkk] bl dkj.k vej mtkyk dh
ukSdjh NksM+h FkhA varjjk"Vªh; ,tsafl;ksa ds lkFk vkWuykbu dkeksa esa
tqVh FkhA ;g dke 2009 ls ysdj 2011 rd pyk ysfdu eanh dh
ekj esa og vkWLVªsfy;kbZ daiuh ds can gks tkus ds ckn eSaus viuk
dke can dj fn;kA fQj eq>s viuk dke NksM+uk iM+kA
eSa gj g¶rs eqacbZ dh ,d vkSjr dh dgkuh fy[krh Fkh
vkSj og dkWye dkQh ikWiqyj FkkA eSaus ,d LVksjh dh Fkh] eaxy
uked ukSdj dhA eaxy yM+dh Fkh ysfdu mlds pkpk us mls yM+dk
fn[kkdj dke ij j[kok fn;k FkkA nl&ckjg o"kZ gksus ds ckn og
jkt [kqyk fd eaxy uked ukSdj yM+dk ugha yM+dh gSA ;s lc esjs
dgkuh ds ik=k gSaA eSaus fgtM+ksa ij dke fd;k gSA esjk nk;jk cgqr
[kqyk gS vkSj ;s lc esjs dgkuh ds ik=k gSa vkSj os dgkuh ds fgLlk
cus vkSj eq>s yxrk Fkk fd buds ckjs esa dqN fy[kuk pkfg,A
,e-dkWe djuk vkSj fganh i=kdkfjrk esa vkuk D;k ,d fojks/kkHkkl
ugha gS\
mu fnuksa efgyk i=kdkjksa dh D;k fLFkfr Fkh\
vkius lksuh Vhoh ds lkFk Hkh dke fd;k gS] ogka dSlk vuqHko jgk\
,d if=kdk ls v[kckj esa vkuk fdl rjg pqukSrhiw.kZ Fkk\
^vej mtkyk* NksM+us dk D;k dkj.k jgk Fkk\
i=kdkfjrk ls vki lkfgR; jpuk dh vksj dSls vkbZa\
lk{kkRdkjdrkZ nSfud ^fganqLrku*] ubZ fnYyh esa eq[; milaiknd gSaA
foe'kZehfM;k
33
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
d lkS pkSjklh lky iqjkuh efgyk i=kdkfjrk 1831 esa
la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ls 'kq: gqbZ] tc nqfu;k dh igyh
efgyk i=kdkj ,uh U;wikWVZ jk;y us ^izky ikbZ* fudkykA 68 o"kZ
dh bl tkx:d i=kdkj us izky ikbZ ds can gksus ds ek=k 13 fnu
ckn gh nwljk i=k ^gaVj* fudkyuk 'kq: dj fn;k Fkk] ftls os thou
ds vafre fnuksa rd fudkyrh jghaA Hkkjr esa Hkh efgyk i=kdkfjrk
ds mn; dk le; dky ;gh jgk gSA lu 1933 esa Jherh fizaVpkMZ us
^bafXyleSu* dh ftEesnkjh ifr ds fu/ku ds ckn laHkkyh FkhA ckn esa
Hkh ifr;ksa }kjk izdkf'kr i=k&if=kdkvksa dks laHkkyus okyh efgyk
i=kdkjksa dh yach J`a[kyk ns[kus dks feyrh gSA vktknh vkanksyu ds
le; tc ifjokj ds iq#"k lnL; tsy pys tkrs Fks rks muds ?kj dh
efgyk;sa muds }kjk izdkf'kr i=k&if=kdkvksa dk izdk'ku tkjh j[kk
djrh FkhaA Hkk"kkbZ efgyk i=kdkfjrk dh 'kq:vkr loZizFke 1848 esa
eks{knkf;uh nsoh ds ^ckaXyk efgyk* ls gqbZA rRi'pkr 1857 esa
psuEek rqefj us csyxkao ls dUuM Hkk"kk dh ^'kkykeB if=kdk*
fudkyhA mnwZ esa ^gSnjkckn xtV* ¼1871½ vkflQ tgka us fudkykA
fganh Hkk"kk esa i=kdkfjrk dh 'kq#vkr djrs gq, Jksf=k;k iw.kkZnsoh us
^vcyk fgrdkjd* ¼1883½ y[kuÅ ls izdkf'kr fd;kA laiknd ds
:i esa igyk cM+k uke caxHkk"kh lqo.kZdqekjh nsoh dk jgk gS] ftUgksaus
VSxksj ifjokj dh if=kdk ^Hkkjrh* dk 1884 ls 1895 vkSj 1906 ls
1920 rd laiknu fd;kA mUgsa izFke efgyk x| ysf[kdk Hkh ekuk
x;k gSA mudh iq=kh ljyk nsoh us mudh vuqefr esa rFkk ckn esa Hkh
^Hkkjrh* dk lEiknu Hkkj laHkkyk FkkA o"kZ 1884 efgyk i=kdkfjrk
ds fy, vPNk o"kZ fl) gqvkA bl o"kZ fxjhUnz ekfguh nsoh us ckaXyk
esa ^pqukj*] ekyrhckbZ rsanqydj us eqEcbZ ls ejkBh lkfgR; ^izrksn*
vkSj fcfYdltgka csxe ^ukt* us ^xqynLrk&,&ukt* mnwZ esa
fudkyhA nsgyh ls efgykvkaas ds fy, ^v[kckj m fulka* Hkh blh o"kZ
izdkf'kr gqvkA
fganh dh igyh efgyk laiknd gsear dqekjh nsoh pkS/kjh us
e/;izns'k ds jryke ls ^lqx`fg.kh* ¼1888½ dk izdk'ku fd;kA
blesa Nih ^esgrjk.kh dk lrhRo* [kcj ls ml le; dh efgyk
vfLerk dks le>k tk ldrk gS& ^dydÙks ds ikl vyhiqj esa ,d
ljdkjh tqysftdy cxhpk gS] ogka ,d esgrjk.kh >kM+w ns jgh FkhA
,d vaxzsth lkgc mlls NsM+[kkuh djus yxk rks mlus mlds eqag ij
>kM+w ns ekjk] cxhps ds vU; yksx mls idM+dj caxkyh vQlj ds
ikl ys x;s] ifgys lkgc us viuk nks"k Lohdkj u fd;k] ijUrq ihNs
fourh djus yxk fd dpgjh esa ukfy'k u djsaA ckcw us mls viuk
vkSj fBdkuk fy[kdj nsus dks dgk] lkgc us cM+h eqf'dy ls
fy[kdj fn;kA fonk gksrs le; lkgc us gkFk fgykuk pkgk rks ckcw
us dgk ^eSa ,sls ?k`f.kr i'kq ls gkFk ugha feykrkA* efgykvksa esa
vkRefo'okl c<+kus okyh bl rjg dh [kcjsa efgyk i=kdkfjrk esa
vkjEHk ls gh ns[kus dks feyrh gSaA ykgkSj i=kdkfjrk dk x<+ jgk gS]
ogka ls gjnsoh us 1889 ls 1906 rd ^Hkkjr Hkfxuh* dk
izdk'ku&laiknu fd;k] os i=kdkfjrk ds ek/;e ls Lora=krk laxzke
ds dSfn;ksa ds fy, /ku bdëk fd;k djrh FkhaA ;gha ls eqgEenh csxe
us ^rgtho , fuLoka* fudkykA ftlesa efgykvksa dks fy[kus ds fy,
izsfjr fd;k tkrk FkkA bl mnwZ if=kdk dk laiknu vkflQ tgka
djrh Fkha] blesa izdkf'kr ys[kksa ij efgykvksa dks iqjLdkj Hkh iznku
fd;s tkrs FksA
lu 1902 esa dkdhukM+k ls rsyqxw ekfld ^fgUnw lqUnjh*
fudkyk] lEiknd ckyka=k"kq 'ks"kEek FkhaA ;gh og le; Fkk tc
fnYyh us ^'kElmy fugkj* dk laiknu Hkkj ch- vYyknh utkdr
,
i=kdkfjrk esa efgykvksa dk ;ksxnku,uhcslsUV us 1914 esa psUubZ ls ^dkeu ohy* fudkykA ftlesa ^LojkT; fdl rjg dk
feyuk pkfg,* ds ckjs esa fy[kk gS& ^^jktuhfrd lq/kkjksa ls gekjk rkRi;Z xzke iapk;rksa ls
ysdj ftyk cksMkZsa vkSj uxj ikfydkvksa] izkUrh; fo/kkulHkkvksa vkSj jk"Vªh; laln rd
LojkT; LFkkfir djuk gSA bu lc laLFkkvksa dks oSlk gh LojkT; feyuk pkfg, tSlk fd
fczfV'k lkezkT; ds vU; mifuos'kksa dks feyk gqvk gSA**
vkoj.k dFkk-1eaxyk vuqtk
34
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
lEHkkg jgh FkhaA mlh le; ejkBh efgyk i=kdkj dh tkudkjh nsrs
gq, ia- ek/kojko lizs ^NÙkhlx<+ fe=k* ¼1902½ esa fy[krs gSa&
^lqizfl) ^egkjk"Vª efgyk* uke dh ekfld iqLrd tks fe-
dk'khukFk j?kqukFk fe=k dh /keZiRuh lkSHkkX;orh euksjek ckbZ fe=k
}kjk laikfnr gksrh gS] ls fL=k;ksa ds drZO;] vkaXyiRuh ds drZO; vkSj
x`fg.kh f'k{kk ys[k fy;s gSa] vr% d`rKrkiwoZd laikfndk dks dksfV'k%
/kU;okn nsrs gSaA* lu 1907 rd vkrs&vkrs efgyk i=kdkfjrk ds
rsojksa esa cnyko ns[kk tkus yxkA vkxjk ds ^inkZu'kha* esa Jherh
[kkeks'k us vdcj bykgkcknh dk ;g 'ksj Nkik Fkk&
blh o"kZ izdkf'kr ckaXyk i=k ^lqizHkkr* dh laiknd
dqeqnuh fe=kk us ^'kghn izQqYy pkdh* ds 'ko ds fp=k ds lkFk ;g
dkO; iafDr;ka Nkih Fkha&
oS| firk dh ^xq.kh iq=kh ;'kksnk nsoh us ^L=kh fpfdRld*]
^dU;k loZLo* vkSj ^L=kh /keZ f'k{kd* dk laiknu&izdk'ku fd;kA
^L=kh/keZ f'k{kd* ¼1909½ ds eq[ki`"B ij Nik djrh Fkha&
blh o"kZ dk'kh ls ^x`gy{eh* dks xksikynsoh us vkSj
jkes'ojh nsoh usg: us ^L=kh niZ.k* dks laikfnr fd;kA nksuksa gh
if=kdkvksa us L=kh ds lexz fodkl ds fy, f'k{kk dks t:jh crk;k
FkkA Hkkjrh; efgyk i=kdkfjrk esa ^,uhcslsUV ;qx* dk cgqr egRo
gS] i=kdkjh; ys[ku dks vkthfodk cukus okyh ,uhcslsUV us 1914
esa psUubZ ls ^dkeu ohy* fudkykA ftlesa ^LojkT; fdl rjg dk
feyuk pkfg,* ds ckjs esa fy[krh gSa& ^^jktuhfrd lq/kkjksa ls gekjk
rkRi;Z xzke iapk;rksa ls ysdj ftyk cksMkZsa vkSj uxj ikfydkvksa]
izkUrh; fo/kkulHkkvksa vkSj jk"Vªh; laln rd LojkT; LFkkfir
djuk gSA bu lc laLFkkvksa dks oSlk gh LojkT; feyuk pkfg, tSlk
fd fczfV'k lkezkT; ds vU; mifuos'kksa dks feyk gqvk gSA** mUgksaus
^enzkl LVSaMMZ* dks [kjhndj ^U;q bafM;k* uke ls izdkf'kr fd;kA
vfM;kj ls ^fFk;kslksfQLV* ¼1920½ vkSj 1927 esa ^Ýh izsl lekpkj
vfHkdj.k* dh 'kq#vkr dhA fizafVax izsl Mkyus okyh igyh efgyk
gksus ds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjr esa i=kdkfjrk f'k{kk dh tud Hkh
,uhcslsUV gh FkhaA izfl) lkfgR;dkj vkSj i=kdkj egknsoh oekZ
^pk¡n* ¼1936½ dh lEikndh; esa ;qxksa&;qxksa ls izrkfM+r gks jgh L=kh
dh ewd osnuk dks js[kkafdr djrs gq, fy[krh gSa& ^^vfXu esa cSBdj
vius vkidks izfrizk.kk izekf.kr djus okyh LQfVd lh LoPN
lhrk esa L=kh dh vuUr ;qxksa dh osnuk lkdkj gks xbZ gSA dkSu dg
ldrk gS] ml Hkkxrs gq, ;qx us viuh ml vykSfdd d`fr] vius
euq";Ro dh {kqnz lhek esa ca/ks fo'kky nsoRo dh vksj ,d ckj eqM+dj
ns[kus dk Hkh d"V lgkA euq"; dh lk/kkj.k nqcZyrk ls ;qDr nhu
ekrk dk o/k djrs gq, u ijkØeh ij'kqjke dk ân; fi?kyk u
euq";rk dh vlk/kkj.k xfjek ls xq: lhrk dks i`Foh esa lekfgr
^^csinkZ utj vkbZ tks dy pan chfc;k¡]
vdcj teha esa bTtrs dkSeh ls xM+ x;kA
iwNk tks muls vkidk inkZ oks D;k gqvk]
dgus yxha ds vDy is enkZsa ds iM+ x;kA**
^^eka iwNrh gS ^gs ;k=kh*
rqe bl d"Viznk ekxZ esa vle; gh D;ksa ej x,A*
og mÙkj nsrk gS& ^gs ekaA blesa ihM+k ;k 'kksd dh D;k ckr gSA
eSa rks e`R;q ls fuR; [ksyrk gw¡] e`R;q esjh 'k=kq ughaA
eka fQj iwNrh gS&
^gs ckyd rqe fdlds I;kjs gks\ rqEgkjs fy, eSa ej tkrh]
rqEgkjs Lof.kZe eq[kM+s dks ns[kdj eq>s [kq'kh gks jgh gSA*
ysfdu rqe brus mUeÙk D;ksa gks x;s gks]
rqEgkjs dksey ân; eas Hk; D;ksa ugha\
'ko mÙkj nsrk gS&
^bruh cM+h nqfu;k esa vusd ?kj gSa
tks eq>s I;kj ls iqdkj jgs gSa]
vusd n;kyq fL=k;ka gSa] tks eq>s ekr`or O;ogkj djrh gSaA
e`R;q esjh nqYgu vkSj esjh ek¡ gS]**
^^xq.kjRu dk lqvkdj] f'k{kk lq/kk lq/kkdjA
gS L=kh/keZ& f'k{kd] 'kqHk/keZ dk izHkkdjAA
bfrgkl f'kYi oS|d] x`g uhfr iq=k ikyuA
fl[kyk ds ukfj;ksa dks] nsrk uohu thouAA**
vktkn Hkkjr dh i=kdkfjrk esa efgyk i=kdkjksa dh mifLFkfr c<+h rks muds fy, i=kdkfjrk
{ks=k esa fofo/k laHkkouk,¡ Hkh c<+rh pyh xbZaA bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k vkus ds ckn rks efgyk
i=kdkjksa dk opZLo gh LFkkfir gks x;kA mUgksaus ;q) dh fjiksfVZax ls ysdj ?kiys&?kksVkys dks
mtkxj djus esa viuh i=kdkjh; dq'kyrk fn[kykus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+hA
foe'kZehfM;k
35
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
djrs gq, jke dk ân; fonh.kZ gqvkA** i<+h&fy[kh xq.kh fL=k;ksa dks
^fonq"kh vad* esa os lko/kku Hkh djrh gSa& ßgekjs ns'k dh fonqf"k;ksa
dk] euq"; cu dj vkSjksa esa euq";rk ds Hkko Hkjus dk ozr xzg.k
djuk gh] mudh dhfrZ dks mTToy j[k ldsxkAÞ
Hkkjr dh igyh efgyk QksVks i=kdkj gksebZ O;kjkokyk
1930 esa ^bysLVªsVM ohdyh* ls tqM+ha vkSj mUgksaus Lora=krk fnol
lfgr dbZ vfoLej.kh; ?kVukvksa dks 1970 rd vius dSejs esa
mrkjkA T;ksfreZ;h Bkdqj ^defyuh* ¼1935½ esa if=kdk izdk'ku dk
mís'; Li"V djrh gSa& ßgekjs ns'k esa fL=k;k¡ vkt nks Hkkxksa eas ck¡Vh
tk ldrh gSa& ¼1½ 'kgjksa esa jgus okyh ¼2½ nsgkrksa esa jgus okyhA
defyuh ds }kjk eSa L=kh&tkfr dh lsok djuk pkgrh gw¡A** ykgkSj ls
izdkf'kr ^ekyrh* ¼1935½ dh lapkyd laiknd ekyrh nsoh ikBdksa
}kjk 'kqYd u fn, tkus ij fy[krh gSa& ßvf/kdka'k ikBdksa us ekyrh
dk;kZy; ds lkFk ,slk O;ogkj fd;k fd pkj&pkj] ik¡p&ik¡p vad
eaxkrs x, vkSj fy[krs jgs fd ^vc pUns dh jde Hksth tkrh gSA*
^vc Hksth tkrh gS* fdarq etcwj gksdj tc dk;kZy; us ch-ih- Hkstk
rks fuLladksp ls okfil dj fn;k ftlls pkj vkus Qh xkgd dh
vksj ls dk;kZy; dks vkSj gkfu mBkuh iM+hA ,sls egkuqHkkoksa dh
la[;k lSdM+ksa esa gSAÞ dksydkrk ls ØkfUrdkjh i=kdkj lhrknsoh us
^efgyk* ¼1938½ ds izFkekad esa fL=k;ksa dks niZ.k fn[kkus dh dksf'k'k
dh Fkh& ß>wBs vkRe xkSjo dk vkoj.k gVkdj ns[ksa rks Li"V Kkr
gksxk fd lalkj ds ,d d.k ij Hkh gekjk vf/kdkj ugha gSA ftl
xkSjo] Kku vkSj Lok/khurk dh ge Hkh tUe&fl) vf/kdkfj.kh gSa
ml ij iq#"kksa us ,dkdh vf/kdkj tek jD[kk gSA D;k ?kj] D;k
lekt] D;k jktuhfr] D;k vFkZ dgha Hkh gekjh lÙkk ugha gSA iq#"k
izHkq gesa viuh bPNk ds vuqlkj pykrs gSa vkSj ge muds bafxr ij
pyus esa gh viuk vgksHkkX; le>rh gSaAÞ efgyk i=kdkjksa us vius
vkidks dsoy efgyk foe'kZ rd gh lhfer ugha j[kk] vfirq
lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk Hkh dh] ^eqlkfQj* ¼1940½ esa jktjkuh nhf{kr
us fy[kk& ßge fgUnh esa ,d ubZ ;kstuk ysdj [kM+s gq,A lq#fpiw.kZ
lkfgR;] lfp=k vkSj lqUnj xsV&vi esa gksdj Hkh lÙkk gks] izR;sd
ys[kd dks mlds Je dk leqfpr ewY; feys] mnh;eku izfrHkk dks
izksRlkgu fn;k tk,A bu mís';ksa ds e/; ^eqlkfQj* dk tUe gqvk
vkSj bUgha ds e/; mldk iks"k.k gks jgk gSAÞ
1942 eas Hkkjr NksM+ks vkUnksyu 'kq: gqvk rks Å"kk esgrk
dkWyst dh i<+kbZ NksM+ vkUnksyu esa dwn iM+ha] mUgksaus dqN fe=kksa dh
lgk;rk ls ^xqIr jsfM;ks* dh LFkkiuk dj izlkj.k 'kq: dj fn;k]
ftlus ^vaxzstksa Hkkjr NksM+ks* ds ukjs dks xk¡o&xk¡o rd igq¡pk fn;kA
^vydk* ¼1947½ dh lEiknd fo}Ùkek feJ us muds ckjs esa fy[kk&
ßljdkjh fu;a=k.k ds dkj.k lekpkj v[kckjksa esa ugha Nius ikrs Fks]
vr% turk jsfM;ks lquus ds fy, mRlqd jgrh FkhA m"kk vaxzsth esa
Hkk"k.k djrh Fkha vkSj vUr eas ^oUns ekrje~* xku ds lkFk viuk
izksxzke iwjk djrh FkhaA m"kk esgrk dks ^jsfM;ks "kM~;a=k dsl* esa nf.Mr
fd;k x;k FkkA Hkkjr dh vfLerk fgUnh ij ^Hkkjrh* ¼1944½ dh
lEiknd 'kkUrk dqekjh fy[krh gSa& ßorZeku le; esa jk"VªHkk"kk
fgUnh dk iz'u dsoy dk'ehj dk gh ugha cfyd leLr Hkkjr dk gS]
blfy, ge vk'kk djrs gSa fd u;s iz/kkuea=kh lkfgc bl leL;k dks
lqy>kus dk iz;Ru djsaxsAÞ jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu esa lfØ; Hkwfedk
fuHkkus okyh efgyk i=kdkjksa us lHkh Hkk"kkvksa eas viuh mifLFkfr
ntZ djkbZ gSA ftu efgyk i=kdkjksa us i=kdkfjrk txr esa vfeV
Nki NksM+h muesa ls dqN ieq[k gSa& izfrHkknsoh] cklarh nsoh] mfeZyk
nsoh] lqUnjh nsoh] 'kkafr nsoh ukx] jkes'ojh nsoh] ehjk nÙk] yhyk
jk;] dY;k.kh nkl] xksiky nsoh] jsok jko] vUuiw.kkZ nsoh] vgenh
[kkrwu] csxe v[rj vktkn] lqxjk csxe g;k] tgwj Qkfrek csxe]
csxe drhy valkjh] de#fUulk csxe] Qgfenk [kkrwu] lk;jk
csxe Qk#dh] esgewnk fjtfo;k] eqUuaxh y{ehujflag ljek] MkW-
eqÙkqy{eh jsìh] 'kkjnk nsoh] ekyrh iVo/kZu lrh] th nqxkZckbZ
ns'keq[k] ekyrh panj] voafrdk ckbZ xks[kys] ekbZ cjsjdj]
deykckbZ pkSxqys] nqxkZ Hkkxor] tkyw dkaxk] ouyhyk 'kkg] ehuk{kh
ds i.M~;k] 'kkUrk dqekjh] dkSf'kY;k nsoh] lqHknzkdqekjh pkSgku]
ghjknsoh prqoZsnh] 'khyk >qu>quokyk] e`.kky ik.Ms vkfn&vkfnA ,d
NksVs ls ys[k esa lHkh dks lekfgr dj ikuk laHko ugha gSA
vktkn Hkkjr dh i=kdkfjrk fodkl dh i=kdkfjrk jghA
efgyk i=kdkjksa dh mifLFkfr c<+h rks muds fy, i=kdkfjrk {ks=k esa
fofo/k laHkkouk,¡ Hkh c<+rh pyh xbZaA bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k vkus ds
ckn rks efgyk i=kdkjksa dk opZLo gh LFkkfir gks x;kA mUgksaus ;q)
dh fjiksfVZax ls ysdj ?kiys&?kksVkys dks mtkxj djus esa viuh
i=kdkjh; dq'kyrk fn[kykus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+hA dk;Z{ks=k dk
nk;jk c<+us ds lkFk&lkFk] i=kdkfjrk txr ds cM+s&cM+s inksa ij
efgyk i=kdkjksa dh mifLFkfr ntZ gqbZ] tgk¡ mUgksaus viuh
dk;Z{kerk ls u dsoy ifjfpr djk;k] vfirq dbZ ckj rks vpafHkr
Hkh dj fn;kA vHkh Hkh Hkkjr esa efgyk i=kdkfjrk ds fy, vlhe
laHkkouk,¡ cuh gqbZ gSaA& ysf[kdk lizs laxzgky;] Hkksiky dh funs'kd gSaA
36
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
[kcj dk cktkj
[kcj vkSj euksjatu ds chp efgyk
[kcj ehfM;k ds dsanz esa gSA ehfM;k ds reke vaxksa
esa U;wt ehfM;k lcls lfØ;] ltx] vfuok;Z vkSj xaHkhj
t:jr ds rkSj ij ns[kk tkrk gSA [kcj dk cktkj lkekftd]
vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd] lkaLd`frd vkSj ;gka rd fd
vkanksyudkjh vkSj vk/;kfRed fn'kk dks Hkh izHkkfor vkSj
dbZ ckj lapkfyr rd djrk gSA blfy, [kcj ds cktkj dks
utjvankt ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ysfdu [kcj flQZ [kcj
dh otg ls gh [kcj cudj [kRe ugha gksrhA [kcj ds lkFk
izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :i ls cgqr ls ,sls dkjd tqM+s gksrs gSa tks
ehfM;k ds dYpj dh ifjHkk"kk dks cukrs&cnyrs gSaA ;gh
otg gS fd tkWu dkWuZj bls ehfM;k LVMht ds chpksachp
ifCyd ukWyst izkstDV dk uke nsrs gSaA ;gka lwpuk ds ihNs
dh jktuhfr vkSj n'kZd dks fdlh ns'k ds ukxfjd ds rkSj ij
ns[kus dh Hkh O;oLFkk gSA
,d tkuk&ekuk dFku gS fd gj O;fäxr ?kVuk
jktuhfrd ugha gks ldrh ysfdu mlesa jktuhfrd gksus ;k cuk,
tkus dh laHkkouk ges'kk ekStwn jgrh gSA ;gh [kcj dh rkdr Hkh
gSA ysfdu lkFk gh [kcj dh iwjh nqfu;k [kqn Hkh dbZ rkdrksa ds ?ksjs
esa gh fn[krh gSA ehfM;k ds lewps ifjn`'; esa iq#"k vkSj efgyk ds
chp dk vlarqyu cgqr lkQ rkSj ij mHkj dj lkeus vkrk gSA iwjh
nqfu;k] [kkl rkSj ls Hkkjr esa] ehfM;k dh mifLFkfr Bksl gqbZ gS vkSj
;g ns'k ds lcls nenkj m|ksx ds rkSj ij ns[kk Hkh tkus yxk gSA
ysfdu blds ckotwn vc Hkh dke ds caVokjs] [kcjksa ds p;u vkSj
izFkkfedrk esa vkSjr dh ekStwnxh cgqr izHkkoh ugha gks ldrh gSA
efgykoknh bfrgkldkj esjh j;ku us Hkh ;g ekuk Fkk fd
18oha vkSj 19oha lnh ds lcls lfØ; nkSj esa efgyk,a ihNs fn[kha
tcfd jktuhfrd izfØ;k vkSj efgyk vf/kdkjksa ds fy, mudh
Hkwfedk dkQh nenkj FkhA vxj mudh Hkwfedk dks ml le;
bfrgklc) fd;k tkrk rks vkt ,d nwljs rjg dk bfrgkl i<+us
dks feyrkA
blds dsanz esa ;g le>uk t:jh gks tkrk gS fd [kcj ds
fu/kkZj.k] vkxeu] p;u vkSj mlds LFkku dks r; djus ds nkSjku
vk/kh vkcknh dh txg dgka vkSj fdruh t:jh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
Hkkjr esa gj 34 feuV esa ,d efgyk dk cykRdkj gksrk gS]
43 feuV esa ,d efgyk dk vigj.k gksrk gS vkSj gj 93 feuV esa
de ls de ,d efgyk dh gR;kA bu vkadM+ksa dh i`"BHkwfe esa
vkSjr vkSj ehfM;k ds chp ds rkus&ckus dks le>us dh dksf'k'k dh
tk ldrh gS D;ksafd reke cglksa ds ckotwn bl ckr ls badkj ugha
fd;k tk ldrk fd vkSjr ls tqM+s eqíksa ij vkSjr dh i=kdkjh;
ekStwnxh [kcj dks csgrj laosnu'khyrk ds lkFk ij[kus dh
1
2
ehfM;k Lisl esa vkSjr dh ekStwnxh[kcjksa dh HkhM+ ds chp [kcj ijkslus dk dke Hkys gh vDlj mlds fgLls vkrk gS ij blls Hkh cM+k
dke dk eap mlds lkeus jgrk gS ftl ij og gy pykrh gSA vly esa [kcjksa dh HkhM+ ds chp [kcj
ijkslrh vkSjr ,d fcac gS vkSj lekt dh dbZ ijrksa dks m/ksM+ dj lkeus j[krh gSA Vhoh ds ckgj vkSj
vanj&nksuksa gh txgksa ij efgyk dh Nfo dks cgqr lksp&le>dj x<+k x;k gSA
vkoj.k dFkk-2ofrZdk uank
foe'kZehfM;k
37
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
dkfcfy;r j[krh gSA
fQYe MVhZ fiDpj esa fo|k ckyu dgrh gSa fd fQYeksa esa
rhu gh phtsa fcdrh gSa& ,aVjVsaesaV] ,aVjVsaesaV vkSj ,aVjVsaesaVA fQYe
esa dgk x;k ;g lp Vhoh ds NksVs ijns ij T;knk cM+s vkdkj esa
fn[kkbZ nsrk gS vkSj fopkj ds u, dsanz [kksy dj lkeus j[krk gSA
ehfM;k ds c<+rs foLrkj ds chp xaHkhj [kcj ds vxaHkhj lalkj ij
lrr cgl gksus yxh gSA
Hkkjrh; ehfM;k vius vkdkj ds vykok vius ncncs]
u, dysoj] eqLrSnh vkSj rsth ls pedrh ftl lsgr dh otg ls
ftruk [kcj esa vk;k gS] mruk gh [kqn ds cs[kcj ;k viuh [kcj
cu tkus dh otg ls HkhA ,d mEehn txh Fkh fd ehfM;k dk c<+rk
vkdkj L=kh ds fy, cjkcjh ¼dkQh gn rd½ dh tehu dks [kM+k
djsxk ysfdu tks vkcksgok cuh] mlesa efgyk euksjatu dk lkeku
curh rks fn[kh ij cjkcjh ls ijs gh jghA blfy, isM U;wt]
fc[kjrh U;wt] vkanksyu dh U;wt] czsfdax U;wt ds reke foe'kksaZ ds
chp ehfM;k ds cktkj esa L=kh dh ekStwnxh dks Hkh 'kh'ks ij mrkjuk
t:jh fn[krk gSA
U;wt ehfM;k esa tsaMj fjiksfVaZx ij nqfu;k ds lcls
'kks/kijd iz;kl Xykscy ehfM;k ekWfuVfjax fjiksVZ dk ;gka ftØ
djuk gksxkA bl fjiksVZ dks rS;kj djus ds fy, o"kZ 2009&10 esa
130 ns'kksa ds 42 lSaiy fy, x,A blds fy, 14]044 [kcjksa dk
pquko fd;k x;kA blesa ;g ik;k x;k fd jktuhfr ;k ljdkjh
lekpkj vc Hkh dqy dojst dk 27 izfr'kr fgLlk ysrs gSa tcfd
vijk/k vkSj fgalk 20 izfr'kr gSA
fjiksVZ esa ;g dgk x;k fd lcls t:jh eqíksa ij Hkh
efgykvksa dh jk; dksbZ [kkl ek;us ugha j[krhA reke lekpkj
ek/;eksa esa ljdkj vkSj jktuhfr ij efgyk ds fopkj 4 izfr'kr
vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk tSls eqíksa ij flQZ 1 izfr'kr txg gh gkfly dj
ikrs gSaA bl fjiksVZ dks ns[kus ds ckn nf{k.k vÝhdk ls fudyus okys
lekpkj i=k Msyh fyaDl ds laikndh; esa [kkl rkSj ls ;g dgk x;k
fd ßvxj dojst dh fLFkfr ;gh jgh rks gesa fdlh lQyrk rd
igqapus esa de ls ,d 'krkCnh vkSj yxsxhAÞ
ysfdu ;g ckr Fkh [kcj curh efgyk dh ysfdu [kcj
cukrh efgyk dh fLFkfr D;k gS] bl ij lwpukijd ppkZ,a dkQh
lhfer jgh gSaA Hkkjrh; ehfM;k esa efgykvksa ds izfrfuf/kRo dh
fLFkfr tkuus ds fy, ehfM;k LVMht xzqi dk fd;k x;k ,d
ns'kO;kih losZ Hkh pSadkus okys vkadM+s is'k djrk gSA ehfM;k esa
ySafxd vlekurk dks fn[kkus okyk ;g losZ crkrk gS fd ehfM;k esa
efgykvksa dk ns'kO;kih vkSlr izfrfuf/kRo ek=k 2-7 izfr'kr gSA
blesa 6 jkT; vkSj nks dsanz 'kkflr izns'k ,sls gSa tgka ftyk Lrj ij
efgyk i=kdkjksa dk vkSlr 'kwU; gS tcfd vka/kzizns'k esa ftyk Lrj
ij dk;Zjr efgyk i=kdkj vkSj laikndksa dh la[;k lcls vf/kd
¼107½ gS vkSj ;g lwph esa lcls mij gSA
yksdra=k ds fofHkUu LraHkksa esa efgykvksa ds izfrfuf/kRo dh
tc Hkh ckr gksrh gS ehfM;k] efgykvksa ds l'kfädj.k vkSj
izfrfuf/kRo ds loky dks cgqr tksjnkj rjhds ls mBkrk gSA ysfdu
vkadM+s crkrs gSa fd [kqn ehfM;k esa efgykvksa ds izfrfuf/kRo dh
gkyr dkQh uktqd gSA
o"kZ 2006 esa ehfM;k LVMht xzqi us ehfM;kdfeZ;ksa dh
lkekftd i`"BHkwfe ij Hkh ,d v/;;u fd;k FkkA ;g crkrk gS fd
fu.kZ; ysus okys inksa ij efgykvksa dh fgLlsnkjh dsoy 17 izfr'kr
gSA vaxzsth dh bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ;gka csgrj fLFkfr esa Fkh] tgka
fu.kZ; ysus okys inksa ij 32 izfr'kr efgyk,a dk;Zjr FkhaA ehfM;k
LVMht xzqi us ;s losZ fnYyh fLFkr 37 jk"Vªh; ehfM;k laLFkkuksa esa
fu.kZ; ysus okys 315 egRoiw.kZ inksa dks nk;js esa j[krs gq, fd;k FkkA
blesa gj laLFkku esa Åij ds Øe ls 10 inksa ds ckjs esa v/;;u
fd;k x;k FkkA
tkfgj rkSj ij [kcjksa ds xaHkhj dke&dkt ds chp vkSjr
dh dbZ Nfo;ka ,dne lkQ gSaA ijns ds ihNs og ,d deZB efgyk
gS ftls iq#"kksa ds chp mlh rRijrk ls ¼vkerkSj ij rks mlls Hkh
T;knk rRijrk ls½ dke djuk gS rkfd og derj lkfcr u gksA
mldk ;g dke&dkt n¶rjh pkjnhokjh esa Hkys gh fn[k tkrk gks ij
ckgj dh nqfu;k mlds la?k"kksaZ ls veweu vNwrh gh jgrh gSA ijns ds
lkeus fn[krh vkSjr ,d lth&laojh fu;r ijikVh esa fn[krh gS tks
,d vke n'kZd dks lqanj] n'kZuh;] mi;ksxh] fVdkÅ vkSj vkerkSj
ij ltkoV ds ,d lkeku dh rjg fn[kkbZ ns ldrh gS vkSj cjkcjh
dk Hkze iSnk djrh gS ij vly ckr ;g gS fd efgyk flQZ [kcj dks
i<+rh Hkj gh ugha gSA
[kcjksa dh HkhM+ ds chp [kcj ijkslus dk dke Hkys gh
vDlj mlds fgLls vkrk gS ij blls Hkh cM+k dke dk eap mlds
lkeus jgrk gS ftl ij og gy pykrh gSA vly esa [kcjksa dh HkhM+
ds chp [kcj ijkslrh vkSjr ,d fcac gS vkSj lekt dh dbZ ijrksa
dks m/ksM+ dj lkeus j[krh gSA Vhoh ds ckgj vkSj vanj&nksuksa gh
txgksa ij efgyk dh Nfo dks cgqr lksp&le>dj x<+k x;k gSA
3
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foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
[kcjksa ds chp efgyk vkSj efgyk ds ml ikj dh [kcj
,dfjax Lisl esa efgykvksa dk ijpeefgyk l'kfädj.k dh tehu ij Vhoh ,adj
njvly ,adj n'kZd vkSj [kcj ds chp lsrq dk dke
djrh gSA ysfdu ,slk dbZ ckj gksrk gS fd lsrq dh ,d [kkl Nfo
jp nh tkrh gS ftlds tfj, [kcj dks fofo/k vk;keksa ls izHkkfor
djus dk iz;kl dj fn;k tkrk gSA ;g Hkh ,d otg gS fd nqfu;k
Hkj ds Vhoh pSuy esa efgykvksa dks ,adj ds rkSj ij izeq[krk nsus dk
pyu 'kq: gks x;kA
vkLVªsfy;k dh tkuh&ekuh Vhoh ,adj dVjhuk yh us Hkh
;g ekuk Fkk fd U;wt i<+us okyh efgyk dh [kwclwjrh okdbZ dkQh
ek;us j[krh gSA os 1978&1997 rd Vsyhfotu ,adj jgha FkhA
ysfdu [kqn mUgsa 1985 esa vkLVªsfy;k czkWMdkfLVax ,lksfl,'ku ds
f[kykQ dsl djuk iM+k Fkk D;ksafd ,d dk;ZØe esa mudh rqyuk
pwls gq, vke ls dh xbZ FkhA bl ?kVuk us bl cgl dks mHkkjk Fkk
fd efgyk ,adj dk dke T;knk izeq[k gksrk gS ;k fQj mldh
yqDlA cgl ;g Hkh gqbZ Fkh fd [kcj i<+rh vkSjr dks ,d xaHkhj
deZ djrs i=kdkj ds rkSj ij ns[kk tk, ;k fQj XySej ds ySal ls ml
ij fVIif.k;ka dh tk,aA
vejhdk dk QkWDl pSuy Hkh efgyk ,adjksa esa XySej dks
roTtks nsrk fn[kkbZ nsrk jgk gSA ,d yacs le; rd QkWDl bdykSrk
,slk usVodZ cuk jgk ftlus vius ,adjksa ds fy, best dalyVsaV
j[ksA QkWDl U;wt ds ps;jeSu jkWxj ,fyl us ,d ckj dgk Hkh Fkk
fd lkjg ikfyu dks crkSj ,adj blfy, j[kk x;k D;ksafd og gkWV
gS vkSj jsfVax ykrh gSA
njvly Vsyhfotu ehfM;k esa vkus okys cnyko T;knk
rRij gksrs gSaA ;gka u, eqgkojs vkSj u, f[kykM+h jkst vk tqM+rs gSaA
ysfdu ehfM;k LVMht esa lcls cM+h pqukSrh ;gh gS fd reke
ek/;eksa ds chp dkWeu ;kuh ,d leku gS D;kA
vyx&vyx ns'kksa dh lÙkkvksa vkSj :fp;ksa ds vkl&ikl
?kwerk ehfM;k ckgjh izHkkoksa ls drbZ vNwrk ugha gS] ,sls esa jk"Vªh;
iz.kkyh ls ysdj lkaLd`frd dysoj rd ehfM;k ds iM+us okys vlj
dh xgu leh{kk vfuok;Z gks tkrh gSA ;gh otg gS fd fiNys ,d
n'kd esa ehfM;k ls fudyus okyh /ofu;ksa vkSj ladsrksa ij xgu
'kks/k dh t:jr eglwl dh tkus yxh gSA
u, Hkkjr esa Hkh U;wt ,adfjax dh Lisl ij efgykvksa dk
opZLo dk;e gks pqdk gSA [kcj dh izLrksrk ls ysdj [kcj dks
tksM+dj ykus okyh Hkh efgyk gh gSA vc vxj ;g iwNk tk, fd
reke U;wt pSuyksa esa ,d dkWeu ckr D;k gS rks mlesa czsfdax U;wt
dh gM+cM+h ds vykok ;g ckr t:j vk,xh fd bUgsa i<+us okyksa esa
efgyk,a gh T;knk gSaA
nwjn'kZu dh ik"kk.k;qxhu Hkkouk'kwU; psgjk fy, ,adj 90
dk n'kd ikj djrs&djrs ,dne eq[kj gks mBhA oks tSls vfrjsd
mRlkg ls Hkj mBhA dyQnkj lkM+h igudj ,d Hkkjrh; ukjh dh
tks Nfo nwjn'kZu us x<+h Fkh] oks mlls Hkh pkcqd dh xfr ls ckgj
fudy vkbZA vc tks Nfo cuh] oks pqLrh] QqrhZ vkSj eLrh dh FkhA
lcls igys rks lkM+h njfdukj dj nh xbZA dqNsd pqfuank ,adjksa dks
NksM+ nsa rks futh pSuyksa esa lkM+h vc chrs le; dh ckr gks xbZ
yxrh gSA ;s ,adj yky xqykc vkSj cukjlh lkM+h ls cgqr vkxs
fudy pqdh gSaA ;s VsyhizkaIVj jfgr gSa vkSj lh/ks tehu ij [kM+h gSaA
,d cnyko vkRefo'okl dks ysdj vk;k gSA ;s efgyk,a
Hkjiwj vkRefo'okl ds lkFk lkeus vkrh gSaA LØhu ij ;s iwjs
fu;a=k.k esa fn[krh gSa vkSj ,d l/ks gq, okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k djrh
pyrh gSaA ;g flQZ lqcg dh jks'kuh vkSj jkr ds <yus rd gh ugha
fn[krhaA ;g iwjs pkSchlksa ?kaVs fn[krh gSaA blls ,d lh/kk lans'k ;g
Hkh tkrk gS fd efgykvksa ds bl ;qx ls Mj dh daidih vc ?kVh gSA
cjlksa igys ftu efgykvksa dks uktqd&uje djkj djrs
gq, mUgsa lhfer vof/k;ksa esa ckaV dj mu ij tks dVk{k fd, tkrs
Fks] os vc fleVs gSa D;ksafd efgykvksa pkSchlksa ?kaVs eqLrSn gSaA os [kcj
dh Hkk"kk le>rh gSa vkSj mldh xaHkhjrk HkhA os [kku&iku ;k lkSan;Z
ds Qhpj dh ifjikVh ls ckgj vkdj lh/ks ;q) ds eSnku rd igqap
tkus esa l{ke gks xbZ gSA vc mlds ikl gS <sj lkjh fgEerA
ysfdu ftl ek/;e ls L=kh foe'kZ dh xwat dks l'kä
cuk;k tk ldrk Fkk] ogka dbZ ckj lhyu Hkh fn[kus yxrh gSA
vly esa Vhoh U;wt esa efgykvksa dh izR;{k ekStwnxh efgyk
l'kfädj.k dh ygj dks ,d u;k tkek iguk ldrh Fkh ij
cnyko bruh rsth ls fd, x, vkSj O;kolkf;drk bl dnj gkoh
gqbZ fd bu dqN lkyksa us efgyk ,adjksa ds psgjs ls ysdj igukos vkSj
psgjs ds Hkkoksa dks Hkh dkQh gn rd cny dj j[k fn;kA lkFk gh
cny fn, mlds vFkZ HkhA
ysfdu dqN ckrsa vc Hkh le> esa ugha vkrhaA D;ksa futh
pSuyksa dh U;wt ,adj vc Hkh vDlj eksVs esdvi ds uhps nch
fn[krh gSa] D;ksa ;g eku fy;k x;k gS fd n'kZd mUgsa if'peh
ifj/kku esa ns[k dj gh [kq'kh eglwl djsxk vkSj D;ksa U;wt ,adfjax
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tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
dks dkQh gn rd ;qofr;ksa rd gh lhfer dj ds j[k fn;k x;k gSA
chchlh vkSj lh,u,u ls lcd ysus esa 'kk;n gesa vHkh dbZ lky
yxsaxsA
,d ckr vkSj] Vhoh dh efgyk ,adj dks vc Hkh
ltk&/ktk fn[kk;k tkuk vxj etcwjh gS rks oSlh xgu etcwjh
iq:"k ,adj ds lkFk D;ksa ughaA efgyk ,adj dks p'ek igus fn[kkuk
Hkh vc rd T;knk ikpu ;ksX; gks ugha ldk gSA
blds vykok vDlj ,slk gksrk gS fd pquko ;k fQj
fdlh cM+h vkink ds vkrs gh efgyk,a LØhu ls rdjhcu ckgj gks
tkrh gSaA 2008 esa 5 jkT;ksa ds fo/kkulHkk pquko ds urhtksa ds le;
;g ckr lkQ rkSj ij fn[kkbZ nhA os vxj ml le; ijns ls ckgj
f[kldk nh xbZa rks D;k blfy, ugha fd ckdh lekt dh rjg Vhoh
esa Hkh dgha u dgha og iq#"kenka/k n`f"V lfØ; gS tks L=kh dks vius
cjkcj ugha ekurh\ ;g blfy, rdyhQnsg gS fd Vhoh pSuyksa us
efgyk i=kdkfjrk dk iqjkuk pkS[kVk dkQh dqN cnyk gSA ge pkgsa
rks ;kn dj ldrs gSa fd fizaV ehfM;k esa vjls rd efgykvksa dh
i=kdkfjrk Qhpj i`"Bksa] dyk&leh{kkvksa] jlksbZ ds jktksa vkSj
efgykvksa ls tqM+s eqíksa rd fleVh jghA jktuhfr dh nq:g ;k
[kkstijd fjiksfVaZx dh rdyhQnsg ;k=kk,a tSls iq#"kksa dk
fo'ks"kkf/kdkj jghaA lh/kk eryc ;gh gS fd dfFkr rkSj ij eqf'dy
;k fnekxh ekustkusokyh chV esa efgyk ds fy, [kqn dks fVdk ikuk
vc Hkh cgqr vklku ugha gks ik;k gSA
,d ckr vkSj pqHkrh gSA izfr;ksfxrk dk ncko vkSj [kqn
dks fdlh Hkh rjg ls lkfcr djus dk fnekxh vkns'k bl dnj gkoh
jgk gS fd U;wt ehfM;k dh efgyk vDlj vius lkaps esa fn[krh gh
ughaA og tSls [kqn dks gh [kksrh gqbZ pyh tk jgh gSA ;g le; iRFkj
gksrh ,adj dk le; curk yxrk gSA ehfM;k esa vkSjr dh ekStwnxh
laosnu'khyrk dk u;k dks'k jp ldrh Fkh ij gqvk dqN ;wa fd ;gka
Hkh efgyk fdlh ladksp ;k ghu Hkkouk ds pyrs iq#"k&ljh[kh
fn[kus vkSj O;ogkj djus dh dksf'k'k djus yxhA ehfM;k esa efgyk
dk gksuk csgn lq[kn fLFkfr gS ij T;knk lq[kn fLFkfr rc gksxh tc
ehfM;k ds vanj vkSj ckgj& nksuksa gh txgksa ij efgyk ds vanj dh
efgyk Hkh dk;e jgsA
U;wt jhMj ,d czkaM cukus dk dke djrh gSaA n'kZd]
[kcj vkSj pSuy ds chp ds bl iqy ds lkFk vizR;{k rkSj ls
tulaidZ vkSj ekdsZfVax ds rkj Hkh tqM+s jgrs gSaA Vhoh ij fn[krh bu
reke Nfo;ksa ds chp ,adj dk fpjifjfpr gksrk tkuk Vhoh U;wt ds
O;kikj esa ÅtkZ Hkh Hkjrk gSA blds vykok blds lkFk
fo'oluh;rk dk cM+k dkjd Hkh tqM+rk gS tks [kcj dks ijkslus esa
cgqr dkjxj lkfcr gksrk gSA ;gh otg gS fd LVksjh crkrs U;wt
pSuy esa LVksjh crkus okys dk vyx fn[kuk t:jh curk gSA
ysfdu vDlj ;g x<+h xbZ Nfo;ka dqN vkSj lans'k Hkh nsus
yxs gSa tks lqikP; ugha gksrsA ,sls esa t:jh gks tkrk gS fd ehfM;k dks
ysdj 'kks/k dh tehu dks rS;kj fd;k tk,A tks ehfM;k vc lÙkk
dh fn'kk vkSj mldh tUedqaMyh r; djrk gS] ml ehfM;k ds vanj
larqyu cuk, j[kus ds fy, Hkh ;g t:jh gSA ns'k dh laln esa
larqyu gks ik, ;k u gks ik, ysfdu ltx izgjh dk dke djrk
ehfM;k vxj pkgsxk rks ,slk gksxk t:jA
;g ,d felky yksdar=k ds ckdh rhu LraHkksa ds fy, Hkh
ehy dk ,d iRFkj gksxhA vk/kh vkcknh dks flQZ lkSan;Z ;k
ikfjokfjd t:jrksa dh fdrkc eku dj mlds lkjs iUus vius
fglkc ls Hkj nsuk tk;t ugha gksxkA L=kh ds vius lp dk lalkj
vc Hkh ehfM;k esa xqe gSA og ;k rks xqfM+;k cuk nh tkrh gS ;k fQj
,d xqYyd ftlesa Vhvkjih ds flDds Hkjrs jgsaA
vkSjr lQyrk dh dbZ ixMafM;ksa ij py pqdh gSA
bartkj ,d iDdh lM+d dk gS tgka mlds fy, loky de gksa vkSj
dke dk vkdyu flQZ dke ds cSjksehVj ls gh gksA viuh {kerk
dks og cgqr igys lkfcr dj pqdh gSA vc bartkj ,d LFkk;h
tehu ds cuk, tkus dk gSA
8
lanHkZ
1.
2.NCERB 20063. http://www.indiatogether.org/2010/mar/ajo-gendrep.htm
5.http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19860410&id=bZAyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MegDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5067,59544856. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/23/fox-news-makeup-women-anchors_n_1824659.html
4- tu ehfM;k] ebZ 2012
7- Vsyhfotu vkSj Økbe fjiksfVZax] ofrZdk uank] jktdey izdk'ku] 2010
8- dgk¡ pyh xbZa efgyk,¡] fiz;n'kZu] tulÙkk] 15 fnlacj] 2008
ysf[kdk ehfM;k vkSj lkfgR; ij vius dke ds fy, Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr Jh
iz.ko eq[kthZ ls L=kh&'kfä iqjLdkj ls lEekfurA bl le; fnYyh
fo'ofo|ky; ds ysMh Jh jke dkWyst esa i=kdkfjrk foHkkx dh v/;{k gSa
bZ esy– [email protected]
Studying Media: Problems of Theory and Method John
Corner,
,
Edinburgh University Press, 1998
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foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
vkoj.k dFkk-3fouhr mRiy
l tqykbZ dks 1993 eqacbZ /kekdksa ds nks"kh ;kdwc esuu dks
,d vksj tgka Qkalh nh tk jgh Fkh] ogha baVjusV dh nqfu;k
esa mlls baVjO;w ysus okyh efgyk i=kdkj dh ppkZ Hkh gks jgh FkhA
og baVjO;w Hkh dksbZ fyf[kr QkeZ esa ugha cfYd ohfM;ks baVjO;w Fkk
vkSj ;g baVjO;w djus okyh dksbZ vkSj ugha cfYd e/kq =ksgu FkhA
^U;wt VSªd* dh laLFkkid e/kq =ksgu dh ul&ul esa i=kdkfjrk nkSM+rh
gSA 1968 esa yanu ls tuZfyfLVd QksVksxzkQh dkslZ vkSj dksyafc;k ls
i=kdkfjrk esa ekLVj fMxzh djus okyh e/kq =ksgu us 1975 esa vius
firk oh-oh- iqjh ds lkFk bafM;k VqMs dh LFkkiuk dhA dqN fnuksa rd
vius firk ds lkFk dke djus ds ckn vius ifr vkSj tkus&ekus
ltZu ujs'k =ksgu ds lkFk fons'k pyh xbZA ckn esa Hkkjr ykSVus ij
mUgksaus igyh ohfM;ks U;wt eSxthu ^U;wt VªSd* dh LFkkiuk dhA
uCcs feuV dh bl ohfM;ks eSxthu esa crkSj ,adj e/kq =ksgu us dbZ
ukeh&fxjkeh 'k[l ds baVjO;w fy, gSaA ;g ckuxh flQZ e/kq =ksgu
dh ugha gS]cfYd gj ekspsZ ij Hkkjr dh efgyk i=kdkj reke
ijs'kkfu;ka >syus ds ckn Hkh vius ekspsZ ij dk;e jgh gSa vkSj iq#"kksa
ls da/ks&ls&da/ks feykdj py jgh gSaA dbZ ckj tgka mu ij
lkekftd ncko gksrk gS] ogha n¶rjksa esa 'kks"k.k dh f'kdkj Hkh jgh
gSaA ckotwn blds jktuhfr] vkfFkZd ekeyksa ls ysdj Qhpj [kcjksa
ds fy, os iwjh rjg mUeqä mM+ku Hkjrh jgh gSaA fganh fizaV
i=kdkfjrk esa ,d ckr tks vjls ls eglwl dh tkrh jgh gSa fd
efgyk i=kdkj flQZ Qhpj fy[kus esa lhfer gSa] ;g Hkze fiNys dqN
o"kksaZ esa nwj gqvk gSA v[kckjksa esa MsLd ij dke djus okyh efgyk
i=kdkj tgka nsj jkr ;gka rd fd vk/kh jkr ds ckn Hkh iq#"kksa ds
lkFk dke dj jgh gSa] ogha [kksth i=kdkfjrk ls tqM+h efgyk i=kdkj
vius ne ij 30&32 fdyksehVj dk lQj taxy esa lQj djus dk
ekík j[krh gSa vkSj fiz;adk nqcs bldk mnkgj.k gSaA
ubZ ih<+h dks 'kk;n gh ;g tkudkjh gks fd [kksth efgyk
i=kdkjksa dh lwph esa cj[kk nÙk dh eka izHkk nÙk us vius nkSj esa dbZ
luluh [kst LVksjh dh Fkh vkSj ;q){ks=k ls fjiksfVaZx dj [;kfr ikbZ
FkhA ogha mudh nksuksa csfV;ka cj[kk nÙk vkSj cgkj nÙk Hkh
i=kdkfjrk esa gh gSaA cj[kk nÙk ds uke Hkh yhd ls gVdj dbZ dk;Z
ntZ gSaA elyu xqtjkr naxs] dkjfxy ;q) ds le; j.k{ks=k ls lh/ks
fjiksfVaZx] eqacbZ vkradoknh geys dh fjiksfVaZx mudh mYys[kuh;
dk;ksaZ esa 'kkfey gSaA ogha] jktho xka/kh ljdkj dh dcz [kksnus okys
cksQkslZ ?kksVkys ekeys dk inkZQk'k ,d efgyk i=kdkj fp=kk
lqcze.;e us gh fd;k FkkA orZeku esa vkWuykbu U;wt osclkbV
pykus okyh fp=kk ml oä ^n fganw* esa dke dj jgh Fkha vkSj mUgsa
cksQkslZ ekeys esa rhu lkS istksa dk nLrkost gkfly gqvk FkkA ogha]
vrhr gS lq[kn
rh
lrr la?k"kZ ls ikbZ lQyrkfczVsu esa vkradh geyksa dks ysdj ,uMhVhoh dh fuf/k jktnku dh fjiksZfVax D;k dksbZ Hkwy
ldrk gS\ ogha] lkxfjdk ?kks"k vius dfj;j ds 'kq#vkrh nkSj esa bafM;u ,Dlizsl vkSj
VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k ls tqM+h jgha Fkh vkSj og igyh efgyk gSa ftUgksaus chchlh ds yksdfiz;
'kks ^Dos'pu Vkbe bafM;k* dh ,adfjax dhA
e/kq =ksgu
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e`.kky ikaMs] ufyfu flag] royhu flag] ef.kekyk] bjk >k] vUuw
vkuan] fuf/k dqyifr] Hkk"kk flag] vuqjk/kk izlkn] vydk lDlsuk]
uhye 'kekZ]vatw iadt] _pk vfu#)] uxek lgj] 'osrk flag]
vatuk vkse d';i] xhrkJh] ofrZdk uank ,sls uke gSa] tks efgyk
i=kdkjksa dh fyLV esa ,d eqdke gkfly fd, gq, gSaA fel bafM;k
thr pqdha feuh esuu us fQYe vkSj QS'ku dh pdkpkSa/k okyh
nqfu;k dks NksM+ la?k"kZ dk jkLrk pqukA mUgksaus i=kdkfjrk dks viuk
dfj;j cuk;k vkSj VhohvkbZ ls vius dfj;j dh 'kq#vkr dhA
blds ckn LVkj Vhoh usVodZ ds lkFk dke fd;kA mUgksaus dbZ
izksxzke dks Hkh gksLV fd;k gSA
ogha e;arh ykaxj LiksV~lZ i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa ,d
tkuk&igpkuk psgjk gS vkSj 2012 QhQk oYMZ di vkSj 2010
dkWeuosYFk xsEl dh ,adfjax dj mUgksaus viuh vyx igpku cukbZ
gSA mUgksaus th LiksV~lZ pSuy ds lkFk dbZ ,slh LVksjh Hkh dh gS] ftls
dkQh ljkgk x;k gSA D;k ikfdLrku vf/kd`r d'ehj] bZjku
ekeyksa ds vykok fczVsu esa vkradh geyksa dks ysdj ,uMhVhoh dh
fuf/k jktnku dh fjiksZfVax dk dksbZ Hkwy ldrk gS\ ogha] lkxfjdk
?kks"k vius dfj;j ds 'kq#vkrh nkSj esa bafM;u ,Dlizsl vkSj VkbEl
vkWQ bafM;k ls tqM+h jgha Fkh vkSj og igyh efgyk gSa ftUgksaus
chchlh ds yksdfiz; ^'kks Dos'pu Vkbe bafM;k* dh ,adfjax dhA
vkt ds nkSj esa [kksth efgyk i=kdkjksa esa fiz;adk nqcs ,d
fof'k"V uke gS vkSj mUgsa bys bafM;k if=kdk us 2014 esa vius
okf"kZdh esa ns'k ds ;qok [kksth efgyk i=kdkjksa esa 'kkfey fd;k FkkA
mUgksaus rgydk fganh if=kdk ds fy, VªSfQfdax vkSj Økbe ls tqM+h
[kcj dh Fkh vkSj blds fy, mUgsa varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij iqjLd`r
fd;k x;kA mUgsa ykMyh ehfM;k vokWMZ ds vykok izsl dkmafly
vkWQ bafM;k us [kksth i=kdkfjrk ds fy, jktk jke eksgu Js.kh dk
vokWMZ fn;k x;k gSA gkykafd rgydk if=kdk ds uke vkSj Hkh dbZ
ns'kh&fons'kh vokWMZ 'kkfey jgs gSaA vkt ls djhc ,d n'kd igys
dbZ v[kckjksa ds Qhpj istksa esa dbZ 'kks/kijd vkSj [kksth [kcjsa Hkh
izdkf'kr gqbZ Fkha vkSj blesa ls ^nSfud fganqLrku* ds fnYyh laLdj.k
;qokvksa ds gSa gkSlys cqyan
cj[kk nÙk
fiz;adk nqcs
42
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
esa xqM+xkao ds ekWy dYpj dh [kksth jiV dbZ ekeyksa esa vyx FkhA
bl [kksth jiV dk fy[kus okyh oanuk oekZ uked i=kdkj Fkha] tks
fQygky ,uMhVhoh MkWV dkWe esa dk;Zjr gSaA jkeukFk xks;udk
,Dlhysal vokWMZ ls lEekfur 'kksek pkS/kjh ^rgydk* tSlh if=kdk
dh eSusftax ,fMVj jg pqdh gSa vkSj mUgsa lksuh lksjh ij vk/kkfjr
[kcj dks ysdj eqacbZ izsl Dyc vokWMZ ls lEekfur Hkh fd;k x;kA
bruk gh ugha] Lokfr vtqZu] iwtk izlkn] ;ksfxrk ;kno] dksfedk
Hkkj}kt] uferk tks'kh] eatjh prqosZnh ,sls uke gSa] tks vkt Hkh vkl
ca/kkrs gSa fd efgyk i=kdkjksa esa dkQh tks'k gSA bruk gh ugha] jtuh
c['kh] ts HkkX;y{eh] 'khjhu Hkku] nso;kuh pkScy] ve`rk pkS/kjh]
ve`rk phek] 'kSyh pksiM+k] lqus=kk pkS/kjh] fo'kk[kk nÙk] eatjh
tks'kh] jatuk dkS'ky] lhek eqLrQk] dqlqe uS;j vkfn us Hkh
i=kdkfjrk ds u, vk;ke x<+s gSaA gkykafd bl ekeys esa ÝaVykbu
dh Vh-ds- jkty{eh] oh,uvkkbZ dh 'kksHkuk tSu] chchlh dh jfoanj
ckok] vUuiw.kkZ >k] vfnfr diwj] vafcdk iafMr] vferh lsu]
v#.kk flag] bfI'krk cuthZ] deythr dkSj la/kq] izhfr izdk'k]
izhriky dkSj] jatuk lDlsuk vkfn us efgyk i=kdkfjrk dk u;k
bfrgkl jpk gSA ogha ^[kcj ygfj;k* efgyk,a feydj fudky jgh
gSaA nSfud tkxj.k dh fuf/k flag] vijkftrk] fganqLrku dh _rq ds
vykok izHkkr [kcj dh n{kk] nSfud HkkLdj dh :ch tSlh ;qok
i=kdkjksa esa i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; Nqik gSA
rhu o"kZ igys vfuy pefM+;k ds funsZ'ku esa ehfM;k
LVMht xzqi us ns'k ds 250 ls T;knk ftyksa esa LFkkuh; i=kdkjksa esa
efgykvksa dh rknkn dh tkudkjh gkfly dh FkhA v/;;u esa ik;k
x;k fd efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh flQZ 2-7 izfr'kr FkhA muesa Hkh
eq[;/kkjk ds lekpkj i=kksa vkSj pSuyksa esa rknkn csgn de FkhA buesa
Ng jkT;ksa vkSj nks dsanz 'kkflr izns'k ,sls gSa tgka ftyk Lrj ij
efgykvksa dh la[;k ux.; gSA bu jkT;ksa esa vle] >kj[kaM]
ukxkySaM] v#.kkpy izns'k] vksfM'kk vkSj ef.kiqj 'kkfey gSa vkSj dsanz
'kkflr jkT;ksa esa iqMqpsjh vkSj neu o nho 'kkfey gSaA ogha] vka/kz
izns'k esa ftyk Lrj ij dk;Zjr efgyk i=kdkjksa vkSj laikndksa dh
la[;k lcls vf/kd 107 gSA ;g lwph ns'k esa lcls mij gSA
xkSjryc gS fd ;g losZ lwpuk ds vf/kdkj ds rgr izkIr lwpukvksa
ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k FkkA ;g ckr vyx gS fd orZeku esa ns'k
ds reke 'kSf{kd laLFkkuksa esa ehfM;k dkslksaZ esa v/;;u djus okys
fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k c<+ jgh gSA tqykbZ 1979 esa
fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx ds lg;ksx ls izsl baLVhVîwV us ,d
v/;;u esa ik;k fd enzkl vkSj gfj;k.kk ds jksgrd esa i=kdkfjrk
dkslZ djus okys Nk=kksa esa vk/kh ls T;knk la[;k yM+fd;ksa dh FkhA
paMhx<+ esa vk/kh la[;k Hkh mudh gh FkhA bl ekeys esa ek[kuyky
prqosZnh jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk vkSj lapkj fo'ofo|ky;] Hkksiky ds
dqyifr izksQslj c`t fd'kksj dqfB;kyk dgrs gSa fd vkt ds nkSj esa
yM+fd;ka T;knk vk jgh gSa vkSj yM+ds de vk jgs gSa] ,slk ugha gSA
yM+fd;ka T;knk lQy gks jgh gSaA fiNys nl o"kksaZ esa tgka dHkh nksuksa
dk vuqikr yM+ds vkSj yM+fd;ksa dk vuqikr 80 vkSj 20 dk Fkk]
ogha ;g vkadM+k 40 vkSj 60 dk gks x;k gSA lkFk gh fizaV i=kdkfjrk
ds fy, fo|kFkhZ dkQh de vk jgs gSaA bl vksj #>ku de gqvk gSA
izks- dqfB;kyk ds vuqlkj] ,d oä Fkk tc gj cPpk ;g lksprk Fkk
gkykr vHkh Hkh lgh ugha
f'kjhu Hkku
fuf/k jktnku
foe'kZehfM;k
43
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
fd og dSejs ds lkeus vk,
vkSj mldk psgjk Vhoh ij
fn[ks ysfdu vc ,slk ugha
gSA vc cPpksa dks irk gS fd
dSejs ds lkeus ,d dke gS
vkSj blds ihNs nwljk dkeA
orZeku esa yM+ds de ugha
vk jgs cfYd yM+fd;ka
T;knk vk jgh gS aA
euksfoKku dk 'kks/k dgrk
gS fd yM+fd;ks a e s a
jpukRedrk dk iqV vf/kd
gksrk gSA
fg an q Lr ku dh
ofj"B i=kdkj jkoh f}osnh us
vius dfj;j dh 'kq#vkr nSfud tkxj.k dkuiqj ls dh FkhA pwafd
mudk ljksdkj i=kdkjksa ds ifjokj ls Fkk] ,sls esa tkfgj gS fd mUgsa
irk Fkk fd i=kdkj n¶rj dk ekgkSy dSlk gksrk gSA gkykafd jkr dh
ikfy;ksa esa dke djus ds fy, mUgsa fyf[kr rkSj ij laiknd dks i=k
fy[kdj nsuk iM+k fd og jkr dh ikfy;ksa esa dke djsaxhA gkykafd
bl ekeys dks dkQh xaHkhjrk ls fy;k x;k vkSj mu ij ncko Mkyk
x;kA ysfdu jkoh vius edln esa dke;kc jgha vkSj 1998 ls
yxkrkj jkr dh ikfy;ksa esa dke dj jgh gSaA fganqLrku v[kckj ds
jk"Vªh; laLdj.k ds fnYyh n¶rj esa gkykafd muds lkFk dbZ efgyk
lg;ksxh vc dke djrh gSaA bl ekeys esa fganqLrku izca/ku Hkh
efgyk deZpkfj;ksa dh fnDdrksa dks le>rk gS vkSj izca/ku us efgyk
i=kdkjksa dks gj rjg dh leL;k ls cpkus ds fy, efgyk foax Hkh
cuk j[kk gSA gkykafd lHkh laLFkkuksa esa ,slh ckr ugha gSA i=kdkfjrk
gYds esa ,d dgkuh djhc nks&rhu o"kZ igys lquh xbZ Fkh fd tc
,d jk"Vªh; laLFkku ds uks,Mk dk;kZy; esa ,d ;qok efgyk fjiksVZj
us C;wjh phQ ds }kjk ;kSu 'kks"k.k fd, tkus dk vkjksi yxk;k rks
igys rks C;wjks phQ dks tcjnLrh Nqêh ij Hkstk x;k vkSj efgyk
i=kdkj ij vkjksi okil ysus dk ncko Mkyk x;kA gkykafd ckn esa
laLFkku us cnukeh ds Mj ls ml C;wjks phQ dh iwjh rjg Nqêh dj nh
vkSj ckn esa ml ;qok i=kdkj dks Hkh ckgj dk jkLrk fn[kk;k x;kA
efgyk i=kdkjksa dh fLFkfr vkSj fjiksfVaZx esa gksus okys ijs'kkuh dks
ysdj ,uMhVhoh dh i=kdkj oanuk oekZ xqM+xkao dh fjiksVZ dks ysdj
crkrh gSa fd ml le; xqM+xkao fLFkr lgkjk ekWy esa nsj jkr
yM+fd;ksa ds vkRegR;k dh dbZ ?kVuk,a ?kV pqdh FkhaA eq>s dk;kZy;
dh vksj ls dksbZ lqj{kk eqgS;k ugha djkbZ xbZ FkhA eSa vius
QksVksxzkQj lkFkh vatfy flUgk vkSj fo'kky Bkdqj ds lkFk jkr ds
Ms<+ cts ogka dh fjiksfVaZx ds fy, xbZ FkhA ogka igqapus ij gekjs ihNs
nks xqaMs Hkh yx x, Fks vkSj ckn esa cM+h eqf'dy ls nksuksa ls ihNk
NqM+k;k FkkA ysfdu gesa dqN djuk Fkk] blfy, geus bldh fjiksfVaZx
dh FkhA oanuk crkrh gSa fd vHkh Hkh fjiksfVaZx ds fy, efgyk
i=kdkjksa dks fjLd ysuk iM+rk gS vkSj fnYyh ds [kjkc ekgkSy ds
dkj.k muds ifjokj ds yksxksa ds vykok laLFkku dk fpafrr gksuk
ykfteh gSA cgjgky] ns'k dh efgyk i=kdkjksa dk vrhr vkSj
orZeku lqugjk gSA fiNys dbZ n'kdksa ls f?kjh mudh leL;k,a
/khjs&/khjs [kRe gks jgh gSaA dkWjiksjsV dYpj us iq#"k vkSj efgyk ds
chp dh [kkbZ dkQh de dh gSA dkWjiksjsV vc laikndh; ij gkoh
gks jgk gS vkSj laiknd izca/ku ds lkFk dne&rky feykdj dke dj
jgs gSa vkSj tkfgj lh ckr gS fd i=kdkjksa ds tgka osru c<+s gSa] ogha
efgyk i=kdkjksa dh lqj{kk dks ysdj Hkh reke rjg ds mik; ykxw
fd, tk jgs gSaA
dkQh gS la?k"kZ
ys[kd nSfud fganqLrku ds fnYyh laLdj.k esa eq[; milaiknd gSaA
eksckby ua- 09911364316
'kksek pkS/kjh
44
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
js lkeus ,d jk"Vªh; lkIrkfgd dk 18
fnlacj] 2013 dk vad gSA ftldh
vkoj.k dFkk ,d lsDl losZ ij vk/kkfjr gS vkSj
mldk 'kh"kZd gS& ^efgykvksa dk eu ekaxs eksj*A
,d eq[;/kkjk dh lekpkj if=kdk esa izdkf'kr
;g vkoj.k dFkk crkrh gS fd vkf[kj L=kh dh
rjQ ns[kus dh ehfM;k dh n`f"V D;k gSA vkSjr
dh nsg bl le; ehfM;k dk lcls yksdfiz;
foe'kZ gSA lsDl vkSj ehfM;k ds leUo; ls tks
vFkZ'kkL=k curk gS] mlus lkjs ewY;ksa dks
'kh"kkZlu djok fn;k gSA fQYeksa] baVjusV]
eksckby] Vhoh pSuyksa ls vkxs vc og eqfnzr
ek/;eksa ij iljk iM+k gSA ehfM;k us mnkjhdj.k ds ckn cktkj esa
,dne ubZ vkSjr mrkj nh gS] tks vkRefo'okl ls Hkjh gS vkSj reke
oftZr {ks=kksa esa viuh ekStwnxh ntZ djkus ds fy, mRlqd gSA bl
lcds chp ehfM;k dh dqN ldkjkRed Hkwfedk Hkh gS tks js[kkafdr
dh tkuh pkfg,A vkSjr dh ,d ubZ igpku cukus vkSj LFkkfir
djus esa mlus ,d cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA lkSan;Z ,oa vkd"kZ.k ls
brj ,d egRokdka{kh vkSj deZB Nfo cukus esa enn dh gSA efgyk
vf/kdkj vkSj Lora=krk ds lkFk&lkFk ifjokj ds vanj og ,d
fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk esa utj vk jgh gSA efgyk m|ferk ds lkFk&lkFk
lekt esa efgykvksa ds la?k"kZ dks Hkh ehfM;k us Loj fn;k gSA fdarq
dqN ldkjkRed i{kksa ds lkFk mldk efgyk dks ,d lsDl vkCtsDV
ds :i esa is'k djus dk joS;k lcls [krjukd gS] tks mlds lHkh
iq.;deksaZ ij ikuh Qsj nsrk gSA
fizaV ehfM;k tks igys vius nSfgd foe'kksaZ ds fy, ^Iysck;*
;k ^Mscksfu;j* rd lhfer Fkk vc nSfud v[kckjksa ls ysdj gj
i=k&if=kdk esa viuh txg cuk pqdk gSA v[kckjksa esa XySej oYMZ ds
dkWye gh ugha [kcjksa ds i`"Bksa ij Hkh yxHkx fuoZlu fo"kdU;kvksa
dk dSVokx [kklh txg ?ksjk jgk gSA og iwjk gYykcksy 24 ?kaVs ds
pSuyksa ds dksykgy vkSj lqcg ds v[kckjksa ds ek/;e ls nSfud
gksdj ftanxh esa ,d [kkl txg cuk pqdk gSA 'kk;n blhfy,
baVjusV ds ek/;e ls pyus okyk Xykscy lsDl cktkj djhc 60
vjc MkWyj rd tk igqapk gSA eksckby ds u, iz;ksxksa us bl
dkjksckj dks 'kfä nh gSA ,d vkadM+s ds eqrkfcd eksckby ij
v'yhyrk dk dkjksckj Hkh ikap lkyksa esa 5 vjc MkWyj rd tk
igqapsxkA bl iwjs okrkoj.k dks bysDVªkfud Vhoh pSuyksa us vk¡/kh esa
cny fn;k gSA fizaV ehfM;k vc blls gksM+ ys jgk gSA baVjusV us lgh
:i esa vius O;kid ykHkksa ds ckotwn lcls T;knk Qk;nk lsDl
dkjksckj dks igq¡pk;kA iwath dh rkdrsa lsDlq,fyVh dks ikjn'khZ
cukus esa tqVh gSA ehfM;k blesa mudk lg;ksxh cuk gS] v'yhyrk
vkSj lsDl ds dkjksckj dks ehfM;k fdl rjg Xykscy cuk jgk gS
nSfgd foe'kksaZ dk okgd%
es
;gka fn[k jgk gS fdl L=kh dk psgjk
vLlh ds n'kd esa nqiês dks ijpe dh rjg ygjkrh ih<+h vk;h] fQj uCcs dk n'kd fcduh
dk vk;k vkSj vc lkjh gnsa ikj dj pqdh gekjh fQYeksa rFkk ehfM;k ,d ,sls nsg jkx esa
Mwcs gSa tgka lsDl ,drjQk foe'kZ vkSj fofue; ij vkeknk gSA mlds dsanz esa Hkkjrh; L=kh
gS vkSj mís'; mldh 'kqfprk dk migj.kA
vkoj.k dFkk-4lat; f}osnh
foe'kZehfM;k
45
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
bldk mnkgj.k fo'o di QqVcky esa ns[kus dks feykA ehfM;k
fjiksVZ ls gh gesa irk pyk fd teZuh ds reke os';ky; blds fy,
rS;kj Fks vkSj nqfu;k Hkj ls os';k,a ogk¡ igqaphaA dqN foKkiu fo'o
di ds bl iwjs mRlkg dks bl rjg O;ä djrs Fks ^eSp ds fy, ugha]
ekSt ds fy, vkb,*A tkfgj gS ehfM;k us gj ekeys dks Xykscy cuk
fn;k gSA gekjs ^xksiu foe'kksaZ* dks ^vksiu* djus esa ehfM;k dk ,d
[kkl jksy gSA 'kk;n blhfy, ehfM;k ds da/kksa ij lokj ;g lsDl
dkjksckj rsth ls Xykscy gks jgk gSA egkuxjksa esa yksxksa dh lsDl
gSfcV~l dks ysdj Hkh eqfnzr ek/;eksa esa losZ{k.k Nkius dh gksM+ gSA os
Nkirs gSa 80 izfr'kr efgyk,a 'kknh ds iwoZ lsDl ds fy, lger gSaA
njvly ;g Nkik x;k lcls cM+k >wB gSaA ;s i=k&if=kdkvksa ds
O;kikj vkSj iwath xkaBus dk ,d ukikd xBtksM+ vkSj ra=k gSA
lsDl dks ckj&ckj doj LVksjh dk fo"k; cukdj ;s mls
jkstejkZ dh pht cuk nsuk pkgrs gSaA bl "kM~;a=k esa 'kkfey ehfM;k
cktkj dh ck/kk,a gVk jgk gSA fQYeksa dh tks xanxh dgh tkrh Fkh
og 'kk;n mruk uqdlku u dj ik, tSlk /keky bu fnuksa eqfnzr
ek/;e epk jgs gSaA dkeksÙkstd okrkoj.k dks cukus vkSj cspus dh
;g gksM+ de gksrh ugha fn[krhA ehfM;k dk gj ek/;e ,d&nwljs ls
vkxs fudyus dh gksM+ esa gSA ;g gksM+ gS uaxbZ dhA mldk foe'kZ gS&
nsg ^tgj*] ^eMZj*] ^dfy;qx*] ^xSxLVj*] ^[okfg'k*] ^ftLe*]
^xksfy;ksa dh jklyhyk* tSlh reke fQYeksa us cktkj esa ,d ubZ
fganqLrkuh vkSjr mrkj nh gSA ftls ns[kdj lekt peRd`r gSA diM+s
mrkjus ij vkeknk bl L=kh ds n'kZu ds n'kZu us ehfM;k izca/kdksa ds
vkRefo'okl dks fgykdj j[k fn;k gSA ,M~l dh chekjh us iwath ds
rkdrksa ds y{; la/kku dks vkSj vklku dj fn;k gSA vc loky
fj'rksa dh 'kqfprk dk ugha] fo'okl dk ugha] lkFkh ls oQknkjh dk
ugha& daMkse dk MSA daMkse us vlqjf{kr ;kSu ds [krjs dks ,d ,sls
[krjukd foe'kZ esa cny fn;k gS] tgk¡ O;olkf;drk dh gnsa 'kq: gks
tkrh gSA ofj"B i=kdkj uohu tks'kh dgrs gSa fd& ßvkt Hkh
i=kdkfjrk esa efgykvksa dk izfr'kr Hkys c<+ x;k gks fdarq efgyk
eqíksa ds izfr laosnuk dh cgqr deh gSA vf/kdka'k efgyk,a iq#"k
ekufldrk ls Hkjh gqbZ gSa] vkSj ,slh efgykvksa ds laosnuk dk Lrj
vf/kd tkx:d ugha gSAÞ
vLlh ds n'kd esa nqiês dks ijpe dh rjg ygjkrh ih<+h
vk;h] fQj uCcs dk n'kd fcduh dk vk;k vkSj vc lkjh gnsa ikj
dj pqdh gekjh fQYeksa rFkk ehfM;k ,d ,sls nsg jkx esa Mwcs gSa tgka
lsDl ,drjQk foe'kZ vkSj fofue; ij vkeknk gSA mlds dsanz esa
Hkkjrh; L=kh gS vkSj mís'; mldh 'kqfprk dk migj.kA lsDl
lkaLd`frd fofue; dh igyh lh<+h gSA 'kk;n blhfy, tc dksbZ Hkh
geykoj fdlh Hkh tkrh; vfLerk ij geyk cksyrk gS rks fu'kkus
ij lcls igys mldh vkSjrsa gksrh gSaA ;g cktkjokn vc Hkkjrh;
vfLerk ds vigj.k esa yxk gS& fu'kkuk Hkkjrh; vkSjrsa gSaA Hkkjrh;
L=kh ds lkSan;Z ij fo'o dk vpkud eqX/k gks tkuk] ns'k esa fel
;quholZ] fel oYMZ dh drkj yx tkuk&[krjs dk ladsrd gh FkkA
ge ml "kM+;a=k dks Hkkai ugha ik,A vejhdh cktkj dk ;g
v'oes?k] fnfXot; djrk gqvk gekjh vfLerk dk vigj.k dj ys
x;kA ^,yfQu* dh laiknd js[kk ruohj dgrh gSa fd ßvkt vkSjr
dk XySejl fgLlk cgqr c<+k&p<+kdj izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA---vkSjr
dks vlyh :i esa izLrqr djuk vHkh ckdh gS ftlls mldh igpku
cusAÞ
i=kdkj dqedqe 'kekZ Hkh bl ckr ls ,d lk{kkRdkj esa
lgefr fn[kkrh gSa& os dgrh gSa& ßehfM;k vkt L=kh dh Nfo dks
cgqr fod`r djds ijksl jgk gSA mudh igpku L=kh nsg ds ukrs cu
jgh gSA vkSjrsa yxkrkj le>kSrs dj jgh gSa vkSj vius vkidks
igpku ugha ik jgh gSaAÞ
bfrgkl dh bl ?kM+h esa gekjs ikl lkbcj dSQs gSa] tks
bysDVªkWfud pdyk?kjksa esa cny jgs gSaA gekjs csVs&csfV;ksa ds lkbcj
ÝsaM ls v'yhy ppkZvksa esa e'kxwy gSaA daMkse ds jkLrs xqtj dj
vkrk gqvk izse gSA vc lqanjrk ifj/kkuksa esa ugha ugha mUgsa mrkjus esa
gSA dqN lky igys L=kh dks lcds lkeus Nwrs gkFk dkairs Fks vc mls
pwesa fcuk ckr ugha curhA dSVokd djrs diM+s fxjs gksa] ;k dSejksa esa
ntZ pqacu fØ;k,a] ;s dyad ifCyflVh ds dke vkrs gSaA ykaNu vc
bl nkSj esa miyfC/k;ksa esa cny jgs gSaA ^Hkksxks vkSj eqä gks]* ;gh bl
;qx dk lR; gSA dSls lqanj fn[ksa vkSj dSls ^enZ* dh vka[k dk
vkd"kZ.k cusa ;gh ifgyk i=kdkfjrk dk ewy foe'kZ gSA thou 'kSyh
vc ^ykbQ LVkby* esa cny x;k gSA cktkjokn ds eq[; gfFk;kj
^foKkiu* vc u,&u, :i /kjdj gesa yqHkk jgs gSaA uXurk gh L=kh
Lokra=; dk i;kZ; cu x;h gSA esxk ekYl] Å¡ph Å¡ph bekjrsa]
fMtkbuj diM+ksa ds fo'kky 'kks:e] jkrHkj pyus okyh eknd
ikfVZ;ka vkSj cfYy;ksa mNyrk u'khyk mRlkgA bl iwjs ifjn`'; dks
vius u, lkSan;Zcks/k ls ijkslrk] mxyrk ehfM;k ,d ,slh nqfu;k
jp jgk gS tgk¡ ct jgk gS flQZ nsgjkx] nsgjkx vkSj nsgjkxA bl
lewps ifjn`'; dks ge HkkSapd gksdj ns[k jgs gSaA ysf[kdk vkSj
miU;kldkj t;k tknokuh fy[krh gSa& ßdkSu lh vkSjr [kM+h gS bl
LØhu ij og tks vkbVe xyZ gS] NksVs diM+s igurh gS] cM+s&cM+s ilZ]
cktkj dh ck/kk,a gVk jgk gS ehfM;k%
1
2
3
46
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
gkbZghy ds 'kw igurh gSA ,d&,d yk[k dk eky 'kjhj ij---?kj
cukrh ugha] rksM+rh gS--A oSlS ?kjksa dk tks gky gS] VwV gh tkus
pkfg,A---fL=k;ksa dh ehfM;k esa lkspuh; Hkwfedk ds fy, flQZ
ehfM;k gh ftEesnkj gS D;k\ [kqn L=kh\ bl reke psgjksa esa mldk
vlyh psgjk dkSu lk gS\ dc vk,xh og eq[kkSVksa ds ihNs ls vius
okLrfod :i esa\Þ
bu reke ladVksa ds chp Hkh L=kh vkt ds le; esa og ?kj
vkSj ckgj nksuksa LFkkuksa visf{kr vknj izkIr dj jgh gSA og lekt
dks u, utfj;s ls ns[k jgh gSA mldk vkdyu dj jgh gS vkSj
vius fy, fujarj u, f{kfrt [kksy jgh gSA ,slh lkeZF;'kkyh L=kh
dks f'k[kj Nwus ds volj nsus ds ctk, ge mls cktkj ds tky esa
Qalk jgs gSaA og viuh futrk vkSj lkSan;Zcks/k ds lkFk thus dh
fLFkfr;ka vkSj vknj lekt thou esa izkIr dj lds gesa bldk
iz;kl djuk pkfg,A gekjs
lekt esa fL=k;ksa ds izfr /kkj.kk
fujarj cny jgh gSA og
u,&u, lksikuksa dk Li'kZ dj
jgh gSA ekrk&firk dh lksp
Hkh cny jgh gS os viuh
cfPp;ksa ds csgrj fodkl ds
fy, reke tru dj jgs gSaA
L=kh lgh ek;us esa bl nkSj esa
T;knk 'kfä'kkyh gksdj mHkjh
gSA fdarq cktkj gj txg
f'kdkj ryk'k gh ysrk gSA og
vk Sjr dh 'kfä dk
cktkjhdj.k djuk pkgrk gSA gesa ns[kuk gksxk fd Hkkjrh; L=kh ij
eqX/k cktkj mldh 'kfä rks cus fdarq mldk 'kks"k.k u dj ldsA
vkt esa ehfM;ke; vkSj foKkiuh cktkj esa vkSjr ds fy, gj dne
ij [krjs gSaA iy&iy ij mlds fy, cktkj lts gSaA nsg ds Hkh] :i
ds Hkh] izfrHkk ds Hkh] dyad ds HkhA gn rks ;g fd dyad Hkh
ifCyflVh ds dke vk jgs gSaA D;ksafd ;g le; dg jgk gS fd nkx
vPNs gSaA cktkj blh rjg ls gesa fj>k jgk gS vkSj cksyh yxk jgk gSA
gesa bl le; ls cprs gq, blds csgrj izHkkoksa dks xzg.k djuk gSA
iz[;kr vkykspd fot;cgknqj flag fy[krs gSa fd& ßblesa lansg ugha
fd ehfM;k us L=kh ds fy, laHkkoukvksa ds lSdM+ksa xok{k [kksy fn,
gSaA ;s ftrus :igys vkSj pedhys gSa] mrus gh vkReLe`frewyd
¼;kuh fd vius dks igpkuus dh lqfo/kk iznku djus okys½ vkSj
vkRefu[kkj ds ekSds nsus okys HkhA ge vxj mls flQZ cktkj eku
ysa] rc Hkh ,d ;g xqatkb'k cph gh jgrh gS fd ge ogka ,d
izfrLi/khZ mifLFkfr ds fy, Lok/khurk ds lkFk la?k"kZjr jgsaA xk;u]
u`R;] vfHku;] dyk&dkS'ky dh vU; Hkwfedkvksa esa ehfM;k us L=kh
ds fy, yxHkx ;qxkUrj gh mifLFkr dj fn;k gSAÞ
ehfM;k ds bl mtys i{k dh O;kid mifLFkfr Hkh fn[krh
gSA Vhoh ek/;e ds foLrkj us ;qofr;ksa vkSj efgykvksa dks ,d ubZ
'kfä nh gSA U;wt :e tks fizaV ehfM;k dh 'kkga'kkgh esa iq#"kksa ls Hkjs
Fks] vc Vhoh ehfM;k nkSj esa U;wt :e vkSjrksa dh mifLFkfr ls gh ubZ
igpku vftZr dj jgs gSaA Vhoh ij fn[kus ds vykok mlds ihNs Hkh
fL=k;ksa dh ,d cM+h 'kfä gh dke dj jgh gSA euksjatu txr esa
,drk diwj tSls reke mnkgj.k fn[krs gSa rks U;wt ehfM;k esa
vuqjk/kk izlkn tSlh gfLr;ka Hkh gSa] tks Lo;a dbZ pSuyksa vkSj jsfM;ks
LVs'kuksa dh ekyfdu gSaA ckotwn blds ehfM;k dh rjQ ns[kus dh
n`f"V D;k gS bldk mYys[k djrs gq, fot;cgknqj flag fy[krs gSa fd
ßvkSlr fuEu e/;oxhZ; vkSj dHkh&dHkh e/;oxhZ; fnekx Hkh ;g
lkspk djrk gS fd ehfM;k fL=k;ksa ds fy, ,d lafnX/k vkSj [krjukd
{ks=k gSA ,sls fe=kksa ls ;g dguk t:jh gS f'k{kk vkSj ukSdj'kkgh ds
{ks=k esa ;s viokn igys ls tkjh gSA fQj L=kh vc [kqn igys dh
rqyuk esa vf/kd Lora=krkfiz; vkSj vkRefo'oklh gq;h gSAÞ ogha
iz[;kr ysf[kdk Mk- dey dqekj dk dguk gS fd* ßlsDl dh
mUeqä vfHkO;fä] L=kh 'kjhj ds uXu izn'kZu dh o`f)A baVjusV]
fMftVy VsDukykth] eksckby] dSejk] ohfM;ks ij iksuksZxzkQh dk
leFkZu ij fgalk ugha rks D;k gS \----Hkksx foykl vkSj lq[k lqfo/kk
dks thou dk y{; cuk nsuk] lwpukvksa dks lÙkk cuk nsuk vkSj
4 5
u gks vkSjr dh 'kfä dk cktkjhdj.k%
foe'kZehfM;k
47
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
cktkj dks lekt cuk ysus dk dke ehfM;k dj jgk gSAÞ
blesa nks jk; ugha dh ubZ cktkjoknh O;oLFkk ls izsfjr
ehfM;k us vkSjr dh cksyh yxkuh 'kq: dh gS] mlds Hkko c<+s gSaA
lkSan;Z ds cktkj dne&dne ij lt x, gSa] ysfdu cktkj dk ;g
vkea=k.k] ehfM;k ds vkea=k.k tSlk ugha gSA nksuksa txgksa ij mldh
pqukSfr;ka vyx gSaA lkSan;Z ds cktkj esa L=kh fojks/kh ijaijk,a vkSj
uktqdrk :i cnydj fcd jgh gS] ysfdu ehfM;k ds eap ij L=kh
dk vkea=k.k muds nkf;Rocks/k] usr`Ro{kerk vkSj n{krk dk vkea=k.k
Hkh gSA ftl Hkh uh;r ls gks] ;g vkea=k.k lkFkZd cnyko dh mEehn
txkrk gSA Hkkjrh; L=kh us bl vkea=k.k dks Lohdkjk gS Hkkjrh;
ehfM;k dk psgjk&eksgjk cnydj j[k fn;k gSA ehfM;k esa Hkh vc os
vius f[kykQ gks jgs vR;kpkj ds fo:) Hkh [kM+h gks jgh gSa ¼izlax%
r#.k rstiky½A rc egkekuo xkSre cq) }kjk <kbZ gtkj lky
igys dgh xbZ ;g mfä ds ^L=kh gksuk gh nq%[k gS* 'kk;n vizklafxd
gks tk, vkSj fQj 'kk;n fdlh ikesayk cksfMZl dks ;g dgus dh
t:jr u iM+s fd ^;g lekt vc Hkh feêh&xkjs dh cuh >qXxh esa
jgrk gSA* 1990 ds ckn vkbZ HkweaMyhdj.k vkSj mnkjhdj.k dh
vka/kh us lgh ek;us esa Hkkjrh; lekt dks lc {ks=kksa esa izHkkfor
fd;k gSA ehfM;k esa izos'k dj vkbZ fons'kh iwath us gekjs ehfM;k dks
Hkh izHkkfor fd;kA ftls gekjs le; ds Js"B laiknd izHkk"k tks'kh
dHkh xqLls ;k {kksHk ls vkokjk iwath Hkh dgrs jgsA Hkkjrh; ehfM;k
ds bl loZO;kih vkSj loZxzklh izHkko dh vksj lekt HkkSapd gksdj
ns[k jgk gSA blds O;kid mBk jgs Hkkjrh; ehfM;k esa vkRekykspu
dh izo`fÙk ds ckotwn og lgh vkSj ljksdkjh fodYiksa dh vksj ns[k
ugha ik jgk gSA 'kk;n blhfy, ehfM;k izk/;kid ehrk mTtSu dks
yxrk gS fd ehfM;k esa L=kh dh psgjk gS mlds eqís ughaA vius ys[k
esa os fy[krh gSa& ß90 dk n'kd mnkjhdj.k vkSj HkweaMyhdj.k dh
vka/kh ds chp ,d ubZ pqukSrh ysdj vk;kA tgka cktkj us Hkkjr
vkSj bafM;k dh foHkktu js[kk dks vkSj xgjk dj fn;kA ogha nwljh
vksj efgykvksa dks laHkkoukvksa dk u;k vkdk'k iznku fd;kA ;g
nkSj Fkk Hkkjr ls fo'olqanfj;ka fudyus dk] ftlesa gj {ks=k esa vkSjrsa
viuh nenkj mifLFkfr ntZ djk jgh FkhaA blesa mudk
vkRefo'okl vkSj vkRefuHkZjrk nksuksa c<+rs fn[k jgs FksA---
mnkjhdj.k us tgka efgykvksa ds fy, u, volj fn, ogha muds
'kks"k.k ds jkLrs Hkh [kksy fn,AÞ mnkjhdj.k ds vlj us tgka
ehfM;k esa efgykvksa dh HkkSfrd ekStwnxh dks c<+k fn;k ogha ns[ksa rks
muds 'kks"k.k ds vusd jkLrs Hkh [kksy fn,A bl ckr dk v/;;u
fd;k tkuk 'ks"k gS fd mnkjhdj.k dh bl vka/kh ds ckn vkSjrksa ds
f[kykQ tqYe c<+s gSa ;k de gq, gSaA muds izfr vijk/k 'kgjksa Hkh
iui jgs gSaA eqacbZ&fnYyh tSlS 'kgj Hkh vkSjrksa ds f[kykQ tqYe <krs
utj vk jgs gSaA lkewfgd cykRdkj] L=kh ds izfr fgalk dh [kcjksa ls
lekpkj ek/;e iVs iM+s gSaA ehrk fy[krh gSa& ßbu lkjh ifjfLFkfr;ksa
esa ,d u;k iz'u [kM+k gqvk gS fd efgyk ;k mlls tqM+s eqíksa dh
txg ehfM;k esa dgka gS] fdl ist ij gSA ehfM;k efgykvksa ds psgjksa
ls lq'kksfHkr gS] exj efgyk eqíksa ls eqag pqjkrk gSAÞ
lewpk ifjn`'; crkrk gS fd eq[;/kkjk ds ehfM;k esa L=kh
ds loky ml rjg ls LFkkfir ugha gks lds gSa ftl ifjek.k esa L=kh
'kfä dk izdVhdj.k gqvk gSA mlds iwjs pfj=k esa vkt Hkh ,d
vlarqyu gSA ;g ,d ehfM;k dh ukdkeh gh gS] ftl ij mls fujarj
vkRekykspu dh t:jr gSA 1949 esa fleksu n cksoqvkj us viuh
fdrkc ^n lsdaM lsDl* esa LFkkiuk nh Fkh fd ßvkSjr iSnk ugha gksrh
cfYd cukbZ tkrh gSAÞ mudh ckr vkt Hkh izklafxd gS D;ksafd
gekjs reke HkkSfrd fodkl ds ckotwn ge ekufld vkSj lkekftd
Lrj ij L=kh dks og txg ugha ns ik, gSa ftldh og gdnkj gSA
ehfM;k Hkh blls eqä ugha gS D;ksafd og Hkh blh lkekftd O;oLFkk
ls [kkn&ikuh ihdj curk vkSj izHkkoh gksrk gSA
1- 'kqDyk lq/kk% efgyk i=kdkfjrk] izdk'kd% izHkkr izdk'ku]
fnYyh] i`"B&217
2- ogh] i`"B&222
3- ogh]i`"B&240
4- tknokuh t;k% dkSu gks rqe ifrr ikou iwT;k\ ehfM;k
foe'kZ ¼=kSekfld½ vDVwcj&fnlacj] 2009 Hkksiky] i`"B%19
5- flag fot;cgknqj% ,d ;qxkarj gS ehfM;k L=kh ds fy,% ehfM;k
foe'kZ ¼=kSekfld½ vDVwcj&fnlacj] 2009 Hkksiky] i`"B%14
6- ogh
7- dqekj dey% L=kh dh cgqrsjh Nfo;k% ehfM;k foe'kZ
¼=kSekfld½ vDVwcj&fnlacj] 2009 Hkksiky] i`"B%10
8- mTtSu ehrk% ;gka L=kh dk psgjk gS] mlds loky ugh% ehfM;k
foe'kZ ¼=kSekfld½] vizSy&twu] 2012] i`"B% 90
9- ogh
7
8
9
lanHkZ
ys[kd ek[kuyky prqosZnh jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky;]
Hkksiky esa tulapkj foHkkx ds v/;{k gSa rFkk ehfM;k foe'kZ if=kdk ds
dk;Zdkjh laiknd gSaA
bZ&esy& ] eks- [email protected]
48
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
c ge ehfM;k dgrs gSa rks
vk/kqfud ;qx dk i;kZ;
cu tkrk gSA vkfn ;qx esa Hkh phtas
Fkh ijarq vkt tSlh ughaA :i
cnyk] 'kCn cnys thou dk
cnyuk LokHkkfod gks x;kA ,sls
esa efgykvksa us D;k ifjorZu fd;k
rks Hkh vius thou ds fy, bls
tkuuk rHkh laHko gksxk tc ge
mUgsa muds Lrj ij tkusA izkjaHk esa
lekpkj vFkok lans'k izlkj.k ds
ek/;e ls nwjHkk"k] rkj] lekpkj
i=k] if=kdk,¡] jsfM;ks] Vh-oh-]
flusek bR;kfnA bUgha lHkh 'kCnksa
dks ,d lkFk vaxzsth esa ;fn
ehfM;k dgk tk, rks xyr u
gksxkA blh Øe esa lapkj ra=k us bysDVªkWfud vkSj varfj{k foKku ds
;qx esa izos'k fd;k rFkk blds O;kid rFkk fojkV ifjos'k us bls uke
fn;k eYVhehfM;k dkA vc rks ;s daI;wVj ls tqMdj oSf'od Lrj ij
igq¡p x;k gSA
bDdhloha lnh esa rks ehfM;k dk izHkko bruk c<+k gS fd
;g 'kfDr dk dsUnz cu x;k gS vkSj bldh 'kfDr fujarj c<+rh tk
jgh gS] vc fizaV ehfM;k ds ckn bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k us muds laiw.kZ
thou ds ifjn`'; gh cny fn, gSaA ge lHkh dh lqcg ls ysdj jkr
rd dh fnup;kZ vc buds ek/;e ls fu/kkZfjr gq;h gSaA lqcg
mBdj v[kckj] fQj jsfM;ks] fQj Vsyhfotu baVjusV ,oa eksckby
bu lHkh ds bnZ&fxnZ gekjk thou ?kwerk jgrk gSA vkt dsoy
efgyk,a ?kj ds dkeksa esa gh ugha] oju lHkh {ks=kksa esa dk;Zjr gSaA
ehfM;k] lkfgR;] dyk] lkSan;Z] laLd`fr vkSj L=kh dh
vud Nfo;k¡ izLrqr djrk gSA ;g dkykuqlkj ifjofrZr gksrk jgrk
gSA vkt ewy iz'u gS fd L=kh gksus dk vFkZ D;k gS\ tc ge ehfM;k
dks efgykvksa ds fy, ,d jkstxkj eku cSBrs gSa rks iz'u ;g Hkh
mBrk gS fd mls fdl :i esa ns[krk gS\ iz'u mBrk gS fd efM;k mls
fdl ehfM;k L=kh dh cgqvk;keh] O;kid] fofo/k :ih Nfo dks ftl
ladh.kZ vFkZ esa ifjlhfer dj jgk gS og rks jkstxkj dh ifjHkk"kk
ugha gks ldrhA ;g ;qx vfLrRo ds cks/k dk ;qx ukfj;ksa ds fy, gS
;gh dkj.k gS fd vkt f'kf{kr&izf'kf{kr] Lora=k lksp okyh ukfj;k¡
ehfM;k dh cktkjoknh laLd`fr Vh-oh- ds ek/;e ls gekjs ?kjks esa
?kql vkbZ gSaA bruk gh ugha rks vkt varjjk"Vªh; cktkjokn dk ;qx
gS\ ,sls esa cktkj dsoy viuk equkQk ns[krk gS rks Hkyk ukfj;ksa ds
jkstxkj dk D;k\ jkstxkj dbZ izdkj ds gksrs gSa& fQYeksa esa dgkuh
;gk¡ os jp jgha gSa u;k bfrgkl
t
21oha lnh esa ehfM;k dk izHkko bruk gS fd ;g 'kfDr dk dsanz cu x;k vkSj bldh 'kfDr fujarj c<+rh tk jgh gSA
vc fizaV ehfM;k ds ckn bysDVªWkfud ehfM;k us muds laiw.kZ thou ds ifjn`'; gh cny fn, gSaA lqcg ls ysdj jkr
rd dh fnup;kZ vc buds ek/;e ls fu/kkZfjr gksrh gSA ehfM;k] lkfgR;] dyk] lkSan;Z] laLd`fr vkSj L=kh dh vud
Nfo;k¡ izLrqr djrs gSaA ;g dkykuqlkj ifjofrZr gksrk jgrk gSA vkt iz'u gS fd L=kh gksus dk vFkZ D;k gS\
vkoj.k dFkk-5lfork flag
foe'kZehfM;k
49
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
fy[kdj jkstxkj ikuk] vfHku; djds jkstxkj ikuk] xkuk xkdj
jkstxkj ikuk tqM+s gSa ysfdu cktkjoknh laLd`fr fMLikstscy laLd`fr
gSA blesa vkSjr dh nsg cuus dk vFkZ cM+k Hk;kud izrhr gksrk gSA
ehfM;k] v[kckj] i=k&if=kdk,¡] Vh-oh- lhfj;y vkSj dk;ZØe]
fQYeksa es lcls vf/kd foKkiuksa esa L=kh Nfo ns[kus dks feyrh gaS rks
D;k ;g efgyk ehfM;k jkstxkj gS\ bls izxfr dgk tk, ;k le;
dh ek¡x\ bl ij fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A vkt efgyk,¡ lHkh
{ks=kksa esa fofo/k Lrjksa ij dk;Zjr gSaA ?kj&ifjokj esa Lokoyach Lok;Ùk
vkSjr dh Hkwfedk cnyh gS D;k\ D;k ehfM;k vkt lekt ds fy,
u;s lehdj.k ds :i esa cktkj gsrq ukjh foKkiu rS;kj dj jgk gS
vkSj ukjh Nfo dks cktkj ds lkFk&lkFk fo'o Lrj ij LFkkfir dj
jgk gSA lekt esa] ?kj ifjokjksa esa lcls T;knk lEekfur&xkSjkfUor
;gh efgyk,¡ gSA dkj.k Vhoh vkSj tulaidZA vkt tgk¡ ,d vksj
L=khoknh fparu esa ifjorZu ns[kus dks feyrk gS ogha ;g Hkh dguk
xyr u gksxk fd foKkiuksa }kjk ijkslh tk jgh vkØked HkkSfrdrk
us L=kh dh nqnZ'kk dh gSA
ekuo dh izo`fÙk ds dkj.k lekt ds tUe ds lkFk gh
ehfM;k Hkh vfLrRo esa vk;k vkSj ekuo thou dk vfHkUu lgHkkxh
cu x;kA izkjaHk esa lekpkj vFkok lans'k izlkj.k ek/;e Fks& nwjHkk"k
VsyhQksu] rkj] Vsfyxzke] lekpkj i=k] if=kdk,¡] jsfM;ks
vkdk'kok.kh] Vh-oh- nwjn'kZu flusek pyfp=kA ;g lHkh lapkj ra=k
pw¡fd lekpkj lans'k ds ek/;e FksA vr% vaxzsth 'kCn ehfM;k esa
:ikUrfjr gks x;s] blh Øe esa lapkj ra=k us bysDVªkWfud vkSj
vUrfj{k foKku ds ;qx esa izos'k fd;k rFkk blds O;kid rFkk blds
O;kid rFkk fojkV ifjos'k us bls uke ns fn;k eYVhehfM;k vFkkZr
cgqO;kid ;k fojkV lapkj ra=k ftlesa dEI;wVj ls tqM+dj vius
Lo:i dks oSf'od dj fy;k gSA bUnz fo|k okpLifr ds vuqlkj&
lapkj ek/;e] ik¡poka osn gS] ftlds tfj, ge Kku&foKku laca/kh
ckrksa dks tkudj viuk can efLr"d [kksyrs gSaA
bDdhloha lnh esa rks ehfM;k dk izHkko bruk c<+k gS fd
;g 'kfDr dk dsUnz cu x;k gS vkSj mldh 'kfDr fujarj c<+rh tk
jgh gSA lp rks ;g fd bu fnuksa ehfM;k us ekuoh; fnup;kZ dks
fu;af=kr dj jgk gSA gekjh gj lqcg lekpkj i=k] Vsyhfotu]
jsfM;ks] baVjusV] eksckby ds lkFk 'kq# gksrh gS vkSj uhan Hkjh vk¡[kkas
ds lkFk lekIr gksrh gSA okLro esa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa lapkj
Økafr dh bl pdkpkSa/k esa ehfM;k us gekjs vkpkj] O;ogkj] ,oa
euksoSKkfud ljksdkj dks ,d u;k Qyd iznku fd;k gSA ,Q-,e-
nqfu;k us Hkkjr tSls ns'k ds e/;eoxhZ; lekt dks u, lwpuk
euksjatu] Xykscy f'k{kk rFkk fofo/krkvksa dh nqfu;k esa LFkkfir
fd;k gSA blds izHkko cgqvk;keh gSa vkSj ;g lkekftd] /kkfeZd]
lkaLd`frd] vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd] euksoSKkfud] ikfjokfjd bR;kfn
lHkh i{kksa dks vyx&vyx <ax ls izHkkfor dj jgk gSA cs.Msy
fQfyIl uked fo}ku ds vuqlkj& vkt dk ehfM;k ,d ckjxh
tulxZ dk ekrk&firk] Ldwy] dkWyst] f'k{kd] fFk;sVj] vkn'kZ vkSj
ikjn'kZdrk ds :i esa gekjk lkFkh gks x;k gSA fu'p; gh ehfM;k ds
dkj.k lkekftd ifjn`'; esa dkQh ifjorZu gks jgk gS] ns'kdky dh
nwfj;k¡ feV jgh gSaA ifjn`';] fopkj] laLd`fr] lH;rk lHkh dk
vknku&iznku c<+k gSA vU;k;] mRihM+u] vR;kpkj] dnkpkj]
'kks"k.k] Hkz"Vkpkj o ekuof/kdkj ds guu dk fujarj fojks/k djrs
gq, ehfM;k us euq"; ds vkRefo'okl dks c<+k;k gS rFkk ,d lacy
iznku dj vf/kdkjksa ds j{kd ds :i esa lkeus vk;k gSA
vkdk'kok.kh esa dk;Zjr efgykvksa ds fo"k; esa tkuus ls
igys ;g tku ysuk vko';d gS fd Hkkjr esa jsfM;ks i=kdkfjrk dk
bfrgkl D;k gS\ yxHkx lÙkj o"kZ iqjkuk bldk bfrgkl gSA
Lok/khurk ls iwoZ lu 1926 esa bafM;u ckWMdkfLVax daiuh }kjk
eqacbZ vkSj dksydkrk esa nks dsanzksa dh LFkkiuk gq;h FkhA ;g ,d futh
daiuh FkhA lu 1930 esa Hkkjr ljdkj us izlkj.k dk;Z dks bafM;u
LVsV czkWMdkfLVax dk uke nsdj mls vius vf/kdkj esa ys fy;kA
,d o"kZ ds ckn 9 vDVwcj] 1931 dks bls can dj fn;k x;kA
vkdk'kok.kh dh iqu% 'kq#vkr 1936 esa vky bafM;k
jsfM;ks ds uke ls dh x;h] rHkh ls ;g fujarj dk;Zjr gSA vk/kqfud
le; esa Hkkjr dh 97 izfr'kr turk vkdk'kok.kh lsok ls
ykHkkfUor gks jgh gSA jsfM;ks ,d rkjd /ofu dk ek/;e gS ogha ;g
JO; vkSj n`'; Hkh gSA vkdk'kok.kh dh yksdfiz;rk dks ;fn ge ns[ksa
rks gesa ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd vkjaHk esa Lora=krk izkfIr ds le; dsoy
blds 6 dsanz Fks fdarq lu 1997&98 esa bldh la[;k 150 ls Hkh Åij
gks x;hA orZeku ;qx esa ;g ns'k dk ,d l'kDr vkSj o`gn lapkj
ek/;e gSA
vc iz'u mBrk gS fd bl ij fdl izdkj ds dk;ZØeksa dk
izlkj.k gksrk gS\ ;fn ge ;g dgsa fd bl ij lk/kkj.k turk dks
f'kf{kr djus ds lkFk gh LoLFk euksjatu iznku djus ds dk;ZØe
izlkfjr gksrk gS rks xyr u gksxkA bl {ks=k esa i=kdkjksa dk Hkfo";
cgqr vPNk gSA jsfM;ks ij izlkfjr gksus okys dk;ZØeksa esa fofo/k
fo"k;ksa dk lek;kstu gksrk gSA tSls& lekpkj cqysfVu] lkekf;d
leh{kk] lekpkj okpu O;k[;kRed lkexzh n'kZu /ofu laiknu]
vkdk'kok.kh esa dk;Zjr efgyk,¡
50
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
fofHkUu {ks=kksa ls lacaf/kr izkfof/k dh tkudkjh] [ksy&dwn lekpkj]
fQYeh xkus] ;qook.kh] izfl) gfLr;ksa ls okrkZyki&lk{kkRdkj]
izfr;ksfxrk ifjppkZ] ukVd] yksdxhr] foKku lsok] d`f"k ,oa
x`g&ifjokj dY;k.k bR;kfn eq[; dk;ZØe mYys[kuh; gSaA lkfgR;
dks turk rd igq¡pkus dk Js; JO; lapkj ek/;eksa esa jsfM;ks dks
lcls vf/kd rc rd gksrh gS tc nks lkfgR;dkjksa dh ckrphr Vsi
dh tk,A ;gh ckr vkWfM;ks dSlsV ds fy, ykxw gksrh gS tSls&
gfjoa'kjk; cPpu dh e/kq'kkyk dk dSlsV lkfgR; dh /kjksgj gSA
egkRek xk¡/kh vkSj iafMr usg: th ds dSlsV can Hkk"k.k Hkh nqyZHk gksus
ds dkj.k vaR;r egRoiw.kZ gSaA ehfM;k ds {ks=k esa jsfM;ks ds
lkfgfR;d dk;ZØe dk lh/kk vkSj Li"V izHkko Jksrkvksa ij iM+rk
gSA vc ;fn ge vkdk'kok.kh esa dk;Zjr efgykvksa dh ckr djsa rks
,d vksj rks ;g buds jkstxkj esa lgk;d gksxk nwljh vksj dyk
xq.kksa ds foLrkj esaA gj {ks=k dh rjg ;gk¡ Hkh mPp inksa ij iq#"k gh
vf/kd fn[kk;h nsrs gSa D;ksafd VsfDudy dk;Z gsrq vHkh efgykvksa ds
le{k gksus dh la[;k esa o`f) ugha gq;h gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd
,d&vk/k dsanzksa ij efgykvksa dks Mk;jsDVj ds in ij ns[kk tkrk gSA
;g ckr vkSj gS fd fHkUu&fHkUu foHkkxksa esa budh la[;k vf/kd gS
tSls fganh dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh] ejkBh foHkkx dh dk;Z vf/kdkjh]
;qok dk;ZØeksa dh cky dk;ZØeksa dh la;ksftdk,a bR;kfnA
nwljh vksj ;fn ns[ksa rks efgykvksa dks okrkZ gsrq] ppkZ gsrq]
ukVd esa Hkkx ysus gsrq ;k ok| ctkus gsrq Hkh dk;Z djrs gq, ns[kk
x;k gSA iz'u ;g mBrk gS fd D;k ;g jkstxkj jksth&jksVh pykus gsrq
lgk;d gSa rks 'kk;n mÙkj uk gh gksxkA tgk¡ rd inksa ij vklhu gSa
og rks ljdkjh rU[okg dh vf/kdkfj.kh gks tkrh gS fdarq tks blds
dk;ZØe gksrs gSa og eghus rhu eghus ;k 6 eghus dh vof/k esa
laiUu gksrs gSaA jsfM;ks esa dgkuh ys[ku dfork ys[ku vuqokn Vad.k
gsrq Hkh dk;Z miyC/k gksrs gSa fdarq thfodksiktZu gsrq /kujkf'k dh
O;oLFkk blls laHko ugha gSA
gk¡] ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkt ds orZeku ;qx esa
ukfj;k¡ Hkh vfHk;ark ds :i esa l{ke gksdj bl {ks=k esa inkZi.k dj
ldrh gSaA jsfM;ks ukVd ys[ku] jsfM;ks tkWdh] mn~?kks"kd] i=kdkfjrk
vkfn dk dk;Z djds jsfM;ks ds tqM+k tk ldrk gS vkSj ,Q-,e- rFkk
u;s&u;s pSuyksa ls tqMdj mudk izlkj djds Hkh efgyk,¡ vius
jkstxkj dh o`f) dj ldrh gSaA
Vh-oh- esa efgykvksa dh fLFkfr dks tkuus ls igys ;g tku
ysuk vko';d gS fd Hkkjr esa nwjn'kZu dk izkjaHk dc gqvk\ 15
flracj] 1959 esa bldk izkjaHk dc gqvk FkkA bldk mís'; vkjaHk
djus dk vyx FkkA njvly ;g lu 1959 ls lu 1976 rd
vkdk'kok.kh dk gh ,d vax ekuk tkrk Fkk] fdarq lu vizSy 1976
ls nwjn'kZu egfuns'kky; dh LFkkiuk dj nh x;hA lu 1982 esa
jaxhu izlkj.k dk vkjaHk gqvkA mixzg&bUlsV&1 }kjk bls fn[kk;k
x;kA orZeku le; esa nwjn'kZu ns'k ds dksus&dksus QSy pqdk gSA ;g
lc ns'kh bulsVkas dk deky gSA bls tknw dk fMCck Hkh dgk tk
ldrk gSA vkt ds ;qx dk ;g ,d loZfiz; euksjatu dk lk/ku gSA
bl Vh-oh- i=kdkfjrk ds vUrxZr QksVks i=kdkfjrk] tSls lekpkj
laca/kh ,sfrgkfld Hkouksa] i'kq&if{k;ksa] izkd`frd n`';ksa ,oa lekjksgksa
gSaA vkfn fp=k [khpsa tk ldrs gSaA Vh-oh- i=kdkfjrk esa lQyrk gsrq
fp=k ,oa /ofu dks izkfof/kd Kku] ys[ku okpu dh {kerk ,oa /ofu
dk izkfof/kd Kku] ys[ku okpu dh {kerk ,oa bysVªkfudh
tkudkjh ls Vhoh i=kdkfjrk esa lQyrk ik;h tk ldrh gSA bl
i=kdkfjrk esa lQyrk ikus gsrq ;g vko';d gS fd rduhdh Kku
fo'ks"k :i ls gks] dSejk Qsl djuk] 'kCn /ofu] n`'; /ofu] cuko
J`axkj vkfn dh Hkh tkudkjh gksuh pkfg,A
nwjn'kZu ds dkj.k 'kgjksa esa jsfM;ks ds Jksrk ?kVs gSa fdarq
xzkeh.k vapyksa esa blds Jksrk lewg esa dkQh o`f) Hkh gqbZ gSA lu
1999 esa ;g la[;k 11-5 djksM+ ls c<dj 12-5 djksM+ ij igq¡p xbZ
FkhA Hkkjr dk igyk jsfM;ks vkSj nwjn'kZu laxzgky; fnYyh esa
LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA ;g izlkj.k Hkou esa gSA bldk mís'; ns'k
dh izlkj.k fojklr dks lqjf{kr j[kuk gSA
ekuo lH;rk ds fodkl esa ukjh dh l`tukRed Hkwfedk
jgh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ukjh lekt dh vk/kkjf'kyk cuh fdaarq
gekjs usrk egkRek xk¡/kh us viuh vkRedFkk esa vius O;ogkj ds
izfr {kksHk O;Dr fd;k gS] rks D;k ikBdksa dks ;g le>kuk pkfg,
fd ns'k dh vktknh esa lcls vkxs vkus okys usrk Hkh viuh iRuh ds
izfr ,d vyx utfj;k vke vkneh tSlk gh j[krs Fks\ mUgha dh
vkRedFkk dk ,d va'k& ßeSaus vius vkidks dHkh ekQ ugha fd;k
gSA ,sls nq[k fganw L=kh gh lgu djrh gS vkSj bl dkj.k eSaus L=kh dks
lnk lgu'khyrk dh ewfrZ ds :i esa ns[kk gSA iRuh ifr dh nklh
ugha] ij mldh lgpkfj.kh gS] lg/kfeZ.kh gS] nksukas ,d&nwljs ds lq[k
nq[k ds leku lk>snkj gSa vkSj Hkyk&cqjk djus dh ftruh Lora=krk
ifr dks gS mRuh gh iRuh dks Hkh gSAÞ
loky ;g mBrk gS fd tc xk¡/kh tSls usrk vius O;ogkj
esa vkSj fopkjksa esa bruh cMh [kkbZ j[krs gSa rks vke turk ls D;k
mEehn gks ldrh gS\ ,sls ekgkSy esa tc Hkkjrh; ukjh fizaV ehfM;k
Vh-oh- vkSj efgyk,¡
foe'kZehfM;k
51
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
;k bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k esa dk;Z djrh gS rks igyk iz'u ;g mBrk gS
fd ?kj ls ysdj ckgj rd og fdruh vklkuh ls viuk dk;Z dj
ikrh gSA D;k mls ?kj vkSj ckgj og lgwfy;r bu dk;ksZa ds fy,
izkIr gksrh gS tks blh {ks=k ds iq#"kksa dks izkIr gksrh gSA esjs fopkj ls
rks ughaA gk¡ ;g ckr vkSj gS fd vkt orZeku ;qx esa ukjh viuh
izfrHkk vkSj ftn ls gj {ks=k esa teh gq;h gSA vkt vc iwjk fo'o ubZ
djoVsa cny jgk gSA ,sls esa Hkkjrh; ukjh Hkh vius ,d u;s
vkleku dh ryk'k esa tqVh gq;h gSA vkt 'kgj dh efgyk,sa mUgsa
ns[kdj Hkh vius cnyko gsrq rRij gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd v[kckj esa]
jsfM;ks esa Vh- oh- vkSj fQYeksa esa vkt vPNh [kklh efgykvksa dh iSB
gks x;h gSA ;gh otg gS fd Hkkjrh; ehfM;k laLd`fr us efgykvksa ds
fy, [kqyk vkleku iSnk dj fn;k gSA ,d ckr fQj ;kn vk jgh gS
lq/kk vjksM+k th dh dgkuh rhljh csVh ds uke dh fd dgha ;s
vkleku Nwus dh mM+ku fdlh nq%[k Hkj iSxke dk vatke u cu
tk,¡A oks fy[krh gSa&
vius liuksa dks lp esa cnyus ds vkjekuksa dh ltk
viuh dksBjh ls ckgj dh nqfu;ka rd lqjax [kksnus dh ltk
viuh ekSr dk dkj.k rks rw [kqn Fkh] lquluk
D;ksa rwus ia[k QSykdj vkleku dh Fkkg ysuh pkgh Fkh\
orZeku ;qx esa ehfM;k laLd`fr us efgykvksa dks tkx:d
cuk;k gS] blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha ysfdu ;fn rg esa tk,¡ rks vf/kdkj
lEiUu efgyk,¡ mudk mi;ksx fdruk dj ikrh gSa iz'u ;{k tSlk
vc Hkh gSA vkj{k.k }kjk efgyk,¡ vkidks igys ls vf/kd LFkkuksa
ij dk;Z djus gsrq lcy rks le> jgh gSa fdarq lqjf{kr ugha gS dkj.k
lkQ gS] efgyk lcyhdj.k ds lkFk&lkFk muds izfr vijk/k vkSj
vR;kpkjksa esa ekuks Jh o`f) gksrh tk jgh gSA vkt ,d losZ ds
ek/;e ls ;kSu mRihM+u] cykRdkj] NsM+NkM+ vkSj vigj.k tSls
vijk/k c<+rs tk jgs gaS rks D;k ;gh ehfM;k Økafr gS\ fopkj rks vc
lcdks djuk gksxkA blh izdkj dh ,d fVIi.kh ehfM;k Økafr esa gq,
ifjorZu dks ns[krs gq, tuoknh efgyk lfefr dh v/;{k us Hkh dh
FkhA izkphu dky ls vc rd efgykvksa dks eksgjk cukdj gh
bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA vktknh ds ckn efgykvksa dk mi;ksx
miHkksDrk laLd`fr us [kwc fd;kA efgykvksa us ehfM;k esa dc vkSj
dSls inkiZ.k fd;k\ D;k ;s muds futh [okc Fks\ iz'u fopkj.kh;
gS\ lu lÙkj ds n'kd ls vkfFkZd ladV us efgykvksa dks ?kj ls
fudyus ds fy, ck/; fd;kA oks pkgs iq#"kksa }kjk Lo;a dks de
vk¡dus dh ckr jgh gks ;k ngst ls tw>us dhA ?kjsyw fgalk Hkh
HkweaMyhdj.k ds nkSj esa c<+us yxhA L=kh izfrHkk gj ;qx esa ns[kh tk
ldrh gS fd D;k vkt izfrHkk'kkyh efgyk;sa ehfM;k {ks=k esa l{ke
gks ik jgh gSa\ ;k vc Hkh iq#"kksa }kjk os lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSa\
lp rks ;g gS fd ehfM;k Økafr pkgs ftruk dj ys efgyk
nsg ls yksx Åij mBus dks rS;kj ugha gSA v[kckj gks] Vh-oh- gks]
baVjusV gks ;k fQYesa gks ukjh dh nsg dks Hkksx dh oLrq cukdj
ijkslk tk jgk gSA iz'u ;g mBrk gS fd ukjh ehfM;k ds fy,
dk;Z{ke gS ;k ehfM;k ukjh dk mi;ksx dj O;kolk;hdj.k esa
my>k gqvk gS\ v[kckj i<+rs le; efgykvksa ds v'yhy&foKkiu
ns[ks tk ldrs gSaa] baVjusV rks ,sls ohfM;ks ls Hkjk iM+k gS ftls cM+h
vklkuh ls dksbZ Hkh ns[k ldrk gS] fQYesa rks rc rd iwjh gh ugha
ekuh tkrh tc rd efgyk dk vax izn'kZu ds mlesa n`'; u 'kkfey
gksaA esjk eu ;g fopkj djus yxrk gS fd D;k lp esa ehfM;k esa
dk;Zjr efgyk;sa viuh izfrHkk dkS'ky dks dsoy lekt rd igq¡pk
jgh gSa ;k ckr xaHkhj gS\ ehfM;k us ukjh dks izxfr'khy rks cuk;k gS
ysfdu fn'kk Hkzfer vf/kd vkSj lgh jkg de fn[kykrh gSaA
mnkgj.k Lo:i dydÙkk ls vk;h ,d ek¡ ls tc ;g dgk x;k fd
cPph dks mldh mez ds ;ksX; xhr fl[kkb;s rks twu 2013 ds
bafM;u vk;fMy twfu;j ds 'kks esa ,d cPph dk xkuk lquus ds ckn
fo'kky th us rhu ckj xkuk cnydj xkus dk volj iznku fd;k
fdarq mlus v'yhy xhrksa dks gh lquk;k rc mldh ek¡ dks cqyk;k
x;k tks fd mlds lkFk ogk¡ x;h FkhA iwNus ij mlus mÙkj fn;k fd
turk ,sls gh xkus lquus dh is'k djrh gS vkSj gekjh cPph LVst 'kks
djrh gS] [kwc iSlk dekrh gS] gesa Lo;a xkus ds pquko dh lqfo/kk
gksrh gh gSA ¼14 twu] 2013½
iSlksa dh pdkpkSa/k esa lc dqN Hkwyrs tk jgs gSaA D;k
okLro esa efgykvksa dks ehfM;k esa dke djrs le; fdlh Hkh rjg
dh LosPNk ugha gS\ eSa ugha ekurhA gk¡] ;g t:j gSa fd tc ge de
le; esa vf/kd iSlk vkSj izflf) pkgrs gSa rc gekjs ikl pquko
vkSj fopkj djus nksuksa dh Lora=krk lekIr gks tkrh gSA vkt
ehfM;k ds ek/;e ls ;fn ge efgykvksa dh fLFkfr;ksa dks tkuuk
pkgrs gSa rks gesa fuEu fyf[kr ckrksa ij n`f"Vikr djuk gksxk&
Hkkjrh; efgyk;sa vkSj cnyrk ifjn`';] efgykvksa ds fy, izlkj.k
ek/;e vkd"kZ.k dsanz] ehfM;k ds :i esa O;olk;] Vh-oh- esa dk;Zjr
efgyk,¡] i=kdkfjrk ls tqM+h efgyk,¡ ehfM;k esa efgykvksa dh
Hkk"kk] foKkiu vkSj efgyk,¡] ehfM;k esa dk;Zjr efgykvksa ds
dkuwu vkSj vkSj vf/kdkj] efgyk] ehfM;k vkSj cktkjokn ,oa
ehfM;k vkSj efgyk 'kks"k.k bR;kfnA
;fn ge mijksDr ckrksa ij xkSj ls eaFku djsaxs rks vo';
ltk rks rq>s feyuh gh Fkh
52
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
gh ehfM;k vkSj efgykvksa ds laca/k] mudk mi;ksx] mudh fn'kk
vkSj n'kk dks le> ldasxsA loZizFke vkt ds cnyrs ifjn`'; dks
;fn ns[ksaxs rks Kkr gksxk fd ehfM;k dh pdkpkSa/k esa gj ,d
efgyk ljkcksj gSA NksVk inkZ gks ;k cM+k& fdlh Hkh rjg og Lo;a
dks ogk¡ rd igq¡pkuk pkgrh gSA iwjh nqfu;k dks crkuk pkgrh gS fd
esjh Hkh dqN 'kf[l;r gSA ,sls esa mudk mi;ksx xyr <ax ls fd;k
tkrk gSA :i dk;Z dk pkgs tks gks fdarq ckr tc izn'kZu ij vkdj
fVdrh gS rks 'kks"k.k dh ek=kk vf/kd gks tkrh gSA igys vkidks eu
pkgh dher fey tk,xh ,slk yxrk gS fdarq vkt Hkh efgykvksa ds
dk;Z dh dher iq#"kksa ls dbZ txgksa ij de vk¡dh tkrh gSaA Vh-oh-
esa NksVk lk jksy fey tkus ij Hkh ekuks nqfu;k dk uk;kc ghjk mUgsa
izkIr gks x;k ,slk oks eglwl djrh gSaA ,d lk{kkRdkj esa eSaus i<+k
Fkk fd lgurfdZ;ksa dks fQYeksa esa pkyhl #i;s fn, tkrs Fks dHkh
tc fd esgur og ukf;dk ls vf/kd djrh FkhA insZ dh ped] lp
iwNks rks jkg Hkqykus dk dke djrh gSA
vkt Vh-oh- ds lhfj;y ns[kdj] fQYeksa esa ukf;dkvksa dks
ns[kdj] Mh-vk;-Mh-MkWl esa ekWe Lis'ky gks ;k cPpksa ds xhrksa dh
Li/kkZ gksA lcds eu esa ,d gh bPNk izcy jgrh gS fd esa iwjs fo'o
esa insZ ij fn[kk;h nw¡A insZ dk vkd"kZ.k izcy gksrk gSA
vkt f'kf{kr efgyk,¡] ehfM;k dks jkstxkj ds :i esa Hkh
pquus yxh gSaA i=kdkfjrk gks] Vh-oh- i=kdkfjrk gks] vfHku; gks] lw=k
lapkyu gks] fQYe dk funsZ'ku gks] QksVksxzkQh gks] /kkjkokfgdksa esa]
dk;Z gks dqy feykdj] ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkt efgyk,¡ NksVs
insZ ls ysdj CkM+s insZ rd u;s&u;s {ks=kksa esa igy dj pqdh gSaA ,d
le; Fkk tc fxuh&pquh efgyk,¡ gh fQYeksa esa tk;k djrh Fkh vkSj
mUgsa yksx vPNk ugha ekurs Fks] ysfdu vkt Lo;a uk;d viuh
csfV;ksa dks fQYeksa esa izos'k dj jgsA vkt ukjh vkfFkZd :i ls fuHkZj
ugh jguk pkgrh ;gh dkj.k gSa fd oks gj izdkj ds dk;Z] gj {ks=k ds
dk;Z djus dks rS;kj gSA
izkphudky dh ckr vkSj Fkh tc dqN fo'ks"k {ks=k muds
fy, fu/kkZfjr ,oa lhfer dj fn, tkrs Fks fdarq vkt ehfM;k ds
dkj.k gh os gj {ks=k esa viuh etcwr idM+ cuk pqds gSa ;g ehfM;k
dk nwljk igyw Hkh gSaA v[kckjksa esa ;fn oks dkWye fy[krh gSa rks Vh-
oh- esa jktuhfrd leh{kk djrh gSa] ,d vkSj fØdsV dh dkesaVªh nsrh
gSa rks nwljh vkSj ik;ysV curh gS bathfu;j] esfMdy vc dsoy
iq#"kksa dk {ks=k ugh jgk rks ehfM;k us foKkiu ds ek/;e ls csfV;ksa
dh f'k{kk dks egRoiw.kZ crkdj mUgsa f'kf{kr djok;k gS vkSj gj {ks=k
esa foLrkj djok;k gSA vkt ekuks efgykvksa us ehfM;k esa dk;Z djus
gsrq ,d pqukSrh ys yh gS vkSj efgykvksa esa Økafr vk x;h gSA lu
1980 dk n'kd efgyk n'kd ekuk x;kA Hkkjrh; efgykvksa ds
fy, bls Lof.kZe dky dgk x;k gSA dbZ rjg ds dkuwu muds fy,
cus vkSj dbZ fodkl dh ;kstuk,¡ HkhA efgyk,¡ vius LokLF; ds
izfr ltx gksus yxhaA vc rd tgk¡ mUgsa dsoy iztuu ;a=k ekuk
tkuk tkrk FkkA ogha mUgksaus bl ij jksd yxk nh fd mUgsa ek=k bruk
ghu u le>k tk,] Mh- ,u- ,- VsLV vkjaHk gks x;sA ;gha ls
efgykvksa us dks[k ij viuk vf/kdkj crk;k vkSj mls fdjk;s ij
nsuk viuk dkuwuh gd vkSj lafo/kkfud vf/kdkj ?kksf"kr fd;kA
;g paMhx<+ dh ,d efgyk Fkh tks dh fookfgrk FkhA ehfM;k dh gh
Økafr dk ,d vkSj egRoiw.kZ eqík gSA efgyk vkj{k.k yksdlHkk]
fo/kkulHkk esa 33 izfr'kr vkj{k.k] ;g Hkh fL=k;ksa ds tkx:drk dk
gh uewuk gSA
Vh-oh- bDdhloha lnh dh lapkj Økafr dk ,d :i gSA
uSfrd ewY;ksa esa cnyko blh dk urhtk dgsa rks xyr u gksxkA
bldk tUe vPNs mís'; ls gqvk Fkk ysfdu /khjs&/khjs :i fcxM+rk
pyk x;k ;k ;w¡ dfg, fd foLrkj gksrk pyk x;kA O;kid :i ls
de le; esa vf/kd O;fDr;ksa ls laidZ ewy mís'; Fkk fdarq
O;olk;hdj.k esa ifjofrZr gksdj mís'; ls HkVd x;kA vke
vkneh ds fy, cuk /kuh O;fDr;ksa dh eqëh esa fleV x;k] ;fn dgs
rks xyr u gksxkA efgykvksa dk lSykc ekuks Vh-oh- ij vk x;kA
vufxur pSuyksa ij fHkUu&fHkUu /kkjkokfgdksa esa mifLFkfr ntZ gksus
yxhA Vh- oh- ds vkus ls okpu laLd`fr izHkkfor gq;hA fj'rs
izHkkfor gq,] jlksbZ izHkkfor gq;h vkSj vkfFkZd [kpsZ ij Hkh bldk
izHkko fcuk iM+s u jg ldkA blus u;s&u;s QS'ku djus dh le>
efgykvksa dks nhA vkt f'kf{kr efgyk,¡ u;s&u;s O;olk; ds {ks=kksa
dk pquko Hkh djus yxh gSaA tSls ys[ku dk dk;Z] funsZ'ku dk dk;Z
vkt ,drk diwj] vfej [kku dh iRuh] nhik 'kkg vkSj u tkus ,slh
gh fdruh efgykvksa us viuh :fp ds vuq:i ehfM;k esa vius dk;Z
{ks=kksa dk pquko fd;k gSA ;gh ehfM;k dh Økafr gSA v[kckjksa esa ns[ks
tgk¡ igys dsoy ltkoV laca/kh idoku ;k LokLF; laca/kh ;k
dsoy ?kjsyw i{kksa dk gh fp=k.k fd;k tkrk Fkk vkt ,slk ugha gSA
efgykvksa us gj {ks=k esa viuh iSB rks tek yh gS fdarq la[;kRed
n`f"V ls cgqr de gS tSls& v[kckj vkSj if=kdkvksa esa laikfndk ds
:i esa fxuh&pquh efgyk,¡ gh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA ukVd ys[ku esa Hkh
;gh fLFkfr gSA vkt mUgsa vkdk'kok.kh esa Hkh i;kZIr igpku ,oa
dk;Z fey jgk gSA efgyk i=kdkj gsrq ;g dguk vuqfpr u gksxk
fd og i=kdkfjrk esa vkdj ,d can lhy dks rksM+us dk dke djrh
foe'kZehfM;k
53
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
gSaA vkt la[;k ds :i esaa Hkys mUgsa vf/kd vk¡dk tk jgk gSA fdarq
muds vf/kdkj vHkh Hkh iwjh rjg ls mUgsa ugha fey ik;s gaSA
lekpkj&i=kksa esa tks dk;Z og djuk pkgrh gS og mUgsa ugha fn,
tkrsA tcfd ;g ckr loZfofnr gS fd fganh lekpkj i=k i<+us okyksa
dh la[;k vkt ns'k esa lcls vf/kd gSA efgyk i=kdkjksa dh
leL;kvksa ij ppkZ cgqr de dh tkrh gS D;ksafd v[kckj ekfyd
vf/kdrj iq#"k gh gksrs gaSA v[kckjksa ds ys[kksa esa Hkh efgykvksa ds
pgq¡eq[kh fodkl gsrq Hkh cgqr de fy[kk tkrk gSA efgyk i=kdkjksa
dk dksbZ vyx ls laxBu Hkh ugh gksrk gSA vf/kdrj efgyk
i=kdkjksa dk mi;ksx {ks=kh; [kcjksa dks tksM+us ds fy, gh dj tkrk
gSA fganh v[kckj dh ,d i=kdkj fLerk feJk th dk rks ;gk¡ rd
ekuuk gS fd vaxzsth i=kdkjksa dh fLFkfr fganh ls csgrj gSA vDlj
efgyk i=kdkjksa ds pquko ls Hkh yksx drjkrs gSa fd ;s yksx dgha
ekr`Ro gsrq vodk'k u ys] jkr dh M~;wVh esa okgu dh lqfo/kk u ek¡x
cSBsA ,d rjQ ;g fujk'kk gS rks nwljh vksj ldkjkREkd fcanq Hkh
fn[kkbZ nsrs gaS fd fganh efgyk i=kdkjksa dks ekr`Ro gsrq vodk'k rks
iznku fd;k gh tkrk gS lkFk gh osru Hkh iznku fd;k tkrk gSA ;g
ckr vkSj gS fd nSfud fganqLrku dh phQ bu ,MhVj ds in ij jgha
e`.kky ikaMs th tSlk izeks'ku cM+h eqf'dy ls izkIr gksrk gSA dkj.k
efgyk,¡ dk;Z rks djrh gSa fdarq mudh igpku ugha cu ikrh gSA
Hkk"kk flag dgrh gaS fd fganh i=kdkj ds :i esa cgqr le>kSrs djus
iM+rs gSa vkSj yksx bls Lrjh; dk;Z Hkh ugha le>rsA gekjs dk;Z dks
gYdk le>k tkrk gS rFkk ge ghuHkko xzLr gks tkrs gSaA
ehfM;k esa efgykvksa dk mi;ksx vf/kd ls vf/kd izn'kZu
gsrq fd;k tk jgk gS] ;g ckr vxj vki lc Lo;a le> tk,a rks gh
bl ij izfrca/k yx ldrk gS ojuk ,dk/k ckj dqN yksxksa us ,sls
iz;ksx djus pkgs Hkh gSa ftlls bl izn'kZu dks jksdk tk lds fdarq
lQy u gks ldsA D;ksafd bls jksdus ds fy, Lo;a djus okyksa esa
le> iSnk gksuh pkfg,A egkjk"Vª ds lwpuk ea=kh us ukjh foKkiu
vkSj iksLVj ij izfrca/k yxk;k FkkA mÙkjizns'k ds eq[;ea=kh us ,d
ckj QS'ku 'kks ,oa lkSan;Z izfr;ksfxrkvksa ij jksd yxk;h FkhA gky gh
esa yM+fd;ksa dks eksckby u j[kus ds fy, tksj fn;k x;k ijarq dgha
ij Hkh gy ugha fudyk ;fn ge mfpr vkSj vuqfpr dk ikB vius
?kjksa esa cpiu ls ugh i<+k;saxs rks Hkyk izn'kZu djus ls igys mudh
lksp dks dkSu cny ik;sxkA vKku gesa va/kh nkSM+ esa 'kkfey djrk
gS vkSj Kku mlesa 'kkfey gksus ls jksdrk gSA dk;Z djuk] O;olk;
djuk vius fy, jksth&jksVh dekuk xyr ugha gS fdarq jkLrk Bhd
gksuk pkfg,A vkt L=kh ?kj esa cSBdj baVjusV ds ek/;e ls O;olk;
dj ldrh gS vkSj vius iSjksa ij [kM+h gks ldrh gSA gj flDds ds nks
igyw gksrs gaSA ehfM;k esa Hkh ;gh ckr gS cl ges mldk mi;ksx esa
dSls ykuk gS] mís'; vkSj y{; dks fuf'pr djuk gksxkA bDdhloha
lnh esa efgyk,¡ vius l`tukREkd {kerk izLrqr djuk pkgrh gSa
ysfdu muds bl ifjorZu dk xyr mi;ksx u fd;k tk, bldk
mUgsa Lo;a /;ku j[kuk iMs+xkA vkt ehfM;k dk c<+rk izHkko 'kfDr
dk dsanz cu x;k gSA vkt fizaV ehfM;k dks ihNs nkSM+rk bysDVªkWfud
ehfM;k vkxs c<+rk tk jgk gS vkSj blh dkj.k lkeftd ifjn`';
cnyrs tk jgs gaSA ekuo thou dks mldh fnup;kZ dks tgk¡ ehfM;k
us fu;af=kr dj j[kk gS ogh blds cgqvk;keh izHkko Hkh ns[kus dks
feyrs gSaA
cs.Msy fQfyIl dk er gS& vkt dk ehfM;k ,d ckjxh
tu oxZ dk ekrk&firk] Ldwy&dkWyst] f'k{kd] fFk;sVj vkn'kZ vkSj
ijke'kZnkrk ds :i esa gekjk lkFkh gks x;k gS ysfdu ehfM;k
O;olkf;drk dh pisV esa vkdj efgykvksa vkSj mudh Nfo dks
ftl :i esa izLrqr dj jgk gS] og fparuh; gSA dqN phtsa gekjs
lekt esa ijaijkxr :i esa oftZr gSa] lkekftd 'kkyhurk o e;kZnk
dh ,d lhek jgh gSA vxj mtkyk ds ;qok i=kdkj fo".kq 'kekZ th
dk ekuuk gS fd ftl fdlh ckr ij Hkh ifjokjtuksa ds chp fopkj
fd;k tkuk mi;qDr u gks rFkk lanHkZ vkus ij 'keZ dk vuqHko gks
og lHkh v'yhy gSA vkt orZeku le; esa ehfM;k ds tfj,
efgykvksa esa rjDdh dk vuqHko fd;k gS tSls U;wt jhMj] laikfndk]
LraHkdkj] i=kdkj] ,adj] dk;ZØe dh gksLV] jsfM;ks tkWdh] Mh-ts-
bR;kfn vkt eafnjk csnh tSlh Vh-oh- lhfj;y dh ukf;dk,¡ ,adj
dk dk;Z dj jgh gSaA ,sls gh tt ds :i esa Js;k ?kks"kky] vpZuk iwju
flag] fdju [ksj] Qjgk [kku] :uk ySyk] vk'kk Hkkslys bR;kfn vius
gquj ls ehfM;k esa vyx LFkku cuk pqdh gSaA ;g dguk Hkh xyr u
gksxk fd ehfM;k us efgykvksa dks jkstxkj ds lkFk viuh izfrHkk
fn[kkus dk csgrj fodYi iznku fd;k gSA ;g ckr vkSj gS fd
efgyk i=kdkjksa dk dksbZ vyx ls laxBu Hkh
ugha gksrk gSA vf/kdrj efgyk i=kdkjksa dk
mi;ksx {ks=kh; [kcjksa dks tksM+us ds fy, gh dj
fn;k tkrk gSA fganh v[kckj dh ,d i=kdkj
fLerk feJk dk rks ;gk¡ rd ekuuk gS fd
vaxzsth i=kdkjksa dh fLFkfr fganh ls csgrj gSA
54
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
foKkiuksa esa mls lsDl flacy ds :i esa gh vf/kdrj is'k fd;k
tkrk gSA
Hkkjr tSls ns'k esa ;g fLFkfr fparktud blfy, ekuh tkrh
gS D;ksafd ;gk¡ efgykvksa dks lEeku ls ns[kk tkrk FkkA mudh
laLd`fr vkSj lH;rk ds fy, yTtk vkSj okRlY; ds fy,A fdarq
vkt [kkvks fi;ks eLrh djks tSls lans'k dsoy ukfj;ksa ds fy, gh
?kkrd ugh gSa] cfYd iwjs Hkkjrh; lekt ds fy, ;g ?kkrd gSaA
O;olkf;d daifu;k¡ vius fgr iwfrZ gsrq budk xyr mi;ksx dj
jgh gSaA ,d oDr vk,xk tc ,MoMZ lbZn dh psrkouh ge lcdks
;kn vk,xhA vkus okyh ihf<+;ka gels iwNsxha fd geus bruh
rduhd dh mUufr ds ckn Hkh vxyh uLyksa ds fy, ekuoh;
ljksdkjksa dh ubZ igpku dks dgk NksM+ fn;k gS\ vkt ge lc
miHkksDrk dky esa th jgs gSa ;k ;w¡ dfg, cktkjokn ds f'kdkj gSaA
vkt dh loksZPp 'kfDr cktkj gSA ;k ;w¡ dfg, le; dh ;gh ek¡x
gSA izkphu&dky esa dsoy fQYeksa dk izHkko yksxksa ij iM+rk Fkk fdarq
vkt rks Vh-oh- ds tfj, {k.k&{k.k ifjorZu ns[kus dks feyrk gS vkSj
bu foKkiuksa dk izHkko cPpksa vkSj efgykvksa ij tcjnLr ns[kk tk
ldrk gSA b/kj foKkiu ns[kk m/kj ?kj esa pht gkftj gks tkrh gSA
bls ;fn ge ldkjkRed :i ns nsa rks vkt ukjh vius ?kj dks ltkus
ds fy, bu foKkiuksa ds ek/;e ls Lo;a rS;kj gks x;h gSA ;g ckr
vkSj gS fd vHkh ;g ugha le> ldh gS fd D;k t:jh gS vkSj D;k
ugha ysuk\ bls ;fn ehfM;k dh ekj dgsa rks xyr u gksxk! ehfM;k
us gekjh laLd`fr vkSj laLdkjksa dh tM+kas dks fgyk fn;k gSA fj'rksa esa
laosnu'kwU;rk blh ehfM;k dh nsu gSA ,d le; Fkk tc insZ dh
efgykvksa dh os'kHkw"kk vkSj iSny pyus okyh efgykvksa dh os'kHkw"kk]
dkj esa pyus okyh efgykvksa dh os'kHkw"kk vyx gqvk djrh Fkh
fdarq vkt rks ekuks inkZ /kjrh ij mrj vk;k gSA ;gh gS ehfM;k dh
etcwr idM+A vkt efgyk,¡ viuh rjDdh ds fy, fdlh Hkh gn
rd ckgj le>kSrs djus dks rS;kj gSa fdarq ?kj esa ughaA izse izlax
Hkkoukvksa ls gVdj ekSr ds vatke rd igq¡pus dk dkj.k vc
fopkj.kh; gS\ D;k okLro esa blh dks fodkl dh Økafr dgrs gSa\
izHkk"k tks'kh dk er ;gk¡ j[kuk pkgw¡xh& og dgrs gSa ßcktkj euq";
dh fu;fr r; djsxk] mlesa ,d ewy [kksV vkus okyk gS] D;ksafd
cktkj Hkko ls pyrk gS] cktkj uSfrd ewY;ksa ls ugha pyrk vkSj
ewY;ksa ds fcuk fdlh Hkh ekuo lekt dh dYiuk ugha dh tk
ldrhAÞ ekuo&lekt Hkko ls ugha py ldrk] uSfrd ewY;ksa ls gh
pyrk gS rks D;k vkt gj ukjh ehfM;k ls tqM+rs le; vius ewY;ksa
dk [;ky j[kdj gh tqMrh gaS\ ;fn gk¡ gS rks dksbZ nks"k ugha gS fdarq
;fn /ku gsrq vkd"kZ.k gsrq] dk;Z gsrq le>kSrs djrh gS rks ;g mudh
viuh Hkh xyrh ekuh tk;sxh dsoy ehfM;k ftEesnkj ugha gSA
ehfM;k esa dk;Z djuk vkSj mldh pdkpkSa/k ls cpuk gh
ewY; gSA vkt efgyk,¡ QS'ku 'kks ds Li/kkZ esa bl rjg yhu gS fd
?kj [kkyh gS vkSj C;wVh ikyZj] Mkal ckj] gksVy bR;kfn Hkjs gq, gSaA
;g izksRlkgu mUgsa dgka ls feyk ;fn ge lkspsaxs rks mÙkj [kqn&c&[kqn
fey tk;sxkA ehfM;k esa ,slk Hkh ugh ekurh fd pSuyksa ds dk;ZØe
dsoy QS'ku ds gh gksrs gSa fdarq ;g vo'; gS fd vPNs dk;ZØe
f'k{kk laca/kh tjk de yqHkkrs gSa yksxksa dksA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ehfM;k
ds foKkiu] /kkjkokfgd] fQYEksa bR;kfn efgykvksa dks vkdf"kZr
djrh gSaA cfuLcr lekpkj vkSj f'k{kk dk;ZØe dsA ,d le; Fkk
tc 'kkafr ls ?kjksa esa efgyk,¡ vius ifjokj ds fy, D;k mfpr gS]
fopkj djrh FkhaA og Hkwy x;h gS fd mudk ?kj&ifjokj fc[kj jgk
gSA ehfM;k lcdks dk;ZØeksa ds cgkus izn'kZu ds cgkus mUgsa ?kj ls
ckgj [khap jgk gS og Hkwy jgk gS fd fL=k;k¡ tc ckgj fudysaxh rks
lekt ij tkus&vutkus dSls izHkko iMsa+xs\ cjkcj dekus ls ?kj ij
vk;k,¡ jkt djsaxh vkSj cPps ukSdjkuh gh ikysaxh] ftlls cPps mUgsa
vf/kd vius djhc ikdj muls yxko j[ksaxsA pdkpkSa/k dh nqfu;k
esa muds ifr ckgj gh ekSt&eLrh dj vk/kh jkr dks ?kj tc okil
vk;saxs rks ?kj dh uhao Mxexk pqdh gksxh] ifjokj fc[kj tk,xkA
ysfdu ehfM;k dke;kc gks tk,xkA Hkkjr ns'k dh n'kk vkSj fn'kk
fcxM+ x;h ij fdls QdZ iM+rk gS\ lc rks fodkl dh vksj c<+ jgs
gaS og pkgs xanh ukyh ls gksdj tkrk gks ;k ifo=k lksp ls vkxs c<+
jgk gksA c<+uk lcdh fQrjr cu x;h gSA ehfM;k us lcdks c<+us
dk ekSdk fn;k gSA blesa dksbZ lansg ugha gSA miHkksDrkokn ,oa
cktkjokn ds opZLo us ehfM;k ds }kjk gekjh vk¡[kksa ij ,slk ,sud
p<+k fn;k gS efgyk,¡ flQZ vkSj flQZ miHkksx dh oLrq utj vkus
yxh gaSA XYkSej vkfVZdy cudj jg x;h gSaA
1- ehfM;k foe'kZ& MkW- fojsanz flag
2- fo'o ehfM;k cktkj& MkW- jPkw] fQYe i=kdkfjrk& fouksn frokjh]
3- vk/kqfud foKkiu& MkW- ikratfy]
4- ehfM;k foe'kZ] Hkksiky
5- ehfM;k Økafr vkSj efgyk,¡& MkW- deyk jÙkw
lanHkZ xzaFk
v/;{k fganh foHkkx] izk- jked`".k eksjs ,-lh-,l egkfo|ky;] vkdqMhZ] iq.ks
foe'kZehfM;k
55
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
t ls 40&45 o"kZ iwoZ dk le;A rc gekjs thou esa cq)w
cDls us n[ky ugha fn;k FkkA JO; ek/;e jsfM;ks Fkk Hkh
rks vius lhfer gLr{ksi ds lkFk ghA i<+uk ckSf)drk dh fu'kkuh
Fkh rks #fp dk {ks=k HkhA ?kj&ifjokj ds e/; cpiu esa tc lq/k
vkuh 'kq: gqbZ] Lo;a dks dbZ i=k&if=kdkvksa ls f?kjk ik;kA ckcwth
vkSj cM+s HkkbZ;ksa esa O;kIr iBuh;rk vkSj Kku dh yyd us
vyekfj;ksa dks xzaFkksa ls ikV j[kk Fkk] fu;fer if=kdk;sa Hkh de u
FkhaA /keZ;qx] lkIrkfgd fgUnqLrku] uouhr] dknfEcuh] lfjrk]
eqDrk ds lkFk bysLVªsV ohdyh vkWQ bafM;k] jhMlZ MkbtsLV] bafM;k
VqMs tSlh if=kdkvksa dh vFkZ Hkjh mifLFkfr bu if=kdkvksa esa tSl
tknqbZ vkd"kZ.k gksrkA i`"B jaxhu gks vFkok 'osr ';ke] mudk
vkea=k.k dHkh Bqdjk;k u tk ldkA Åaxfy;k¡ epyh iM+rhaA ns[ksa
fd Hkhrj D;k gS\ cM+s HkkbZ lkgc cM+s djhus ls mu if=kdkvksa dks
frfFkokj lgst dj j[kk djrsA ge cPpksa dh Hkh cM+h bPNk gksrh]
vk
D;k dqN fy[k jgh gSa L=kh if=kdk,¡
vkoj.k dFkk-6lqHknzk jkBkSj
foe'kZehfM;k
57
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
bu ij vf/kdkj tek;k tk,A rc le>kbZ'k feyh fd bu
if=kdkvksa ij utj t:j Qsj yks] ij vHkh rd buds yk;d ughaA
rqEgkjs fy, rks pank ekek] uanu] paid] foØe vkSj osrky] QSaVe]
pkpk pkS/kjh] flagklu cÙkhlh vkSj reke dkSfeDl dh nqfu;k gh
dkQh gSA nsj&lcsj foHkktu le> esa vk;k( cM+ksa ds fy, vyx vkSj
cPpksa ds fy, vyx if=kdk,¡A cky if=kdk! Bhd Hkh gSA mez us
;k=kk tkjh j[khA dqN cM+s gq,A dgha ls gkFk yx xbZa if=kdk,¡
x`g'kksHkk] euksjekA cM+s HkkbZ lkgc dh fgVyjh vk¡[kksa us fQj rjsjkA
ß;g rqEgkjs i<+us yk;d if=kdk ughaA [kcjnkj tks bls i<+kAÞ ;s
yks! D;ksa HkkbZ\ cM+ksa ds fy, viuh if=kdk] cPpksa ds fy, cky
if=kdk] rks fQj esjs L=kh gksus ds ckotwn ;g L=kh if=kdk eq>ls nwj
D;ksa\ ;g dksbZ ^ukosy* gS D;k\ fd fcxM+ tkšA esjs ge mez
ikBdksa dks vPNh rjg ;kn gksxk fd ml nkSj esa fQYe ns[kuk vxj
cnpyuh Fkh rks cPps dk [kqjnjs iUuksa okyh eksVh fdrkcsa i<+uk
pfj=kghurk rd dh fu'kkuh FkhA ftl fd'kksj ;k ;qok ds rfd;s ds
uhps og ukWosy feyrk cM+ksa dh Hk`dqfV;k¡ ryokj cu tk;k djrhaA
[kSj] fo"k; ij vk;k tk,A rks] gesa viuh vYgM+ mez esa cM+ksa us
Hkjdj L=kh if=kdkvksa ls nwj j[kkA ij dc rd\ viuk Hkh le;
vk;kA c<+rh mez us o;Ldrk vkSj C;kg ds rksgQs ds lkFk dbZ
fo'ks"k fo'ks"kkf/kdkj lkSaisA muesa ls ,d bu L=kh if=kdkvksa dks
Lora=krk ls i<+us dk feyk vf/kdkj Hkh FkkA i<+k] ns[kk fd vkf[kj
blesa ,slk D;k Fkk fd bUgsa gels fNikdj j[kk x;k\ vkSj ;g Hkh
fd ftl iq#"k iz/kku Hkkjrh; lekt esa Lo;a iq#"k ds fy, i`Fkd
if=kdk ugha gS] fL=k;ksa ds fy, if=kdkvksa dh vPNh [kklh ekStwnxh
gSA tks&tks bUgsa i<+k le> esa vkrk x;k fd D;ksa ;s if=kdk;sa
foHkktu js[kk ds ikj [kM+h gSaA BsB L=kh thou ij dsfUnzr lkefxz;k¡
x`g'kksHkk] euksjek] okek] esjh lgsyh ls ysdj Qsfeuk] oqesUl] bjk
tSlh if=kdk,¡ iq#"k lÙkk dsUnz esa gks vkSj ,d dksuk L=kh if=kdk ds
:i esa fey tk,] jkgr nsus okyh ckr rks gksxh ghA mudk viuk
eap] ftlls og dkQh dqN lk>k dj ldrh gSA viuh ihM+k] vius
nq[k] vius lius] viuk lalkjA mldh [kqf'k;k¡] mldk LokLF;]
mldk ru] mldk eu] mldh my>uA iq#"k ds fy, tks phtsa
vFkZghu vkSj vogsyuh; Fkh] ;gk¡ izeq[krk ikrh FkhaA ;g Hkh le>
esa vk;k fd D;ksa ,d [kkl mez ds ckn blds iUus [kksyus dh
btktr feyrh FkhA D;k ugha Fkk ;gk¡\ ?kj&ifjokj] lkj&laHkky]
ifr] cPps] ckx&cxhpk] jlksbZ] Mªkbax :e ls ysdj L=kh thou ds
furkar futh izlax] laca/k vkSj lsDl HkhA ,sls reke fo"k; ftu ij
ppkZ djuk rc dh L=kh ds fy,] ,dkar esa Hkh f>>d ds dkj.k Fks]
;gk¡ [kqydj ckrsa gksrhaA vk'p;Z dh ckr gS uA ij Hkkjr tSls fiNM+s
ns'k dh L=kh if=kdk;sa iwjs lkgl ds lkFk L=kh dh l[kh cudj [kM+h
gks tkrh FkhA ;s if=kdk;sa mldh lgsyh Fkh] vfHkHkkod Fkha rks xq#
HkhA inkZ u Fkk] if=kdk;sa vius eu dk fu%ladksp ;gk¡ mtkxj Hkh
djrh vkSj euekfQd [kqjkd Hkh ikrhA ;g rks gqbZ fiNyh lnh dh
ckrA vkt dSlh gSa ;s if=kdk,¡\
L=kh 'kfDr fo'ks"kkad ds ifjizs{; esa tc eq>s L=kh
if=kdkvksa dks [kaxkyus dk VkLd feyk eSa nqfo/kk esa iM+ xbZA nqfo/kk
;g fd eSaus rks tkus dc ls bu if=kdkvksa dh vksj >kaduk gh can
dj fn;k FkkA nqfo/kk ds lkFk vk'p;Z Hkh gqvk fd ,slk dc] D;ksa
vkSj dSls gks x;k\ bu if=kdkvksa dks dHkh eSaus viuk lkFkh ekukA
ftuls cM+k jkxkRed laca/k jgkA vkt muls fcYdqy foeq[k\ ;fn
;s L=kh if=kdk;sa gSa rks D;k vc eSa L=kh ugha jghA vFkok os ml
ifjf/k ls ckgj gks xbZ gSa\ tkfgj gS] ,slk dksbZ myVQsj rks gqvk ugha
gSA fQj dkj.k D;k gS\ pfy, fQygky bl iz'u dks ;gha fojke nsrs
gSa vkSj igys ,d utj Mkyrs gSa dqN [kkl L=kh if=kdkvksa ds
uohure vadksa ijA vkdyu ckn esaA
D;ksa jksrk gS cPpk] D;k j[ksa jlksbZ ?kj esa] lej C;wVh VªSaM
2015] vfu;ksftr xHkZ fucVsa ,sls] ek¡ cuuk rks lEeku dh ckr gS&
daxuk jk.kkor] ;ksa gh ugha jksrk cPpk] idoku] NksVh&NksVh rkjhQsa
cM+s&cM+s Qk;nsA vxj ijs'kku djs tka?kksa dk QSV] vkWQ 'kksYMj Mªsl
ls yxsa fcankl] v#.kk 'kkuckx Hkkoukghu thou dk var] vis{kk
nq[k dkj.k rks ugha] tSlh dk;k pkfg, oSlh ikb;s] LdkQZ LVkby]
nkaiR; dk nq'eu beks'kuy vQs;j] Qwy Hkh dkaVsa Hkh] fogaxe]
L=kh 'kfDr fo'ks"kkad ds ifjizs{; esa tc eq>s L=kh if=kdkvksa dks [kaxkyus dk VkLd feyk rks eSa nqfo/kk esa
iM+ xbZA nqfo/kk ;g fd eSaus rks tkus dc ls bu if=kdkvksa dh vksj >kaduk gh can dj fn;k FkkA
nqfo/kk ds lkFk vk'p;Z Hkh gqvk fd ,slk dc] D;ksa vkSj dSls gks x;k\ bu if=kdkvksa dks dHkh viuk
lek ekukA ftuls cM+k jkxkRed laca/k jgkA
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foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
lekpkj n'kZu] lkSUn;Z leL;k,¡] LokLF; lqy>u] O;fDrxr
leL;k,¡] e.Mi ds uhps] ckr tks fny dks Nw xbZ] c<+rs cPpksa dh
ijofj'k pqukSrh ugha vklku] tc tkuk gks jsLVksjsaV NksVs cPpksa ds
lkFk] vkidk cPpk cqfyax dk f'kdkj rks ugha] cPps dks j[krk]
LoLFk ek¡ dk nw/k] vk;k ekSle eLr vnkvksa dk] dFkk lkfgR;
¼la;ksfxrk iqjk.k½] 16osa lky dh dkjxqtkfj;k¡] ekSu fuea=k.kA
bu ckWDl ¼i=k½] vkbfM;kt] vklku gqbZ 'kknh dh rS;kjh]
vkdfLed lsDl] csgrjhu Øwt ij i;ZVu] Lokfn"V vkSj lsgrean
lykn] fdpu esa iq#"k] gk¡] ge ,sls gh gSa] fotsrk lehdj.k] QS'ku]
D;k xM+cM+h gS lans'k okgdksa ds lkFk] vufyfeVsM euksjatu] yach
ikjh ds fy, rS;kj] mEehn dh fdj.k] gjQuekSyk vfHkusrk]
Hkkjrh; ifjokjksa esa lekurk dh nLrd] I;kj] tquwu vkSj ikxyiu]
eankfduh fooknksa dh pgsrh] lkglh MkWDVj] dgkuh ¼flQZ vglkl
gS ;s½] iki dh csVh] fjO;w ¼fdrkc] Vsyhfotu 'kks vkfn ds½] deky
ds vkfQl ,sIl] jgu&lgu] lSj likVk] eqykdkrA
ekulwu QS'ku] VªSaM~l] ekulwu fLdu ds;j fVIl] ekulwu
esdvi] QkLV VªSd ij Lyks gksrh ftanxh] feykoV dk c<+rk cktkj]
D;k vki Hkh ,ythZ ls ijs'kku gSa] fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa lsDl u djsa]
fjys'kuf'ki gsYi ykbu] fj'rkas dks [kwclwjr cuk, j[kus dh
jsfliht] cPpkas dks fl[kk,a f'k"Vkpkj] D;k vki yksu ys jgs gSa\
dSfj;j dh 'kq#vkr esa cpsa bu xyfr;ksa ls] dgkuh ¼vfXuijh{kk]
vfHkus=kh dk ifr] gkbVsd tujs'ku] mRlo eukvks½ QS'ku] js'keh
Qqgkjs] ijEijk] csfelky] fQYe LraHk ¼igyk vQs;j] jkf'kQy]
ukjh LokLF;] lsDl izkWCye] nknh ek¡ dk [ktkuk] vkidh utj] U;w
izksMDV~l½A
LraHk ¼xsLV ,MhVj iksLV cSx] dfork] gsYFk U;wt] isjsafVax
U;wt] oqeu U;wt] VªSoy U;wt] glr&g¡lkbZ½] ykbV~l dSejk] QS'ku]
,sls cu xbZ fel bafM;k] cqLV ;ksj ckWMh bE;wu] ekulwu osfMax]
ekulwu esa cusa LekVZ gkseesdj] jsfliht] dFkk lkxj ¼lkr Qsjksa dh
pqHku] fuEeksa] eSa dqN ugha dj ldrh] ek¡ gh nks"kh D;ksa\½ baVhfj;j]
ykbQ LVkby] Tosyjh] gsYFk] esdvi] Qslcqd ds Qsd Ýs.M~l] LekVZ
LVMh ,i] fny rks cPpk gS th] dqN lquk gS D;k\ ,MYV U;wt] vksoj
izksMfDVo] glcSaM] izhr esa efj;ks u dks;] eEeh ikik dk I;kj]
fjtsD'ku ftUnxh thuk fl[kkrk gS] isjsfUVax] ckWyhoqM] VªSoyA
csM Vkbe LVksjht] ?kj dh Fkkyh] ?kjsyw uqL[ks] tk;dk]
lkfgR; ¼gkml uacj 302] QSlyk] ykSV vkvks f'kf'kj ,oa
dfork,¡½] lkSUn;Z] LokLF;@fQVusl ¼jfuax :Yl½ esaLVqvy
gk;thu] euksfoKku ¼eq>eas gh gS esjh nqfu;k½ csfj;kfVªd ltZjh]
lsgr ij Hkkjh thal] vCLVªfDVo Lyhi ,fIu;k esuksikWt% tc >Vds
ls ckj&ckj [kqys uhan] QS'ku] l[kh bu ckWDl ¼i=k dkWye½ dy vkSj
vkt] gsYFk okp] dkuwu] LekVZ isjsafVax] l[kh dk lkSUn;Z] O;fDrxr
leL;k;sa] eu dh xkBsa] l[kh jsfliht izfr;ksfxrk] dqN rks yksx
dgsaxs] lqusa er xqusa] vkLFkk] nqfu;k bu fnuksa] dqN dgrs gSa flrkjs]
O;fDrRo] gelQj] ys[k&Qhpj ¼lkekftd O;ogkj½ iM+kslh
dSls&dSls] dSail ls&ryk'k ,d vnn :e dh] nkaiR; I;kj esa
vljq{kk dSlh] lkt laHkky& utj u yxs dEI;wVj dks] NksVh&NksVh
ckrsa] LoLFk jgsa ckfj'k dk yqRQ ysa] felky& va/ksjs esa mEehn dh
fdj.k] laca/k tqM+sxk fj'rk /khjs&/khjs] fj'rs ukrs& de gksrs Qklys]
t:jh tkudkjh] vk¡[kksa dk lqj{kk pØ] ;wFk izkWCye] ekWe esjh
ftanxh esa dksbZ gS] ihih,Q&Qk;nsean vkSj lqjf{kr fuos'k] fØ;sfVOg
QaMk] iUuksa ij fi?kyrk rduhd dk fny] vPNk yxrk gS rhljk
csVk] fdM~l dkuZj] dfj;j] ijofj'k] baVhfj;j] i;ZVu] lrdZrk]
fQYe ,sls cuh] v/;kReA
fofo/k ¼Qy dk Qk;nk] usdihl lysD'ku] cM+h vEek
dh lykg] 20 LekVZ vkbfM;k LekVZ ykbQ] chek o lqj{kk
;kstuk;sa½] [kkl ¼Øhe ikmMj] dye] fcx baVjO;w% fV~oady [kUuk
fj;y LVkj½ lkSUn;Z] LokLF; ¼L=kh LokLF;] lsYQ esMhds'ku ls
rkSck½] O;atu] ;ax ekWe Lis'ky ¼;ax ekWe xkbM] csch dh QLVZ
ckbV] ;x ekWe ijQsDV ykbQ] ;ax ekWe dk esdvksoj] csgrj gS
czsLV QhfMax] lks jgk gS ykMyk] rdyhQsa Nwearj] cPps dks rst
cq[kkj] D;ksa Mjrs gSa csch] iksVh Vªsfuax] nkEiR; ¼fyo bu cuke
naifr] eksgCcr txkus ds ea=k½] QS'ku] dgkuh ¼vFkZ&vuFkZ] esjh
lquank] ihgj NwVks tk;] fny us dgk½] fQYe] vkids [kr] u;h
nLrd ¼xaxk dle& eS=ks;h iq"ik½] x`gLFk czãpkjh ¼lsDlksykbftLV]
izdk'k dksBkjh ls iz'uksÙkjh dkWye½] eu dh my>u ¼dkmfUlfyax
lkbDyksftLV ls lykg@iz'uksÙkj½] C;wVh fVIl] lukru pSysat ¼'kknh
vkSj lsDl ij fparu½] y?kq dFkk;sa] ekdZsV eap] Hkfo";Qy] Bgkdk
,Dlizsl] ewoh eSftd] chek o lqj{kk ;kstuk;sa] dfork;sa ¼csfV;k¡]
ckfj'k] bu fnuksa½ cM+h vEek dh lykgA
fpëh vkbZ gS] lekt ds lkFk viusiu] I;kj vkSj lekt
dks rjlrs fdUuj] onhZ okyh efgykvksa dh vuns[kh] laca/kksa ij
tklwlksa dh utj] laLdkjksa dh Mksj ls ca/kk jgs gj ifjokj] dgkuh
¼vxj rqe u gksrs] ixyk xbZ gS Hkxorh] Hkjok¡ cSaxu dk lkfgR; esa
;ksxnku ¼O;aX;½½] gk; eSa 'keZ ls yky gqbZ ¼LraHk½] ek;dk gh
ek;dk] euksjatu] QS'ku dk tyok] vkHkw"k.k] ltsa& dqN bl rjg]
izksMDV fjO;w] QS'ku] fdpu ,Iykbalst Lis'ky] x`gy{eh dkWUVsLV]
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foe'kZehfM;k
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tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
O;atu] LokLF;] nnZ&,&nok ¼'kkjhfjd&ekufld LokLF; lEcU/kh
iz'uksÙkj½] ltk,¡ vkf'k;kuk] ckWyhoqM] ge fdlh ls de ugha]
ckyeu] eerk dk Li'kZ] pgy&igy ¼lekpkj½] gky&,&cktkj
¼izksMDV~l dh lwpuk,¡½] dSls yk,¡ cq>s psgjs ij eqLdku] ek¡ cuke
lklw ek¡] cuk,¡ vklku vkSj vljnkj gkseesM Dyhuj] D;k dgrs gSa
rkjs] lksuh lair] ukjh ds loky vukM+h ds tokc ¼v'kksd pØ/kj
ls iz'uksÙkj dk dkWye½
,d nwts ds gelQj] ekdZsV gypy] VªSoy tjk gVds
Lis'ky] Nqfê;ksa dk lnqi;ksx] xzsV ckWfUMax fon uks Qk;j dqfdax]
eLrh Hkh bUde Hkh] xkMZfuax] tc ?kj esa ctkuk gks ewoh fFk;sVj]
fDot] MkWDVj dh lykg ¼fjys'kuf'ki] xkbuh ½] buQksdl]
ftUnxh dk gj iy ljizkbftax gS] jsxqylZ ¼VkWi xStsV~l] dgkuh]
esjk vuks[kk izseh] O;aX;] e>/kkj% izsetky] esjk igyk izse i=k]
dfork,¡] fdM~l vkWu VkWi] ewoh Vhoh V'ku] D;k dgrs gSa flrkjs]
VkWi gypy] ½] oDr gekjk gS] QS'ku
VªSaM~l] VsLVh O;atu] VkWi C;wVh] Mk;jsDV MkWDVj ls ¼yw dh pisV esa
vki Hkh u tk,¡] izsXusalh ds nkSjku VªSoy] fdM~l ] osyusl]
vke ds vke xqBfy;ksa ds nke] dfj;j] isV~l ds;j] okLrq] igy]
euh ,Mokbt] ,d eqykdkr] lEiknd ds uke i=kA
jsX;qyj dkWyEl ¼bu ckWDl] foaMks 'kkWfiax] eaFku] FkksM+k&lk
:ekuh gks tk,¡] igy] baVhfj;j xq#] cksys rkjs] thus dh dyk½]
esUl dkWuZj ¼iq#"kksa ds 10 Mj½] euh eSustesaV] VªSaMh izksMDV~l]
fØ,fVOgl dqfdax] gsYnh fjys'kuf'ki ¼lsDl ls tqM+s 20 fnypLi
QSDV~l] fjys'kuf'ki xq#% ns ldrs gSa lgh lykg½] MsdksjsfVOgl
vkVZ] vkbfM;y gkse esdj] LekVZ dfj;j] LVkby viMsV] esdvksoj
ea=k] ijofj'k] fVfQu] vkbfM;kt] QknlZ Ms Lis'ky] LVksjh Vkbe]
VªSoy xkbM] Mªhe gkse] XySej oYMZA
C;wVh] fQVusl] fofo/k ¼C;wVh ctV] nsa liuksa dks mM+ku]
eSal xzwfeax fdV] j[ksa ;s C;wVh izksMDV] lSywu Lik okLrq½] gs;j C;wVh]
LraHk ¼lkSUn;Z izlk/ku] lSywu QuhZpj] jkf'kQy] lp D;k gS] C;wVh
,lsljht] gekjs 'kgj esa] U;w C;wVh izksMDV~l] [kwclwjr yksx]
[kwclwjr ckrsa] lkSUn;Z lekpkj] tksDl½] Mkd ls] esdviA
;ksa rks fun'kZu ds fy, irhyh esa [kncnk jgk pkoy dk
,d nkuk dkQh gksrk gS] ij vU;k; D;ksa gks\ L=kh if=kdkvksa ds
uohure vad ds iwjs 13 mnkgj.k vkids le{k gSA D;k fy[kk tk
jgk gS buesa] vki Lor% vkdyu dj ldrs gSaA lkjh if=kdk;sa
deksos'k ogh doj dj jgh gS] ftuls L=kh lalkj dk okLrk gSA gksuk
Hkh pkfg,A budk mn~xe Hkh rks blhfy;s gh gqvk Fkk fd L=kh dks
viuk lPpk lkFkh feysA mís';iwfrZ Hkh gqbZA fdUrq vk'p;Z ;g
ns[kdj gksrk gS fd tc xSj L=kh if=kdkvksa ds lkFk reke eqfnzr
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Q &A
Miracle of Tarot cards
Q & A
+
Ideas (fab food finds inside scoop, belly crawlkolkata cravings, Travel to-dos not without my baby),Fashion, The big story (All hail the new queens, I want tobe the voice of India, its good to be jack of all trades, itsnot just about beauty, winners all the way, swissmissspecial, mix & match (Femina event the making of aDIVA, Style watch of the moment, on the shooping list,Beauty, Exclusives (investigation kids at work, man dwelove. I dont's want to show a cliched India) in every issue(Editor's .................., Tombstone, Alive, What's on
feminain, Inbox, beauty mandate.
A move towards a gender sensitive media.swaraj samvad to keep the march on: Yogendra Yadav,Why good girls fall for bad guys? Tatting tongues,Losses, open a dialogue, hair care, child and sexualcrime, Ostoosarcoma, eat only greens, TN Govt. Shunsthe needs of buildess, Pristine art, Cookery, fashion,Reader's Contests, Your Body, Beauty queries,Personal problems, my family y friends and me,suffering from an existential dilemma, poem, kitchen
queries, Money matters, Classified.
Shades 'N' tresses, beauty notes, face to face,style sense, His voice, Nutrition, Health file, Jobsmart,Busy Body, Bohemian, Features (Life lessons to excelin your 30s, 40s, 50s, How fantasy can ruin your sex life,the rise of the metro sexual single, dad, pamper yourpets this monsoon, slim 'N" trim, Your attention please,fiction), Photo features, In VOGUE Hey beach baby,Interiors, Potluck, Your problems solved, regulars(Beauty buys, mass street, fashion, club rooms, Miss fixit, Bed lime stories, maniman form, corporate affairs,Mindbend, What to do when, clam sutras,Mommynoonics, Takeaway, off the shelf, Leisure,
Events, Shopping guide, coffee table, NW FAVE5'
njvly ftu if=kdkvksa dks ge L=kh if=kdk dgrs gSa os L=kh dk iw.kZ i{k vfHkO;Dr djus eas vkt pwd
jgh gSaA ns[kdj rks ;gh yxrk gS fd mlds n`f"ViFk ij flQZ vkSj flQZ ogh fL=k;k¡ gSa tks x`fg.kh ek=k
gSaA fdarq ;gk¡ iz'u rks mudh rjQ ls Hkh gS] tks x`gf.k;k¡ gSaA
60
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
lalkj le; ds lkFk pyus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk gS] L=kh if=kdk D;ksa
ughaA Lo;a L=kh us izxfr dh vksj dne c<+k, gSaA dkQh vkxs pyh
xbZ gSaA ,sls esa mldh l[kh ds iSj D;ksa fBBds gq, gSaA pedhys]
fLuX/k] XySejl vkoj.k i`"B ds lkFk Hkhrj iUus Hkh vkd"kZd gSa] tks
rduhdh ds deky gSa vU;Fkk izLrqr gks jgs fo"k;ksa esa D;k varj gSA
vkjafHkd if=kdk dk dksbZ Hkh vad ;fn frfFk cnydj iqu% izdkf'kr
dj fn;k tk, rks ,dckjxh igpku ikuk eqf'dy gksxk fd ;g
fiNyh lnh dh if=kdk gS vFkok vkt dhA cksry ogh] 'kjkc oghA
ogh ?kj ckj] fdpu] Mªkbax:e] cSM:e] ckx&cxhps] ifr]
cky&cPps] futh LokLF;] lkSUn;Z] QS'ku] fQYe] tksDl] xkWfil]
Hkfo";Qy] fj'rs&ukrs] my>u&lqy>u vkfn bR;kfnA dqN
fxuh&pquh if=kdk,¡ gSa ftuesa ubZ vkSjr dk vDl >k¡drk gSA og Hkh
csgn datwlh ds lkFkA L=kh&if=kdkvksa dh :f<+okfnrk] ladqfpr
n`f"Vdks.k vkSj nsgjh ds Hkhrj fleVs jgus dh ftn us L=kh ds cMs+ ?kM+s
dks buls nwj dj fn;kA Vsyhfotu vkSj euksjatu txr gh nks"kh ugha
gS fd L=kh&if=kdkvksa dh ikfBdkvksa us buls eq¡g eksM+k gSA nks"k bu
if=kdkvksa dk Hkh gSA nks"k ;g fd L=kh dh if=kdk gksus dk nkok
djrh ;s if=kdk;sa L=kh thou dks eap rks ns jgh gS] ij ;g eap cgqr
ttZj gS] iqjkuk gS bls iqufuZekZ.k dh vko';drk gSSA Hkkjr fiNM+k
ns'k Fkk vkt fodkl'khy ns'k gSA ;gk¡ dh fL=k;k¡ Hkh rsth ls fodkl
dj jgh gSaA cgqla[;k fL=k;k¡ pkjnhokjh ls ckgj vk pqdh gaS] vk jgh
gSa] muds fy, flQZ vpkj&cM+h&ikiM+] ifr] cPps] ?kj&vkaxu gh
vFkZoku ugha gSaA lksfu;k xka/kh] t;yfyrk] eerk cSuthZ] ek;korh]
lq"kek Lojkt] olqU/kjk jkts] v:a/kfr Hkêkpk;Z] bfUnjk uwbZ] pank
dkspj] dYiuk pkoyk] lquhrk fofy;El] fdj.k csnh] esjhdkWe ls
ysdj ,d efgyk vkWVks pkyd rd] buds fy, D;k flQZ
cuko&J`axkj ;k jslhiht gh lgk;d gksaxsA vkt dk L=kh lalkj flQZ
ikfjokfjd gh ugha] jktuhfrd] lkekftd] vkfFkZd] oSKkfud]
iz'kklfud] 'kS{kf.kd] vk/;kfRed vkfn leLr cgqvk;keh {ks=kksa
dks Nwrk gSA muds thou L=kh if=kdkvksa dh utj ls vks>y D;ksa gSa\
njvly ftu if=kdkvksa dks ge L=kh if=kdk dgrs gSa os
L=kh dk iw.kZ i{k vfHkO;Dr djus eas vkt pwd jgh gSaA ns[kdj rks
;gh yxrk gS fd mlds n`f"ViFk ij flQZ vkSj flQZ ogh fL=k;k¡ gSa
tks x`fg.kh ek=k gSaA fdarq ;gk¡ iz'u rks mudh rjQ ls Hkh gS] tks
x`gf.k;k¡ gSaA ,slh fL=k;k¡ tks dkedkth ugha gS] ?kjsyw gSa] gkmlokbZQ
gSa] mudh nqfu;k Hkh bruh fleVh gqbZ rks ugha gS] ftruh bu
if=kdkvksa us lesV j[kh gSaA cfYd dbZ ckj x`fgf.k;k¡ dkedkth
fL=k;ksa ij chl iM+rh gSaA vius vuqHko] Kku] ltxrk o
vk/kqfudrk ds vk/kkj ijA lqf'kf{krkvksa ds fy, flykbZ] d<+kbZ]
cqukbZ gh ^vPNh L=kh* dh rqyuk ugha jg xbZ gSA mUgsa Hkh [kqyh
f[kM+dh pkfg,A os Hkh vkdk'k ns[krh gSa] mUgsa Hkh ns'k&nqfu;k dh
fpark gSA L=kh if=kdkvksa esa laiknd dh dye Fkke jgh ukephu
fL=k;ksa elyu gsek ekfyuh] uhye uank] izxfr xqIrk] efj;e
ekDeu esF;q] rcLlqe] lqjfHk vkuan] lk/kuk ikgok] rkU;k pSrU;k
vkfn ls iz'u gS fd D;k os Lo;a bu if=kdkvksa ds ckotwn ekStwnk
QkeZsV ls larq"V gSaA D;k mudh O;fDrxr :fp;ksa dks ;gk¡ r`fIr
feyrh gSA ;gk¡ rd fd ^ * uke ls izdkf'kr gks jgh
L=kh if=kdk Hkh uohurk ds uke ij D;k ijksl jgh gSA nksgjkus dh
vko';drk ughaA ¼ns[ksa Øekad 13 esa mYysf[kr fcanqvksa dh vksj½
varr% vkdyu ds lkFk dFku dh ps"Vk ;g fd eSa vkt
dh L=kh if=kdkvksa dks oLrqr% [kkfjt ugha dj jghA budh
mifLFkfr fL=k;ksa ds fy, vkt Hkh vge gSA Hkkjrh; ifjn`'; esa
fodkl ds ckotwn L=kh dh ihM+k,¡] mldh futrk] mlds O;fDrxr
iz'u vkSj ?kj&ifjokj dh ftEesnkjh] tl dh rl gSA if=kdk mudh
ennxkj vkt Hkh gS fdarq ckr ugha( FkksM+k gS FkksM+s dh vkSj t:jr gSA
cnyrs nkSj] cnyrh L=kh ds lkFk mldh lafxuh dks Hkh cnyuk
pkfg,A cnyko bruk rks gks fd if=kdk vk/kh&v/kwjh u yxs( og
;fn L=kh lalkj dk izfrfuf/kRo djrh gS rks iw.kZ ^vk/kh vkcknh* dk
djsA vk/kh vkcknh dks Hkh vk/kk djds] mldk fjizstsUVs'ku D;ksa\
bl vksj lkspus dh vko';drk gS!
1- x`g'kksHkk] twu ¼f}rh;½] 2015
2- Qsfeuk] twu] 2015
3- esjh lgsyh] tqykbZ] 2015
4- esjh ltuh] tqykbZ] 2015
5- tkxj.k l[kh] tqykbZ] 2015
6- ouhrk] tqykbZ] 2015
7- x`gy{eh] tqykbZ] 2015
8- oqeu vkWu VkWi] twu] 2015
9- gkse esdj] twu] 2015
10- lquank] tqykbZ] 2015
11- twu 16] 2015
12- twu ¼ ½] 2015
13- twu] 2015
New Women
Femina,
Women's Era, II
New Women,
lanHkZ
ysf[kdk 'kkldh; NÙkhlx<+ egkfo|ky;] jk;iqj esa fganh dh izk/;kid gSa
rFkk ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* ds laiknd eaMy dh lnL; gSaA
foe'kZehfM;k
61
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
fM;k dk efgyk isze mtkxj gks pqdk gS ;kuh ehfM;k ds
eBk/kh'kksa }kjk ehfM;k gkml esa efgyk i=kdkjksa ds lkFk
'kks"k.k dh ckr vc vke gks pyh gS vkSj bls vke fd;k gS lks'ky
ehfM;k usA ehfM;k esa efgykvksa ds izos'k ds uke ij 'kks"k.k dh
dgkfu;ka lks'ky ehfM;k ds vkus ds ckn lqukbZ tksj 'kksj ls iM+us
yxh gSA oSlh efgyk i=kdkj tks gj gky esa txg ikuk pkgrh gSA os
ehfM;k ds eBk/kh'kksa ds pqxay esa vklkuh ls vk tkrh gSaA ogha]
[kkfe;ktk oSlh efgyk i=kdkjksa dks mBkuk iM+rk gS tks vius ne
ij vkrh gSaA ehfM;k eBk/kh'k vius >kals esa ysus dh iqjtksj dksf'k'k
djrs gSa vkSj r#.k rstiky tSlksa dh dgkuh nqgjkbZ tkrh gSA gkykr
;g gS fd ehfM;k ds efgyk isze dh pisV esa dbZ rstikyksa dh iksy
[kqyrh gh tk jgh gSA
lcls cM+k loky ;g gS fd ehfM;k esa D;ksa gks jgk gS ;kSu
'kks"k.k\ ehfM;k ij dkfct iq#"k lÙkk] efgykvksa dks ehfM;k gkml
esa txg nsus esa izkfnZ'krk ugha cjruk gSA tqxkM+ ;k fQj laqnjrk dk
iSekuk L=kh foe'kZ ij loky [kM+k dj tkrk gSA ehfM;k esa txg
fnyokus ds ,ot esa ;k fQj dk;Z ds nkSjku viuh efgyk lgdfeZ;ksa
dks izrkfM+r dj ;kSu 'kks"k.k ds tky esa Qalk;k tkuk vke gks x;k
gSA badkj djus ij ckgj dk jkLrk fn[kk fn;k tkrk gSA gkykafd
ekeyk dk [kqyklk gksus ls dbZ iq#"k i=kdkjksa dks ukSdjh ls gkFk Hkh
/kksuk iM+k gSA futh ehfM;k ds lkFk gh lkFk ljdkjh ehfM;k esa Hkh
;kSu 'kks"k.k ds NhaVs iM+s gSaA nwjn'kZu vkSj vkWy bafM;k jsfM;ks esa dke
dj jgh efgykdfeZ;ksa dh f'kdk;rksa dh xawt lwpuk ,oa izlkj.k
ea=kky; gksrs v[kckjksa rd igqaphA ehfM;k esa ;kSu 'kks"k.k ds ?ksjs esa
NksVs cM+s lHkh i=kdkj vk;s gSaA 'kks"k.k djus vkSj gksus okyksa esa nksuksa
igyw xokg cus gSaA ;gak uke fxukus dh t:jr ugha gSA loky gS
vkf[kj D;ksa\ rks ekeyk ehfM;k dk pdkpkSa/k dk gS ;k fQj dSfj;j
dk ;k efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh dk de gksuk\ iq#"koknh lekt ds
izHkqRo dk [kkfe;ktk efgykvksa dks gh Hkqxruk iM+rk gS D;ksafd
efgyk,a Hkh ehfM;k esa vkus ds ckn dSfj;j ds izfr fpafrr gksrh gSa
vkSj ,d ckj f'kdkj gksrh gS rks ckj ckj ?ksjus dh dksf'k'k iq#"k
izHkqRo djrk gSA
ehfM;k ds jk"Vªh; losZ ls irk pyrk gS fd jk"Vªh;
ehfM;k esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh 17 izfr'kr gS] vaxzsth ehfM;k esa
vis{kkd`r efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh Bhd gS] tcfd vaxzsth
bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k esa budh Hkkxhnkjh larks"ktud gSA vxj
ehfM;k gkml esa efgyk i=kdkjksa dh Hkkxhnkjh iq#"kksa ds cjkcj gks
tk;s vkSj f'k[kj ij efgyk dkfct gks rks ;kSu 'kks"k.k ij vadq'k
yx ldrk gSA ehfM;k ds ped ned ls ;qofr;ka f[kaph pyh vkrh
gSaA vkSj gj gky esa txg ikus dh gksM+ mUgsa ;kSu 'kks"k.k dh vksj
/kdsy nsrk gSA ogha dSfj;j dh Hkh yyd gksrh gS tks L=kh vf/kdkj
ds fy, tk;t gSA efgykvksa dks Hkh ehfM;k ykbu esa vkuk pkfg;sA
vk Hkh jgh gS ysfdu tkfr o tqxkM+ ra=k ls izos'k ikus okyh
efgykvksa ls mu efgykvksa dks [krjk gS tks lgh ek;us esa ,d
i=kdkj dh Hkwfedk esa dqN djus dh yyd ds lkFk vkrh gSA tcfd
nwljh /kkjk dh ;kuh QS'ku&iS'ku&tkfr&tqxkM+ ds rgr vkus okyh
efgykvksa ls fLFkfr;ka cnjax gks tkrh gS vkSj loky ds ?ksjs esa lc
dqN vkus yxrk gSA blesa ljdkjh o xSj ljdkjh nksuksa ehfM;k
'kkfey gSA tkfr dke ugha vk;h rks tqxkM+&iSjoh dks lh<+h cuk
fy;k tkrk gSA bls ysdj ppsZ Hkh gksrs gSaA
ehfM;k ds efgyk isze ls mRiUu loky L=kh foe'kZ
vkanksyu ls ekQh pkgrk gSA gkykr ;g gS fd ehfM;k esa efgyk isze
dh ?kVuk ls efgyk,a bl {ks=k esa vkus ls drjkus yxh gSa rks ogha
vfHkHkkod Hkh nwljs {ks=k esa Hkstus dh lykg nsrs gSaA ogha bl nyny
esa ,d ckj tks Qal tkrh gS mlds fy, fudy ikuk eqf'dy lk gks
tkrk gSA dbZ thoar mnkgj.k gSaA ,slh efgyk i=kdkj dks ysdj
vkbZus esa nsf[k;s viuk Hkh psgjkloky ;g gS fd ehfM;k esa ,sls gkykr D;ksa iSnk gksrs tk jgs gSa fd bl is'ks ls tqM+s yksxksa
dks tku nsus dh ukScr rd vk x;h gSA njvly i=kdkfjrk dh nqfu;k ckgj ls ftruh
[kwclwjr] HkO; vkSj XySejl fn[krh gS vUnj ls mruh gh cnjax gSA [kklrkSj ls Vhoh
i=kdkjksa dh rks csgn cqjh gkyr gSA
eh
vkoj.k dFkk-7lat; dqekj
62
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
ehfM;k esa QqlQqlkgV o lqxcqxkgV gksus yxrh gSA ckr ,d 'kgj
ds ,d ehfM;k gkml dh gSA ,d NksVs ls dLcs ls vk;h ;qorh us
ehfM;k gkÅlksa dk pDdj yxk;kA fdlh rjg mls ,d txg dke
feyk rks dqN gh fnuksa esa mlds ckWl ds djhch gksus dks ysdj ppkZ
vke gks x;hA ,slk ugha fd lHkh ehfM;k gkml vkSj lHkh iq#"k o
efgyk i=kdkj ,d tSls gksrs gksA
;kSu 'kks"k.k ls tqM+s T;knkrj ekeys lsVsykbV pSuyksa ls gaSA
Vhoh ij vkus dh yyd ;k dSfj;j ds fy, ehfM;k esa vkus okyh
efgyk i=kdkjksa dks FkksM+h nsj ds fy, foo'k rks cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
ysfdu dbZ ekeyksa esa dgkuh dqN vkSj gksrh gSA iq#"k lh<+h curs gS
rks ogha ikoj ds bLrseky ls efgyk,a tgak vkxs vkrh gS ogha tks
lgh ek;us esa ehfM;k dks dSfj;j cukus okyh efgyk i=kdkjksa dks
la?k"kZ djuk iM+rk gSA efgyk i=kdkj f'kdk;r djuk pkgrh gS rks
mls jksdk tkrk gS lkFk gh efgyk lgdehZ mls ,slk djus ls jksdrh
Hkh gSA i=kdkfjrk txr esa ;kSu fgalk ;k 'kks"k.k ds ekeys ij
chchlh dk lkHkkj ysdj vk/kh vkcknh us vius osclkbV ij 26
uoacj] 2013 dks ;g iksLV izdkf'kr fd;k tks gdhdr c;ka djrh
gSA
-----^iwjh nqfu;k ls loky iwNus okys] cjkcjh vkSj lp dh
yM+kbZ yM+us okys i=kdkj] ftuds dke dh vki cgqr bTtr djrs
gSa] tc muesa ls gh dksbZ viuh efgyk lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk nqO;Zogkj
djs rks ;s cgqr nq[knk;h vkSj fujk'kktud gksrk gSA vius vuqHkoksa
dks chchlh ls lk>k djrs gq, i=kdkj #fDe.kh lsu dgrh gSa fd
fdlh ehfM;k laLFkk esa rkdroj in ij igqapus ds ckn dksbZ iq#"k
vxj vius fl)karksa dks rkd ij j[k ns rks ;s efgykvksa dks cgqr
grksRlkfgr djrk gSA 18 lky ls i=kdkfjrk dj jgha #fDe.kh ds
eqrkfcd tc viuh ukSdjh dks rkd ij j[kdj dksbZ efgyk vius
ls ofj"B lgdehZ ds f[kykQ f'kdk;r djus dh fgEer tqVkrh Hkh
gS] rks ml oä T;knkrj iq#"k lgdehZ muds lkFk ugha [kM+s gksrs gSaA
rks D;k yksdra=k dk pkSFkk LraHk ekus tkus okys i=kdkfjrk txr esa
;kSu fgalk ;k 'kks"k.k ds ekeys mrus gh vke gSa ftrus vkSj {ks=kksa esa\
fiNys dqN eghuksa esa dke dh txg ij ;kSu 'kks"k.k ds dbZ ekeys
lkeus vk, tSls nwjn'kZu vkSj vkWy bafM;k jsfM;ks esa dke dj jgh
efgykdfeZ;ksa dh f'kdk;r] lu Vhoh dh ,d efgykdehZ ,l
vfdyk dk ekeyk vkSj vc rgydk if=kdk ds laiknd r#.k
rstiky ds f[kykQ ;kSu fgalk dh f'kdk;rA
chchlh ls ckrphr esa ,l vfdyk us crk;k fd lu Vhoh
esa dke djrs gq, tc muds lhfu;j us muls v'yhy ckrsa djuh
'kq: dha rks dbZ efgyk lgdfeZ;ksa us gh mUgsa f'kdk;r djus ls euk
fd;kA vfdyk us dgk] n¶rj esa oks 'k[l ,sls crkZo dbZ efgykvksa
ds lkFk lkyksa ls djrs vk jgs Fks] ysfdu ukSdjh pys tkus ds Mj ls
fdlh us f'kdk;r ugha dh] eq>s Hkh lcus euk fd;k] ysfdu esjs
fy, ;s djuk t:jh FkkA vfdyk dh f'kdk;r ds ckn ,d vU;
ekeys esa vuq'kklukRed dkjZokbZ ds rgr mUgsa lLisaM dj fn;k
x;kA ij vfdyk ds eqrkfcd ;s mudh f'kdk;r dh otg ls fd;k
x;kA mudh f'kdk;r ds ckn lqizhe dksVZ }kjk tkjh fd, x, fn'kk
funsZ'k ds rgr ,d f'kdk;r desVh dk xBu Hkh gqvk] ysfdu
QSlyk muds gd esa ugha vk;kA nks eghus igys lfefr us viuh
fjiksVZ esa dgk fd vfdyk us ftu /kefd;ka vkSj v'yhy ckrksa ds
vkjksi yxk, gSa] oks Qksu ij fn, x, ;kuh oks dk;ZLFky ij ugha gq,
blfy, mu ij dksbZ dkjZokbZ ugha dh tk ldrhA vfdyk vc
ukSdjh dh ryk'k esa gSaA ;s t:j gS fd ftl 'k[l ds f[kykQ mUgksaus
f'kdk;r dh] mUgksaus vc lu Vhoh ls bLrhQk ns fn;k gSA f'kdk;r
ds ckn Hkh izrkM+uk] Hkkjr esa dke dj jgh efgyk i=kdkjksa ds
laxBu ^usVodZ QkWj oqesu bu ehfM;k bu bafM;k* dh jk"Vªh;
la;kstd vkSj i=kdkj y{eh ewfrZ ekurh gSa fd i=kdkj gksus dh
otg ls efgyk,a viuh ckr dgus esa T;knk l{ke eglwl djrh gSa]
ysfdu mudh f'kdk;r ij dSlk vey gksxk bldk vuqHko cgqr
vPNk ugha jgk gSA
lqizhe dksVZ }kjk tkjh fd, x, fn'kk&funsZ'kksa ds rgr
dk;ZLFky ij ;kSu 'kks"k.k dh f'kdk;r fd, tkus ij laLFkk dh
ftEesnkjh gS fd oks ,d f'kdk;r desVh dk xBu djs ftldh
v/;{krk ,d efgyk djs] mldh vk/kh ls T;knk lnL; efgyk,a gksa
vkSj mlesa ;kSu 'kks"k.k ds eqís ij dke dj jgh fdlh ckgjh
xSj&ljdkjh laLFkk dh ,d izfrfuf/k Hkh 'kkfey gksA chchlh ls
ckrphr esa y{eh us dgk] ;kSu 'kks"k.k ij lqizhe dksVZ ds
fn'kk&funsZ'k vkSj vc dkuwu cuuk efgyk vkanksyu dh ,d cM+h
lQyrk gS] ysfdu vc Hkh 80&90 Qhlnh ehfM;k n¶rjksa esa
f'kdk;r desfV;ka ugha cukbZ xbZ gSa vkSj uk gh muds lnL; lgh
rjhds ls fu;qä fd, tkrs gSaA y{eh ds eqrkfcd f'kdk;r ds ckn
Hkh efgykvksa ls gh loky iwNs tkrs gSa] mudh lPpkbZ ij 'kd fd;k
tkrk gS vkSj mUgsa ,d fnDdr iSnk djus okyh deZpkjh ekuk tkus
yxrk gS ftldh otg ls mUgsa dke ds dbZ vPNs ekSdksa ls eg:e
fd;k tkrk gSA
Hkkjr ljdkj us blh lky dk;ZLFky ij ;kSu 'kks"k.k ds
f[kykQ ,d dkuwu ikfjr fd;kA blds rgr dk;ZLFky dh
foe'kZehfM;k
63
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
ifjHkk"kk flQZ n¶rj rd lhfer ugha j[kh xbZ gS vkSj blesa
vlaxfBr {ks=k esa dke dj jgh efgykvksa dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k x;k
gSA u, dkuwu dk ikyu uk djus ij daiuh ds ekfyd dks 50]000
#i, rd dk tqekZuk Hkh nsuk iM+ ldrk gSA lkHkkj& chchlh fganhA
vfdyk] y{eh dh dgkuh dk nksgjko tkjh gSA 7 tqykbZ
2014 dks HkM+kl4ehfM;k ij izdkf'kr ofj"B i=kdkj lanhi Bkdqj
dk vkys[k pkSadkrk gSA ehfM;k esa efgykvksa ds lkFk gksrs ;kSu
'kks"k.k dh iksy [kqy tkrk gSA
---?kVuk 22 twu] 2014 dh gSA jfookj gksus ds dkj.k eSa
?kj ij gh Fkk rHkh ,d lkFkh dk Qksu vk;kA mlus crk;k fd
Vhvkjih ds jsl esa vOoy vkus dks vkrqj U;wt pSuy bafM;k Vhoh
dh ,d toku o [kwclwjr ,adj us dk;kZy; esa gh tgj [kkdj tku
nsus dk iz;kl fd;kA ehfM;k van#uh gkykr ls vPNh rjg okfdQ
gksus ds dkj.k ;g [kcj lqu eq>s dksbZ gSjkuh ugha gqbZ] ysfdu ns[kus
tkuus dh mRlqdrk t#j gqbZ fd vkf[kj ektjk gS D;k\ QkSju Vhoh
vku fd;k vkSj ,d&,d dj reke U;wt pSuy [kaxky Mkys] ysfdu
,adj dh vkRegR;k dh [kcj dgha ugha fn[khA vxys fnu dqN
v[kckjksa us vUnj ds iUuksa ij flaxy dkWye [kcj Nih FkhA fy[kk
Fkk ,d U;wt pSuy dh ,adj us vius ckWlst dh gjdrksa ls ijs'kku
gksdj dk;kZy; esa gh tgj [kkdj tku nsus dk iz;kl fd;kA Nih
[kcjksa esa uk rks pSuy dk uke Fkk vkSj uk gh ml ,adj dk ftlus
tgj [kk;kA Hkyk gks lks'ky ehfM;k dk ftlus pSuy o ,adj nksuksa
ds uke rLohjsa izeq[krk ls Nki ehfM;k txr dks bl ?kVuk dh
tkudkjh nsus dk QtZ iwjk fd;k FkkA ,adj ruq 'kekZ }kjk tku nsus
dk iz;kl vke yksxksa ds fy, ,d lkekU; ?kVuk gks ldrh gS ysfdu
ehfM;k txr ds fy, ;g ,d cM+h ?kVuk ekuh tk,xhA pw¡fd ;g
?kVuk bafM;k Vhoh ds drkZ/krkZ ds pSuy ls tqM+h gS blfy, nc
x;hA ;fn vkRegR;k dk iz;kl djus okyh efgyk fdlh vU; is'ks
ls tqM+h gksrh rks pSuy okyksa us mldk] mlds ifjokj dk vkSj lkFk
gh dk;kZy; okyksa dk thuk gjke dj fn;k gksrkA
loky ;g gS fd ehfM;k esa ,sls gkykr D;ksa iSnk gksrs tk
jgs gSa fd bl is'ks ls tqM+s yksxksa dks tku nsus dh ukScr rd vk x;h
gSA njvly i=kdkfjrk dh nqfu;k ckgj ls ftruh [kwclwjr] HkO;
vkSj XySejl fn[krh gS vUnj ls mruh gh cnjax gSA [kklrkSj ls
Vhoh i=kdkjksa dh rks csgn cqjh gkyr gSA yxHkx nks n'kd dh
i=kdkfjrk ds dSfj;j esa esjh tkudkjh esa dbZ ,sls ekeys vk, gSaA
,d U;wt pSuy gS ftldk dk;kZy; dqN ekg igys gh uks,Mk fQYe
flVh ls f'k¶V gksdj xzsVj uks,Mk pyk x;k gSA pSuy ds vkyh'kku
vkSj HkO; dk;kZy; ds vUnj D;k&D;k gksrk gS blds fdLls vDlj
ckgj vkrs jgrs gSaA efgyk i=kdkjksa ds 'kks"k.k ds vf/kdka'k fdLls
blh pSuy ls tqM+s gSaA
dqN o"kZ igys ,d lTtu bl pSuy esa ,adj FksA
vktdy os jkr ds ukS cts ds vkl&ikl fdlh nwljs pSuy ij
Hkk"k.k nsrs gq, ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA bl ,adj us dbZ efgyk i=kdkjksa
dks Vgyk;k ?kqek;kA ,d ckj rks iqfyl us uks,Mk fQYe flVh esa gh
mudh dkj esa ,d efgyk i=kdkj ds lkFk mUgsa jaxs gkFkksa idM+k FkkA
ekeyk pSuy ls tqM+k gksus ds dkj.k jQk&nQk gks x;k FkkA blh
pSuy esa ,d vU; lTtu ,DthD;qfVo izksMîwlj FksA bUgksaus
i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa dSfj;j cukus vkbZ dbZ bUVuZ ij viuh
enkZuxh dk Hkjiwj izn'kZu fd;kA ysfdu ,d bUVuZ ncax fudyhA
mlus ncaxbZ ds lkFk izksMîwlj egksn; dk xyk idM+ fy;k vkSj
'kknh djus ij etcwj dj fn;kA igys ls 'kknh'kqnk izksMîwlj
egksn; dh ,d ugha pyh vkSj viuh mez ls rdjhcu 18 lky
NksVh yM+dh dks viuh iRuh cukuk iM+kA
dbZ U;wt pSuyksa esa crkSj jktuhfrd lEiknd dke dj
pqds ,d ,sls i=kdkj dks eSa tkurk gwa ftudh iRuh Hkh blh is'ks esa
gSaA iRuh rstrjkZj gS vkSj mls i=kdkfjrk esa cxSj dkcfy;r ds vkxs
c<+us ds lkjs xqj irk gSaA vkt pSuyksa esa bl eksgrjek dh fxurh Hkh
cM+s i=kdkjksa esa gksrh gSA bldk irk mlds ifr dks Hkh gS ysfdu os
pqi gSaA gfj;k.kk esa izeq[krk ls ns[ks tkus okys ,d {ks=kh; pSuy dh
,d ,adj fiz;k flag us dqN o"kZ igys vkRegR;k dj yh FkhA ;g
?kVuk flrEcj 2007 dh gSA fcgkj dh jguh okyh fiz;k us
vkRegR;k djus ls igys ,d i=k esa blds fy, vius lhfu;j
ckWlst dks ftEesnkj crk;k FkkA fiz;k us vius lqlkbZM uksV esa fy[kk
Fkk fd bu nksuksa ds 'kks"k.k ls ijs'kku gksdj tku nsus ij etcwj gksuk
iM+ jgk gSA ekeys dh tkap pyh ysfdu ehfM;k ls tqM+k gksus ds
dkj.k vUrr% ekeyk jQk&nQk gks x;kA
i=kdkfjrk esa efgykvksa dk 'kks"k.k dksbZ ubZ ckr ugha gSA
dbZ efgyk i=kdkj Hkh iq#"k dk 'kks"k.k djus ls ckt ugha vkrhaA
rdjhcu rhl o"kZ igys nwjn'kZu ,dykSrk pSuy gqvk djrk FkkA
mu fnuksa nwjn'kZu esa efgyk i=kdkjksa dh la[;k vPNh [kklh FkhA
,d efgyk fjikVZj Fkh tks dke/kke dqN ugha djrh ysfdu osru
iwjk mBkrh FkhA ,d fnu mlds ckWl us ml efgyk fjiksVZj ls dgk
fd ,sls dc rd pysxkA vki vkfQl vkrh ugha gks vkSj lSyjh iwjh
64
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
mBkrh gksA ml efgyk fjiksVZj us vf/kdkjh ls dgk fd vkidks irk
gS fd dqN yksx cqf)cy ls ukSdjh ikrs gSa rks dqN ckgqcy lsA eSaus --
-----ls ukSdjh ikbZ gSA eSa rqEgkjs ckWl dks vHkh rqEgkjh f'kdk;r dj
nwa rks 'kk;n rqe bl dqlhZ ij dy ls fn[kksxs ughaA ;g lqu
vf/kdkjh lUu jg x;kA
efgykvksa ds 'kks"k.k dh ckr [kq'koUr flag dh ppkZ ds
cxSj v/kwjh jg tk,xhA [kq'koUr flag dk uke i=kdkfjrk txr esa
csgn lEeku ds lkFk fy;k tkrk gSA ysfdu [kq'koUr flag us mu
efgykvksa dks lnSo dkeqd utj ls ns[kkA ;g eSa ugha dg jgk cfYd
mUgksaus ;g ckr viuh iqLrd esa [kqn Lohdkjh gSA xr o"kZ izdkf'kr
[kq'koUrukek% n ySlal vkWQ ekbZ ykbQ uked iqLrd esa mUgksaus
fy[kk gS fd eSa ges'kk v¸;k'k O;fä jgkA 4 o"kZ dh mez ls 97 o"kZ
rd v¸;k'kh ges'kk esjs fnekx esa jghA eSaus dHkh Hkkjrh; fl)kUrksa
esa fo'okl ugha fd;k fd eSa efgykvksa dks viuh eka] cgu ;k csVh
ds #i esa lEeku nwaA mudh tks Hkh mez gks] esjs fy;s os ;kfu efgyk,a
flQZ okluk dh oLrq Fkh vkSj jgsaxhA viuh ,d vU; iqLrd
lu&lSV Dyc esa rks mUgksaus ;gka rd fy[kk gS fd tc os yksnh xkMsZu
esa Vgyrs Fks rks ogka fLFkr bekjr dh xqEcn mUgsa efgykvksa ds Lru
dh ;kn fnykrh FkhA
uhjk jkfM;k ds mYys[k fd fcuk i=kdkfjrk txr esa QSys
xa/k dh ckr iwjh ugha gks ldrhA uhjk jkfM;k dk vlyh uke uhjk
'kekZ gSA dsU;k esa tUeh o yUnu esa iyh c<+h uhjk dh 'kknh xqtjkrh
QkbusUlj tud jkfM;k ls gqbZ FkhA mlds ckn gh os uhjk jkfM+;k
cu x;haA ifr ls vucu gksus ds ckn os Hkkjr vkbZ vkSj lcls igys
mudh nksLrh gfj;k.kk fnoaxr eq[;ea=kh jko fojsUnz flag ds iksrs
/khjt flag ls gqbZA ;gha ls ns'k ds jktuhfrd xfy;kjs esa mudk
izos'k 'kq: gqvkA jktx ljdkj esa ukxj foekuu ea=kh jgs vuUr
dqekj dh os pgsrh FkhaA bruh pgsrh fd yads'k if=kdk us muds ckjs
esa iwjk fo'ks"kkad gh fudky fn;k FkkA eaf=k;ksa] m|ksxifr;ksa]
vQlj'kkgksa] Vhoh pSuyksaa] vkfFkZd o vaxzsth v[kckjksa ds lEikndksa
ls uhjk jkfM;k ds izxk<+ lEcU/k cusA brus izxk<+ fd uhjk jkfM+;k
;g r; djus yxh fd ;wih, 2 esa fdls ea=kh cukuk gS fdls ughaA
ns'k ftl ehfM;k ls lPpkbZ] lkgl vkSj la?k"kZ dh mEehn
djrk gS ml ehfM;k dh vfr egRokdka{kh lEikndksa o pan efgyk
i=kdkjksa us ,slh dh rSlh djds j[k nhA bl is'ks esa ,sls&,sls yksx vk
x;s gSa ftuds fy, uSfrdrk] bZekunkjh vkSj esgur dk dksbZ eksy
ugha gSA dksbZ dke ugha lw> jgk rks i=kdkj cu tkvksA vkt nwf/k;k
ls ysdj izkiVhZ Mhyj vkSj iuokM+h ls ysdj fpVQUM dEiuh dh
vkM+ esa yksxksa dks ywVus okys yksx fdlh u fdlh lekpkj i=k]
if=kdk o pSuy ds ekfyd cus cSBs gSaA budk ,dek=k mís';
ehfM;k ds ek/;e ls vius xyr dk;ksaZ dk cpko djuk vkSj
CySdesfyax dj iSls dekuk gSA muds bl dk;Z esa efgyk i=kdkj o
nyky dkQh mi;ksxh lkfcr gks jgh gSaA 'kk;n ;gh otg gS fd
i=kdkfjrk esa thHk vkSj tka?k dk bLrseky c<+rk tk jgk gSA
lkHkkj&7 tqykbZ 2014 dks HkM+kl4ehfM;k esa lanhi Bkdqj dk
vkys[k dqN 'kCnksa dks gVkdjA
ehfM;k esa efgykvksa ds ;kSu 'kks"k.k ds fy, flQZ vkSj
flQZ iq#"koknh lekt ds izHkqRo dks ftEesokj ugha Bgjk;k tk
ldrkA lanhi Bkdqj ds vkys[k dks ns[ksa rks ;ksX;rk ugha j[kus okyh
efgyk,a tkfr o tqxkM+ ra=k dk Hkh iz;ksx dj LFkku ik ysrh gSaA gka]
mu efgykvksa dks uqdlku gksrk gS ftuds ikl ;ksX;rk rks gksrh gS
ysfdu tkfr o tqxkM+ dk dkMZ ugha gksrkA
ehfM;k ds efgyk isze dk ,d vkSj cM+k [kqyklk lks'ky
ehfM;k ij gqvkA U;wt 24 pSuy ds vykok dbZ ehfM;k gkml ls
tqM+s ofj"B i=kdkj vrqy vxzoky dk ,d efgyk i=kdkj ds lkFk
ds laca/k lkeus vk;sA U;wt 24 pSuy ls ,d xqeuke vkbZMh ls xzqi
esy Hkstus ds vkjksi esa mudh ukSdjh xbZ rks HkkLdj U;wt ls ,d
yM+dh ls ;kSu nqO;Zogkj dks ysdj fudkys x,A bu fnuksa bZVhoh esa
Fks] tgka ls mUgsa blfy, bLrhQk nsuk iM+k D;ksafd mudk ,d lsDl
Vsi ;wVîwc ij ok;jy gks x;k gSA HkM+kl4ehfM;k us iwjh dgkuh] 7
ekpZ 2015 dks izdkf'kr fd;k gSA
okf'kaxVu ds baVjus'kuy oheUl ehfM;k QkmaMs'ku vkSj
yanu ds baVjus'kuy U;wt ls¶Vh baLVhVîwV us 822 efgyk
ehfM;kdfeZ;ksa dk lk{kkRdkj fd;k vkSj fu"d"kZ fudkyk fd
ehfM;k laLFkkvksa esa dke djus okyh efgykvksa ds f[kykQ fgalk ij
igys oSf'od losZ{k.k esa yxHkx nks&frgkbZ efgyk i=kdkjksa dks dk;Z
ds nkSjku mRihM+u ;k /kedh dk vuqHko lguk iM+rk gSA blesa ik;k
x;k fd efgyk ehfM;kdfeZ;ksa dks /kedh vkSj mRihM+u dh T;knkrj
?kVuk,a dk;ZLFky ij gksrh gSa vkSj ;s dke iq#"k ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa]
fujh{kdksa vkSj lgdfeZ;ksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
?kVukvksa vkSj gkykr ls vanktk yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd
ehfM;k gkÅl esa efgykvksa dks ysdj gkykr D;k gS\ ehfM;k esa
efgykvksa ds fl;klh xBtksM+ dh dgkuh Hkh de ugh gSA fnfXot;
flag dh dgkuh rktk gSA ,sls dbZ dgkfu;ka lkeus vkrs jgs gSaA xkSj
foe'kZehfM;k
65
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
djus okyh ckr ;g gS fd ;g ehfM;k tks nwljksa dh rjQ vaxqyh
fn[kkrh gS] mldk pkj vaxqyh mldh rjQ gh gksrk gSA ,sls esa
ehfM;k dh Hkh uhfr 'kkL=k gksuh pkfg,A ysfdu O;ogkj esa ckgj rks
uhfr 'kkL=k fn[krk gSA ysfdu tc viuh ckjh vkrh gS rc ml ij
ijnk Mkyus dh Hkjiwj dksf'k'ksa gksrh gaSA eryc lkQ gS fd nwljksa
dks psgjk fn[kkus dk dke djus okyh ehfM;k dHkh&dHkkj viuk
psgjk Hkh ns[k fy;k djs rks 'kk;n ehfM;k esa efgyk,a dh fLFkfr esa
lq/kkj gks ldsA
fpark dh ckr ;g gS fd ehfM;k esa efgykvksa ds izfr
xyr vo/kkj.kk dk;e gksrh tk jgh gSA bl vo/kkj.kk dk gh
ifj.kke gS fd T;knkrj i=kdkj ehfM;k esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh
ns[kuk pkgrs gSaA ysfdu ifjokj ds efgyk lnL; dks ehfM;k esa
nkf[kyk ugha pkgrsA ;g bl ckr dks js[kkafdr djrk gS fd ehfM;k
esa efgykvksa dh fLFkfr dSlh gS\ gkykafd LokfeRo vkSj izHkko'kkyh
inksa ij efgykvksa ds ckjs esa ,slh ckrsa ugh ykxw gksrhA tkfgj gS
ehfM;k esa efgyk Hkkxhnkjh c<+s rHkh iq#"k lÙkk dks ysdj loky tks
mB jgs gSa ml ij vadq'k yx ldrk gSA ys[kd bySDVªkWfud ehfM;k
ls tqM+s gSaA& 303] fnxEcj Iysl] yksfg;kuxj]
dadM+ckx] iVuk& 800020] fcgkjA
eks&09934293148
dVkSrh vkSj fQtwy[kphZv'kksd oktis;h
ge ftu dbZ varfoZjks/kksa esa ;k muds lkFk thrs gSa] muesa ls ,d ;g gS fd ,d vksj rks ge viuh Hkk"kk&laink
ds cgqr de fgLls dk mi;ksx djrs gSa] ij nwljh vksj vDlj lkoZtfud vk;kstuksa esa t#jr ls T;knk 'kCnksa dk
cgqr mnkjrk ls bLrseky djrs gSaA igys ls yxrk gS fd gekjs ikl 'kCn de gks jgs gSa vkSj de 'kCnksa ls gekjk dke
c[kwch py tkrk gSA nwljs ls yxrk gS fd ge Lokxr] iz'kalk] vkHkkj vkfn esa t#jr ls dgha T;knk 'kCnksa dk O;FkZ
iz;ksx djus esa jÙkh Hkj ladksp ugha djrs% la{ksi ds ctk; okXLQhfr] lVhdrk ds ctk; vfr'k;ksfDr izxV gksrh
gSA igys ls yxrk gS fd 'kCn&ladksp njvly gekjh ekuoh;rk dk gh ladksp gSA nwljk crkrk gS fd geesa
ckjhdh] la;e vkSj le> dk vHkko c<+ jgk gSA ;g lc lw>k tc gky gh esa ,d fo|kihB ds ,d vyadj.k
lekjksg esa tkus dk lq;ksx gqvkA vki mEehn djrs gSa fd fo|kihB esa Hkk"kk lkQ&lqFkjh gksxh] mlesa O;FkZ dh iz'kalk
ugha gksxh] lw{erk vkSj la{ksi gksxkA ysfdu fLFkfr blds Bhd foijhr FkhA gj O;fDr tks eap ij Fkk euh"kh]
fpard] tuuk;d vkfn vlR; vkSj fujk/kkj inksa esa c[kkuk tk jgk FkkA gekjs fo|k] lkfgR; laca/kh lkoZtfud vk;kstuksa esa Hkk"kk dk bruk
ykijokg] csbZeku] LQhr iz;ksx gksrk gS fd yxrk gS fd ftu laLFkkvksa dks Hkk"kk dh igjsnkjh djuk pkfg, os gh mls fod`r dj ywVikV dj
jgh gSaA lkQ&lqFkjkiu flQZ LoPNrk vfHk;ku dk ekeyk ugha gS% gesa lkQ&lqFkjs fnekx Hkh pkfg, tks lw{erk ls lksp ldsa vkSj lkQ&lqFkjh
Hkk"kk dk O;ogkj dj ldsaA fganh esa vxj oSpkfjd lkfgR; cgqr de gS rks bldk ,d cM+k dkj.k ;g gS fd gekjs 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa esa Hkk"kk
ds izfr bl dnj ykijokgh gS fd yxus yxk gS fd fganh esa vkSj lc dqN laHko gS] rh{.k&lw{e fopkj ughaA ftl Hkk"kk esa ,slk fopkj u gks
mlesa KkuksRiknu Hkh cgqr de gksxkA ;gh gkyr fganh dh gSA ;g fofp=k foMacuk gS fd ftUgsa Hkk"kk ds izfr lrdZ gksuk pkfg, ogh 'kS{kf.kd
laLFkk,a] i<+s&fy[ks yksx] ehfM;k mls yxkrkj Hkz"V vkSj nwf"kr dj jgs gSaA tgka fopkj lgt LokHkkfod] vfHkO;fDr lkQ&lqFkjh gksuh pkfg,
ogha nksuksa dh vuqifLFkfr vkSj vlaHkkouk fnuksa&fnu Hkh"k.k rsth ls c<+rh tk jgh gSA og fnu nwj ugha tc fganh esa cktkj rks gksxk] fopkj
xk;c gks tk,xk! cgqr gks pqdk vfHk;ku fganh dks c<+kus dk% vc iz;Ru gksuk pkfg, fganh dks cpkus dkA mls Kku vkSj fopkj ds fy, l{ke
ek/;e cukus dk iz;RuA mldh lPph vkykspuk&o`fÙk dks lkekU; fganh txr esa QSykus vkSj lfØ; djus dk vfHk;kuA fujs la[;k cy ds
vk/kkj ij cgqr fnuksa rd fganh dks cM+h Hkk"kk ugha ekuk tk ldrkA ftl Hkk"kk esa oSpkfjd laiUurk vkSj lw{erk] Kku dk lrr mRiknu]
vfHkO;fDr dh _tqrk u gks og cM+h Hkk"kk dSls vkSj D;ksa\ys[kd iz[;kr cqf)thoh vkSj laLd`frdehZ gSaA
bZ&esy& [email protected]
66
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
jrh; flusek dh 'kq#vkr 1896 esa Ýkal ds yqbl vkSj
vxLr yqfejS us Ng ewd fQYeksa dk izn'kZu 7 tqykbZ dks
cEcbZ ds okVlu gksVy esa fd;k FkkA ij ;s fQYesa viuh Hkk"kk esa
ugha Fkha vFkkZr lkekU; turk dh Hkk"kk ls nwj FkhaA Hkkjrh; flusek
dk fodklZ <qaMhjkt xksfoUn QkYds tks nknk lkgc QkYds ds uke ls
vf/kd tkus tkrs gSa mUgsa Hkkjr dh izFke Lons'k fufeZr Qhpj fQYe
jktk gfj'pUnz cukus dk Js; tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa cuus okyh igyh
Qhpj fQYe nknk lkgc QkYds us cukbZ tks Hkkjrsanq gfj'kpanz ds
ukVd ^gfj'kpanz* ij vk/kkfjr FkhA nknklkgc Qkyds us vius
yanu izokl ds nkSjku bZlk elhg ds thou ij vk/kkfjr ,d
pyfp=k ns[kkA ml fQYe dks ns[k dj nknk lkgsc Qkyds ds eu esa
ikSjkf.kd dFkkvksa ij vk/kkfjr pyfp=kksa ds fuekZ.k djus dh izcy
bPNk tkx`r gqbZA Lons'k vkdj mUgksaus jktk gfj'panz cukbZ tks fd
Hkkjr dh igyh yach fQYe Fkh vkSj 03 ebZ] 1913 esa iznf'kZr gqbZA
/ofujfgr gksus ds ckotwn Hkh ml pyfp=k us yksxksa dk Hkjiwj
euksjatu fd;k vkSj n'kZdksa us mldh [kwc iz'kalk dhA 14 ekpZ
1931 dks bl peRdkj esa ,d lEeksgu 'kkfey gks x;k vkSj og
lEeksgu Fkk /ofu dkA vc insZ ij fn[kkbZ nsus okys fp=k cksyus
yxsA 1931 esa igyh cksyrh fQYe ^vkye vkjk* ls vkt rd
lokZf/kd fQYesa fganh Hkk"kk esa gh cukbZ xbZa gSaA
fQYe esa jktk gfj'kpanz dk fdjnkj nÙkk=k; nkeksnj] iq=k
jksfgr dk fdjnkj nknk QkYds ds iq=k Hkkypanz QkYds tcfd jkuh
rkjkerh dk fdjnkj jsLVksjsaV es ckophZ ds :i es dke djus okys
O;fä vUuk lkyqads fuHkk;k FkkA ;s gS 1931 esa Hkkjr esa flusek ds
{ks=k esa L=kh dh fLFkfr] tc dksbZ L=kh flusek tSls dykRed
euksjatukRed mins'kkRed fo/kk esa vkus dks vkSj viuh dyk vkSj
izfrHkk fn[kkus dks rS;kj ugha FkhA
fQYe jktk gfj'panz dh vikj lQyrk ds ckn nknk
lkgc QkYds us o"kZ 1913 esa eksfguh HkLeklqj dk fuekZ.k fd;kA
blh fQYe ds tfj;s deyk xks[kys vkSj mudh eka nqxkZ xks[kys tSlh
vfHkusf=k;ksa dks Hkkjrh; fQYe txr dh igyh efgyk vfHkus=kh
cuus dk xkSjo izkIr gqvk FkkA blh fQYe esa igyk Mkal uacj Hkh
fQYek;k x;k FkkA deyk xks[kys ij fQYek, bl xhr dks nknk
QkYds us u`R; funsZf'kr fd;k FkkA nqxkZckbZ ikoZrh dh Hkwfedk esa
gekjs lkeus vk;ha vkSj deykckbZ eksfguh dh Hkwfedk esaA nqxkZckbZ
dk fQYeksa esa vkuk dksbZ ikfjokfjd Lohd`fr ;k muds vfHku; dh
flusekbZ L=kh dk fodkl vkSj bfrgkltSls&tSls lekt esa efgykvksa dh 'kfä dks vk¡dk x;k oSls&oSls fQYeks esa efgykvksa dh leL;k,a j[kh
tkus yxhA ^Qwy cus v¡xkjs* esa js[kk] ^va/kk dkuwu* esa gsek ekfyuh vkSj ^t[eh vkSjr* esa fMaiy
dikfM+;kA bl le; eas efgykvksa ds izfr ;kSu fgalk ds nq#i;ksx dh ?kVukvksa dh la[;k c<+us yxh FkhA
70 vkSj 80 ds n'kd ls] ukf;dkvksa dks dsoy efgykvksa ds LFkkfir :i esa ugha fn[kk;k x;k gSA
Hkk
vkoj.k dFkk-8;'kfLouh ik.Ms;
vuq"kk fjtoh
foe'kZehfM;k
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tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
bPNk u gksrs gq, ,d foo'krk FkhA vFkksZiktZu dh foo'krk FkhA
vius ifr ls vyxko dh fLFkfr esa muds ikl rhu gh fodYi Fks
igyk] fdlh ds ?kj esa dke djuk] os';ko`fr dk dke] rhljk
fQYeksa esa tkdj vfHku; djukA lkekftd n`f"V ls ;s rhuksa dke gh
leku :i ls fuanuh; FksA
;s flusek esa dke djus okyh fL=k;ksa ds izfr lekt dk
utfj;k FkkA ij nqxkZckbZ us vius vkSj viuh iq=kh ds thou;kiu
ds fy, ;s jkLrk pquk vkSj ,d ubZ Økafr dks tUe fn;kA dksbZ Hkh
Økafr fojks/kksa esa gh iuirh gS vkSj Qwyrh&Qyrh gSA
vkt flusek esa ukf;dk dh ;s fLFkfr gS fd ukf;dk cuus
dh gksM+ yxh gSA vPNs ls vPNs laHkzkar
ifjokj ls yM+fd;ka vk jgh gSa vius
vfHku; dk yksgk euokus ds fy,] dksbZ ?kj
ls fojks/k djds py iM+k fdlh us ?kj gh
NksM+ fn;k] dksbZ izf'k{k.k ysdj vk jgk] rks
dksbZ fojklr esa vfHku; ysdj vk jgkA
izfr;ksfxrk c<+ x;h gS vfHku;
ls ysdj] u`R;] 'kkjhfjd cukoV] fQVusl]
Hkk"kk] ls ysdj gj {ks=k esa vyx pkfg,]
vikj izfrHkk pkfg,A
;s gqvk ukf;dk dk fganh flusek
esa vkxeu vkSj dkj.k vkSj mlds izHkko]
blh le; o"kZ 1926 es iznf'kZr fQYe
cqycqys ifjLrku igyh fQYe Fkh ftldk
funsZ'ku efgyk us fd;k FkkA csxe Qkfrek
lqYrkuk bl fQYe dh funsZ'kd FkhaA fQYe
esa tqcSnk] lqYrkuk vkSj iqryh us eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ FkhaA
lu 1931 ds dqN le; mijkar gh Hkkjrh; lekt esa
O;kIr ukjh thou dh foMacukvksa dks ysdj dbZ fQYesa cukbZ xbZ
ftuesa ^nqfu;k uk ekusa* ¼1937½] ^vNwr dU;k* ¼1936½
^vkneh*&¼1939½] ^nsonkl*&¼1935½] ^bafnjk ,e-,-* ¼1934½ cky
;ksfxuh* ¼1936½ izeq[k :i ls lfEefyr gSaA
bl rjg dh fQYeksa esa ukjh thou ls lacaf/kr ftu
leL;kvksa dks mtkxj fd;k x;k muesa ^cky fookg*] ^vuesy
fookg*] ^inkZ izFkk*] ^vf'k{kk* vkfn FksA njvly ml le; ds
lekt esa ;gh leL;k,a gkoh Fkha] ns'k vktkn ugha gqvk Fkk] reke
izdkj dh lkekftd lq/kkj okyh laLFkk,a viuk dke dj jgh Fkha]
ns'k esa gj txg vkanksyu dh fLFkfr Fkh] lkekftd dqjhfr;ksa dks
m[kkM+ Qsadus dh gj txg dok;n py jgh FkhA ,sls esa bUgha
leL;kvksa dks dsafnzr dj flusek dks cukuk LokHkkfod FkkA
lkekftd ifjos'k ls tqMs fj'rksa dks efgykvksa ds fdjnkjksa
esa c[kwch mrjk tkus yxkA 1935 esa ^vkSjr*] ^gaVjokyh*] ^Mkdw dh
yM+dh*] ^fel 1933*] 1936 esa ^vNwr dU;k*] 1950 esa ^tksxu*]
^cM+h cgu*] ^NksVh HkkHkh*] ^gekjh csVh*] ^e/kqckyk*] ^ubZ HkkHkh*]
^lrh& ueZnk*] lekt ds #f<+oknh gksus ij Hkh dqN ukf;dkvksa us
fQYe dh dgkuh ds vuq:i fdjnkjksa ds f'kír ls fuHkkus dk lkgl
fn[kk;kA ukf;dk nsfodk jkuh us 1933 es cuh fQYe ^dekZ* eas ,slk
cksYM n`'; vfHkuhr fd;k tks ml le; ds lekt dh lksp ds
vuq:i vPNk ugha dgk tk ldrk FkkA ij ,slh fgEer ml le;
ukf;dk nsfodk jkuh us fn[kkbZ ftl ds ifj.kkeLo:i mUgsa rkjhQ
vkSj cqjkbZ nksuksa feyhA
;s rks gj {ks=k esa gksrk gS tc lekt ds fu;eksa ls vyx
dqN gksrk gS] dksbZ u;k ifjorZu ubZ Økafr] rks mldk fojks/k gksrk gh
gS] cfYd bu fojks/kksa dk dHkh var ugha gksrkA ;s fojks/k vHkh Hkh
tkjh gSa tc flusek esa L=kh dh leL;kvksa dks u, <ax ls lekt ds
lkeus yk;k tkrk gS mu igyqvksa dks le>us dh dksf'k'k dh tkrh
gS tks lc tkurs rks gSa ij mu ij dksbZ ckr ugha djuk pkgrk] mls
ppkZ dk eqík cukus esa vge dks vkSj uSfrdrk dks Bsl yxrh gSA
efgykvksa dh vn~Hkqr ftthfo"kk vkSj yxu dks izR;{k
:i ls lkdkj djus ds fy;s 1950 ds n'kd esa ds-,- vCckl] fcey
ehjk uk;j
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foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
jkW; vkSj xq#nÙk tSlh funsZ'kdksa us [kwc dke fd;kA bu l'kä vkSj
lkekftd ljksdkjksa esa #fp j[kus okys funsZ'kdksa us viuh fQYeksa esa
etcwr efgykvksa dks fpf=kr fd;k A egcwc [kku dh ^enj bafM;k*
,slh gh dkyt;h fQYe Fkh ftlesa ,d efgyk ds la?k"kZ'khy thou
dks ckjhdh ls fn[kk;k gS fd og foijhr gkykrksa esa Hkh fgEer ugha
gkjrh vkSj reke lknxh ds lkFk vius cPpksa dh ijofj'k djrh gSA
blh le; esa vk;h Fkh ^yktoarh*] ^vjk/kuk* ftlesa efgykvksa ds
O;fDrxr] ikfjokfjd thou ds cnyrs :iksa dks fn[kk;k x;k FkkA
1964 esa fcey jk; dh dkyt;h fQYe ^canuh* vk;h]
vifj"d`r efgyk ds :i esa uwru us Hkkoiw.kZ vfHku; fd;k fQj
1960 esa vk;h csgn edcwy vkSj ,rsgkfld fQYe
^eqxy&,&vkte* ftlesa vius I;kj ds fy;s vius vkidks cfynku
dj nsus okyh etcwr bPNk'kfä okyh ukf;dk dk fdjnkj e/kqckyk
us fuHkk;k vkSj blh o"kZ ^fny viuk vkSj izhr ijk;h* esa izse dh
uSlfxZd Hkkouk dks vkRelkr djrh ;qorh dh xkFkk dks fd'kksj
lkgw us cMs+ ijns ij mrkjkA 1962 esa cuh fQYe ^eS pqi jgwaxh* esa
fir`lÙkkRed lekt esa ukjh dh n'kk dk lVhd fp=k.k fd;k x;kA
efgykvksa dk lq/kkjoknh :i fQYeksa esa fn[kk;k tkus
yxkA 1963 esa vkbZ ^eq>s thus nks* ftlesa oghnk jgeku us vkSj
1981 esa ^T;ksfr* fQYe esa gsekekfyuh us efgykvksa ds l'kä
vfHku; dks thoar fd;kA
1940 ls 1960 dks flusek dk Lof.kZe ;qx ekuk tkrk gSA
1970 esa ^dVh irax* esa ijEijkxr Hkkjrh; fo/kok ds thou dh
=kklnh dks n'kkZ;k] iatkc ds gfj;kyh bykds ds vej izse ;qxy
^ghj jk¡>k* ij psru vkuan us 1970 esa fQYe cuk;h vkSj ghj dk
vej ik=k insZ ij lkal ysus yxkA blh nkSj esa csfelky ukf;dk
gsekekfyuh dks ysdj lqcks/k&eq[kthZ us ^vfHkus=kh* fQYe cukbZA
lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh rjg gh fQYeksa esa Hkh efgyk,a U;k; vkSj
lekurk tSls fo"k;ksa ij ihNs gh jgha] fcey jk; dh ^ifj.khrk* esa
ikjEifjd fjoktksa dh cfy p<+h] ij dekscs'k T;knkrj fQYeksa eas
ukjh dk lq/kkjoknh :i gh fn[kk;k x;kA ^eq>s thus nks* esa oghnk
jgeku vkSj ^T;ksfr* esa gsek ekfyuh bl :i ds l'kä mngkj.k gSaA
1960 esa efgykvksa dk yqHkkouk :i fn[kk;k x;kA fQj
vxys nkSj esa n'kZdksa dks ns[kus dks feyh lh/kh&lk/kh L=khA 1971 esa
âf"kds'k eq[kthZ ^xqìh*] 1972 esa ^ifjp;* vkSj ^dksf'k'k*A vxys gh
lky ;kuh 1973 ls funsZ'kd izdk'k esgjk dh fQYe ^tathj* esa ,d
uk;d dk ,axh ;ax eSu ds :i esa mn; gqvk vkSj rHkh ls fQYeksa esa
ukf;dk;sa egt ,d vkHkw"k.k dh rjg izLrqr dh tkuh yxhA mlh
le; mn; gqvk fganh flusek dh XySejl ukf;dkvksa dk ftuesa
ijohu ckch] thur veku vkSj iwue f<Yyks] in~feuh dksYgkiqjh
lcls vkxs FkhaA 1980 ds n'kd esa ckWyhoqM esa fdj.k csnh ds cqyan
O;fäRo ls izHkkfor gksdj fQYedkjksa dk /;ku efgykvksa dks iqfyl
ds :i esa n'kkZus dh rjQ x;kA mlh le; L=kh dk izHkkoh fdjnkj
fp=kiV ij utj vk;kA xqytkj us 1975 esa ^vk¡/kh* fQYe rc dh
jktuhfrd iVy ds 'kh"kZ ij igq¡ph iz/kkuea=kh bafnjk xk¡/kh ls
izHkkfor gks dj fQYe cukbZA bu lHkh fQYeksa esa efgyk ik=k vius
csgrjhu :i esa FksA
tSls&tSls lekt esa efgykvksa dh 'kfä dks vk¡dk x;k
oSls&oSls fQYeks esa efgykvksa dh leL;k,a j[kh tkus yxhA ^Qwy cus
v¡xkjsa* esa js[kk] ^va/kk dkuwu* esa gsek ekfyuh vkSj ^t[eh vkSjr* esa
fMaiy dikfM+;kA bl le; esa efgykvksa ds izfr ;kSu fgalk ds
nq#i;ksx dh ?kVukvksa dh la[;k c<+us yxh FkhaA 70 vkSj 80 ds
n'kd ls] ukf;dkvksa dks dsoy efgykvksa ds LFkkfir :i esa ugha
fn[kk;k x;k gS cfYd vc og iwjs ifjokj dh ftEesokjh vius da/kksa
ij mBk ldrh gSa] ;s efgyk,a vius dke ds ek/;e ls dbZ
lkekftd yM+kb;ka yM+rh gSA
70 ds bl nkSj es tc efgyk;sa vius vki dks [kkst jgh
Fkha rks lgh ek;us esa ml nkSj dks laLdkjh nkSj dgk tk ldrk gS tc
rd vk/kqfudhdj.k dh fo"kSyh vk¡/kh if'pe dh vksj ls Hkkjr esa
ugha igq¡ph FkhA ek¡ ds :i eas dkfeuh dkS'ky] fu:ik jkW;] nqxkZ [kksVs
[kwc ljkgh x;h] ftl rjg dk <ksaxh utfj;k vke thou eas Hkh
lekt dk gS dh ,d rjQ rks oks ukjh dks nsoh ek¡ cuk dj iwtrs gaS
vkSj nwljh rjQ vius gh ?kj es ukjh dks viekfur djrs gSa mlh
rjg ek¡ dks lcls Å¡pk fn[kk;k x;k vkSj ghjksbu dks cykRdkj dk
f'kdkj rd gksrs fn[kk;k tkrk gS ;g foMEcuk Hkh fQYekas eas gesa
ns[kus dks feyrh gS] rHkh fQYeksa dks lekt dk vkbZuk Hkh dgk
tkrk gSA
ch-vkj-pksiM+k fganh fQYeksa esa lkekftd lq/kkj vkSj
lkekftd psruk dks vk/kqfud lanHkksaZ esa O;k[;kf;r djus okys
lQyre fuekZrk funsZ'kd gq, gSaA fo/kok fookg dks lkekftd
ekU;rk fnykus ds fy, mUgksaus ^,d gh jkLrk* ¼1958½ cukbZA ;g
,d f=kdks.kkRed dgkuh gSA lquhy nÙk vkSj ehuk dqekjh ifr&iRuh
gSa tc ,d gknls esa lquhy nÙk dh e`R;q gks tkrh gS rks v'kksd dqekj
,d fe=k ds :i esa ehuk dqekjh dh ns[kHkky djus yxrs gSaA ysfdu
foe'kZehfM;k
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tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
;g fLFkfr ,d fo/kok L=kh dks cnpyu ?kksf"kr djus ds fy,
lekt esa i;kZIr FkhA ch-vkj-pksiM+k us lkgl ds lkFk fQYe esa
fo/kok L=kh dk fookg ¼v'kksd dqekj ds lkFk½ djokdj lq/kkj
dh ,d ubZ ijaijk dks LFkkfir fd;kA blds ckn lekt esa
fo/kok fL=k;k¡ ds fy, ,d u, thou dks Lohdkj djus dk
lkgl iSnk gksus yxkA ch-vkj-pksiM+k ,d fuekZrk vkSj
funsZ'kd ds :i esa ges'kk ls gh Hkkjrh; L=kh thou dh
folaxfr;ksa ds izfr laosnu'khy jgs gSa vkSj blhfy, mudh
fQYesa O;kolkf;d gksus ds lkFk leL;kewyd Hkh cu iM+h gSaA
lu 1959 esa gh vfookfgr ekr`Ro dh leL;k ls
tw>us okyh fL=k;ksa ds thou ds fc[kjko vkSj mldh ifj.kfr
dks n'kkZus okyh l'kä fQYe ^/kwy dk Qwy* ch-vkj-pksiM+k ds
gh funsZ'ku esa vkbZA vfookfgr ekr`Ro ds ifj.kkeLo:i tUe
ysuh okyh larku voS/k ?kksf"kr dh tkrh gS vkSj mldk thou
ukjdh; gks tkrk gSA ;g ,d cgqr gh laosnu'khy fo"k; gS
ftls fQYe }kjk lekt ds lEeq[k ykus dk lkgl ch-vkj-
pksiM+k us fd;k gSA ;s fQYesa lekt dks ,slh fo"ke fLFkfr;ksa ls
cpus ds fy, vkxkg djrh gSa vkSj mu fLFkfr;ksa ds i;Zolku
dks csckdh ls izLrqr dj fL=k;k¡ ds i{k esa lekt dks [kM+s gksus dk
lkgl iznku djrh gSaA ch-vkj-pksiM+k viuh ,d vkSj fQYe
^balkQ dk rjktw* ¼1959½ esa cykRdkfjr ihfM+rk dks U;k; fnykrs
gSaA cykRdkfjr L=kh ihfM+rk ds :i esa lekt ds lEeq[k vkus ls
vkt Hkh Mjrh gS bl fo"k; ij cgqr de fQYesa cuh gSa blfy, bls
,d ubZ lkgliw.kZ izLrqfr ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k x;kA fganh fQYesa
izkjEHk ls ewyr% L=kh iz/kku gh jgha gSaA fganh fQYedkjksa us Hkkjrh;
L=kh ds lHkh :iksa dks fQYeksa esa izLrqr fd;k gSA ?kjsyw L=kh]
dkedkth L=kh] fdlku L=kh] fookfgr vkSj vfookfgr L=kh vkfnA
tq>k: L=kh] la?k"kZ'khy L=kh vkSj vU;k;& vR;kpkj ls yM+us okyh
L=kh vkfn :i fganh fQYeksa esa izeq[k :i ls vkrs jgs gSaA jktdiwj
}kjk fufeZr ^izsejksx* ¼1982½ esa vkfHktkR; ifjokj dh fo/kok
;qorh ^euksjek* ¼in~feuh dksYgkiqjh½ dk fookg lkekU; oxZ ds
;qod ^nso/kj* ¼_f"k diwj½ ls djokdj oxZ oS"kE; dks feVkus dh
igy dh gS] dh xbZ gSA bl fQYe esa ,d vksj oxZ&la?k"kZ gS rks nwljh
vksj vkfHktkR; ifjokjksa esa izPNUu :i ls izpfyr L=kh 'kks"k.k dk
f?kukSuk :i Hkh vuko`Ùk gqvk gSA ;s fQYesa mins'kkRed vkSj
lans'kkRed fQYesa gSaA blh Js.kh esa vkj-ds- fQYEl ds cSuj rys cuh
fQYe ^izsexzUFk* Hkh vkrh gS tks fd cykRdkfjr L=kh ds mRihM+u
vkSj rn~tfur ifj.kkeksa dks n'kkZrh gSA bl fQYe ds ek/;e ls ,slh
ykafNr fL=k;ksa dks lekt esa Lohdkj djus dh igy dh x;h gSA
mlh le; esa ckWyhoqM dh eq[;/kkjk esa 1980 esa ^vk'kk*]
^ek¡x Hkjks ltuk*] ^FkksMh lh cscQkbZ*] ^T;ksfr cus Tokyk* cuhA
fQYedkj ch-vkj- pksiM+k us ml le; ftl fo"k; dks pquk og
csgn cksYM Fkk] fQYe Fkh ^balkQ dk rjktw* fdl rjg cykRdkj dh
f'kdkj efgyk viuh yM+kbZ vdsyh yM+rh gS bls yksxksa us igyh ckj
cM+s ijns ij ns[kk] blds ckn ^lkS fnu lkl ds* vkSj js[kk vfHkuhr
^[kwclwjr* tSlh fQYe vkbZ] 1982 esa jktdiwj us fo/kok fookg tSls
egRoiw.kZ lkekftd eqís ij ^izse jksx* cukbZ 1990 rd vkrs&vkrs
lekt esa dbZ jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd ifjorZu gq;s ftldh Nk;k
fQYeksa esa Hkh lkQ fn[kkbZ nsus yxhA eqä cktkj us ns'k esa if'peh
phtksa ds fy;s njokts [kksy fn;s x;sA QyLo:i L=kh dks ,d czkaM
ds :i esa izLrqr fd;k tkus yxk A
dYiuk ykteh us 1993 eas ^#nkyh* cukbZ] ckn esa ruqtk
pUnz] jhrk dkxrh] Qjgk [kku] vuq"kk fjtoh] es?kuk xqytkj vkfn
bl fn'kk eas vkxs vkbZA
fganh fQYeksa esa efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk dks utjvankt ugha
fd;k tk ldrkA Hkkjrh; lekt ds #f<+oknh :[k ds ckotwn ftu
fQYeksa esa ukjh 'kfä dk vnHkqr ns[kus dks feyk os fQYesa Fkh]
nsonkl] ^cafnuh*] ^lkgc&choh vkSj xqyke*] ^vFkZ*] ^vadqj*]
dYiuk ykteh
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foe'kZehfM;k
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tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
^Hkwfedk*] ^eaMh*] ^Li'kZ*] ^vk¡/kh*] ^ikdhtk*] ^mejko tku*] ^xqìh*]
^feyh*] ^thou /kkjk*] ^vkf[kj D;ksa*] ^eklwe*] ^tqcSnk*] ^eEeksa*]
^ifjf.krk*] ^yTtk*] ^pd ns bafM;k* vkfn fganh fQYeksa esa efgykvksa
dh Hkwfedk;sa mYys[kuh; ekuh tkrh jgsaxhA dbZ izfrHkk'kkyh fQYe
fuekZrkvksa us vkxzgiwoZd vkSj lEekutud ;FkkFkZoknh cudj
viuh fQYeksa esa efgykvksa dks lgh vkSj etcwr i{k fpf=kr djus
dh dksf'k'k dh gS] bl 'kSyh ea lR;thr js] e`.kky lsu] egcwc [kku]
_f"kds'k eq[kthZ] egs'k Hkê] veksy ikysdj vkfn dk uke fo'okl
ds lkFk fy;k tk ldrk gSA
fganh fQYesa gj ;qx esa cnyrs ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds lkFk
Hkkjrh; lekt ds gj :i vkSj jax dks fdlh u fdlh :i esa izLrqr
djus esa lQy gqbZ gSaA vkt dk nkSj fQYeksa dk gh nkSj gSA fQYesa gh
eq[; euksjatu vkSj Kku&foKku dks lao`) djus dk dkjxj lk/ku
gSA fQYe izLrqrhdj.k dh 'kSyh esa cnyko vo'; fn[kkbZ nsrk gS
fdUrq blds dsanz esa O;fä vkSj lekt ds varlaZca/k gh jgs gSaA
fuf'pr :i ls fQYesa lekt dks ,d ubZ lksp ns ldrh gSaA
Hkkjrh; flusek 3 ebZ] 2013 dks vius lkS lky iwjs dj
pqdk gSA bu lkS lkyksa esa mlus dbZ ;k=kk,¡ dh gSa] dbZ iM+koksa dks ikj
fd;k gSA lekt esa ftrus vkanksyu] ifjorZu gq, lHkh dks fganh
flusek us vius dF; dk vk/kkj cuk;k fQj L=kh tks fd ifjokj]
jk"Vª dh /kqjh gS mldks dSls vuns[kk dj fn;k tkrkA flusek us
viuh ftEenkjh iwjh rjg fuHkkbZ gSA mlus dHkh Hkh L=kh vkSj mlds
ljksdkjksa ls viuk iYyk ugha >kM+k vfirq og L=kh ds lkFk ltx
jgdj [kM+k jgk gSA iw.kZ dgha dqN ugha gksrk] tks gS oks xfr esa gS]
izokg esa gSA fganh flusek] ukf;dkvksa ds fofHkUu i{k] leL;kvksa]
izfrHkkvksa dks ysdj viuh xfr esa vkxs c<+ jgk gS vkSj c<+sxkA ;s
izokg dgk¡ rd tk,xk dqN irk ugha] izokg dh fn'kk r; ugha] dqN
fuf'pr y{; ugha] cl tks tSlk gS] tSlk py jgk gS] tks ifjorZu
vk jgs gSa mUgsa fn[kkuk flusek dk dke gSA lekt pkgs rks lh[ks]
lksps] le>s u pkgs rks flusek dks dsoy euksjatu dk lk/ku le>sA
ij lp rks ;gh gS dh ,d funsZ'kd] ;k fdlh Hkh izdkj ds ys[kd dk
viuk ,d y{; gksrk gh gS] ,d lksp gksrh gh gS] vc mudh lksp
mudk utfj;k gekjs utfj;s ls fdruk esy [kkrk gS bl ij fuHkZj
djrk gS gekjs lkfgR; ;k flusek dks ilan fd;k tkukAysf[kdk Lora=k i=kdkj ,oa dfo gSaA
cPps [kq'k jgsa] blfy, ?kjksa esa usV&Vhoh cSuvesfjdk dh flfydkWu oSyh ds LVsuj okWYMksQZ Ldwy ds cPps tc ,iy dh ckr djrs gSa rks bldk eryc gksrk gS] vkt yap esa os lsc ysdj
vk, gSaA tc MwMy dh ckr djrs gSa rks ;g xwxy okyk ugha gksrkA cfYd ;g dYiuk'khyrk ls mdsjh xbZ
csrjrhc lh fp=kdkjh gksrh gSA blls Hkh [kkl ;g fd ;s cPps mu iSjsaV~l ds gSa] tks xwxy vkSj ekbØkslkW¶V
tSlh daifu;ksa esa vkyk ntsZ dh VsDuksykWth vkSj xStsV~l btkn djrs gSaA ,sls 80 Qhlnh ls T;knk is'ksoj
vius cPpksa dks blh Ldwy esa Mkyus dks roTtks nsrs gSaA D;ksafd ;gka 12 lky dh mez rd cPpksa dks
daI;wVj] eksckby] VScysV ls nwj j[kk tkrk gSA d{kk,a Hkh ^LekVZ* ugha gksrhaA cfYd VªsMh'kuy rjhds ls
CySd cksMZ] fQftdy ,fDVfoVh vkSj ,DlisfjesaVy yfuZax ls i<+k;k tkrk gSA tks cPps gkWLVy esa ugha
jgrs] muds fy, Hkh Ldwy iq[rk bartke djrk gS fd os Vhoh] baVjusV] daI;wVj ls nwj jgsaA cM+s ls cM+s
is'ksoj Hkh ;gh pkgrs gSaA ,d okd;k 2010 dk gSA ,iy ds LVho tkWCl ls ,d i=kdkj us iwN fy;k]
^vkids cPps rks vkbZiSM cgqr ilan djrs gksaxs\* LVho us likV lk tokc fn;k] ^ughaA mUgksaus bls ;wt ugha fd;kA ?kj ij cPps VsDuksykWth dk fdruk
bLrseky djsaxs] ;g geus r; dj j[kk gSA* ,sls gh] ekbØkslkW¶V esa eSustj jgs fi,js ykWjsV us xStsV~l ds bLrseky ij cSu yxk j[kk gSA xsfeax IysVQkWeZ
IysLVs'ku esa fMtkbuj jgs djhe rkvkscSth dk dguk gS] ^eSa csVh dks eksVkis dk f'kdkj gksrs ugha ns[k ldrkA blfy, ge mls [ksyus ds fy, xStsV~l ds
ctk, jax] dyj cqd vkSj f[kykSus nsrs gSaA*
& ,lkspSe ds losZ ds eqrkfcd] ns'k esa 8&13 lky ds djhc 73 izfr'kr cPps baVjusV ij lfØ; gSaA
& 'kgjh bykdksa esa 13 lky rd ds 3 djksM+ cPpksa ds ikl viuk eksckby gSA tcfd 1 djksM+ cPps eksckby dks ifjokj ds lkFk bLrseky djrs gSaA
& 5&7 lky ds cPps lks'ky ehfM;k ij jkst vkSlru 3-4 ?kaVs Vhoh ns[krs gSaA
---vkSj gekjs ns'k esa gkykr myV
t ls dqN cjl igys rd ehfM;k esa v¡xqfy;ksa ij fxuh
tkus okyh efgyk,¡ FkhaA ysfdu vkt fLFkfr fHkUu gSA vkt
ehfM;k&txr dk ,slk dksbZ dksuk ugha tgk¡ efgyk,¡ vkRefo'okl
vkSj n{krk ls ekspkZ ugha laHkky jgh gksA foxr o"kksaZ esa fizaV]
bysDVªkWfud vkSj baVjusV i=kdkfjrk dh nqfu;k esa efgyk Loj
iz[kjrk ls mHkjs gSaA
bl txexkgV dk ,d vge dkj.k ;g gS fd i=kdkfjrk
ds fy, ftl okafNr laosnu'khyrk dh t#jr gksrh gS og efgykvksa
esa uSlfxZd :i ls ikbZ tkrh gSA i=kdkfjrk esa ,d fof'k"V fdLe
dh laosnu'khyrk dh vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj lekukarj :i ls
dq'kyrkiwoZd vfHkO;ä djus dh HkhA laokn vkSj laosnuk ds
lqfu;ksftr lfEeJ.k dk uke gh lqUnj i=kdkfjrk gSA efgykvksa esa
laokn ds Lrj ij Lo;a dks vfHkO;ä djus dk xq.k Hkh iq#"kksa dh
rqyuk esa vf/kd csgrj gksrk gSA ;gh otg jgh gS fd ehfM;k esa
efgykvksa dk xfjeke;h opZLo c<+k gSA
laosnuk ds Lrj ij tc rd oafprksa dh vkg] iqdkj vkSj
t#jr ,d i=kdkj dks fopfyr ugha djrh mldh ys[kuh esa
xgurk ugha vk ldrhA ysfdu egt laosnu'khy gksdj i=kdkfjrk
ugha dh tk ldrh D;ksafd blls Hkh vf/kd vge gS ml vkg ;k
iqdkj dks n`<+rkiwoZd ,d eap iznku djukA ;gk¡ ftl lq;ksX;
larqyu dh njdkj gS og Hkh fu%lansg efgykvksa esa fufgr gSA
viokn laHko gS] ysfdu eksVs rkSj ij ;g ,d lp gS ftls oSKkfud
Hkh izekf.kr dj pqds gSaA
i=kdkj dh rhljh egRoiw.kZ ;ksX;rk xgu voyksdu
{kerk vkSj iSuh n`f"V dgh tkrh gSA ;gk¡ Hkh efgykvksa dk iyM+k
Hkkjh gSA ftl ckjhdh ls og cky dh [kky fudky ldrh gS og
flQZ mlh ds cl dh ckr gSA
fiNys dqN lkyksa esa ehfM;k esa efgykvksa us ,d vkSj Hkze
dks fljs ls [kkfjt fd;k gSA ;k dgsa fd yxHkx pVdk fn;k gS] og
;g fd i=kdkj gksus ds fy, ;g drbZ t:jh ugha fd yM+dksa dh
rjg diM+s igus tk,¡A ;k cl :[kh&lw[kh yM+fd;k¡ gh i=kdkj gks
ldrh gSA vius ukjhRo dk lEeku djrs gq, vkSj 'kkyhurk dk;e
j[krs gq, Hkh l'kä i=kdkfjrk dh tk ldrh gS] ;g lp Hkh blh
nkSj dh i=kdkfjrk esa fn[kkbZ fn;k gSA
blh ls tqM+h lekt dh ,d vkSj xyrQgeh fd lt&/kt
dj ^vU;kU;* rjhdksa ls vkxs c<+h gksxhA fdUrq okLrfodrk dqN
vkSj gS vxj izfrHkk dh ped ugha gksxh rks ^xyr* lhf<+;ksa ls feyh
eafty eq¡g ds cy yk iVdrh gSA lkSUn;Z volj rks fnyk ldrk gS
exj LFkkf;Ro vkSj lQyrk ughaA dk;Z&dq'kyrk vkSj esgur ds
cy ij feyh lQyrk pkgs /khesa feys ij psgjs ls utj vkrh gS vkSj
fHkUu rjhdksa ls feyh lQyrk vkjaHk esa pedrh gS ysfdu FkksM+s gh
le; ckn psgjk Nqikus dks ck/; djrh gSA gkyk¡fd bl lp ls
badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd ehfM;k esa ;g ^lc&dqN* gksrk gSA
vPNh [kcj ;g gS fd fgUnh cgqy {ks=kksa esa vHkh bl ^¶yw* dk izdksi
mruk ugha QSyk gS ftruk egkuxjksa esaA ysfdu mlds fy, Hkh lh/ks
rkSj ij uk rks efgyk,¡ ftEesnkj dgh tk ldrh gS uk ehfM;kA
ifjfLFkfr] laLdkj vkSj ewY; cnys gSaA t:jrsa cnyh gSaA lksp vkSj
utfj, esa QdZ vk;k gSA efgyk Lora=krk vkanksyuksa us lekurk ls
vkxs ;kSu&'kqfprk ij iz'u [kM+s djus 'kq: dj fn, gSaA
egkuxjksa esa laLd`fr dks ^fod`fr* esa ifj.kr djus ds
geys fujarjrk ls tkjh gSA ml ij ls lQyrk izkfIr ds fy, bartkj
djuk vkSj lgh&xyr ds >esys esa iM+uk vk/kqfud dU;kvksa dks
ukxokj xqtjrk gSA og Hkh rc tc og vius ls derj dks rsth ls
vkxs c<+rs gq, ns[krh gSA ,sls esa vius ikl vklkuh ls miyC/k
c<+ jgk gS ncnck
vk
egkuxjksa esa laLd`fr dks ^fod`fr* esa ifj.kr djus ds geys fujarjrk ls tkjh gSA
ml ij ls lQyrk izkfIr ds fy, bartkj djuk vkSj lgh&xyr ds >esys esa iM+uk
vk/kqfud dU;kvksa dks ukxokj xqtjrk gSA og Hkh rc tc og vius ls derj dks
rsth ls vkxs c<+rs gq, ns[krh gSA
vkoj.k dFkk-9Le`fr vkfnR;
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foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
jkLrksa dks vktekus esa mls dksbZ cqjkbZ utj ugha vkrhA ;gk¡ bls fQj
Li"V djrs pysa fd ;g O;xzrk mUgha ^pan* dU;kvksa esa ikbZ tkrh gS
ftUgsa viuh izfrHkk] ys[kuh vkSj esgur ij fo'okl ughaA
ckotwn blds fd ehfM;k&txr esa efgykvksa dk 'kks"k.k
fofHkUu Lrjksa ij gksrk gS] esjk izcy vkxzg gS fd ,slk rc gh gS tc
efgykvksa dh blesa ekSu Lohd`fr 'kkfey gksA vU;Fkk tc rd
O;fä [kqn uk pkgs mls uk rks 'kksf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gS uk
izrkfM+rA fQj ;g tqeyk i<+rs pysa fd viokn gj txg gSa] gksrs gSa]
gksus pkfg, D;ksafd lgh&xyr dk varj gj ;qx esa Fkk vkSj jgsxkA
bl ^lgh* dks igpkuus ds fy, viokn t:jh gSA ehfM;k esa vkils
igys vkidh izfrHkk vkSj n{krk [kqn cksyrh gSA ;gk¡ Ny] Nn~e]
>wB vkSj eDdkjh vkidks ys Mwcrs gSaA eSa ekurh gw¡ fd efgykvksa ds
fy, ;g lqjf{kr {ks=k gS cl bls lEekutud Hkh cuk jgus nsa] ;g
ehfM;k dh gh ftEesnkjh gSA vkSj ;g ehfM;k D;k gS\ ge gh rks gSaA
ge ls gh rks gSaA blds ewY; cps jgsa] nqvk dhft,Aysf[kdk oscnqfu;k MkVdke dh Qhpj ,MhVj gSaA
foe'kZehfM;k
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tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
'kh?kz izdk';& y{;fu"B y[khjkeJh y[khjke vxzoky Le`fr xzaFk
laiknd% lat; f}osnh lykgdkj laiknd% csuh izlkn xqIrk
Lo- y[khjke vxzoky dks ;kn djuk lgh ek;us esa jktuhfr dh mlijaijk dks ;kn djuk gS tks vkt nqyZHk gks x;h gSA e/;izns'k vkSj NÙkhlx<+ds lkoZtfud vkSj lkekftd thou esas mudh mifLFkfr vkt Hkh yksxksa dhLe`fr;ksa esa gSA [kjfl;k uxj ikfydk ds v/;{k in ls izkjaHk mudhjktuhfrd ;k=k esa nks ckj jkT;lHkk lnL; vkSj e/;izns'k rFkk NÙkhlx<+Hkktik dk v/;{k gksus dk xkSjo Hkh tqM+kgSA
y[khjke th izFker% vkSj varr% laxBu ds dk;ZdrkZ FksA ys[ku vkSji=dkfjrk esa Hkh mudk lkFkZd gLr{ksi jgkA os o"kkZsa rd ukxiqj VkbEl vkSj;qx/keZ ds laoknnkrk jgs vkSj ckn esa Lo;a dk ,d nSfud i= ^yksdLoj*fcykliqj ls izkjaHk fd;kA e/;izns'k&NÙkhlx<+ ds lekt thou vkSjjktuhfr esa mudk ,d [kkl LFkku jgk gSA
mudh Le`fr dks thoar cukus ds fy, muds O;fDrRo vkSj d`frRo ijdsfUnzr ,d Le`fr xzaFk ds izdk'ku dk fu.kZ; ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* ifjokj usfy;k gSA ;g xzaFk mudh Le`fr;ksa dk ,d laxzg rks cusxk gh lkFk gh vkus okyhih<+h ds fy, iszj.kk Hkh nsrk jgsxkA
laidZ& ehfM;k foe'kZ] 428] jksfgr uxj] Qst&1] bZ&8 ,DlVsa'ku] Hkksiky 462039 ¼e-iz-½
eksckby& 09893598888] bZ&esy& [email protected]
nh flusek us le;≤ ij jk"Vªh; vkanksyu] bZ'oj Hkfä]tkr&ikr] NwvkNwr] lkEiznkf;drk] fdlku mRihM+u] ngst]efgyk mRihM+u vkfn fo"k;ksa dks xaHkhjrk ls mBk;k gSA fganh
flusek esa efgykvksa ds eqíksa dh ckr djus ls iwoZ Hkkjrh; ifjos'k esaiq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa fL=k;ksa dh fLFkfr ij utj Mkysa rks ge ikrs gSa fd2011 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj ^Hkkjr dh dqy tula[;k1]21]01]93]422 gS ftlesa 62]37]24]248 iq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa58]64]69]174 efgyk,a gSaA dsjy vkSj dsanz 'kkflr izns'k ikafMpsjhdks NksM+dj Hkkjr dk dksbZ Hkh ,slk jkT; ugha gS tgka fL=k;ksa dhla[;k iq#"kksa ds cjkcj ;k muls T;knk gksA Hkkjr dh dqy lk{kjrknj 74-0 izfr'kr gS ftlesa iq#"kksa dh lk{kjrk nj 82-14 izfr'krdh rqyuk esa efgykvksa dh lk{kjrk nj egt 65-46 izfr'kr gS
Hkkjr esa izfr 1000 iq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa 940 efgyk,a gSaA* fL=k;ksa dsLokLF;] vkfFkZd fLFkfr vkSj Lora=krk dh ckr rks cgqr ckn esavkrh gS mudks rks iSnk gksus dk vf/kdkj Hkh iq#"kksa ds leku ughagSA dU;k Hkzw.k gR;k dh leL;k vHkh Hkh cuh gqbZ gSA fL=k;ksa dksdqiks"k.k] foijhr 'kkjhfjd&ekufld fLFkfr;ksa ds ckotwn iq#"kksa dslkFk cjkcjh ds lkFk ukSdjh] etnwjh] NsM+NkM+] cykRdkj] tcjufookg] csesy fookg] rstkc geyk] fgalk vkfn ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj;krukvksa dks lguk iM+rk gSA bu leL;kvksa ds chp Hkkjrh;lekt esa efgykvksa dh n'kk lq/kkjus ds fy, le;≤ ij vusdiz;kl gq, gSaA ßftl nkSj esa yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk ij ikcanh Fkh]lkfo=khckbZ Qqys ml nkSj esa u flQZ [kqn i<+ha] cfYd nwljh yM+fd;ksads i<+us dk Hkh cankscLr fd;kA 1952 esa mUgksaus vNwr ckfydkvksads fy, ,d fo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dh] fo/kok fookg djkus] nfyr
efgykvksa dks f'kf{kr cukus ds fy, mUgksaus cgqr lkjs dk;Z fd;sAÞogha Hkkjrsanq gfj'panz us efgykvksa ds fy, o"kZ 1874 esa efgykvksadh igyh if=kdk ^ckyk cksf/kfu* dh 'kq:vkr dhA if=kdk ls izsfjrgksdj dbZ efgykvksa us ys[ku dk dk;Z 'kq# fd;kA ßL=kh f'k{kkchloha 'krkCnh ds iwokZ)Z esa fganh izns'kksa ds ukjh vkanksyu dk
loZizeq[k eqík Fkk--- xka/kh ,d vksj tgka vkSjrksa ds lkekftdjktuhfrd xfrfof/k;ksa ds leFkZd Fks] ogha mudk bl ckr esafo'okl ugha Fkk fd fL=k;ka i<+&fy[kdj ukSdjh ;k O;olk; djsa---jk"Vªh; vkanksyu esa 'kkfey reke efgyk usrkvksa ds fopkj vkSjO;ogkj xka/kh ds iqjkruiaFk dks leFkZu u nsus ds ckotwn xka/kh thds gh vf/kd fudV FksA ftlds pyrs vkSjrksa dh Hkkjh rknkn xka/khvkSj dkaxzsl ds usr`Ro okyh jk"Vªh; vkanksyu dh /kkjk ds lkFk vkdj
[kM+h gks x;hAÞ ,d rjQ jk"Vªh; vkanksyu Fks rks nwljh rjQ fganhHkk"kh {ks=k ds ukjh vkanksyuksa vkSj mldh if=kdkvksa }kjk inkZ izFkk]cky fookg] fo/kok fookg] iRuh dh e`R;q gksus ij iq#"kksa }kjkckj&ckj fookg] L=kh f'k{kk vkSj fL=k;ksa ds jktuhfrd vf/kdkj dhleL;kvksa ij vkokt mBkbZ tk jgh FkhA ;g vkokt rRdkyhu fganhflusek esa tgka&rgka lqukbZ iM+us yxh FkhaA
fganh fQYeksa esa csesy fookg] cky fookg] ngst izFkk]fL=k;ksa dk iq#"kksa }kjk mRihM+u ds fo#) izse fookg] vUrtkZrh;fookg] L=kh f'k{kk] L=kh dh O;fäxr&lkekftd vktknh vkfn dsi{k esa vkokt mBkus okyh fQYeksa dh ,d vPNh&[kklh la[;kfn[kkbZ nsrh gSA fL=k;ksa ds reke leL;kvksa dks mtkxj djus esa]
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fganh flusek esa ukjh la?k"kZ% fp=k.k vkSj lektlekt esa vfookfgr efgyk }kjk mRiUu larku dks ^voS/k larku* dgk tkrk gSA ,slh efgyk vkSj
mlds cPps dks lekt cgqr gh ?k`.kk dh utj ls ns[krk gSA 1959 esa ch- vkj- pksiM+k ds funsZ'ku esa
cuh ^/kwy dk Qwy* fQYe blh leL;k ls xzLr ,d vfookfgr efgyk vkSj mlds cPps ds ukjdh;
thou dks lkeus ykrh gSA
fga
vkoj.k dFkk-10
vkfnR; dqekj feJ
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foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
fL=k;ksa dks lkgl nsus esa] tkx#d djus vkSj lekt dks jkg fn[kkusesa fganh flusek us c<+&p<+dj iz;kl fd;s gSaA bl ckr esa dksbZ 'kdugha gS fd igys dh rqyuk esa vc efgykvksa ds eqíksa dks mruhxaHkhjrk ls ugha fn[kk;k tkrk cfYd bu eqíksa dks Hkqukdj iSlkcuk;k tk jgk gSA vktdy dh fQYeksa esa ßL=kh dh okLrfodleL;kvksa dks mBkus dk iz'u rks nwj] mYVs L=kh dh dkeqd] mUeqävkSj LoPNan Nfo ijksldj leL;kvksa dks c<+k;k t:j tk jgk gSAdkWdVsy] MVhZ fiDpj] ftLe] ghjksbZu] eMZj vkSj tgj tSlh fQYesaiq#"kksa dks ,slh fL=k;ksa ds LoIu fn[kkrh gSa tks dkesPNk ls Hkjh] ;kSu
LoPNan vkSj mUeqä gSaAÞ blds ckotwn gekjs lekt esabafXy'k&foafXy'k tSlh fQYesa Hkh vkrh gS tks vkt ds nkSj esaefgykvksa dks la?k"kZ ds fy, izsfjr djrh gSaA
vkerkSj ij fganh Hkk"kh yksx fdlh dks QjkZVsnkj vaxzsthcksyrs ns[kdj ghu Hkkouk ls xzLr gks tkrs gSa vkSj vius vkidks dele>us yxrs gSaA ^bafXy'k foafXy'k* fQYe ,slh gh ,d fganh Hkk"khefgyk dh dgkuh gSA mldh csVh iSjsaV~l&Vhpj ehfVax esa mlds lkFkLdwy tkus esa 'kfeaZnxh eglwl djrh gS D;ksafd mldh eka Ldwy esayksxksa ls vaxzsth esa ckr ugha dj ikrhA vaxzsth 'kCnksa ds xyrmPpkj.k ds dkj.k ?kj ij ifr vkSj cPps mldk etkd mM+krs gSaA'kf'k ?kj ij yìw cukdj csprh gS] ysfdu bls cgqr NksVk dkele>k tkrk gSA mldk ifr ;g dgdj 'kf'k dk etkd mM+krk gSfd ;s rks iSnk gh yìw cukus ds fy, gqbZ gSA tc og viuh cgu dhcsVh dh 'kknh ds fy, U;w;kWdZ tkrh gS rks vaxzsth dk Hkwr ogka Hkhmldk ihNk ugha NksM+rkA ?kj&ifjokj ds ckn fj'rsnkjksa ds lkeus Hkh'kfeaZnxh mBkus dh fLFkfr vkus ij og ogka vaxzsth lh[kus dkQSlyk djrh gSA U;w;kWdZ esa tc 'kf'k vdsyh bafXy'k Dyklesa tkrh gS vkSj FkksM+h&cgqr bl Hkk"kk ls ifjfpr gksrh gS rksmlesa vkRefo'okl vkus yxrk gSA og [kqn ls I;kj djusyxrh gS vkSj mldh ,d ubZ ;k=kk 'kq: gksrh gSA fQYe esacrk;k x;k gS fd efgyk,a vxj Bku ysa rks viuh detksfj;ksaij rkus dlus okys lekt dks viuh ;ksX;rk ls lksp cnyusij etcwj dj ldrh gSaA
blh rjg Dohu fQYe esa uk;d }kjk [kqn dksukf;dk ^jkuh* ls gkbZ LVsVl dk le>dj Bqdjk nsus ds cknHkh jkuh dk gkj ugha ekuuk vkSj vius gkSlys dh ia[kksa lsÅapkbZ Nwus dh dgkuh fn[kkbZ x;h gSA jkuh dks mldk gksusokyk ifr fot; 'kknh ds nks fnu igys crkrk gS fd LVsVl esa
lekurk u gksus ds dkj.k og ;g 'kknh ugha dj ldrkA yanu lsykSVus ds ckn mls jkuh fiNM+h gqbZ yxrh gSA rc jkuh ftlus dHkhlM+d Hkh vdsys ikj ugha dh Fkh] guhewu ij vdsys tkus dk QSlykdjrh gSA og vdsyh isfjl ds fy, fudy iM+rh gS vkSj ogka ls,ElVZMeA ;wa rks Hkkjr esa yM+fd;ksa dks vfr&lqjf{kr ekgkSy esa j[kktkrk gS] yM+fd;ka tgka Hkh tkrh gSa muds lkFk mudk HkkbZ ;k dksbZu dksbZ lxk Hkh lkFk esa tkrk gS] ysfdu ^Dohu* fQYe esa jkuh dstfj;s fn[kk;k x;k gS fd tc og vdsys lQj djrh gS] gksVy esa:drh gS] pksj ls fHkM+rh gS] rks mlesa vkRefo'okl tkxrk gSA fQYeesa jkuh ds eaxsrj dk igys [kqn dks gkbZ LVsVl dk le>uk ckn esaân; ifjorZu gks tkuk iq#"k iz/kku lekt ds >wBs naHk dks n'kkZrkgSA eaxsrj }kjk Bqdjk fn;s tkus ds ckn Hkh jkuh }kjk Mjh&lgehvkSj nq[kh jgus dh ctk; ftanxh dks vius ne ij] vius <ax lsthuk] fL=k;ksa esa lkgl vkSj tq>k:iu ds egRo dks n'kkZrk gSA
lekt esa vfookfgr efgyk }kjk mRiUu larku dks^voS/k larku* dgk tkrk gSA ,slh efgyk vkSj mlds cPps dkslekt cgqr gh ?k`.kk dh utj ls ns[krk gSA 1959 esa ch-vkj-pksiM+kds funsZ'ku esa cuh ^/kwy dk Qwy* fQYe blh leL;k ls xzLr ,dvfookfgr efgyk vkSj mlds cPps ds ukjdh; thou dks lkeusykrh gSA fQYedkj us bl laosnu'khy eqís dks vkSj ihfM+r efgyk dsla?k"kZ dks fQYe ds ek/;e ls lekt ds lkeus ykus dk lkgl fd;kgSA fQYe esa vius ,d lgikBh ls /kks[kk [kkdj ^rksgQs* esa xHkZ esa,d cPps dks ysdj nj&nj dh Bksdj [kkus dks foo'k efgyk dhdgkuh fn[kkbZ xbZ gS fd fdl rjg vfookfgr efgyk tc cPps dkstUe nsrh gS rks og lekt dk lkeuk ugha dj ikrhA izseh ls /kks[kk[kkbZ ehuk uke dh efgyk vius uotkr cPps dks taxy esa NksM+
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vieku vkSj frjLdkj dks Bsaxk fn[kkrh
^bafXy'k&foafXy'k*] ^Dohu*&dqaokjh eka dk ^uktk;t* csVs ds fy,
la?k"kZ dh xkFkk ^/kwy dk Qwy*
foe'kZehfM;k
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vkrh gSA dqN nsj ckn mldh eerk mls f/kDdkjrh gS] mls viuhxyrh dk ,glkl gksrk gS vkSj og cPps dks okil ysus taxy esa mltxg tkrh gS tgka mls og NksM+ vkbZ Fkh ysfdu og mls okil ughaik ikrh D;ksafd cPps dks m/kj ls xqtj jgk vCnqy uke dk ,dbalku ik tkrk gSA og mldk ikyu&iks"k.k djrk gSA cPpk tccM+k gksrk gS rks Ldwy esa nkf[kys ds le; ls gh mls rjg&rjg dhleL;kvksa ls xqtjuk iM+rk gSA
fizafliy cPps dk uke iwNrk gS rks vCnqy dgrk gS fd&jks'ku vyh ;k jks'kuyky dksbZ Hkh uke fy[k yhft,A fQYe esafn[kk;k x;k gS fd lekt esa ^dqavkjh eka* dk nnZ mlds cPps dks Hkh>syuk iM+rk gSA cPpk tc Dykl esa tkrk gS rks mlds lgikBhvkil esa ckr djrs gSa& ßlquk rqeus jks'ku ds eka&cki dk irk ugha]vjs eka&cki D;k] jks'ku ds tkr&ikr rd dk irk ugha] muesa ls ,dNk=k rst vkokt esa iwNrk gS rks D;k jks'ku gjkeh gS\Þ ml cPps dksDykl ds vf/kdrj Nk=k vius cxy esa cSBus ugha nsrsA igpku dsladV ls xzLr cPpk tc fdlh ds cxy esa cSBus tkrk gS rks mls ;glquus dks feyrk& ;gka ugha fe;ka jks'ku vyh] ;gka ugha egk'k;jks'kuyky th] uks uks feLVj jks'ku! bl izdkj iwjk Dykl ml ijgalrk gSA fQYe esa ,d izlax ,slk vkrk gS fd og eklwe cPpk >wBhpksjh ds bYtke esa vnkyr ds lkeus yk;k tkrk gSA ckrksa gh ckrksaesa tt ftls ugha ekywe gksrk fd og [kqn ml ^uktk;t* cPps dkcki gS] cPps ds ckjs esa dgrk gS& eSa bldh csxqukgh vkSj eklwfe;rdks vPNh rjg ls tkurk gwaA bldh fQrjr esa cnek'kh vkSjvkokjxh Hkjh gqbZ gSA ;g ,d ^uktk;t cPpk* gSA ftldk u dksbZcki gS u eka gSA ,sls cPpksa ls 'kjkQr dh mEehn dHkh ugha dh tkldrh!
tokc esa ehuk tt ls lokyksa Hkjs utj ls dgrh gS blcPps ls 'kjkQr dh mEehn blfy, ugha dh tk ldrh D;ksafdbldk cki cM+k ^'kjhQ* Fkk] ;s cPpk blfy, uktk;t gS fd bldheka dh ftanxh dks ¼,d iq#"k }kjk½ f[kykSuk le>dj [ksyk x;kA ;scPpk blfy, uktk;t gS D;ksafd bldh eka dh ftanxh cckZn djusokys us fdlh nwljh vkSjr ls 'kknh jpkdj viuk ?kj vkckn djfy;kA ;ksj vkWuj eSa ml 'kjhQ vkneh dks] bl uktk;t cPps dscki dks vPNh rjg igpku jgh gwaA eq>s ;dhu gS vki bl uktk;tcPps dh eka dks vPNh rjg igpku jgs gksaxsA tt ls dgh xbZ ehukdh ;g ckr gekjs lekt ds reke mu ^bTtrnkj* yksxksa dh vksjb'kkjk djrh gS tks vkSjrksa dh ftanxh cckZn djds cPps lesr mlsvdsyk NksM+ nsrs gSaA ßblh rjg ^D;k dguk* L=kh&'kks"k.k ds fo#)lekt dk fojks/k djrh yM+dh dh dgkuh gS] tks fcu&C;kgh ekWa
curh gS] ij vius xqukg esa iq#"k dks cjkcjh dk lk>snkj eku mls
Hkh ltk nsus dh ckr djrh gSAÞ
ßlekt esa vkerkSj ij ge ns[krs gSa fd ,slh yM+fd;ka tks'kknh ls igys eka cu tkrh gSa og Lo;a ;k mlds ?kj okys mldkpqids ls xHkZikr dj ekeys dks jQk&nQk djus dh dksf'k'k djrsgSaA blh rjg vf/kd fiNM+s lekt esa ;g Hkh laHko gS fd ,slhyM+dh lkekftd Hk; ds dkj.k Lo;a vius dks ekj Mkys ;k mlds
?kj okys mldks tku ls ekj nsaAÞ ysfdu bu nksuksa gh fQYeksa esaefgykvksa }kjk fcuk 'kknh ds xHkZ /kkj.k djus ds ckn xHkZikr djkus;k iSnk gksus ds ckn cPps dks dgha lqulku esa vukFk NksM+dj Hkkxusds fodYi dks izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k gSA /kwy dk Qwy fQYe esa ehukigys cPps dks taxy esa NksM+ rks vkrh gS ysfdu tYn gh mls viuhxyrh dk ,glkl gks tkrk gS vkSj og vius cPps dks okil ysustkrh gSA Hkys gh mls cPpk okil ugha feyrk ysfdu fQYedkj usbl fodYi dks udkj fn;k gS fd lekt ds Mj ls fcu C;kgh ekrk,a,sls cPpksa dks taxy&>kM+h ;k unh&ukyksa ds fdukjs NksM+ vk,aAßfjgkbZ fQYe dh ukf;dk ,d vupkgs laca/k ls Bgjs xHkZ dks cpkusvius izseh] ifr vkSj lkjs lekt ds lkeus MVdj [kM+h gks tkrh
gSAÞ fcu C;kgh eka ;k voS/k fj'rksa ls tUesa larkuksa ij lR;dke¼1969½] e`R;qnaM] vfLrRo] mldh iapoVh] bl rjg dh fQYesalekt dks ,slh 'keZukd vkSj nq[kn ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls cpus ds fy,vkxkg djrh gSa vkSj lekt dks ihfM+r fL=k;ksa ds i{k esa [kM+s gksus dklkgl iznku djrh gSaA
L=kh vxj vU;k;ksa dk fojks/k djuk NksM+ ns rks mlsix&ix ij ^dkaVks Hkjh jkg* ij pyuk iM+rk gSSA ysfdu ;gh L=khtc ;FkkfLFkfr dks vLohdkj dj vius <ax ls fojks/k djus dh Bkuysrh gS rks lekt dks fL=k;ksa ds izfr vius joS;s dks cnyuk gh iM+rkgSA ^nqfu;k u ekus* fQYe esa fueZyk uke dh vukFk yM+dh viusekek&ekeh ds lkFk jgrh gSA /ku ds yksHkh ekek&ekeh iSls ds ykypesa fueZyk dh 'kknh ,d cw<+s vkneh ls dj nsrs gSa tcfd 'kknh lsigys fueZyk dks tks yM+dk fn[kk;k tkrk gS og toku jgrk gSANy&diV ls gqbZ 'kknh ds ckn yksHkh ekek ml cw<+s vehj vkneh lsr;'kqnk iSlk ysrk gS] vkSj cksyrk gS] thr fy;k---gks xbZ 'kknhA'kknh ds ckn ifjokj ds lHkh yksx QksVks f[kapokrs gSa] yM+dh dkscqykus ,d NksVk cPpk vkrk gSA fueZyk dks jksrk ns[kdj oks jksus dkdkj.k iwNrk gSA fueZyk pqi jgrh gS rks og [kqn gh cksy iM+rk gS
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^ifr ijes'oj* dks balku cukrh
L=kh dh dgkuh gS ^nqfu;k u ekus*&
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ßrqEgkj nwYgk rks cM+k vehj vkneh gSA ekek dks oks brus&brus#i;k fnfg'kA vjs ge viuh vkaf[ku ns[khA lc tus feydj rw>s[kwc QalkbuA toku enZ fn[kkok x;k vkSj 'kknh cq<+ok ds lkFkHkokAÞ 'kknh ds ckn og vius cw<+s ifr ds ?kj pyh rks tkrh gSysfdu og bl vU;k; ds fy, ifr vkSj mldh pkph dks tks lcdfl[kkrh gS og iwjs lekt ds lkeus ,d felky gSA bl cw<+s O;fädh igyh iRuh ls gqbZ csVh fueZyk ls Hkh cM+h mez dh jgrh gSAlekt lsok ds dk;ksaZ dh otg ls og ?kj ls ckgj jgrh gSA tc og?kj vkrh gS rks ikrh gS fd mlds firk us viuh csVh dh mez dhyM+dh ls 'kknh dj fy;k gSA
gkykafd og bls vU;k; le>rh gS ysfdu vius firkvkSj nknh ds lkFk fueZyk ds O;ogkj dks ns[kdj og fueZyk lsloky djrh gS& lp dfg;s ftl rjg vki ?kj okyksa ls crkZo djrhgSa blls vkidks T;knk nq[k ugha gksrk\ fueZyk tokc nsrh gS& ßnq[kfdruk gh c<+s eSa cnkZ'r d#axh] exj vU;k; ugha lgu d#axhAeqlhcrksa ds igkM+ lj ij VwVs] eSa viuh riL;k ugha NksM+waxhA ;s esjhykijokgh] ;s esjk crkZo lkjh nqfu;k ij tkfgj gks vkSj tks cw<+s 'kknhdh bPNk j[krs gSa muds fny ng'kr ls FkjkZ,A cw<+s yksx fdlh cPphls 'kknh djus ls igys lksps fd fueZyk tSlh Mk;u vius ikys iM+sxhD;k] bl [kkSQ ls os /kjrh esa lek tk,a vkSj esjs bl dke ls ,d Hkhdqavkjh dU;k dk xyk dVrs&dVrs cp tk, rks eSa le>waxh fd esjhriL;k dk Qy feykA cw<+s dh yM+dh dgrh gS fd fdrus [kkSQukd'kCn] fdrus Hk;kud ij lquus esa fdrus lqanj--- exj nqfu;k ughaekusxhA fueZyk dgrh gS& nqfu;k u ekus ysfdu /ku ds insZ esa HkksyhcfPp;ksa dk xyk dkVus okyksa dks ge ltk D;ksa u nsa\Þ
fueZyk dh ;s ckrsa lekt ds ml oxZ ds eqag ij rekpk gStks cw<+s O;fä;ksa dks de mez dh yM+fd;ksa ls 'kknh dh btktr nsrkgSA bu lkjh ckrksa dks ckgj [kM+k lqu jgk fueZyk dk cw<+k ifr ^cw<+sdh vkSjr] cw<+k&cw<+k* 'kCn cqncqnkrk gqvk nwljs dejs ij pyk tkrkgSA ckn ds ?kVukØe cw<+s dk yM+dk viuh e;kZnk yka?kdj viuh^lkSrsyh eka* fueZyk ij cqjh fuxkg Mkyrk gS vkSj vius firk dslkeus gh fueZyk dks mV&iVkax ckrsa lqukrk gSA og vius firk dksHkh rkus ekjrk gSA ;gka Hkh fueZyk pqi&pki lgu ugha djrh cfYdml nq"V yM+ds dks MaMs ls ihVrh gS vkSj og Hkkx [kM+k gksrk gSAfueZyk ds la?k"kZ vkSj O;ogkj ls cw<+s dk ân; ifjorZu gks tkrk gSAog viuh mez dk [;ky u djrs gq, de mez dh fueZyk ls 'kknhdjus ds fy, mlls ekQh ekaxrk gSA
vius gh gkFkksa mlds ekFks dk flanwj iksN Mkyrk gSA ogfueZyk dks csVh dgdj iqdkjrk gSA fueZyk lekt dh nqgkbZ nsrh gS]
nqfu;k dh jhfr&fjoktksa dh ckr djrh gS rks og cM+h gh U;k;fiz;ckrsa dgrk gS vkSj nqfu;k vkSj /keZ ds vkMacjksa dks ekuus ls budkjdj nsrk gSA ^nqfu;k u ekus* fQYe iwjs lekt dks [kklrkSj ls fL=k;ksadks ;g lh[k nsrh gS fd eka&cki ;k vfHkHkkod }kjk fdlh ls Hkh'kknh djk nsus dks vka[k ewan dj Lohdkj u djsa vkSj v;ksX; ifr dksijes'oj u ekusaA vius deksaZ vkSj O;ogkj ls lekt esa izpfyr^ifr ijes'oj* dks lH; balku cukus dk iz;kl djsaA ge ns[krs gSafd fQYedkjksa us le;≤ ij fganh flusek esa efgykvksa ds'kks"k.k dks eqík cuk;k gS vkSj efgyk ik=kksa }kjk vU;k; ds vkxsflj >qdkus dh ctk; la?k"kZ dk jkLrk pqurs fn[kk;k x;k gSAgkykafd efgykvksa ds eqíksa dks dqN fQYedkjksa }kjk Hkqukdj iSlkdek;k tk jgk gS fdarq fganh flusek ds ldkjkRed i{kksa dh vksj/;ku nsa rks ge ikrs gSa fd blus lekt dks viuh lksp dks cnyus dsfy, izsfjr fd;k gSA fganh fQYeksa esa fL=k;ksa dk la?k"kZ fp=k.k gekjslekt ds fy, vkbus dk dke djrk gSA fL=k;ka fganh flusek dsvkbus esa viuk vkn'kZ pqu ldrh gSa vkSj cqjh ifjfLFkfr;ka vkus ijvius vkn'kZ ds ekxZ dk vuqlj.k dj ldrh gSaA
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Hkkjr dh tux.kuk 2011
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lanHkZ lwph
fQYesa
https://hi-wikipedia-org/wiki/
https://hi-wikipedia-org/wiki/lkfo=khckbZ Qqys
3- fganh flusek% ,d ,sfrgkfld v/;;u] vadqj] panzHkw"k.k] ist ua&130] 131] 133] 134] laLdj.k 1994] jkgqy ifCyf'kax gkÅl]fnYyh&110052
4- ehfM;k foe'kZ] flag] MkW-Jhdkar] ist ua- 112] twu] 2013
5- flusek vkSj lkfgR; dk var%laca/k] felky] MkW- pUnzdkar] istua&100] laLdj.k 2014] fganh lkfgR; fudsru] 16 lkfgR; fogkj]fctukSj ¼m-iz-½
6- fganh flusek dk lekt'kkL=k] ikj[k] tojheYy] ist ua- 189]laLdj.k&2006] izdk'kd& xzaFk f'kYih
7- flusek vkSj lkfgR; dk var%laca/k] felky] MkW- pUnzdkar] istua&93] laLdj.k 2014] fganh lkfgR; fudsru] 16 lkfgR; fogkj]fctukSj ¼m-iz-½
1- bafXy'k&foafXy'k] funsZ'kd&xkSjh f'kans] o"kZ&2012
2- Dohu] funsZ'kd& fodkl cgy] o"kZ&2014
3- /kwy dk Qwy] funsZ'kd& ch- vkj- pksiM+k] o"kZ&1959
4- nqfu;k u ekus] funsZ'kd&oh-'kkarkjke] o"kZ&1937
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o/kkZ esa 'kks/k Nk=k gSaA
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Cover Story- 11Puja Mishra
ave you ever thought what life would bewithout women? I am sure the first word thatw o u l d p o p u p i n y o u r m i n d i s
'INCOMPLETE'. If we admit that women play animportant role in our society, then why do we nevercount her as equal to men? Why women have tofight for their basic rights? Why do we see themwith a different perspective? And why genderinequality, women education, child marriage, girlfeticide and human trafficking are still the burningissues in our 'civilized society'.
India with all its diversity and rich culturehas an ugly side to it. If women have beenworshiped as a goddess, they have been subjectedto 'sati' too. Still, the silent witness and theoppressed women have come a long way. Manywomen have broken the conventional barriers. Butin spite of their increasing number in every field,women still remain perhaps the world's mostunderutilized resource. Facts show when morewomen work, economy grows. An increase infemale labour force participation or a reduction inthe gap between women's and men's labour forceparticipation- results in faster economic growth.Once Swami Vivekananda said,
“There is no change of the welfare of theworld unless the condition of women is improved.It is not possible for a bird to fly on one wing. ”
After 19 century, the position and status ofwomen all over the world has improved incredibly.Today, they are playing a bigger role in economicfield as a worker, consumer, entrepreneur, manageretc. We can now see women in almost every field.They are increasingly and gradually seen marching
into domains which were previously reserved onlyfor men like police, army, driver, commandos.They are educated and successful, but still, there isa big gap that needs to be bridged.
Women empowerment is the most vital toolto strengthen the women in India. There are still somany places where women have no rights andbenefits. They are still struggling at mental,physical and social level. We need to bring thechanges at the grass root level. It is a systematicapproach which we need to develop in India.
Mass media can play a tremendous role inshaping women's role in society- to motivatewomen to achieve their potential as the primemovers of change in society. Today media is themost trusted institution of the people. Media caneffectively convey the message that needs to bedelivered.
Today's Indian media does not earnestlyaddress serious issues of exploitation and unequaltreatment of women in society, but is keen to jumpon news items that can be sensationalized. It is truethat media has highlighted, like never before,certain misdemeanours against women but not as abroader narrative but rather as isolated incidents.We never read women's problem on the front pageof the newspaper unless it is a murder or rape case.Even women's page carries reports almostexclusively on beauty, fashion tips, etc. instead ofaddressing deeper issues like education, health oreven role models.
In today's age, people have different meansof communication and to connect with the world.Media has to take responsibility of their coverage.
th
Media Should be a forerunner in women empowerment
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Today's Indian media does not earnestly address serious issues of exploitation andunequal treatment of women in society, but is keen to jump on news items that can be
sensationalized. It is true that media has highlighted, like never before, certainmisdemeanours against women but not as a broader narrative but rather as isolated
incidents.
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It must step in to help readers, viewers and listenersto know relevant facts concerning womenempowerment. Channels need to produceprograms that talk about gender equality, women'seducation, health and their basic rights. Thereshould be a debate on the social problems that mostof the women are facing at their home. We musttalk about their equal right of income as men.Globally, women are paid less than men, datashows that women in most countries earn on anaverage only 60 to 75 per cent of men's wages.
Media needs to take an extended view ofcrime against women. It has to be moreinstrumental in conducting audits and research toknow the factors responsible for increasing crimerates against women and children includinginvestigative journalism. It will help to createawareness among civil society. When treatingthese kinds of issues, media has to be extremelyfactual and empirical.
Mass media itself portrays a stereotypeimage of women. Media creates the images androles that are seen acceptable by the society likemother is supposed to work in the kitchen andfather at office. Media must project the workingwomen in every sector as a worker not merely as
fulfilling their duties of wife/daughter. They mustme projected as producer not only consumer.
It will take a strong and patient effort to ridthe society of gender based stereotypes. Media hasendless opportunities to change the perception ofpeople. To improve content and coverage, mediashould cover the actions done by NGO's and socialgroups. We need individual stories of positive rolemodels who can create a different image of womenin society. There are hundreds of magazine relatedwith women but they are all devoted to fashion,glamour, cooking, beauty syndrome. There arevery few articles on health awareness, careeropportunities, legal aid, counseling service andfinancial management.
Mass media is not only an entertainmenttool. It has immense power to influence people in ademocratic society. It has a big responsibility ofspreading positive ideas and supportiveapproaches for women empowerment. It can createa different perception and break the stereotypemindset of the people. I have no doubt in sayingthat in this journey of women empowerment,media can play a salutary role in enabling womenachieve their rightful place in society.
mail: [email protected]
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x;kA os 78 o"kZ ds FksA muds ifjokj esa ,d fookfgr iq=kh gSaA deys'k 'kqDyk ds ikfjokfjd lw=kksa ds
eqrkfcd mudk LokLF; fiNys dqN le; ls <hyk py jgk FkkA bl lky tuojh esa os dqN le;
vLirky esa HkrhZ jgs vkSj chp&chp esa tkap djkrs jgrs FksA dqN fnuksa ls mUgsa lkal ysus esa rdyhQ
gks jgh FkhA fnYyh fLFkr olar ,uDyso fLFkr ?kj ij fny dk nkSjk iM+us ls mudk fu/ku gks x;kA
muds nsgkolku ij fp=kdkj lS;n gSnj jt+k QkmaMs'ku us 'kksd O;Dr fd;k gSA
vkikrdky esa tsy esa jgs deys'k ds rhu dfork laxzg ^tjRdk#*] ^[kqys esa vkokl* vkSj ^clko*
izdkf'kr gSaA lkrosa n'kd esa ^fnueku* ls ysdj vc rd dbZ izfrf"Br i=k&if=kdkvksa esa muds ys[k
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jt+k QkmaMs'ku us ,d c;ku esa dgk fd mudk fu/ku Hkkjr ds cqf) vkSj l`tu lalkj ds ,d ew/kZU; dk yksi gksuk gSA deys'k
fganh ds 'kh"kZLFk dfo gksus ds lkFk&lkFk vFkd iqLrd&izseh] Kku ds vuqla/kkudrkZ FksA cgqifBr ij vYiHkk"kh deys'k dk fganh ds vykok
vU; Hkk"kkvksa ds ys[kdksa] fpardksa vkSj fo}kuksa ls yack vkSj fopkjksÙkstd laokn vkSj laidZ FkkA
Cover Story- 12Mamta Ojha
had done my Graduation in Science fromMysore University but somewhere deepinside me I thought that I am a creative
person and therefore should choose a more creativefield like journalism. I appeared for the journalismentrance in Mysore University for post Graduationand was selected. Journalism was a tough activityfor me as a person because I was a very shy naturedintrovert person and we were given fieldassignments to interview eminent people for ourcollege journal' Gangotri which is named afterMysore University Manasa Gangotri. After myGraduation I did my B.ed from Mysore Universityand secured a first class, first position in thecollege. B.ed developed an interest towardsteaching.
During doing Masters in journalism we hadto do our internship and I was selected for thecompany Hindustan Machines Tools in Bangalorefor Public Relations. This period was a struggleperiod because I did not know anything of publicRelations as we were having the subject in thesecond year and I had gone for the internship afterfirst year. I had to directly report to the DirectorPublic Relations Mr. Choudappa who had thereputation of being the best in the industry. He wasa very demanding person and gave me a goodlecture about my lack of knowledge in the field. Hesuggested to me that I buy a book of Sam Blackfrom Gangarams on M.G. Road and read itcompletely before coming to the office. I studiedthe book for the whole night and could understandvery few things of what I read as I did not have aprevious idea of the concept of the subject. During
my internship I got to arrange a number of nationaland international conferences and pressconferences in all big Hotels of Bangalore. I got agood exposure of a very Glamourous life inBangalore where at times I found myself to be verysmall. My shy nature did not allow me to mingleeasily with people but the Director was very keenthat I mingle with people .I could always feel hiseyes focused on whatever I used to do at HMT. Thisinternship helped me so much that though I teach anumber of subjects today, I am known for thesubject Public Relations .Journalism definitelymakes us tough.
When I was married in Indore, it was a totalcultural change. It was migrating from a Gardencity to a city of concrete jungle. For we women it isthe home which is always our first priority and it isalways our dream to become good homemakers.After marriage me and everyone at home thoughtjournalism means press and working in presscannot blend well with the family. It neveroccurred to me that I should go into mediateaching. Moreover Indore university was a far offplace from my house and I did not know how todrive at the time. It was a established fact thatteaching was the best suited profession for womenand thus I joined a reputed school which was nearmy house. After giving my initial ten years aftermarriage to my family, I entered the field ofjournalism and started teaching to media students.In Indian families it is always expected of girls andwomen to be adjusting and to fit into the system.They were never taught to stand out but the
My dream floats into the eyes of my studentswho are going to take it further…..
I
Knowledge, Innovation and dedication are vital for Media Teachers. They need to have aperfect blend of theoretical knowledge and what is actually practised in the Media
Industry. Women especially excel in media teaching as they have a tendency to give theirbest to students and the institution just as they give their best to their home, children andfamily. Teaching is basically communication and women are excellent communicators.Though it is not easy for women to survive in the media field but with their passion and
confidence they are making their mark in the media world.
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situation for women now is changing gradually. Iwas fortunate that in my family working of womenwas allowed and in fact encouraged.
It was a matter of luck that I was given thesubjects Communication, Advertising and PublicRelations to teach to journalism students. It washere that I started exploring my full potential. Iwanted to give best to the classes and thus came outwith creative ideas in teaching. In the process ofteaching I realized the importance of knowledgewhich was becoming oxygen. I had no time tospend in the library as I had to immediately rush tomy house which would be waiting with its share ofresponsibilities. I would prepare for my classes onmy way and back to the university. I applied anactivity based participatory mode of learning in myclasses which was able to connect the students tomy subjects. They would never search for mysubjects in library but would eagerly come andexplore in class. All these subjects which I used toteach in Indore university were based on Humanpsychology and I could do a good job with mysubject because being a woman I was good atHuman Psychology. Teaching Public Relations iseasier being a woman because we manage anumber of relations in our life. We may be happy ornot happy doing it but we have to do it as it isdemanded by us. Once I learnt the basicfundamentals of communication, teachinginternational communication and corporatecommunication became easier. I realized thestrength of these subjects which I started feeling inmy own personality.
To excel in any profession a desire to givethe best to the profession has to be there. Womenhave a tendency of giving, when we want to giveour best to our home, children, students and theinstitution. A teacher can give her best to thestudents when she loves, cares for them and isattached to them. This quality is very prominent inwomen. Teaching is basically communication andwomen are good communicators.
It is not easy for women in the media fieldbecause the profession demands them to be bold,daring and having a mind of their own wheras theIndian society wants them to be submissive andrestricted. These restrictions somewhere create a
suffocation and the desire for freedom deepens.This probably is the plight of Indian media toowhen it is under so many pressures and bondagesand not free. The restrictions imposed on womendo not allow the full potential of the media to beexplored.
As a media teacher I always felt the questfor knowledge because when we stand in front ofstudents we completely drain ourselves of what wehave in us in front of students. I also try to drain outmy students of the knowledge they possess of thesubject so that even they become hungry for thesame. For refilling of the knowledge both me andmy students gulp from wherever we get it. Being inthe field of media we women teachers have toaccess all media of Radio, T.V., Newspaper anddigital media. It is the need of the hour that we haveto be active even on the social media so that we canguide our students about their advantages anddisadvantages. But being women our life isdifferent when we return home from work. Wehave to attend to the household chores. We are notin a position to access media and update ourselves.This factor again somewhere lowers theconfidence. I always thought that I can do a lot ofwonders with whatever information I possess andhence I need to increase my inputs of information.
I did my Ph.D in communication and thetopic was 'Factors affecting selectivity of filmsamong university students' of Madhya Pradesh.Doing Ph.D was also not very easy for me but I didjustice for my research and it is one thing I amproud of. I did my Ph.D with a lot of enthusiasmand passion. While doing research I was taking sixclasses daily, coming home doing household worktill 10 p.m in night and then working for Ph.D till 2a.m midnight. In my research basically I had to findthe factors but I searched for a lot of other thingsalso during this journey. I found out how twentyfive Communication models play an important rolein entertainment. I also found out the role ofmarketing mix like Public Relations, Advertising,Publicity and propaganda in film selection byyouth. The other major finding was the role ofNatyashastra of Bharat Muni in film selection. MyPh.D is also important because in my zeal toexplore the topic from all aspects. I not only used
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the survey method of five hundred respondents, butalso used observation method, interview methodand case study method. The Ph.D not only carriedan overall conclusion but also a chapterwise aswell as pagewise conclusion. It was appreciated inthe Newspaper 'Patrika' and 'Nav Bharat Times' forthe novel and innovative approach.
Teaching has become so much absorbed inmy system that I intend to bring reforms in the fieldof media education as well as the overall educationsystem. Imbibing values in the younger generationand transforming them into vibrant intelligent andenlightened students is one of my goals of life. Itake these issues very seriously when I hearcomplaints from fellow teachers that the presentstudents are good for nothing and lethargic etc. Isomewhere want to cultivate a very positive andenergetic breed.
As a teacher I do a lot of homework formy classroom. I want my classrooms to be soproductive that they shape the media industry. Ithas been the other way round when we have invited
people from the industry all the time to shape ourstudents according to their need and we into mediateaching have been accused of being too idealistic.But we as media teachers want to put a bit ofidealism into the industry and learn a bit ofpracticality from them. The ideal situation is tohave a blend of both. I try to involve the studentsinto the subjects, make them love the subject. It ismy concern to make the students aware about theworking of the media, its needs. Its challenges,survival and future. I try to make them passionateabout media so that they live, eat, breathe, sleepand feel media. When I dream of reforms in themedia sector, I am aware that I cannot do it aloneand so I try to float and transfer this dream into theeyes of my students and in all those whom I see thepotential.
My Dream- Writer is Associate Professor ofSchool of Media and Communications,
Jagran Lakecity University, Bhopal
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gwa fdarq eSa muds x| dk nhokuk gwaA vkt os dgha Nis gksa] mUgsa i<+us
dk yksHk NksM+ ugha ikrkA
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esa fldqM+rk fn[krk gS rks mudh dfork esa T;knk txg ?ksj jgk gSA
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viyd fQYe dks ns[krs gq, iyd rHkh >idrh gS tcfd fQYe dk
e/;kodk'k vkrk gSA
fQYe ds fuekZrk vkSj funsZ'kd jktkekSfy us vius firk
}kjk fyf[kr izkphu Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd oa'k ds van:uh ?keklku
dk csgn lathnk ltho fQYekadu fd;k gSA dgkuh 'kq# gksrh gS
fgeky; dh miR;dkvksa ij cls ekfg"erh uxj dh ml
xzkfQDle; fp=kkoyh ls ftlesa xaxk dh /kkjk dh rjg oä
jktegy esa vB[ksfy;ka [ksyrk vkxs c<+rk gSA ijns ij ekuks
fgeky; dh rygVh esa cls Hkkjrh; jktoa'k dk izkphu xkSjoe;h
thou fFkjd mBrk gS] ik'oZ ls e/kqj laxhr ctus yxrk gS]
'kCn&'kCn y;c) lqj&rky dkuksa esa xwatus yxrs gSa] fnekx esa fopkj
?kqeM+us yxrs gSaA
ckgqcyh fQYe dk iksLVj nwljh fQYeksa dh rjg gh fQYe
ds ikSjkf.kd vkSj ,sfrgkfld gksus dh xokgh nsrk gSA lkFk esa ;g
ladsr Hkh fd ;g fQYe Hkh ekj&dkV] ykbV&,D'ku ds eqacbZ;k
laLdj.k dk udy&uewuk gksxh ysfdu ;g vk'kadk fQYe 'kq# gksrs
gh lekIr gks tkrh gSA fQYe ds xhr&laxhr] n`';koyh lc dk
vlj izkjaHk ls gh n'kZdksa dks cka/kdj j[kus esa lpeqp csgn
izHkkodkjd gSA
xtc E;wftd gS] xtc rky gS] <ksy uxkM+s vkSj rqjgh
ctrh gS fd cl ,d ,d Bksds dks lqurs ns[krs eglwl djrs fQYe
esa [kksrs u pys tk,a [kqnc[kqn vki fd irk py tk,xk] ckgqcyh
ugha ns[kk rks dqN ugha ns[kkA vjj&ejj&rjj laxhr dh lqjs[k /kqu
fnekx dks fctyh ds rM+drh js[k dh rjg >ad`r vkSj peRd`r
djrh pyh tkrh gSA
'kq#vkr gh ekfeZd rLohj ls gksrh gS fd lkjh bafnz;ka
fldqM+dj igys dgha dksus esa fleVus yxrh gSa fQj [kqyrh tkrh gSa
dgkuh ds ijr&nj&ijr [kqyrs tkus ds lkFkA vkf[kj rd lLisal
vkSj loky fd ckgqcyh D;ksa ekjk x;kA dMIik us fo'okl?kkr D;ksa
fd;k gksxkA gj rLohj ij utjsa xM+ tk,a] ,slk u;kfHkjke
fQYekaduA
,d cqtqxZ efgyk ftlds gkFk esa uotkr f'k'kq gS] og unh
dh /kkjk ds lax tku cpkdj Hkkx jgh gksrh gS] izk.k ds ihNs iM+s
nq'eu ny ls cpus dh dksf'k'k esa fd vpkud ,d rhj pyrk gS]
efgyk ds dysts esa ?kql tkrk gSA ysfdu og cqtqxZ efgyk Hkh xtc
lkglhA vius ckgq mBkdj mxrs lw;Z dks ns[kdj vkokt nsrh gS fd
bl ckgqcyh dks thuk gksxk D;ksafd ekfg"erh ds jktflagklu dk
;g okfjl gS] gs lw;Znso] bls thuk gksxk] bls cpkuk gksxkA og cqtqxZ
efgyk cQZ dh rjg BaMh fgeky; ls fudyrh unh esa dwn tkrh gS
viuh nkfguh Hkqtk ds iats esa f'k'kq dks tdM+s gq,A efgyk dh
fu<ky nsg ikuh esa cgrh tkrh gS ysfdu cPps dks fy, vdM+h Hkqtk
unh ds ÅijA tc rd vkf[kjh lkal gS jktoa'k ds dqynhid dks
cpkus dh oSlh gh dksf'k'k tSls fpÙkkSM+ ds jktoa'k ds fpjkx dks
cpkus ds fy, iUuk/kk; dk cfynkuA mÙkqax igkM+ksa ds f'k[kj dh
vksj b'kkjk djrh gqbZ unh dh /kkjk ls Åij fudyh gqbZ Hkqtk ij
jksrs cPps dh vkokt fdukjs tk jgs ouokfl;ksa ds dkuksa esa iM+rh gSA
ouokfl;ksa dh jkuh vkokt nsrh gS vius lSfudksa dksA Nikd]
Nikd] ouoklh dwn iM+rs gSa cPps vkSj cqtqxZ efgyk dks cpkus ds
fy,A f'k'kq rks cp tkrk gS ysfdu cqtqxZ efgyk dh nsg unh dh
osxorh /kkjk ds lkFk nwj pyh tkrh gS jä dk yky jax lkFk fy,
dHkh u feyus ds fy,A
[krjs ds bl v/;k; dks ns[kdj Mjh ouokfl;ksa dh jkuh
uotkr f'k'kq dks ikdj [kq'k gks tkrh gSA ouoklh le> tkrs gSa fd
ioZrksa ds Åij ls unh ds izikr ds lkFk vk;k ;s nsorqY; uotkr
f'k'kq vlk/kkj.k gSA bl ckyd ds psgjs ij peRdkj Hkjh jks'kuh gS]
ns[kus esa jktoa'k dk yxrk gS fd vpkud dqN lSfudksa dh yk'k
feyus dh [kcj vkrh gSA ouokfl;ksa dh jkuh le> ysrh gS fd
t:j ioZr ds Åij ekfg"erh jktoa'k esa jäikr gqvk gSA igkM+ksa ds
Åij ls uhps vkus okys bdykSrk xqQk dk jkLrk oks le>nkj jkuh
can djok nsrh gS vkSj f<a<ksjk ihV fn;k tkrk gS fd uotkr f'k'kq
dk uke f'kok gS]tks ouokfl;ksa dh jkuh dh larku gS rkfd ioZrksa ds
Åij dHkh ;s [kcj Hkh u tk, fd dksbZ cPpk ouokfl;ksa dks feyk
gS---A tSls tsy esa iSnk gq, nsodh iq=k d`".k ;equk dh mQurh /kkjk
dks yka?krs gq, ;'kksnk dh xksn esa vk fojkts] dqN oSls gh e`R;q dks
ekr nsdj f'kok Hkh ouokfl;ksa dh jkuh dk csVk cudj ouokfl;ksa
ds chp gh iyus yxkA ouoklh jkuh dh gj {k.k ;gh dksf'k'k fd
dHkh mlds csVs dks ;g irk u yx lds fd og vly esa gS dkSu
vkSj vk;k dgka ls gSA
ckgqcyh fQYe dk ;gh NksVk&lk ekfeZd izkjaHk gSA
ouokfl;ksa ds chp f'k'kq f'kok cM+k gksrk gS ysfdu ges'kk mldk eu
mls ioZrksa dks yka?kdj mlds Åij tkus ds fy, izsfjr djrk jgrk gS
tgka ,d egku lkezkT; gS ftldk uke gS ekfg"erhA ysfdu f'kok
dh eka dh dksf'k'k ;gh fd cPps dh igkM+ksa dks yka?kdj Åij tkus
dh yyd NwVs---A og Hkxoku f'ko ds iqtkjh ds ikl tkrh gS] ioZrksa
dks yka?kdj Åij tkus dh f'kok dh dqnjrh izo`fÙk dks jksdus ds
86
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
fy, izkFkZuk djrh gSA ;g izkFkZuk dk n`'; Hkh vn~Hkqr gS] iqtkjh
ckck dk jksy djus okys vnkdkj us Hkwfedk ds lkFk iwjk U;k; fd;k
gS vkSj tSls gh f'kok dks irk pyrk gS fd iqtkjh ckck us unh fdukjs
ÅapkbZ ij cus f'kofyax dks unh ds ty ls 101 ckj tykfHk"ksd dk
ftEek mldh eka dks fn;k gS] f'kok ,d cM+k QSlyk ysrk gS fo'kky
f'kofyax dks vius da/kksa ij ykndj gtkjksa QhV Åij ls fxj jgs
tyizikr ds uhps j[kus dk rkfd pSchlksa ?kaVs vkBksa ;ke f'ko dk
tykfHk"ksd gksrk jgsA
fo'kky f'kofyax dks da/ks ij mBkdj jko.k dh f'koLrqfr
ds lqje; laxhr ds lkFk f'kok ;kuh fQYe ds ghjks izHkk"k ds lqxfBr
dljrh 'kjhj ds lkFk thoar tkunkj vfHku; dks dSejs ds deky
ls xtc izHkko'khyrk feyh gSA jko.kd`r f'ko rkaMo Lrks=k dks ftl
csgn 'kkunkj vankt esa bl fQYe esa laxhrc) fd;k x;k gS] dksbZ
Hkh cl ns[krk vkSj lqurk gh jg tk,---A
vkSj bl xhr ds lkFk 'kgukbZ oknu vkSj Me: dh /ofu
dk 'kkunkj y;c) iz;ksxA jkek;.k ds jko.k dh ;kn vk xbZ eq>s
fd mlus fdl rjg ls f'ko dh fodV lk/kuk dh Fkh] ,d egku
iafMr dSls jkLrk HkVddj ckn esa f'ko ds gh vkjk/; Jhjke ls
Vdjk cSBk Fkk---A
vkSj iwjk xkuk gh f'korkaMo L=kks=k ds lkFk xtc xwaFkk
gqvk ftls tehu ls ysdj vkleku rd igkM+ksa vkSj izikrksa ds chp
csgn gh [kwclwjrh ls rM+drs lqjksa ds lkFk ls bl rjg fQYek;k x;k
gS fd vfoLej.kh; u Hkwrks u Hkfo";frA
ouoklh jkuh dh reke dksf'k'kksa ds ckotwn f'kok ,d
fnu ioZrksa ds ml ikj tyizikr ds Åij fgeky; esa cls ekfg"erh
jkT; dh ljgnksa esa izos'k djus esa lQyrk gkfly dj gh ysrk gS
tgka mldh eka nsolsuk dSn jgrh gS ftldk mls nwj nwj rd irk Hkh
ugha gksrkA fuekZrk&funsZ'kd jktkekSfy us ioZrksa ij p<+kbZ ds nkSjku
J`axkj ds i{k dks Hkh cM+h [kwclwjrh ls brus eghus vkSj jaxhu rjhds
ls fijks fn;k gS fd ns[kdj vki jksekafpr gks mBsaxsA njvly
tyizikr dh /kkj ls f'kok dks ,d fnu ,d ;qorh dk [kwclwjr
eq[kkSVk feyrk gS ftls ns[kdj og dYiuk yksd esa [kks tkrk gS fd
fuf'pr :i ls tyizikr ds ml ikj cQhZys igkM+ksa ij dksbZ gS tks
mls cqyk jgk gS] tgka igqapuk mlds thou dk edln gSA rks vius
dYiukyksd dh lqanjh dks lksprs gq, og lSdM+ksa ckj Åaps igkM+ksa ls
fxjdj Hkh Åij p<+rs tkus dk y{; ugha NksM+rk gS vkSj vkf[kj ,d
fnu Åij igqapdj gh ne ysrk gSA ;gha ls 'kq# gksrk gS ekfg"erh
jkT; ds Hkhrj py jgs jkT;kf/kdkj ds "kMîa=kh Ny vkSj
fo'okl?kkr Hkjh dgkuh ds ijr nj ijr dk [kqyklk ftlesa f'kok
dh vlyh eka ekfg"erh jkT; dh vlyh jkuh nsolsuk chrs 25
lkyksa ls cYykynso dh dSnh gSA jktegy esa ,dek=k jkT; dk
oQknkj cqtqxZ lsukifr dM+Iik gh mldk 'kqHkfpard gS tks pkgrk gS
fd lkezkT; dh vly jkuh vktkn gks tk, ysfdu nsolsuk Nqidj
vktkn gksus ls ckj ckj euk djrh gS vkSj mls tjsZ&tjsZ ls vkokt
vkrh ekywe iM+rh gS fd ,d fnu mlds ifr ckgqcyh dk csVk
mldk ckgqcyh vk,xk mls NqM+kus ds fy, tks unh dh /kkj esa
cgdj nwj tk pqdk Fkk--A dSyk'k [ksj dh vkokt esa nsolsuk ds fny
esa /k/kdrk nnZ dystk phj nsrk gS----A
vtc ;s fd fQYe ds xhr esa laLd`r ds 'kCnksa dk tedj
iz;ksx gqvk gS] dbZ txgksa ij fQYe ds ewy rsyqxw 'kCnksa dks tl dk
rl j[kk x;k gS fQj Hkh fganh esa Mc fQYe ds vlj esa dgha ls dksbZ
deh ugha fn[krh gSA tSls----ekfg"erh jkT; dk laxhre; lqjhyk
y;c) o.kZu fny&fnekx ij xgjk vlj NksM+us esa dke;kc gqvk
gSA
tVkdVkglaHkzeHkzefufyaifu>Zjh]
foyksyohfpoYyjhfojktekuewnZ~/kfuA
/kx)x)xTtoyYyykViêikods]
fd'kksj panz 'ks[kjs jfr izfr{k.ke~ eeAAA
dkSu gS oks dkSu gS oks dgka ls oks vk;k]
pkjksa fn'kkvksa esa rst lk oks Nk;kA
mldh Hkqtk,a cnys dFkk,a]
HkkxhjFkh rsjh rjQ f'koth pys ns[k tjk ;s fofp=k ek;kA
/kjk/kjsanz uafnuh
foyklca/kqc/kqjLQqjfíxUrlUrfrizeksn ekuekulsA
d`ik dVk{k/kksj.khfu#)nq/kZjkifn]
Dofpfíxacjs euks fouksnesrq oLrqfuAA
ty jgh fprk] lkalksa esa gS /kqvka
fQj Hkh vkl gS eu esa txh
Hkksj gksxh D;k dHkh ;gka iwNrh ;gh gSa
;s csfM+;ka] ns[k rks dkSu gs ;s---A
ekfg"erh lkezkT;e loksZÙke vts;e]
n'kksa fn'kk,a vkBks ;ke lc bldks djrs iz.kkeA
[kq'kgkyh oSHko'kkyh le`f);ka fujkyh]
/kU; /kU; gS ;gka iztk] 'kCn dk ;s LoxZ /kkeA
ekfg"erh dh irkdk lnk >wes] xxu pwes]
v"Vnso vkSj lw;Znso feyds LoxZ flagklu fojktsA
foe'kZehfM;k
87
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
ekfg"erh jkT; dk laxhre; o.kZu vkSj fo'kkydk; lsV
dk fuekZ.k [kqn esa pSadkus okyk gSA lSdM+ksa djksM+ dh ctV okyh bl
fQYe esa ekfg"erh dh dYiuk vkSj mlds lkezkT; dk fnXn'kZu [kqn
esa gh bruk HkO; gS fd lkalkfjd vka[ksa mldh ped ls pqaf/k;k tk,
ftlds flagklu ij "kM;a=k ds cy ij vius HkkbZ vkSj vlyh jktk
ckgqcyh dk [kkRek dj vc cYykynso jkt dj jgk gSA
bl fQYe dh iwjh dgkuh esa ckgqcyh ds lkFk lcls
izHkko'kkyh fdjnkj dMIik dk gS tks ,d vksj iwoZ jktk ckgqcyh dh
25 lky ls dSn esa jg jgh iRuh nsolsuk vkSj iwoZ lezkV ckgqcyh dk
vuU; Hkä gS ysfdu tks nsolsuk ds ifjokj ds 'k=kq jktk cYykynso
ds j{kk esa mlh rjg tku fNM+drk gS tSls dkSjo oa'k dh j{kk esa
Hkh"e firkeg us thou [kik;k FkkA dMIik ds fdjnkj ij gh
ckgqcyh fQYe dk igyk ikVZ [kRe gksrk gS bl jgL; ds [kqykls ds
lkFk fd dMIik us gh vly esa lezkV ckgqcyh dh ihB esa ryokj
Hkksad dj mldh gR;k dh FkhA lLisal dk tokc vxys lky
ckgqcyh ikVZ&2 esa feysxk fd dM+Iik us vius lezkV ckgqcyh dks
D;ksa ekjkA
f'kok ;kuh lezkV ckgqcyh ds iq=k ckgqcyh f}rh; ds
lkeus [kqn dMIik gh ;s [kqyklk djrk gS rks mldh vka[ks Hkj vkrh
gSa fd ftl lezkV ds fy, mlus thou fn;k] ,d fnu mlds thou
dk var Hkh mlh ds gkFkksa gqvk--A
---ouokfl;ksa ds chp ls fudydj ckgqcyh tc
ekfg"erh esa gypy iSnk djrk gS vkSj cYykynso dks egy esa [krjs
dh ?kaVh lqukbZ nsus yxrh gS rks ;gh dMIik ckgqcyh dks ?ksjus dh
dksf'k'k Hkh djrk gSA ckgqcyh dk csVk f'kok dSn ls egkjkuh
nsolsuk dks jFk ij cSBkdj jktegy ls fudy Hkkxrk gS rks mls
jksdus ds ekspsZ ij dMIik gh ihNs yxrk gSA vkSj blh la?k"kZ ds
njE;ku ckgqcyh f}rh; dk eqdkcyk vius firk ds 'k=kq jgs ppsjs
HkkbZ cYykynso ds csVs ls gksrk gSA lezkV ckgqcyh dh /keZ ryokj
tks dM+Iik ds ikl ges'kk lqjf{kr jgrh gS] mlh ls cYyky ds csVs
dh xnZu ds /kM+ ls vyx gksus dh rLohj Hkh xtc thoar vkSj
ykseg"kZd vfHku; ls Hkjh gS fd ns[kdj jksaxVs [kM+s gks tkrs gSaA
blh ?kVuk esa dMIik dks ;g vglkl gks tkrk gS fd tks
/keZ ryokj mlds ?kksM+s fl)k ds peZisVh ls fudydj lh/ks f'kok ds
gkFk esa igqap xbZ rks ;g ?kVuk lk{kh gS fd f'kok gh ckgqcyh dk csVk
gS] ekfg"erh jkT; dk vlyh mÙkjkf/kdkjhA vkSj rc dMIik fQYe
dks ¶yS'kcSd esa ys tkrk gS fd dSls ekfg"erh jkT; ds mÙkjkf/kdkj
dk l?k"kZ ckgqcyh vkSj cYyky esa 'kq# gksrk gS vkSj dSls nksuksa HkkbZ
dkyds; dh jk{klh lsuk dk lagkjdj ekfg"erh ds lezkV vkSj
lsukifr in ij egkjkuh f'koxkeh }kjk fu;qfä fd, tkrs gSaA
fons'kh geykoj dkyds; dh jk{klh lsuk ds lkFk ;q)
dk n`'; vkSj izkphu O;wg jpuk ds le; dk fQYekadu Hkh cgqr
tkunkj gSA iqjkus le; esa ;q) gksrk dSls Fkk] mldh O;wg jpuk dk
thoar fQYekadu egkHkkjr dh ;kn fnykrk gS vkSj j.k{ks=k esa ns'k
dks cpkus ds fy, dkyds; dh lsuk ds lkFk ckgqcyh vkSj cYyky
dk Hkh"k.k laxzke y{; izkfIr ds lkeus thou dh u'ojrk dks
crkrk gqvk gYnh ?kkVh dh bu 'kfä'kkyh iafä;ksa esa izk.k Mkyrk
izrhr gksrk gS&
egkjkuh f'koxkeh dk vfHku; Hkh Nki NksM+us okyk gS
vkSj laokn Hkh fd& esjk opu gh gS 'kkluA ;q)Hkwfe esa dkyds; dh
vka[ks fudkydj mlds 'kjhj dks fx) vkSj dkSoksa dk vkgkj cuk
nsus dh f'koxkeh dh izfrdkj Hkjh yydkj ekuks gj Hkkjrh; ukjh
ds LokfHkeku dks vkokt nsrh gSA ;s ogh f'koxkeh gS tks viuh
Hkqtkvksa esa lezkV ckgqcyh ds fpjkx 10 eghus ds ckgqcyh ds csVs dks
ysdj fQYe ds izkajHk esa Hkkxrh fn[krh gS] viuk thou nsdj ns'k ds
fpjkx dks cpkrh gS D;ksafd lezkV ekj fn, tkrs gSa vkSj ,deso
mÙkjk/kdkjh ds ihNs nq'eu iM+ tkrs gSaA
oSjh ny dks yydkj fxjh] og ukfxu lh QqQdkj fxjhA
Fkk 'kksj ekSr ls cpks cpks] ryokj fxjh ryokj fxjhAA
iSny] g;ny] xtny esa] Ni Ni djrh og fudy xbZA
{k.k dgk¡ xbZ dqN irk u fQj] ns[kks pe&pe og fudy xbZAA
ygjkrh Fkh flj dkV dkV] cy[kkrh Fkh Hkw ikV ikVA
fc[kjkrh vo;o ckV ckV] rurh Fkh yksgw pkV pkVAA
{k.k Hkh"k.k gypy epk epk] jk.kk dj dh ryokj c<+hA
Fkk 'kksj jä ihus dks ;g] j.k&paMh thHk ilkj c<+hAA
88
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
xtc ckr ;s fd ftl
lqanjh dh dYiuk dj f'kok igkM+ksa
ds Åij p<+rk gS og [kqn esa f'kok
dh eka nsolsuk dks cYykynso dh
dSn ls vktkn djkus ds vfHk;ku
esa fudyh gksrh gSA
iwoZ lezkV ckgqcyh ds
leFkZd ckxh txyksa esa jgdj
nsolsuk dh vktknh dk vfHk;ku
thfor j[krs gSa ftlesa la;ksx ls
ckgqcyh ds csVs dh ,u oä ij
,aVªh gksrh gS vkSj og vius lkgl
vkSj 'kkS;Z ls vius dYiukyksd
dh vly lqanjh dks izHkkfor
djrk gS] cYykynso ds lSdM+ksa
lSfudksa ds ?kkrd izgkj ls lqanjh
dh j{kk djrk gS vkSj ckn esa lqanjh
dks ikus ds fy, mlds y{; dks
viuk cuk ysrk gS] nsolsuk dks
vktkn djkus ds fy, Nqidj
ekfg"erh jkT; esa izos'k djrk gS]
vkSj mls vkHkkl rd ugha gksrk gS fd og vius ekrk&firk vkSj
iqj[kksa ds jkT; dh vktknh ds fy, gh la?k"kZ dj jgk gSA
fQYe dk lans'k tks eq>s le> esa vk;k gS fd fu;fr
vius vly mÙkjkf/kdkjh vkSj usrk dks ikdj gh izlUu gksrh gSA
ftls thuk gS vkSj ftls dqN djuk gS rks og djds gh jgrk gS] ;s
uk;dRo fdlh dks fdlh dh d`ik ls ugha feyrkA tks lq;ksX; gS]
lcy gS] l{ke gS vkSj ns'k ds tu&tu ls izse djus okyk gS] og gj
va/ksjs dks phdj gj fujk'kk vkSj grk'kk dks ijkftrdj ns'k dk
uk;d cudj fudyrk gS] vkxs c<+rk gS D;ksafd ftlds gkFk dh
ydhjksa esa ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk dk Hkkj fy[kk gS] mls oä dh dksbZ
ryokj feVk ugh ldrhA gj bLikrh ryokj mlh rjg nks VqdM+s gks
tkrh gS tSls fd dMIik dh ryokj ds lkeus dkcqy ds dkjksckjh
dh ryokj VqdM+s VqdMs VwVdj fc[kj tkrh gSA
fQYe ls nwljk lans'k tks feyrk gS fd ekfg"erh jkT;
vxj Hkkjr o"kZ gS rks fQj blds 'kklu dh cht&j{kk dk nkf;Ro
dMIik vkSj f'koxkeh tSls yksxksa dks laHkkyuk gksxk] vkxs c<+uk
gksxk ml ckgqcyh ds fy, ftls Hkokuh Hkxorh us dgha va/kdkj esa
HkVdrk NksM+ j[kk gS vkSj ftldk bartkj tu&x.k&eu thou Hkj
cM+h vkrqjrk ls djrk jgrk gS D;ksafd yksdra=k dh lQyrk Hkh
dqnjrh bZekunkj uk;dksa ij fuHkZj djrh gS] tks jktuhfr dks vius
ls tqM+s pan yksxksa dk dkjksckj pykus] djksM+ksa ukxfjdksa dk gd
ekjdj pan eYVhus'kuy dkWjiksjsV dks Qk;nk nsus vkSj Hkkjro"kZ dh
vly vkRek dks dqpydj ns'k esa fons'kh jkT; ds gLrd cuus dh
dksf'k'k djsaxs rks mUgsa le>uk gksxk fd yksdra=k dh egkjkuh
nsolsuk vkSj xaxk ds eSnku esa gtkjksa lky ls iy jgs mlds ckgqcyh
iq=k T;knk fnu rd dSnh eqnzk esa [kkeks'k ugha jgus okys gSaA
vkf[kjh ckrA vxj fQYe ugha ns[kh gS] t#j ns[kus
tkb,A ns[k pqds gSa rks ifjokj dks ys tkb,A ifjokj lfgr ns[k pqds
gSa rks fQj ls ns[k vkb, D;ksafd ckgqcyh fQYe us Hkkjrh; fQYe
baMLVªh esa cM+h ydhj [khap nh gSA
thou izlj 'kkS;Z /kkjk] mÙkjk fLFkj xaHkhjkA
thouk izlj 'kkS;Z /kkjk] mÙkjk fLFkj xaHkhjkAA
ys[kd fnYyh esa vktrd U;wt pSuy ls tqM+s gSa
eks- 07838944419
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cspkjs xjhc usrk
izlaxo'kr#.k fot;
Hkh lkekU; :i ls fdlh usrk dks cktkj esa [kjhnkjh djrs
ns[kk gS vkius\ ,slk gks gh dSls ldrk gSA mudh izfr"Bk
de gks tk,xhA fojks/kh dgsaxs&iSny gks x, gSa cspkjsA vxj dHkh
,slk gks Hkh] rks mldk n`'; dqN ,slk gksxk&usrkth vkB&nl pSuy
okys dSejksa ds izdk'k esa [kku ekdsZV ;k ekykckj fgy ;k ,aVkWi fgy
esa tk,axs] fdlh nqdku esa ?kqlsaxs] fQj glsaxs vkSj ,dk/k pkdysV ;k
diM+k ysdj dqN ,slk c;ku nsdj ?kj ykSVsaxs&nsf[k, ge lkekU;
tu gSa] xjhch vkSj cngkyh ls Hkjs ns'k esa 'kkuks&'kkSdr ls jguk
[kjkc ekurs gSaA ?kj vkdj Fkd dj pwj gq,&ls vius yksxksa ls
dgsaxs&vkidks D;k dgsa] rfud cktkj x, fd yksxksa us ?ksj fy;k]
vkWVksxzkQ ysus okyksa dh HkhM+] ckgjh cqd LVksj okys us rks dbZ ubZ
fdrkcsa HksaV dj nha] Fkd x, HkkbZ!
nqfu;k esa Hkkjr gh ,slk ns'k gksxk] tgka csbafrgk vehj
usrk] vlhfer /ku ls ;qDr ,dM+ksa esa QSys caxyksa ds vknh gks pqds
Hkjh frtksfj;ksa okys yksx xkao] xjhc] cngky] nfjnz] Hkkjr dh
rLohj cnyus dh ckrsa djrs gSaA muls lgt Hkko ls muds lkFk
mBuk& cSBuk dYiukrhrA ij os elhgk gSaA
gekjs usrkvksa dk dksbZ lkekU;tu] e/;oxhZ; O;fDr
fe=k gks gh ugha ldrkA elhZMht] ch,eMCY;w okys] xjfe;ka
vesfjdk esa fcrkus okys] pquko esa nks&ikap&nl djksM+ nsus okys]
muds ?kj] ifjtu ds [kpsZ vkSj u[kjs mBkus okys] mudh 'kku esa
dlhns i<+us okys] muds njckjh gh muds fudV ;k fe=k gksrs gSaA
ysfdu murhl&rhl lky ckn dHkh cktkj tkus ;k lk/kkj.k iy
thus dk bf'rgkj bruk caVrk gS fd rkSckA
,d ckj Hkkjrh; etnwj la?k ds laLFkkid v/;{k nÙkksiar
BsaxMh us ,d vkichrh lR; ?kVuk lqukbZA os egkjk"Vª ds ,d
LVs'ku ls fnYyh vk jgs FksA lsdsaM ,lh esa vkj{k.k FkkA rHkh ,d
cM+s usrk&jktuhfrd usrk&mlh xkM+h ls fnYyh tkus vk,A BsaxMhth
dks ns[k dj ueLdkj fd;k] iwNk fdl fMCcs esa vkidk vkj{k.k gSA
crk;k&lsdsaM ,lh esaA os vk'p;Z ls cksys] ugha] ugha BsaxMhth]
vkidks QLVZ ,lh esa pyuk pkfg,A lsdsaM ,lh ;k Lyhij esa pyuk
ehfM;k dks crkus ds fy, rks Bhd gS] ij ogka Qkyrw ds cgqr&ls
yksx fey tkrs gSa] rjg&rjg ds loky djrs gSa& rax djrs gSaA QLVZ
,lh esa vkjke ls lQj gksrk gSA BsaxMhth eqLdjk,&cksys] eSa Hkh
Qkyrw dk vkneh gwa] mUgha yksxksa ls nks feuV ckr djus dk tks lq[k
gS og QLVZ ,lh esa dgka\
,sls usrkvksa ds ikl rhu&pkj&ikap lkS djksM+ ls de iSls
dgka gksrs gSaA budh xkfM+;ka] buds R;kSgkj] buds ikfjokfjd
vk;kstu] buds nkSjs] buds ij¶;we vkSj /kkfeZd jhfr&fjoktksa ij
nkorksa ds [kpZ] fons'kksa esa buds cPpksa dh i<+kbZ vkSj ehfM;k dk
tcnLr eSustesaV&budh xjhch vkSj cspkjxh dk thrk&tkxrk lcwr
gSA
jktuhfr njvly] equkQs vkSj laink o`f) dk lkSnk gks
xbZ gSA bls ?kkVs dk lkSnk cukus okyk pkfg,A vehjh esa rSjrs gq,
lkaln cuuk] cM+s&cM+s QkeZ gkmlksa ds izHkqvksa dk vyad`r Hkk"kk esa
xjhch vkSj n;uh; Hkkjrh;ksa ij ckSf)d foykl djuk bruk
lkekU; gS fd yxrk gS] laln dh lfClMh ij] csgn de nkeksa ij
Hkh pk; nsus dh izFkk can gksuh pkfg, gh] cfYd ogka lkalnksa ds
Hkkstu ij ikap izfr'kr vf/kHkkj tksM+dj ml iSls ls cspkjs prqFkZ
Js.kh ds deZpkfj;ksa ds cPpksa ds f'k{kk QaM ;k e/;kgu Qykgkj dks
cuk nsuk pkfg,A tks nl #i;s dk Hkkstu [kkdj lkS #i;s fVi ns
nsrs gSa] mUgsa lfClMh D;ksa\
xjhc ns'k ds vehj usrkvksa ds pquko [kpZ fnekx iyVus
okys lkfcr gksrs gSaA dHkh U;w;kdZ esa jSxfidlZ ikfVZ;ka gksrh FkhaA
/kudqcsj] fQDFk ,osU;w ds jaxhu okrkoj.k esa xjhc QVsgky] dwM+k
cVksjus okyksa dh iSaV igu nkorsa djrs FksA /ku ds vry esa fopj.k
djrs&djrs tks cksfj;r gksrh gS] mls nwj djus ds fy, os xjhch dk
ycknk vks<+ rfud ^fFkzy* eglwl djrs FksA cM+k vPNk yxrk FkkA
tSls ikap flrkjk gksVy esa dSalj ejhtkssa dh enn ds fy, ,d
nkuik=k j[kk jgrk gS] tSls nkÅn bczkfge ;k gkfQt lbZn ds dejs
esa fdlh rjg dksbZ vk/;kfRed] lnkpkj okyh iafDr nhokj ij Vaxh
gks] oSls turk ls ijgst dj vius /ku&oSHko ds izfr vklfDr j[k
dj usrk turk dh lsok djrs] lgkuqHkwfr trkrs] xjhc cPpksa dks
xksnh esa mBkdj mudh cgrh ukd viuh lkM+h vkSj vaxoL=k ls
iksaNrs gq, QksVks f[kapokus okys usrk lp esa cM+s xjhc] cngky]
lgkuqHkwfr ds ik=k gksrs gSaA
vHkh ,d eq[;ea=kh us ikap djksM+ #i;s dh cl yh gS]
dgha bu usrkvksa ds fy, ipgÙkj&lkS djksM+ #i;s ds foeku fy,
d
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foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
tkrs gSa] /kwi esa ri dj lkS&lkS yksx ej tkrs gSaA cqansy[kaM] rsyaxkuk]
vka/kz] fcgkj esa xjeh ls ejus okys u rks fons'kh gksrs gSa vkSj u gh
fdlh nwljs xzg ds fuoklhA os Hkkjrh; tu gksrs gSaA eqacbZ ds
QqVikFkksa ij tUe ls e`R;q rd jgus okys] psUubZ ds ejhuk {ks=k esa
>qfXx;ksa esa ukjdh; thou fcrkus okys] jsy dh iVfj;ksa ds nksuksa vksj
IykfLVd dh pknjksa ls ?kj cukdj ifjokj lfgr jgus okys] fnYyh
ds LVs'kuksa ds ckgj jksM&fMokbMj ij] vklikl ds m|kuksa] eafnjksa ds
ckgj jkr Hkj dqÙkksa] fcfYy;ksa] frypêksa ds lkFk uhan ysus okys
Hkkjrh; ukxfjd gh gksrs gSa] ftudh n'kk lq/kkjus ds fy, usrkvksa
dks yfV;Ul dh fnYyh ds os caxys njdkj gksrs gSa tgka ianzg&chl
dejksa esa nks tu jgrs gSaA turk rks D;k] lkalnksa] fo/kk;dksa ds lkFk
budk ckn'kkgr Hkjk O;ogkj nsf[k,& dHkh xfy;kjs esa fey tk,axs
rks ueLdkj rks nwj] ikao Nwus rd ds fy, {k.k Hkj rjl ugha [kk,axs&
pyrs tk,axs& os Hkkxrs gq, Qfj;kn djsaxs] rks dejs esa eqM+rs gq,
dgsaxs& Bhd gS& [kqYyj ;k jkeklkeh dks cksy nsukA tks ftruk
vgadkjh] og mruk gh /kksrh&pksVh&fryd/kkjhA
vxj vki mudh tkfr ds ugha gSa] rks fdlh dke ds ugha
gSaA HkkM+ esa tkvksA tkfr ds fojks/k esa rks oSls gh cksyuk can gks x;k
gSA nfyrksa dk ujlagkj] mu ij vR;kpkj] nfyrksa ds i`Fkd 'e'kku
?kkV] tkfr ds vk/kkj ij ih<+h&nj&ih<+h&nj&ih<+h okYehfd;ksa dk
lQkbZ deZpkjh cus jguk] mudh cfLr;ksa dk vyx gksuk] muds
lkFk Hkh lkekU;r;k vLi`';rk dk O;ogkj] dHkh Hkh] fdlh Hkh
fLFkfr esa laln esa 'kksj] dk;Z ds BIi djus ;k Rofjr lek/kku dh
ekax ds ml :i esa ugha fn[krk] ftl :i esa osru o`f) ;k 'kkgh
'kku'kkSdr vkSj ckn'kkgh vankt ds XySej okys ekeyksa esa 'kksj
mitk;k tkrk gSA
ftu {ks=kksa esa xjhc] o`)] vlgk;] lekt ds nqRdkjs gq,
yksxksa ds dsanz cus gksrs gSa] ogka dHkh fdlh cM+s usrk ;k vQlj dks
tkrs ugha ns[kk tkrk] D;ksafd ogka oksV ugha gksrs] ogka tkfr ugha
gksrhA muds ckjs esa lekpkj Nirs gSa dSls xanxh] dpjs Hkjs ekgkSy
esa] i'kqvksa dh rjg vlgk; Hkkjrh; ukxfjd j[ks tkrs gSa ;k fd Bwals
tkrs gSaA [kcj Nirh gS vkSj ej tkrh gSA bl ij D;k dkjZokgh gqbZ]
fdlus dh] D;k lwjr cnyh] dHkh irk gh ugha pyrk] D;ksafd oSlk
dHkh dqN gksrk gh ugha gSA
ij bu usrkvksa ds ân; esa xjhcksa ds fy, lgkuqHkwfr vkSj
n;k dk vFkkg lkxj fgyksjs ys jgk gksrk gSA vius tUefnu ;k ,sls
gh fdlh egku fnol ij os xjhcksa dks /kksfr;ka vkSj vU; dherh
migkj ckaVrs gSaA pkjksa vksj dSejksa dh jks'kuh ls txexkrs okrkoj.k
esa] jktizHkk ls nsnhI;eku psgjs okys usrkth ije larks"k ds Hkko ls
dkrj] nq[kh] oL=k [kjhnus esa vleFkZ Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa dks nksuksa
gkFkksa ls Qsad&Qsad dj migkj ckaVrs gSa] D;ksafd os vius tUefnu ij
xjhc turk ds mRFkku dk fe'ku izkjaHk dj jgs gksrs gSaA
bu usrkvksa dh xjhch vo'; nwj gksuh pkfg,A foeku esa
,d lkfgR; feyrk gS] ftlesa fy[kk gksrk gS fd foeku ds Mwcus dh
fLFkfr esa igys Lo;a vkDlhtu dk ekLd vks<+sa] fQj nwljksa dks
cpk,aA blh rjg xjhcksa dh xjhch nwj djus ds fy, vxj usrkvksa
dks leFkZ cukuk gS] rks igys mudh xjhch nwj djuh gh iM+sxhA vc
;g ckr vyx gS fd vxj fdlh dh xjhch nky&jksVh vkSj ,d
dejs ds ?kj ls nwj gksrh gS rks fdlh dh xjhch xqPph] cqyxkjh vkSj
jksysDl lsA cspkjs xjhc usrkvksa ij dqN rks rjl [kkb, oksV&izHkq!ys[kd ikaptU; ds iwoZ laiknd gSaA laizfr jkT;lHkk lnL; gSaA
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Jh jktef.k ik.Ms; dh /keZiRuh dk fu/kucLrhA ofj"B lektoknh fpard ,oa cLrh tuin esa lektoknh fopkj/kkjk dks thoui;ZUr iq"B djus okys lektoknh usrk ,oa iwoZ fo/kk;d
jktef.k ik.Ms; dh /keZiRuh dk 25&08&2015 dks y[kuÅ fLFkr ihthvkbZ esa yEch chekjh ds ckn nsgkUr gks x;kA ehfM;k foe'kZ if=kdk ds
izcU/k laiknd f'kf'kj f}osnh ds LFkkuh; jkeckx fLFkr vkokl ij ,d 'kksd lHkk esa 'kgj ds ofj"B fpardksa] lekt lsfo;ksa ,oa f'k{kdksa us nks
feuV dk ekSu j[k iq.; vkRek dks J)katfy nhA 'kksdlHkk esa f'kf'kj f}osnh us dgk Jh ik.Ms; th ds ;gka ge yksxksa dk vkuk&tkuk fo|kFkhZ
thou ls yxk jgk ysfdu fo/kk;d th us dHkh ,d x`gLFk dk thou ugha ft;kA mUgksaus lekt ,oa jk"Vª ds fy, viuk iwjk thou yxk fn;kA
os thou i;ZUr dEiuh ckx fLFkr fj¶;wth dkyksuh eas vdsys jgsA ,sls esa mudh /keZiRuh us lnSo muds ladV dky pkgs og bejtsUlh esa
mUuhl eghus ehlk esa tsy ;k=kh jgs gks] pkgsa fofHkUu jktuhfrd vkUnksyu esa Jh ik.Ms; }kjk fd;k x;k la?k"kZ gks] mudh /keZ iRuh us lHkh
ladVksa dks lgrs gq, mudk lkFk lnSo fn;kA ,slh iq.; vkRek dks bZ'oj 'kkfUr iznku djsA 'kksd lHkk esa MkW- jktu JhokLro] c`tuUnu feJ]
vo/ks'k feJ] MkW- lanhi JhokLro] vuwi JhokLro] iznhi ;kno] dkaxzslh usrk vadqj oekZ] eaxy xqIrk] MkW- jktsUnz flag ^jkgh* j?kqjkt cgknqj
JhokLro vkfn yksxksa us J)katfy nhA
Lokra=kksÙkj Hkkjr esa U;k;% vkn'kZ ,oa ;FkkFkZ
fo'ks"k vkys[kjkexksiky flag
R; ;fn ekuo thou dk lEcy dgk tk ldrk gS vkSj
fodkl y{; rks fuf'pr gh U;k; mldk vk/kkj gSA lR;
dks lEcy blfy;s dgk tk ldrk gS D;ksafd nwljksa dks mlds lgkjs
dh t#jr iM+rh gS tSls U;k; dks izek.k ds #i esa lR; dh t#jr
iM+rh gS fdUrq lR; dks fdlh izek.k ;k lgkjs dh t#jr ugha iM+rh
gSA oSls U;k; dks O;fDr ds thou dk vk/kkj ekuus ij dqN yksxksa
dks vkifÙk gks ldrh gS] tks t#jh ugh gS fd tk;t gh gks] fdUrq
;fn U;k; dks O;fDr ds thou dh txg lkekftd thou ;k lekt
dk vk/kkj fu#fir fd;k tkrk gS rks 'kk;n gh fdlh dks dksbZ
vkifÙk gksA D;ksafd yksx ;g tkurs gSa fd gtkjksa lky igys vkfne
ekuo taxyksa esa f'kdkj o dUn&ewy dh fQjkd esa i'kqvksa dh Hkkafr
LoPNUn #i ls b/kj&m/kj HkVdrk fQjrk Fkk vkSj cgqr dqN
,dkdh thou O;rhr djrk FkkA bl vkajfHkd voLFkk esa mldk
thou iw.kZr;k v'kkar] vfLFkj o vlqjf{kr FkkA dkykarj esa mlus
dnkfpr 'kkafr] lqj{kk o fLFkjrk dh n`f"V ls vdsys jgus dh txg
nwljksa ds lkFk jguk csgrj le>kA ifj.kkeLo#i] nwljksa ds lkFk
fey dj mlus ifjokj] iM+ksl] dchyk vkSj jkT; ds #i esa NksVs cM+s
lewgksa esa jguk 'kq# fd;k vkSj bl izdkj ,dkdh thou ls mÙkjksÙkj
lkewfgd thou ,oa lekt dk fodkl gqvkA lkFk jgus ls mls nwljksa
dk lg;ksx feyk] ftlls mlds thou esa lqj{kk o fLFkjrk rks vkbZ
vkSj mldk thou;kiu Hkh vklku gqvk fdUrq cnys esa mls vius
,dkdh thou dh LoPNUnrk vkSj euekuh NksM+uh iM+h vkSj nwljksa
dh Lora=krk o fgrksa ds lkFk viuh Loar=krk o fgrksa dks lek;ksftr
djuk iM+kA ftl vk/kkj ij vkfn ekuo }kjk bl lek;kstu dh
uhao j[kh xbZ vkSj ftlls ,d nwljs dh Loar=krkvksa o fgrksa esa
lkaetL; laHko gqvk] og oLrqr% vkSj dqN ugha cfYd fu"i{krk ;k
U;k; Fkk vkSj ;g vkt Hkh gSA bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gSa fd U;k;
dh cqfu;kn ij gh ekuo ds ,dkdh thou dh txg lkewfgd
thou dk egy [kM+k gqvk vkSj gtkjksa gtkj lky ckn vkt Hkh ;g
U;k; dh gh cqfu;kn ij [kM+k gSA ;g cqfu;kn tc etcwr gksrh gS
rks lekt o lkewfgd thou lqjf{kr] etcwr o mUur'khy gksrk gS
vkSj tc detksj gksrh gS rc vlqjf{kr] v'kDr vkSj vour'khy
gks tkrk gSA
vrhr esa Hkkjrh; lekt tc rd U;k;iw.kZ Fkk rc rd
fo'o esa mUufr ds f'k[kj ij FkkA dkykarj esa] fo'ks"k#i ls
Le`frdky esa] HksnHkkoiw.kZ 'kkL=kh; fo/kkuksa ds pyrs mlesa U;k; dk
iwjh rkSj ij vHkko gks x;kA D;ksafd HksnHkkoiw.kZ 'kkL=kh; fo/kkuksa ds
dkj.k ijLij lg;ksx o lkeatL; ij vk/kkfjr oSfnddkyhu
ikjxE;] yphyh o mUur'khy prqoZ.khZ; O;oLFkk dh txg lekt
ijLij bZ";kZ] }s"k o dyg ij vk/kkfjr pkj gtkj tkfr;ksa esa c¡V
x;kA ftlls u dsoy og vour o detksj gqvk cfYd iru o
ijkHko dks izkIr gqvk vkSj yxHkx ,d gtkj o"kksZ rd nklrkiw.kZ
thou thus dks foo'k gqvkA
;w¡ rks lekt esa O;kIr Å¡p uhp] HksnHkko vkSj vU;k; ds
f[kykQ vkokt e/;dkyhu larksa }kjk tksjnkj <+ax ls mBkbZ xbZ
fdUrq mudk ljksdkj eq[;r;k uSfrd o /kkfeZd lq/kkj rd gh
lhfer jgk] mlls vkxs ugha c<+ ik;kA ,slk blfy;s D;ksafd
oS/kkfud 'kfDr ds vHkko esa /kkfeZd o uSfrd thou esa lq/kkj ds
vykok fo/kku o U;k; ds {ks=k esa dksbZ ekSfyd lq/kkj dj ikuk larksa
ds fy;s laHko ugha Fkk vkSj fo/kku o U;k; ds {ks=k esa lq/kkj fd;s
l
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foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
fcuk ,d U;k;iw.kZ o mUur lekt ds fuekZ.k dh laHkkouk ugh
curhA ;|fi fczfV'k gqdwer ds nkSjku ns'k esa U;k;] dkuwu ,oa
iz'kklfud O;oLFkkvksa dk vk/kqfufddj.k rks gqvk fdUrq bu {ks=kksa
esa mlds }kjk yk;s x;s lq/kkj dsoy ogha rd lhfer jgs tgk¡ rd
buls mlds vkSifuosf'kd fgrksa dh iwfrZ gksrh FkhA blls vkxs ;s
'kk;n blfy;s ugha c<+ ik;s D;ksafd fczfV'k gqdwer dnkfpr blds
fy;s rS;kj ugha FkhA ,slk laHkor% blfy;s D;ksafd vius fo#)
fdlh cM+s vufonzksg ds [krjs dh vk'kadk ls og fo/kku o O;oLFkk
esa ekSfyd ifjorZu ykus ls cprh FkhA
Lora=krk la?k"kZ ds nkSjku jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu ds usr`Ro us
;g Hkyh Hkkafr le> fy;k Fkk fd vrhr esa lekt O;oLFkk esa O;kIr
vU;k; o HksnHkko ds dkj.k gh Hkkjrh; lekt iru o ijkHko dks
izkIr gqvkA nqfu;k ds nwljs lekt tgk¡ viuh ijaijkxr folaxfr;ksa
dks nwj dj mUur gq;s ogha nh?kZdkyhu ijk/khurk ds pyrs vius esa
le;kuqdwy ifjorZu u yk ikus ds dkj.k Hkkjrh; lekt ds fy;s
izxfr djus dh ckr rks nwj viuh nklrk dh csfM+;k¡ Hkh dkV ikuk
laHko ugha gks ik;kA vr% bl edln ds lkFk fd ,d HksnHkkojfgr
U;k;iw.kZ o mUur'khy lekt dh LFkkiuk Loar=k Hkkjr dk izkFkfed
mís'; gksxk Hkkjrh;] Lora=krk laxzke esa ,dtqV gq;s vkSj vaur%
Loar=krk izkIr djus esa dke;kc gq;sA Lora=k Hkkjr dk lafo/kku
oLrqr% muds Loar=krk laxzke ds bl ewyHkwr edln dk thoar
nLrkost gSA ,slk blfy;s dgk tk ldrk gS D;ksafd ;g vius
leLr ukxfjdksa dks lkekftd] vkfFkZd ,ao jktuSfrd U;k;]
fopkj] vfHkO;fDr] fo'okl] /keZ vkSj mikluk dh Loar=krk]
izfr"Bk ¼LVsVl½ o volj dh lekurk rFkk O;fDr dh xfjek vkSj
jk"Vª dh ,drk lqfuf'pr djus okyh cU/kqrk dh vfHko`f) dks
viuk ewy mís'; fu#fir djrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] Loar=krksijkar
lafo/kku ds ek/;e ls Loar=krk] lekurk vkSj Hkzkr`Ro ij vk/kkfjr
,d U;k;iw.kZ lekt dh LFkkiuk dks Hkkjr dk loksZP; vkn'kZ
?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA gkyakfd Loar=krk] lekurk] U;k;] cU/kqrk vkSj
,drk dk vkn'kZ dgus lquus esa rks cgqr vPNk vkSj yqHkkouk yxrk
gS ysfdu O;ogkfjd thou esa bldks mrkj ikuk nqfu;k ds fdlh Hkh
dksus esa dHkh Hkh vklku ugha jgkA fo'ks"k#i ls tkfr;ksa o laiznk;ksa
esa c¡Vs Hkkjr tSls cgqy jk"Vª ds fy;s] ftldh 'kq#vkr gh
lkaiznkf;d foHkktu dh cqfu;kn ij gqbZ] ;g vkSj Hkh nq"dj y{;
gSA ,sls esa ;g dguk dnkfpr xyr ugha gksxk fd vktknh ds le;
dh tkrh; HksnHkko ,oa lkiznkf;d dVqrk Hkjh i`"BHkwfe ls pydj
foxr ljlB&vjlB lkyksa esa U;k; tSls nq"dj y{; dks izkIr dj
ikus dh txg vxj ge ijLij ,dtqV gksdj fcuk fdlh HkVdko
ds mldh izkfIr dh vksj c<+ Hkh jgs gSa rks Hkh ;g gekjs fy;s de
cM+h miyfC/k ugha dgh tk ldrh gSA izLrqr ys[k esa eq[;#i ls bl
izLFkkiuk ds lEcU/k esa okLrfod fLFkfr dks tkuus dh dksf'k'k dh
xbZ gSA
U;k; dh LFkkiuk dks lafo/kku dk mís'; fu#fir dj nsus
vkSj mls dk;Z#i esa ifjf.kr djus ds fy;s lafo/kku ds ekQZr
ra=kxr <kaps dh #ijs[kk rS;kj dj nsus ls gh lekt esa U;k; dh
LFkkiuk ugha gks tkrhA blls yksxksa dks vf/kd ls vf/kd ;gh irk
pyrk gS fd jkT; dh ,slh ea'kk gS ftls iwjk djus ds fy;s mlus
lafo/kku ds rgr ra=kxr <kaps dh #ijs[kk Hkh rS;kj dh gSA fdUrq
bl ea'kk dks dk;Z#i esa ifjf.kr djus ds fy;s ra=k dks dke djuk
iM+rk gS] tks vklku ugh gSA D;ksafd ,d rks U;k; nqfu;k ds nqyZHk
y{;ksa esa ,d nqyZHkre y{; gS vkSj nwljs ;g fd fo/kku vkSj ra=k dh
jpuk Hkys gh vPNh gks fdUrq ;g t:jh ugha gS fd bUgsa dk;Z :i esa
ifjf.kr djus okys yksx Hkh vPNs gh gksaA U;k; dks iqLrdksa vkSj
ckSf)d ppkZvksa ls fudkydj O;ogkfjd thou esa mrkjus dk dk;Z
eq[;r;k jkT;ra=k ,oa lektra=k ds ek/;e ls fd;k tkrk gSA
U;k; ekuo thou dk ,d mPpre vkn'kZ] ,oa Js"Bre
mPpre ewY; gSA ;g u dsoy uhfrlaxr vfirq /keZlaxr o
lektlaxr gSA bu lc ckrksa dh f'k{kk O;fDr dks lekt ls feyrh
gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] O;fDr esa U;k; ds vuqikyu dh izo`fÙk lekt esa
lkekftdj.k ds ek/;e ls cgqr dqN vius vki fodflr gksrh gSA
vxj og thou esa U;k; dk vuqikyu djrk gS rks lekt esa mldh
iz'kalk dh tkrh gS] mldk vknj vkSj lEeku fd;k tkrk gS vkSj
vxj og ,slk ugha djrk gS rks lekt esa mldh fuUnk gksrh gS]
migkl] fujknj o frjLdkj gksrk gS vkSj mis{kk dh tkrh gSA U;k;
dk vuqikyu ugha djus okys O;fDr ds lkFk yksx lEcU/k o
O;ogkj j[kus ls drjkrs gSa vkSj vxj t#jh gqvk rks mldk cfg"dj
Hkh djrs gSaA
mi;qZDr rF;ksa dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq;s dgk tk ldrk gS
fd lekt esa U;k; dks LFkkfir djus vkSj mls cuk;s j[kus esa djhc
uCcs Qhlnh dk;Z rks lektra=k }kjk lkekftd] /kkfeZd o uSfrd
fu;eksa&&&jhfrfjoktksa] izFkkvksa] ijEijkvksa #f<+;ksa rFkk
uSfrd&/kkfeZd ekU;rkvkssa o fo'oklksa vkfn ds vk/kkj ij fofHkUu
lkekftd] /kkfeZd o uSfrd laLFkkvksa ,oa laxBuksa ds }kjk iz'kalk]
U;k; ds O;ogkfjd :ikarj.k ds ek/;e
lektra=k vkSj U;k;
foe'kZehfM;k
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tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
iqjLdkj vFkok fuUnk] migkl ,oa cfg"dkj vkfn fof/k;ksa ds
ek/;e ls lEikfnr fd;k tkrk gSA ,d ckj O;fDr dkuwu o iqfyl
dh vuns[kh ;g lksp dj fd og mudh utjksa ls cp dj fudy
ldrk gS] dj ldrk gS fdUrq ifjokj] iM+ksl] eksgYyk o fe=k
e.Myh vkfn dh vuns[kh djus dk lkgl ugha tqVk ikrkA D;ksfd
og tkurk gS fd budh utjksa ls cp ikuk vklku ugha gSA blds
vykok bu izkFkfed laLFkkvksa o laxBuksa ds ;gk¡ ihfM+r dks viuh
Qfj;kn ysdj tkus] vfHk;ksxh dks ltk fnykus vkSj U;k; ikus esa u
rks vf/kd le; yxrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dfBukbZ vkrh gSA HkkbZ us
vxj csotg Mk¡Vk ;k ekjk rks eEeh&ikik vFkok eEeh&ikik us
csotg Mk¡Vk ;k ekjk rks nknh&nknk ls f'kdk;r dj nh vkSj mUgs
Mk¡V iM+ok nh vFkok mudh fiVkbZ djok nh] bl izdkj ekeyk
cjkcj gks x;k vkSj [kq'k gks x;sA ifr us vxj dqN xM+cMh dh ;k
dksbZ uktk;t gjdr ;k dkjLrkuh dh rks lkl ls f'kdk;r dj nh
vkSj vxj lkl dh le> esa ckr vk xbZ rks mls vius csVs dks pkgs
og dIrku ;k dysDVj gh D;ksa u gks Mk¡Vus vkSj FkIiM+ tM+us esa u
rks fdlh ls iwNuk iM+rk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ nsj yxrh gSA
gks ldrk gS fd FkksM+h nsj ds fy;s O;fDr Hkys gh lekt
dh utjksa ls cp dj fudyus dh lksp ys fdUrq viuh vUrjkRek ls
cp dj og dSls fudy ldrk gS\ viuh vUrjkRek dks dSls /kks[kk
ns ldrk gS\ D;ksafd og rks mldh gj gjdr ns[krh jgrh gS vkSj
gj xyr gjdr ij mls vxj f/kDdkjs ugh rks de ls de dksalus ls
rks ugha gh pwdrhA oSls laHko gS fd O;fDr ,d ckj vUrjkRek dh
vkokt dh Hkh ;g lksp dj vuns[kh dj ys fd dksl dj og gekjk
D;k fcxkM+ ysxh\ vf/kd ls vf/kd blls gesa FkksM+k cgqr Vsa'ku gh
rks gksxk] ftls U;k; dh vuns[kh djus dh ,ot esa mBk;s x;s
uktk;t Qk;ns dks ns[krs gq;s >sy fy;k tk;sxk] ysfdu og bl
ckr dh 'kk;n gh vuns[kh dj ikrk gS fd Hkxoku dh ykBh] ftlesa
vkokt Hkys u gks ysfdu yxrh t#j gS] ls cp ikuk fdlh ds fy;s
Hkh eqefdu ugha gksrk gSA og ;g Hkyh Hkkafr tkurk gS fd bZ'oj ds
;gk¡ nsj Hkys gks ysfdu va/ksj ugha gSA D;ksafd og lcdks ns[krk gS]
lcdk fglkc&fdrkc j[krk gS vkSj lcds lkFk balkQ djrk gSA
ihM+d fdruk gh rkdroj o 'kkfrj D;ksa u gks mlds vkxs u rks
fdlh dh rkdr pyrh gS vkSj u gh fdlh dk dksbZ frdM+e pyrk
gSA mlds njckj esa ihfM+r dks U;k; vkSj ihM+d dks ltk feyuh r;
gSA gkyk¡fd bZ'oj gS ;k ugha bl ckjs esa fuf'pr #i ls dqN ugha
dgk tk ldrk gS ysfdu lekt esa vU;k; dks jksdus vkSj U;k; dks
dk;e j[kus esa bZ'oj dh cgqr cM+h Hkwfedk jgh gS] tks vkt ds bl
oSKkfud o HkkSfrdoknh ;qx esa Hkh cgqr dqN igys tSlh gh gS] bl
ckr ls bUdkj Hkh rks ugh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
vkS|ksfxdj.k] vk/kqfufdj.k ,oa oS'ohdj.k ds orZeku
nkSj esa Hkkjrh; lekt esa lkekftd] /kkfeZd ,oa uSfrd fu;eksa rFkk
izkFkfed lEcU/kks] laLFkkvksa ,oa laxBuksa ds izHkko esa deh vkbZ gS
tcfd laLFkkxr fu;eksa] jkT; dkuwuksa rFkk f}rh;d lEcU/kksa]
laLFkkvksa ,oa laxBuksa dk izHkko vizR;kf'kr #i ls c<+k gSA ftldh
otg ls lkekftd thou fo'ks"k#i ls lkoZtfud thou ,oa
lkoZtfud dk;ZO;ogkj ds lapkyu esa U;k; dks etcwr djus dk
lektra=k dh rqyuk esa jkT;ra=k vc vf/kd izHkkodkjh ek/;e cu
x;k gSA ;g dk;Z jkT;ra=k vius rhu mira=kksa ¼;k vaxksa½ ds ek/;e
ls djrk gSA ;s mira=k gSa& fo/kk;hra=k] dk;Zikyura=k rFkk U;k;ra=kA
pwafd lkekftd lEcU/k ,oa lkekftd dk;ZO;ogkj ds lapkyu dk
vk/kkj U;k; gS vkSj U;k; ds fu/kkZj.k dk vk/kkj dkuwu gS] blfy;s
jkT;ra=k ds ;s rhuksa vax lkoZtfud thou esa U;k; ds
lqfuf'pfrdj.k ds fy;s dkuwu] ftldk izeq[k mís'; U;k; fnykuk
gksrk gS] dks O;ogkfjd #i esa iz;qDr fd;s tkus ds vyx vyx i{kks
dks Li"V djrs gSaA fo/kk;hra=k dkuwu cukus dk ra=k gS]
dk;Zikyura=k dkuwu dks ykxw djus dk ra=k gS tcfd U;k;ra=k
dkuwu ds vk/kkj ij ihfM+r dks U;k; fnykus dk ra=k gSA
LFkwy #i ls ;k Åijh rkSj ij vxj ns[kk tk;s rks
U;k;iw.kZ lekt ds fuekZ.k esa fo/kk;hra=k dh rqyuk esa dk;Zikyura=k
,oa U;k;ra=k dh Hkwfedk vf/kd egRoiw.kZ fn[kkbZ nsrh gS fdUrq
vxj foospuk ds lw{e Lrj ij tk;k tk;s rks irk pyrk gS fd
blesa fo/kk;hra=k dh Hkwfedk vk/kkjHkwr ,oa vf/kd egRoiw.kZ gSA
,slk blfy;s D;ksafd dk;Zikyu ra=k }kjk lekt es U;k; ,oa
O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kus dk dk;Z rFkk U;k;ra=k }kjk U;k; ds
lqfu'p;u dk dk;Z dkuwu ds vk/kkj ij gh fd;k tkrk gSA rkRi;Z
;g gS fd bu nksuksa gh ra=kksa ds ewy esa dkuwu gh gksrk gSA QdZ dsoy
bruk gS fd ,d dk dk;Z dkuwu dk lgh <ax ls fØ;kUo;u gS]
tcfd nwljs dk dk;Z dkuwu ds vk/kkj ij O;fDr ;k lewg ds
O;ogkj ds lgh&xyr ;k U;k;iw.kZ&vU;k;iw.kZ gksus dk ijh{k.k gSA
fdUrq ;s ra=k dkuwu cukrs ugha gSaA dkuwu dk fuekZ.k vkSj mlesa
le;kuqdwy ifjorZu o la'kks/ku dk dk;Z rks fo/kk;hra=k gh djrk
gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] D;k lgh vkSj D;k xyr gS vFkok D;k U;k;iw.kZ
vkSj D;k vU;k;iw.kZ gS ds fu/kkZj.k ds vk/kkj dkuwu] dk ewy L=kksr
fo/kk;hra=k gh gSA 'kkL=kh; fo/kku dh Hkakfr vkt dk dkuwu Hkh ;fn
jkT;ra=k vkSj U;k;
fo/kk;hra=k&
94
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
oxhZ; LokFkZ ls izsfjr gksdj HksnHkkoiw.kZ cuk rks dk;Zikyura=k ,oa
U;k;ikyura=k fdruh gh fu"i{krk o bekunkjh ds lkFk viuk
dk;Z D;ksa u djsa os lekt ls vU;k; dks nwj ugha dj ldrsA ,sls esa
rks os lekt ls vU;k; dks nwj djus dh txg mls vkSj Hkh etcwr
djrs gSaA bl izdkj os lekt dks detksj gksus ls cpkus dh txg
vkSj Hkh detksj djrs gSa vkSj mlds iru o ijkHko dks jksdus dh
txg vkSj Hkh rst djrs gSaA
vk/kqfud ;qx esa fo'ks"k:i ls lkoZtfud thou ds dk;Z
O;ogkj dks U;k; dss vk/kkj ij laikfnr fd;s tkus ds fy;s
lkekftd fu;eksa dh rqyuk esa dkuwu ,oa fo/kku dh vf/kd t:jr
iM+rh gS ftudk fuekZ.k fo/kk;hra=k }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA dsoy
fuLokFkZ] fu"i{k] b~Zekunkj ,oa uSfrd:i ls izfrc) fo/kk;hra=k gh
,sls U;k;iw.kZ fo/kku dh jpuk dj ikrk gS ftlls O;fDr ,oa lekt
dk thou vf/kd lqjf{kr o mUur gks ldsA blds foijhr
fo/kk;hra=k ;fn oxhZ; LokFkZ ls izsfjr gksdj i{kikriw.kZ fo/kku dh
jpuk djrk gS rks lekt es U;k; dh LFkkiuk dj ikuk dfBu gks
tkrk gSA ftlls O;fDr o lekt dh izxfr vo:) gksrh gS vkSj
lekt detksj o vour gks tkrk gSA
vkikrdkyhu viokn dks vxj NksM+ fn;k tk;s rks dgk
tk ldrk gS fd Hkkjr esa fo/kk;hra=k etcwr o LFkk;h jgk gS vkSj
mlus le; le; ij lekt ds fofHkUu oxksZ fo'ks"k#i ls oafpr o
detksj oxksZ dks U;k; lqfuf'pr djus lfgr yksdfgr o yksd
dY;k.k lEcU/kh vko';d fo/kku Hkh ikfjr fd;s gSaA fQj Hkh] ;g
dguk fd mlds rRlEcU/kh ;k vU; lHkh fo/kku vkSj muds ihNs
mldh uh;r lkS Qhlnh fuLokFkZ] fu"i{k o U;k; dh Hkkouk ls
izsfjr jgh gS] 'kk;n lgh ugha gksxkA mnkgj.k ds fy;s fo/kk;h
izfrfuf/k;ksa dks isa'ku o vU; ifjykHk dh ik=krk iznku fd;s tkus
rFkk mUgs ykHk ds inksa ls nwj j[ks tkus lEcU/kh laoS/kfud izko/kku
esa la'kks/ku ,oa fo/kk;h izfrfuf/k ¼lkaln ;k fo/kk;d½ fuf/k c<+k;s
tkus vkfn fo"k;ksa ls lEcfU/kr fo/kkf;dk }kjk le;≤ ij
ikfjr fd, x;s fo/kkuksa dks LokFkZjfgr o U;k;lEer fu:fir
djuk dnkfpr equkflc ugha gksxkA blh izdkj fo'ks"k :i ls pquko
;k ljdkj ds vfLrRo ij lfUudV ladV ds le; bl ;k ml tkfr
;k bl ;k ml laiznk; dks mPp 'kSf{kd ,oa rduhdh laLFkkvksa esa
izos'k vFkok ljdkjh lsokvksa esa fu;qfDr ;k inksUufr esa] dHkh&dHkh
rks U;k;ky;hu fu.kZ;ksa ls ijs viuh fo/kk;h 'kfDr dk bLrseky
djrs gq, deksos'k loZlEefr ls vkj{k.k lEcU/kh fo/kkuksa ds ikfjr
fd, tkus ds ihNs fo/kkf;dk dh uh;r lEcfU/kr tkfr ;k laiznk;
dks U;k; iznku fd;s tkus dh mruh ugha ftruh fd lÙkk gkfly
djus ;k mls cpk;s j[kus dh jgh gSA
dk;Zikyura=k dk izeq[k dk;Z dkuwu dk 'kklu ,oa
U;k;ra=k ds fu.kZ;ksa ij vey lqfuf'pr djus ds lkFk lekt essa
U;k; ,oa O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kuk gSA dk;Zikfydk] ukSdj'kkgh] iqfyl
,oa tsy ra=k blds izeq[k vax gS] ftuds ek/;e ls ;g ra=k viuk
dk;Z laikfnr djrk gSA mi;qZDr dk;kZsa ds lkFk ;g jktLo lfgr
lkoZtfud thou ds fofo/k {ks=kksa rFkk 'kklu ds fofHkUu foHkkxksa ls
lEcfU/kr fooknksa dk fuiVkjk tgka rd laHko gks] ukSdj'kkghra=k ds
ek/;e ls foHkkxh; Lrj ij gh djus dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA vr%
dgk tk ldrk gS fd ukSdj'kkgh ;fn fu"i{k] dq'ky] bZekunkj rFkk
dk;Z ds izfr lefiZr o izfrc) gks rks ,d rks fookn dh fLFkfr iSnk
gksus dh laHkkouk gh ugha gksrh gS vkSj nwljs] vxj fdUgha dkj.kksa ls
fookn dh fLFkfr iSnk gksrh Hkh gS rks ,sls izdj.k vf/kdka'kr;k
foHkkxh; Lrj ij gh lqy>k fy;s tkrs gSa ftlls U;k;ky;ksa ij cks>
ugha iM+rk vkSj vxj iM+rk Hkh gS rks cgqr de iM+rk gSA
lkekftd U;k; ds y{;ksa dh izkfIr esa ukSdj'kkgh dh
vge Hkwfedk gksrh gS ysfdu tgk¡ ljdkj ls pyk ,d #i;k
ukSdj'kkgh ds ek/;e ls vius xarO; rd igq¡prs&igq¡prs ikap iSlk
jg tkrk gS ogka dk;Zikyura=k dh Hkwfedk ds ckjs esa dqN u dguk
gh Bhd gSA yksdrkaf=kd nckoksa ds pyrs dk;Zikfydk Hkys gh
vkSifuosf'kd o lkearh eukso`fÙk ls brj tuksUeq[k o laosnu'khy gks
xbZ gks ysfdu ukSdj'kkgh vktknh ds vjlB lkyksa ckn Hkh viuh
iqjkuh vkSifuosf'kd ekufldrk ls mcj ugha ikbZ gSA ;g lgh gS fd
vktknh ds bu vjlB lkyksa ds iz;klksa ds ckn ukSdj'kkgh ra=k dk
yxHkx iwjk 'kkjhfjd <kapk vc Hkkjrh; gks x;k gS ysfdu bldh
fnxkeh lajpuk vkSj lksp deksos'k vHkh Hkh vkSifuosf'kddkyhu
baXyS.M dh cuh gqbZ gS tks jktusrk dks viuk lkgc cgknqj ekudj
mldh f[knerxkjh djus vkSj turk dks viuh fj;k;k le>dj
ykr yxkus dks gh viuk QtZ ekurh gSA bDdhloha 'krkCnh esa tgk¡
nqfu;k ds dbZ ns'k rst xfr ls nkSM+dj nwljs xzgksa ij clus dh
dksf'k'k esa yxs gSa ogka Hkkjrh; ukSdj'kkgh vHkh cSyxkM+h dh j¶rkj
ls gh py jgh gSA blls vkxs ugha c<+ ikbZ gSA vxj og [kqn vkxs u
c<+us rd gh vius dks lhfer j[krh rks xuher Fkh ysfdu eqlhcr
rks ;g gS fd og nwljksa dks Hkh vkxs c<+us ls jksdrh gSA
bl ckr ls ;|fi bUdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS fd
Hkkjrh; ukSdj'kkgh vdeZ.;rk] v{kerk] nkf;Roghurk rFkk
vQlj'kkgh ,oa Hkz"Vkpkj vkfn vusd O;kf/k;ksa ls cqjh rjg xzLr gS
dk;Zikyura=k%
foe'kZehfM;k
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tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
ftuls futkr ikus vkSj LoLFk] dq'ky] izHkkoh rFkk ftEesnkj]
tuksUeq[k] rRij ,oa laosnu'khy cuus esa mls vHkh yEck le;
yxsxkA fQj Hkh] ;g dguk lgh ugha gksxk fd vktknh ds ckn ls
vc rd mlus dksbZ dke ugha fd;k gSA gdhdr rks ;g gS fd
vktknh ds ckn ns'k esa dkuwu ,oa O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kus rFkk fofHkUu
{ks=kksa esa ns'k dh izxfr esa ukSdj'kkgh dh dkQh lkFkZd Hkwfedk jgh gS
¼flag] 1999 % 98&111½A ;g ckr vyx gS fd dbZ {ks=kksa esa
ukSdj'kkgh }kjk vis{kk ds vuq:i ifj.kke gkfly ugha fd;k tk
ldk gS fdUrq mlds fy;s dsoy ukSdj'kkgh dks gh ftEesnkj Bgjkuk
lgh ugha gksxkA D;ksafd bu foQyrkvksa ds fy, tuusr`Ro vkSj
turk Hkh cgqr dqN leku :i ls ftEesnkj gS ¼flag] 2014 %
11&12½A ukSdj'kkgh dh vDlj ;g f'kdk;r jgrh gS fd tuusr`Ro
mlds dkeksa essa vuko';d n[kyankth djrk gS ftlls og
Lora=krkiwoZd viuk dke ugha dj ikrhA ,sls esa ukSdj'kkgh ls
csgrj ifj.kke dh vis{kk rHkh dh tk ldrh gS fd tcfd iapk;r
ls ysdj ikfyZ;kesUV rd tu usr`Ro ftlds gkFk esa ukSdj'kkgh dh
udsy gksrh gS lkQ lqFkjk gksA ;fn usr`Ro cksQkslZ] gokyk] pkjk rFkk
dks;yk ,oa LisDVªe ?kksVkyk tSls Hkz"V izdj.kksa esa lafyIr ;k lfUnX/k
gksxk rks ukSdj'kkgh ls csgrj ifj.kke dh vis{kk djuk csdkj gS
¼flag] 1999 % 110½A
njvly] O;oLFkk tfur foQyrkvksa ds fy, vdsys
jktusrk ;k vdsys iz'kkld vf/kd ftEesnkj ugha gSa cfYd nksuksa ds
chp x¡BtksM+] ftlds pyrs nksuksa ,d&nwljs dk nks"k <adrs gSa vkSj
eykbZ fey ck¡V dj [kkrs gSa] vf/kd ftEesnkj gSA vkt ftl
Hkz"Vkpkj ls iwjk tuthou =kLr gS og oLrqr% bu nksuksa ds chp
uktk;t x¡BtksM+ dh uktk;t vkSykn gSA U;k; dk rdktk rks ;g
dgrk gS fd lgh txg ij lgh vkneh cSBs ysfdu ,d&nwljs dks
Qk;nk igq¡pkus dh fQjkd esa ;g x¡BtksM+ ekSdk feyrs gh lgh txg
ij xyr vkneh fcBkus ls ugha pwdrkA xyr vkneh fcBkus ls ns'k
ejs ;k lekt ejs ;k nksuksa ejsa] budk D;k tkrk gS\ vycÙks fcuk
gjsZ&fQVdjh yxs mudk dke rks pks[kk gks tkrk gSA blh uktk;t
x¡BtksM+ ds pyrs iqjkrRo] tutkrh; rFkk lkekftd ,oa 'kSf{kd
'kks/k o izf'k{k.k laLFkkvksa ds egkfuns'kd rFkk f'k{kk e.My ds
v/;{k ,oa fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds dqyifr tSls dbZ egRoiw.kZ inksa ij
fo"k; fo'ks"kK dh txg flfoy ;k iqfyl lsok ds vf/kdkjh ;k
dHkh&dHkh fdlh gkjs Fkds jktusrk dks fcBk fn;k tkrk gSA bl
xksj[k/kU/ks ls fo"k; fo'ks"kK ftldk gd ekjk tkrk gS mldk
mruk uqdlku ugha gksrk D;ksafd og rks viuk v/;kiu ,oa
vuqla/kku dk;Z vius r;h tkjh j[krk gS ftlds fy;s mls fdlh ds
lgkjs dh t:jr ugha iM+rh D;ksafd fdlh Hkh {ks=k esa ekSfyd dk;Z
djus ds fy, ftl pht dh lcls vf/kd t:jr gksrh gS] og gS
LokfHkekuA ftls fdlh Hkh dher ij u rks og csprk gS vkSj u gh
fxjoh j[krk gSA gk¡] bl /kU/ksckth ls lacaf/kr {ks=k esa 'kks/k ,oa
fodkl dh xfrfof/k;ksa ij cqjk vlj t:j iM+rk gSA vxj lgh
txg ij xyr vkneh fcBkus dh ;g chekjh dgha O;kid iSekus ij
QSy tkrh gS rks blls ns'k esa U;k; vkSj fodkl dh fLFkfr vPNh ;k
cqjh tSlh Hkh cus vkSj ns'k vkxs c<+s ;k cSB tk;s ysfdu lekt dh
fLFkfr t:j bl dgkor dks pfjrkFkZ djus tSlh gks tkrh gS fd
^^va/ksj uxjh yEiV ¼;fn pkSiV ugha½ jktk] Vds lsj Hkkth Vsds lsj
[kktk**A
U;k;ra=k] tSlk fd iwoZ esa dgk x;k gS] dkuwu ds vk/kkj
ij ihfM+r dks U;k; fnykus dk ra=k gSA ;g ra=k dsUnzh; Lrj ij
mPpre U;k;ky;] izknsf'kd Lrj ij mPp U;k;ky; rFkk ftyk
Lrj ij ftyk U;k;ky; ,oa uhps ds Lrj ij fofHkUu U;k;ky;ksa ds
ek/;e ls viuk dk;Z lEikfnr djrk gSA
njvly] f'k{kk o U;k; O;oLFkk,¡ fdlh ns'k o lekt ds
vfLrRo ,oa izxfr dh vk/kkj gSaA f'k{kk O;fDr o lekt dks fn'kk
iznku djrh gS rFkk fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa ubZ&ubZ [kkstksa dks laHko cuk
dj izxfr ds u;s vk;ke o volj iznku djrh gSA fdUrq izxfr
rHkh laHko gks ikrh gS tcfd lekt o jk"Vª dh cqfu;kn etcwr gksA
fdUrq lekt ,oa jk"Vª dh cqfu;kn U;k; ij fVdh gksrh gSA bldk
fufgrkFkZ ;g gqvk fd vxj U;k; etcwr ugha gS rks lekt etcwr
ugha gks ldrk vkSj vxj lekt etcwr o fVdkÅ ugha gS rks f'k{kk
izxfr o fodkl esa izHkkoh Hkwfedk vnk ugha dj ldrhA lgh
O;fDr dks lgh txg ij fcBkus vkSj fdlh ds lkFk fdlh izdkj dk
vU;k; ugha gksus nsus dk Hkjkslk fnykus ds ek/;e ls U;k;] O;fDr
o lekt dh izxfr o fodkl ds fy, vuqdwy i`"BHkwfe dk fuekZ.k
djrk gS ftl ij f'k{kk izxfr o fodkl ds u;s dhfrZeku LFkkfir
djrh gSA ;gh otg gS fd nqfu;k¡ ds dekscs'k lHkh ns'kksa esa f'k{kk o
U;k; dks lEekfur O;olk; ¼ukscy izksQs'ku½ ekuk tkrk gS vkSj
f'k{kd ,oa U;k;fon~ dk cgqr lEeku fd;k tkrk gSA dgus dk
rkRi;Z ;g gS fd fdlh jk"Vª ds thou esa f'k{kk ,oa U;k; dh Hkwfedk
vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ gksrh gSA tgk¡ rd U;k; dh Hkwfedk dh ckr gS
f}rh; fo'o;q) ds nkSj ls lEcfU/kr dqynhi uS;j ¼2009%6½ }kjk
fn;s x;s ,d n`"VkUr dk ;gk¡ mYys[k djuk vlaxr ugha gksxkA ;q)
ds nkSjku baXyS.M tc gj ekspZs ij fiNM+ jgk Fkk rc rRdkyhu izkbe
U;k;ra=k%
96
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
fefuLVj foaLVu pfpZy us ogk¡ ds eq[; U;k;k/kh'k ls U;k;ikfydk
dks U;k; lqfuf'pr djus ds ckjs esa dgkA bl ij eq[; U;k;k/kh'k
us muls tkuuk pkgk fd tc vkidk lkjk /;ku vkxs c<+ jgs
ukft;ksa dks jksdus ij dsfUnzr gS rks fQj ;g ckr vkids fnekx esa
dSls vk xbZ! pfpZy dk mÙkj Fkk fd tc rd yksxksa dks ;g Hkjkslk
jgsxk fd mUgsa U;k; feysxk os vHkkoksa ds chp Hkh ns'k ds fy, yM+rs
jgsaxsA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd yM+kb;k¡ O;fDr ugha thrrk]
mldk pfj=k vkSj ns'k o lekt ij mldk Hkjkslk thrrk gS vkSj
uCcs Qhlnh pfj=k Ldwy o dkyst ds ekgkSy esa <yrk gS vkSj Hkjkslk
tks pfj=k dks thr dh eafty rd igq¡pkrk gS] lekt esa U;k; dh
izR;kHkwfr ls iSnk gksrk gSA blfy;s dgk tkrk gS fd U;k; lekt dh
cqfu;kn gSA tc ;g cqfu;kn etcwr gksrh gS rks lekt dh izxfr
dh laHkkouk Hkh etcwr gksrh gSA bl rF; dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, ge
;gk¡ ;g tkuus dh dksf'k'k djsaxs fd Lora=kksÙkj Hkkjr esa U;k; dh
D;k fLFkfr gSA D;k Hkkjr esa ,d vke vkneh dks U;k; feyus dk
Hkjkslk gS vkSj ;fn mldk ;g Hkjkslk de ;k vf/kd gS rks blds
D;k dkj.k gks ldrs gSa vkSj mUgsa dSls nwj fd;k tk ldrk gS\
fl)kar :i ls U;k; lHkh izdkj ds ncko ,oa
izHkko ls eqDr iw.kZr;k Lora=k gksrk gS vkSj Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa bl
ckr dh iwjh dksf'k'k Hkh dh xbZ gS fdUrq okLrfod thou esa Hkkjr
esa U;k; iSls o izHkko dh fxj¶r ls iw.kZr% eqDr fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk gSA
njvly] U;k; dk izeq[k mís'; dkuwu dk 'kklu LFkkfir djuk
gksrk gS fdUrq tSlk fd lhchvkbZ ds HkwriwoZ funs'kd tksfxUnj flag
¼2010%8½ dk dguk gS fd Hkkjr esa dkuwu rks cgqr vPNs gSa ysfdu
u rks muds ihNs dh gekjh ea'kk vPNh gS vkSj u gh mudks ykxw
djus dh etcwr bPNk 'kfDr geesa gSA ftldh otg ls dkuwu egt
fn[kkos ds jg x;s gSa] izHkkoh ugha gks ikrs gSaA dgus dks rks dkuwu ds
le{k lHkh leku gSa ysfdu ns[kus eas ;g vkrk gS fd iSls o izHkko
okys yksx dkuwu dh idM+ ls fudy tkrs gSa tcfd xjhc o detksj
Qal tkrs gSa ;k dHkh&dHkh Q¡lk fn;s tkrs gSaA dgus dk rRi;Z ;g gS
fd NksVh eNfy;k¡ rks idM+ yh tkrh gSa ysfdu cM+h eNfy;k¡ ftues
jktusrk] ofj"B ukSdj'kkg] vkbZ,,l ,oa vkbih,l 'kfey gS ;k rks
lkQ NwV tkrs gSa ;k vxj NwV ugha ikrs rks dkuwu dks yEcs le;
rd xPpk nsrs jgrs gSaA fdrus gh rjg ds ekeyksa esa rkdr o iSls
okys yksx u dsoy dkuwu dk mYya?ku djrs gSa cfYd dkuwu dk
lgkjk ysdj dkuwu dks Nyrs Hkh gSaA
njvly gekjh vnkyrh iz.kkyh csgn [kphZyh gSA
ifj.kkeLo:i] blesa vehj eqdnesckt tks [kpZ ogu dj ldrk gS
og U;k; dks /krk crkrk gqvk thrrk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA vketu tks
detksj gksrs gSa vkSj [kpkZ ogu ugha dj ldrs dks rks bl U;k;ra=k
esa fujk'kk gh gkFk yxrh gS ¼nhf{kr% 2010%6½A vkerkSj ij
vnkyrksa esa ekeyksa dh lquokbZ vuko';d :i ls Vyrh jgrh gSaA
rkjh[ksa vkxs c<+rh jgrh gSA is'kh ij is'kh iM+rh jgrh gSA
ifj.kkeLo:i] eqdnesckth esa U;k; feys ;k u feys] ysfdu yksxksa
dk le; o iSlk t:j cckZn gksrk gSA
vnkyrh dk;Z
laLd`fr tfVy ,oa ;a=k.kknk;h gksrh gSA vnkyr dh dk;Z i)fr
tfVy gksus ls ,d fopkjk/khu vijk/kh dks Lo;a dks nks"keqDr
lkfcr djus ds fy, cM+s ikiM+ csyus iM+rs gSa vkSj blesa tSlk fd
iwoZ esa dgk x;k gS iSlk vkSj le; Hkh cgqr yxrk gSA fopkjk/khu
vijk/kh ds :i eas tks le; og tsy esa xqtkjrk gS og Hkh fdlh
ltk ls de ugha gksrk gSA fopkjk/khu dSfn;ksas esa dbZ ,sls yksx Hkh
ns[kus dks feyrs gSa tks QSlys ds bartkj esa vius Åij yxs vfHk;ksx
dh laHkkfor ltk ls T;knk le; tsy esa xqtkj nsrs gSaA
U;k;ky;ksa esa turk ds fy, iznÙk lqfo/kk lEcU/kh
O;oLFkk dh tgk¡ rd ckr gS] cM+s U;k;ky;ksa dh gkyr rks dqN Bhd
gS] os U;k;ky; tSls yxrs Hkh gSaA ogk¡ tu&lqfo/kk,¡ Hkh dkQh dqN
Bhd&Bkd gSaA bartkj djus o cSBus dh txg Hkh fey tkrh gSA
fdarq ftyk o fupyh Lrj dh vnkyrksa dh gkyr rks eNyh cktkj
ls Hkh cnrj yxrh gSA FkksM+h lh txg] mlesa Hkh odhy] eqa'kh]
eq[rkj] VkbfiLV] LVkEi osYMj vkSj u tkus fdrus rjg ds yksx
viuh nqdku yxk;s cSBs feyrs gSaA viuh est o dqflZ;ksa esaa dnkfpr
bl Hk; ls fd dgha dksbZ bUgsa mBk u ys tk, psu o rkys yxk;s
j[krs gSaA Åij ls turk dh jsy&isy] ,sls esa cSBus dh ckr rks nwj
pSu ls [kM+s gksus dh txg <wa<uk Hkh ogk¡ eqf'dy gksrk gSA vki pkgs
oknh gksa ;k izfroknh gksa ;k xokg gksa vkidks lkekU;r;k nl cts
cqyk fy;k tkrk gS ysfdu vkidh is'kh dc gksxh] xokgh dc gksxh]
c;ku dc gksxk dqN irk ughaA vxj vki ljdkj dh rjQ ls gSa rks
ljdkjh odhy dks <w<+rs jfg;sA is'kdkj ls iwfN;s rks dgsxk fd D;k
gekjs ikl dsoy vkidk gh ekeyk gS] tc vkidk ekeyk is'k
gksxk rks vkidks iqdkjk tk;sxkA vxj vki chp esa dgh ikuh ihus
;k pk; ihus pys x;s vkSj bl chp iqdkj iM+ xbZ vkSj vki gkftj
ugha gks ik;s rks gks ldrk gS fd vxyh is'kh ij vkids f[kykQ
okjaV tkjh gks tk, ;k ijs'kku djus ds fy;s f[kykQ ikVhZ }kjk tkjh
djk fn;k tk;sA vkSj vxj okjaV ugha Hkh tkjh gks rks Hkh vkids eu
Lokra=kksÙkj Hkkjr esa U;k;[kphZyh U;k; iz.kkyh%
d"Vnk;h izfØ;k ,oa tfVy U;kf;d laLd`fr%
foe'kZehfM;k
97
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
esa Hk; rks cuk gh jgrk gS fd dgha ,slk gks u tk,A gdhdr D;k gS
bl ckjs esa rks Bhd ls dqN dgk ugha tk ldrk ysfdu lquus esa rks
vkrk gS fd fdUgha izdj.kksa esa [kqjkQrh yksx phtksa dks dqN ,sls
eSust djrs gSa fd dksVZ ls lEeu tkjh fd;s tkus dh dk;Zokgh rks
eqdEey iwjh gksrh gS ysfdu lkeus okys dks lwpuk rc feyrh gS
tc mlds ikl fxj¶rkjh okjaV igq¡prk gSA dHkh&dHkh rks yEcs
bUrtkj ds ckn 'kke dks rhu&pkj cts vkidh is'kh gksrh gS vkSj
vkils dg fn;k tkrk gS fd Qyk¡ rkjh[k dks vxyh is'kh ij
vkb;sA ljdkjh odhy ls iwfN;s fd esjk c;ku D;ksa ugha gks ik;k
rks og vkidks cyk;sxk fd iqfyl dh rjQ ls og fjdkMZ is'k ugha
gqvk ftl ij vkidk c;ku gksuk gSA isf'k;k¡ pyrh jgrh gSa] fjdkWMZ
ugha feyrk gS vkSj c;ku Vyrk jgrk gS vkSj fQj fdlh rkjh[k ij
vkils dg fn;k tkrk gS fd ekeyk fjO;w ds fy;s Åij dh vnkyr
dks jsQj fd;k x;k gSA vkxs tc vkidh t:jr iM+sxh rks vkidks
cqyk fy;k tk;sxkA ,slk Hkh gksrk gS fd iqfyl esa ekeyk ntZ gksus
vkSj dksVZ esa vkidks c;ku ds fy;s cqyk;s tkus esa gh djhc iPphl
lky yx tkrs gSaA vkxs vkidks cqyk;k tkrk gS ;k ugha vkSj vxj
cqyk;k tkrk gS rks blesa fdruk le; yxsxk bl ckjs esa dqN dgk
ugha tk ldrk gSA ,sls esa cl lk¡l ck¡/kdj pqipki bUrtkj djus
ds vykok vkils ikl dksbZ vU; fodYi ugha gksrk gSA
pkgs xokgh ;k c;ku ds fy;s gh lgh tc dksVZ dk leu
ysdj nks iqfyl okys fdlh ds ?kj igq¡prs gSa rks Hkys gh og fdruk gh
cM+k rhlekj [kk¡ D;ksa u gks mlds gkFk iSj Qwy tkrs gSa vkSj dkxt
gkFk esa vkrs gh dksVZ&dpgjh dh fdYyr ds ckjs esa lksp dj mldh
tku vk/kh gks tkrh gSA dqN cqrQjdkrh o [kqjkQkrh fdLe ds yksx
tks dksVZ&dpgjh dh tfVyrkvksa] Vs<+h&es<+h pkyksa vkSj isfpanfx;ksa ls
iwjh rkSj ij okfdQ gksrs gSa] ,sls fdlh vkneh] tks muds mYVs lh/ks
dkeksa esa 'kjhd ughs gksrk gS] dks uhpk fn[kkus vFkok viuh dksbZ
iqjkuh jaft'k fudkyus ds fy;s csotg fdlh izdj.k esa ;k rks Lo;a
;k fdlh ds dU/ks ij cUnwd j[k dj my>k nsrs gSa rkfd og
dksVZ&dpgjh ds pDdj esa ijs'kku gksrk jgs vkSj mUgsa ;g dgus fd
cM+k fl)kUroknh cuk fQjrk Fkk] vc vk;k gS Å¡V igkM+ ds uhps]
mldh f[kYyh mM+kus vkSj mldh ckr u ekuus dk etk p[kkus dk
ekSdk fey tk,A vr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd dqN [kqjkQkrh yksxksa ds
pDdj esa iM+dj U;k; iz.kkyh vkt muds gkFkksa 'kjhQ o lh/ks lk/ks
yksxksa ls viuh [kqUul fudkyus vkSj mUgsa rax djus dk tfj;k cu
xbZ gSA bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd viuh le; lk/;] [kphZyh o
tfVy ,oa ;a=k.kknk;h izd`fr rFkk vius bnZ fxnZ cqrQjdkrh o
[kqjkQkrh yksxksa dh tekr tksM+ ysus ds dkj.k Hkkjr esa U;k; iz.kkyh
vkt vU;k; iz.kkyh cu xbZ gS] tks yksxksa ds vk¡lwa iksNus dh txg
mUgsa #ykus dk dke dj jgh gSA oSls Hkh] vius ns'k esa U;k; iz.kkyh
dks vkt O;olkf;drk ,oa vkSipkfjdrk us bruh cqjh rjg tdM+
j[kk gS fd blesa U;k; <w<+ ikuk eqf'dy gks x;k gSA blhfy;s yksx
bZ'oj ls ;g izkFkZuk djrs jgrs gSa fd Hkxou Hkys gh udZ dk nq[k
Hkksxus dh ltk ns nsuk ysfdu iqfyl] dksVZ vkSj dpgjh ds pDdj ls
cpk dj j[kukA
^dk cj[kk tc d`f"k lq[kkuh* dh dgkor d`f"k ij
rks ykxw gksrh gh gS fdUrq mlls dgha vf/kd ;g U;k; ij ykxw gksrh
gSA D;ksafd vxj U;k; dh ckV tksgrs tksgrs fdlh dh vk¡[ksa lw[k
tk;sa] tsy ds Hkhrj ;k ckgj eqdnes dh ;a=k.kk >syrs&>syrs fdlh
dh ftUnxh xqtj tk;s ;k mlds izk.k i[ks: mM+ tk;sa rc dgha
tkdj mls U;k; feys rks blls D;k Qk;nk\ blls u rks mldh
vk¡[kksa esa [kq'kh Nydsxh] u mldh ftUnxh ds os fnu ykSV dj vk;saxs
vkSj u gh mlds izk.k okil vk;saxs] ftlls og ftUnk gksdj ;g
tku lds fd mldks U;k; feykA vxj mUuhl lky ds ckn pkSng
lky dh Vsful f[kykM+h #fpdk ds lkFk NsM+NkM+ djus ds ekeys esa]
ftldh ekufld ;a=k.kk >sy u ikus ds dkj.k mls vkRegR;k djus
dks foo'k gksuk iM+k] vfHk;qDr gfj;k.kk ds iwoZ Mhthih dks N% ekg
ds dBksj dkjkokl dh ltk fey Hkh xbZ rks bls D;k e`r ihfM+rk dks
U;k; feyuk dgk tk ldrk gS\ ;g dsoy #fpdk dk gh ekeyk
ugha gS] cfYd tsfldk yky] fufru dVkjk] dfo;=kh e/kqerh tSls
vusd izdj.k gSa ftuesa izHkko'kkyh yksxksa ds fo#) ihfM+rkvksa ;k
ihfM+rksa dks U;; feyus esa nsj gqbZ ¼if=kdk 2009 % 12%23½ vkSj
fuHkZ;k gR;kdk.M tSls dbZ ekeys gSa tks U;k; dh ckV tksg jgs gSaA
le; lk/;rk Hkkjrh; U;k; iz.kkyh dh ,d cgqr cM+h
[kkeh gSA yEch o tfVy vnkyrh dk;Zokgh ds nkSjku vkneh dks
tks ijs'kkuh o ftYyr mBkuh iM+rh gS] tks ekufld ;a=k.kk Hkksxuh
iM+rh gS vkSj le; o iSlk [kpZ djuk iM+rk gS bu lcdks ns[krs gq;s
yksxksa dks ;g dguk fd ^vnkyr esa tks thrk le>ks gkj x;k vkSj
tks gkjk le>ks ej x;k* cgqr dqN lgh yxrk gSaA laizfr vnkyr
dk QSlyk vkus esa iUnzg&chl lky yx tkuk dksbZ cM+h ckr ugha gS
vkSj vxj brus le; esa Hkh QSlyk vk tk;s rks xuher gS oukZ dksVZ
ds QSlys ds bUrtkj esa yksxksa dh iwjh ftUnxh chr tkrh gSA
vkerkSj ij ns[kus esa vkrk gS fd rkdroj] frdM+eh vkSj
eqdnesckth esa ekfgj yksx fupyh vnkyr ds QSlys ds f[kykQ
Åij dh vnkyr esa] ogk¡ Hkh flaxy csap ls Mcy csap esa vkSj vxj
U;k; esa foyEc%
98
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
Mcy csap dk QSlyk Hkh muds vuqdwy ugha gqvk rks mlls Å¡ph
vnkyr esa vihy yxk nsrs gSaA bu lcds ihNs mudh lksp ;g gksrh
gS fd ekeyk ftruk f[kapsxk vfHk;kstu i{k dh fujk'kk mruh
c<+sxh ftlls mldh vksj ls ekeys dh iSjoh esa <hy vk;sxh]
xokg&lcwr detksj iM+saxs vkSj ijs'kku gksdj ihNs gV tk;saxs] ,sls esa
mlds nks"k eqDr ;k cjh gksus dh laHkkouk c<+ tk;sxhA
lq/kka'kq jatu ¼2015%8½ ds vuqlkj foyEc Hkkjrh; U;k;
iz.kkyh dk lcls cM+k jksx gSA rRdkyhu jsyea=kh yfyr ukjk;.k
feJ dh gR;k rhu tuojh mUuhl lkS ipgÙkj dks gqbZ vkSj yxHkx
pkyhl o"kksZa ckn Vªk;y dksVZ dk QSlyk vk;kA vHkh mPp o
mPpre U;k;ky; esa ekeys dh vihy o lquokbZ ckdh gSA vle
dk epy ykyqax pkSou o"kksZa rd tsy esa fcuk fdlh Vªk;y ds jgkA
bl ckr dk dksbZ fjdkWMZ Hkh ugha Fkk fd mlus dksbZ vijk/k fd;k
FkkA ckn esa mPpre U;k;ky; esa ekeys dks ,d tufgr ;kfpdk ds
ek/;e ls mBk;s tkus ij mls ,d #i;s ds futh eqpyds ij tsy ls
fjgk fd;k x;kA Hkkjrh; U;k; iz.kkyh esa foyEc fdl lhek rd
ns[kus dks feyrk gS bls Li"V djrs gq;s os vkxs dgrs gSa fd fo'o esa
lcls yEcs le; rd pyus okys eqdnes dk fjdkMZ Hkkjr ds uke
gh gS tks fxuht cqd esa ntZ gSA
iq.ks esa 28 vizSy 1966 dks ckyk lkgc iVyks th FkksjkV
dks ml ekeys esa fu.kZ; feyk tks muds iwoZtksa us 761 lky igys
1205 esa nk;j fd;k FkkA eqík Fkk lkoZtfud lekjksgksa esa v/;{krk
djus dkA U;k; esa foyEc dh ckr rks viuh txg gS gh fdlh gn
rd dkuwu Hkh] Hkys gh ijks{k :i ls gh lgh] vfHk;qDr dh enn Hkh
djrs gSaA lh ch vkbZ ds iwoZ funs'kd tksfxUnj flag dk ekuuk gS fd
ewy vf/kdkjksa ds uke ij geus lkjs vf/kdkj vfHk;qDr dks t:j ns
fn;s gSa ysfdu ihfM+r O;fDr dks dqN ugha fn;k gSA os fcpkjs ekeys
Vyrs jgus ls n'kdksa rd b/kj&m/kj HkVdrs o ijs'kkuh Hkqxrrs jgrs
gSaA
O;kogkfjd n`f"V ls vxj ns[kk tk;s rks U;k; esa foyEc
dks U;k; ugha cfYd vU;k; dguk gh vf/kd lgh yxrk gSa D;ksafd
tSlk fd iwoZ esa geus ns[kk fd Hkkjr esa U;kf;d izfØ;k tfVy gh
ugha cfYd cgqr le;&lk/; gSaA vxj U;k; ds bUrtkj esa yksxksa dh
ftUnxh xqtj tk, rks fQj ,sls U;k; dk D;k eryc gqvkA bl
lEcU/k esa lhchvkbZ ds iwoZ funs'kd tksfxUnj flag ds vuqlkj ge
dg ldrs gSa fd vkt ns'k dh vnkyrksa esa yfEcr ekeyksa dh la[;k
rhu djksM+ chl yk[k gS ftlesa ipkl gtkj ekeys mPpre
U;k;ky; esa] mUrkyhl yk[k ekeys mPp U;k;ky;ksa esa vkSj ckdh
ekeys fupyh vnkyrksa ds py jgs gSaA ¼bjknksa ls feysxk U;k;&oknksa
ls ugha½A ,d eksVs vuqeku ¼tulÙkk 2010%7%20%6½ ds vuqlkj
vxj dksbZ u;k eqdnek nk;j u gks rc Hkh ekStwnk j¶rkj ds
vuqlkj bu vVds ekeyksa dks fuiVkus esa rhu lkS lky yx tk;saxsA
vr% ,sls esa vxj ge vU; ckrksa tSls U;k; esa fu"i{krk] xq.koÙkk
vkfn dks NksM+ nsa vkSj dsoy yfEcr izdj.kksa dh la[;k vkSj muds
fujkdj.k dh j¶rkj dks gh /;ku esa j[ksa rks Hkh ;g ugha dg ldrs
fd ns'k esa U;k; dh fLFkfr lUrks"ktud gSA
laizfr lkoZtfud thou esa Hkz"Vkpkj cgqr O;kid :i ls O;kIr gks
x;k gSA ukSdj'kkgh ¼ftlds ckjs esa ge iwoZ esa ppkZ dj pqds gSa½
lfgr dekscs'k lekt ds lHkh oxksZa dks blus viuh fxj¶r esa ys
fy;k gSA NksVs deZpkjh ls ysdj cM+s vf/kdkjh] [kqnjk O;kikjh ls
ysdj cM+s iw¡thifr ,oa O;kikfjd ?kjkuksa rFkk NqVHkS;k usrkvksa ls
ysdj cM+s usrkvksa rd dekscs'k lHkh oxZ ,oa Js.kh ds yksxksa esa blus
viuh iSB cuk yh gSA jktuhfr dHkh jk"Vª lsok ekuh tkrh Fkh
ysfdu vc ,d equkQs dk /kU/kk cu xbZ gSA vc jktuhfr esa
Hkz"Vkpkj uhps ds NksVs Lrj ls mB dj Åij cM+s Lrj ij igq¡p x;k gS
vkSj ogk¡ ;g brus cM+s iSekus ij bruk O;kid gks x;k gS fd
fofHkUu ?kksVkyksa vkSj gokyksa ds ek/;e ls vc nck fNik ugha cfYd
txtkfgj gks x;k gSA Hkz"Vkpkj ds [ksy esa jktusrk vkt ukSdj'kkgh
ds yksxksa ls Hkh T;knk ekfgj gks x;s gSaA bl ckjs esa lhchvkbZ ds iwoZ
funs'kd tksfxUnj flag ¼2014½ }kjk fn;k x;k ,d mnkgj.k
dkfcys xkSj gSA ekeyk ,d fctusleSu dk gS ftls ,d u;k m|ksx
yxkus ds fy, ljdkj ls eatwjh pkfg;s FkhA ,d fcpkSfy, ds
ek/;e ls jde r; gqbZ vkSj ea=kh egksn; us Qkby ij vaxzsth esa
lkoZtfud thou rFkk dk;Zikyura=k ,oa U;k;ra=k esa Hkz"Vkpkj%
njvly gekjh vnkyrh iz.kkyh csgn [kphZyh gSA ifj.kkeLo:i] blesa vehj eqdnesckt
tks [kpZ ogu dj ldrk gS og U;k; dks /krk crkrk gqvk thrrk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
vketu tks detksj gksrs gSa vkSj [kpkZ ogu ugha dj ldrs dks
rks bl U;k;ra=k esa fujk'kk gh gkFk yxrh gSA
foe'kZehfM;k
99
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
vizwOM fy[krs gq;s eatwjh ns nhA tc fu/kkZfjr le; ij jde ugha
igq¡ph rc mUgksaus Qkby cqyokbZ vkSj vizwOM ds vkxs vaxzsth esa
^ukV* fy[k fn;k ftldk eryc gks x;k ^ukV vizwOM* vFkkZr eatwjh
ughaA vc fctusleSu ,d ubZ eqlhcr esa Qal x;kA ysfdu mlus
gkj ugha ekuh vkSj bl eqlhcr ls cpus ds fy, mlus nwljk
fcpkSfy;k [kkstk vkSj mlds ek/;e ls ekeyk vc igys ls nqxuh
jde ij r; gqvkA jde igq¡p xbZ vkSj ea=kh th us fQj Qkby
cqyokbZ vkSj Qkby ij vaxzsth esa fy[ks ukV esa bZ v{kj vkSj tksM+
fn;kA ftlls Qkby ij ^ukV vizwOM* dh txg vc ^uksV vizwOM* gks
x;k vFkkZr eatwjh ns nh xbZA
lkoZtfud thou ds dekscs'k lHkh {ks=kksa esa Hkz"Vkpkj dh
O;kidrk ds pyrs vc Hkkjr dk uke fo'o esa Hkz"Vkpkj ds vxz.kh
ns'kksa esa 'kqekj gksus yxk gSA laizfr Hkz"Vkpkj ds lEcU/k esa Vªkalisjsalh
bUVjus'kuy }kjk o"kZ 2014 esa fd;s x;s ,d loZs{k.k ds vk/kkj ij
100 ¼vfr LoPN½ ls 0 ¼vfr Hkz"V½ ds iSekus ij Hkkjr 38 ds Ldksj
ds lkFk 85osa LFkku ij vofLFkr gSA ,slk yxrk gS fd Hkz"Vkpkj gh
vc Hkkjr esa ljdkjksa dk fgMsu ,ts.Mk cu x;k gS] Hkys gh os
fpYyk&fpYyk dj Hkz"Vkpkj eqDr 'kklu iznku djus dk vk'oklu
nsrh gksa ;k Hkz"Vkpkj ds fo#) ^thjks VkyjsUl* dh ckr djrh gksaA
bl lanHkZ esa lhchvkbZ ds iwoZ funs'kd tksfxUnj flag ¼2014½ dk
ekuuk gS fd fdlh Hkh ljdkj dh izkFkfedrk vkt iz'kklu esa
lPpkbZ ;k bZekunkjh ykuk vFkok mls turk ds izfr tokcnsg
cukuk ugha cfYd [kqn dks cpk;s j[kuk gSA jktusrkvksa ;k
jktuSfrd nyksa dk vkt ,d gh fl)kUr gS] lÙkk esa cus jgukA
turk ls mUgsa dqN ysuk nsuh ugha gSA vius ;gk¡ <sjksa izdkj ds
jsX;wysVj o baLisDVj gSa ftudk ewy dke turk dks U;k; ugha cfYd
mlls ftruk gks lds mruk iSlk olwy djuk gSA vki pkgsa lkjk
dke dkuwu o dk;nk esa djsa fQj Hkh os pkgsa rks vkidk dkj[kkuk
;k vkidk iwjk dkjksckj BIi djk nsa D;ksafd ,sls vf/kdkj muds
ikl gSaA muds f[kykQ vxj Åij f'kdk;r dh tk;s rks dksbZ lquus
okyk ugha gS D;ksafd iSlk lcds ikl igq¡prk gSA
Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj dkuwuksa dh cgqyrk dh otg ls pkykd
yksxksa dks dkuwu rksM+us ;k mldh vuns[kh djus dk ekSdk fey
tkrk gSA Hkz"Vkpkj ds pyrs dsl ntZ gh ugha gksrs vkSj vxj gksrs Hkh
gSa rks ntZ djrs le; gh detksj dj fn;s tkrs gSa ftlls dsl esa
U;k; feyus dh laHkkouk {kh.k gks tkrh gSA buds vfrfjDr iqjkus
dkuwu vkt ds vijk/kksa dks dkcw esa yk ldsa ;g t:jh ugha gSA
lhchvkbZ ds iwoZ funs'kd tksfxUnj flag ¼2014½ dk ekuuk gS fd
1863 ds izkphu dkuwuksa ls 2013 ds Hkz"Vkpkj o vU; vijk/kksa ls
ugha fuiVk tk ldrkA bl lanHkZ esa ân; ukjk;.k nhf{kr ¼2010%6½
dk ;g dguk cgqr izklafxd gS fd n.M izfØ;k lafgrk n.M fo/kku
dh O;ogkfjd fu;ekoyh gS tks vaxzsth jkt esa Hkkjrh;ksa dks ihfM+r
djus ds fy;s cukbZ xbZ Fkh--- iqfyl dkuwu 149 o"kZ iqjkuk gSA cgqr
ls iqfyl vk;ksx cusA lqizhe dksVZ us Hkh lq/kkj ds funsZ'k fn;s ysfdu
urhtk 'kwU;A fof/k vk;ksx lSdM+ksa iqjkus dkuwu esa la'kks/ku ds
lq>ko ns pqdk gS--- lekt cny jgk gSA iqjkus dkuwu vizklafxd gks
jgs gSaA u;s dkuwuksa dh vko';drk gS ysfdu cnyh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds
vuq:i fof/k fuekZ.k dk dk;Z ugha gksrkA
Hkz"Vkpkj ;fn jktuhfr o ukSdj'kkgh ds nk;js rd gh
lhfer jgrk rks Hkh xuher Fkh fdUrq laizfr ;g U;k;ra=k] tks
Hkz"Vkpkj ls yM+us dk lokZf/kd fo'oluh; ra=k ekuk tkrk gS] esa Hkh
izos'k dj x;k gSA mPpre U;k;ky; ds eq[; U;k;k/kh'k ih-,u-
Hkxorh us lsokfuo`Ùk gksrs gq;s dgk Fkk fd U;k;ikfydk esa Hkz"Vkpkj
Nykaxsa ekj jgk gSA dekscs'k blh izdkj dk fopkj lsokfuo`Ùk eq[;
U;k;k/kh'k ,l-ih-Hk#pk us Hkh O;Dr fd;k gSA mudk ekuuk gS fd
iUnzg izfr'kr ¼15 izfr'kr½ U;k; ikfydk Hkz"V gS ¼uS;j] 2009 %
6½A buds vfrfjDr mPpre U;k;ky; ds gh ,d vU; eq[;
U;k;k/kh'k lO; lkaph eqdthZ ¼lan% 'kj.k] 2010%6½ us chl o"kZ
igys dgk Fkk fd fupyh vnkyr esa cM+k Hkz"Vkpkj gSA vc mPp o
mPprj U;k;ky;ksa ij Hkh Å¡xyh mBus yxh gSA
njvly] vkt gekjs thou esa Hkz"Vkpkj bruk O;kid gks
x;k gS fd f'k{kk vkSj U;k; tSls lfn;ksa ls lkQ ikd le>s tkus
okys tu vkLFkk ds foHkkxksa ij ls Hkh yksxksa dk fo'okl fMxus yxk
gSA vkt yksxksa ds eu esa ;g /kkj.kk cuus yxh gS fd vc bu
foHkkxksa esa Hkh Hkz"Vkpkj iuius yxk gSA Hkys gh buesa vHkh ;g
viuh tM+ ugha tek ik;k gSA vr% bl ckr dh ge vuns[kh ugha
dj ldrs fd U;k; tks gekjs ra=k dh /kqjh gS ftl ij gekjk iwjk ra=k
fVdk gqvk gS rFkk f'k{kk tks gekjs ra=k dk ekxZn'kZd ;a=k gS] dk
O;kf/kxzLr gks tkuk vkus okys le; esa gekjs ns'k o lekt ds fy;s
[krjs dk ladsr gSA le; jgrs vxj ge Hkz"Vkpkj :ih bl laØked
jksx ij dkcw ugha ikrs gSa rks laHko gS fudV Hkfo"; esa gekjh ;g iwjh
O;oLFkk gh /oLr gks tk;s ftls gekjh fiNyh dqN ihf<+;ksa us cM+h
dqckZuh nsdj [kM+k fd;k FkkA
ns'k esa U;k; dh fLFkfr ds ckjs esa iwoZ esa dh xbZ ppkZ ds
vk/kkj ij ge fu"d"kZ :i esa dg ldrs gSa fd laizfr Hkkjrh;
Hkkjrh; U;k;ra=k % leL;k;sa ,oa lek/kku
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foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
U;k;ra=k esa dbZ [kkfe;k¡ vk xbZ gSa vkSj dbZ fodkj iSnk gks x;s gSa]
ftudh otg ls blesa dqN njkjsa vk xbZ gSa ysfdu ;s njkjsa vHkh
bruh pkSM+h vkSj xgjh ugha gqbZ gSa fd ra=k cSBus dh dxkj ij vk
x;k gksA ra=k esa vk;s bu fodkjksa ds fy;s ra=k dks nks"k nsus vkSj
dkslus] tSlk fd vkerkSj ij gksrk gS] ds igys gekjs fy;s nks ckrksa
dks /;ku esa j[kuk okftc gksxkA ,d rks ;g fd dksbZ ra=k Qqy izwQ
gks ,slk vkerkSj ij gksrk ugha gS vkSj vxj gksrk Hkh gS rks viokn
Lo:i fdUgha nqyZHk fLFkfr;ksa esa gh gksrk gS fdUrq bldk ;g eryc
ugha gS fd ge ra=k ds Qqy izwQ gksus dh vkn'kZ fLFkfr dks izkIr djus
vkSj vxj bldh laHkkouk ugha fn[kkbZ iM+s rks de ls de mlds
lfUudV igq¡pus dh mEehn vkSj mlds fy;s iz;kl djuk gh NksM+
nsaA nwljh ckr ftl ij gesa /;ku nsus dh t:jr gS og ;g gS fd
dgk¡ rd ;s [kkfe;k¡ ra=k dh eSu ikoj e'khujh dh viuh
detksfj;ksa dh otg ls vkSj dgk¡ rd ;s ckg~; dkj.kksa dh otg ls
gSaA vxj ;s [kkfe;k¡ igys izdkj ds dkj.kksa vFkkZr ra=k dh viuh
detksfj;ksa dh otg ls gSa rks de ls de ml gn rd tgk¡ rd ;s
ra=k dh detksjh dh otg ls gSa ge ra=k dks dV?kjs esa [kM+k dj ldrs
gSa vkSj mldh HkRlZuk Hkh dj ldrs gSa fdUrq vxj ;s ckg~; dkj.kksa
dh otg ls gSa rks ra=k dks nks"kh Bgjkuk Bhd ugha gksxkA
FkksM+h nsj ds fy;s vxj ge ;g eku ysa fd iUnzg izfr'kr
U;k;ikfydk Hkz"V gS vkSj blds fy;s dekscs'k uhps ds Lrj ls ysdj
Åij ds Lrj rd ds U;k;k/kh'k Hkh lUnsg ds ?ksjs esa gSa& bl ckr esa
lPpkbZ gS ;k ;g lPpkbZ ds cgqr fudV gS rks fuLlansg ge blds
fy;s U;k;ra=k dks nks"kh eku ldrs gSa vkSj mldh HkRlZuk Hkh dj
ldrs gSaaA fdUrq bl ckr ls ?kcjkus ;k ijs'kku gksus dh txg gesa
bls nwj djus dh dksf'k'k djuh pkfg;sA D;ksafd ;g dksbZ ,slh [kkeh
ugha gS ftldk lek/kku ugha <w<+k tk ldsA bl leL;k ds lek/kku
ds fy;s ,d rks ,sls U;k;k/kh'kksa ds dnkpj.k ds fo#) l[r
dk;Zokgh dj ;g eslst fn;k tk ldrk gS fd Hkz"Vkpkj dks vc
lgu ugha fd;k tk;sxk vkSj mlls l[rh ls fuiVk tk;sxk rkfd
Hkfo"; esa nwljs U;k;k/kh'k ,slk djus dk lkgl ugha dj ldsaA nwljs
;g fd ge viuh f'k{kk O;oLFkk dks vf/kd ls vf/kd izHkkodkjh
cuk;sa rkfd og ,sls mÙkjnk;h] laLdkjlEiUu ,oa pfj=koku ;qok
'kfDr dk fuekZ.k djs ftlds fdlh izdkj ds izyksHku esa vkdj
vius nkf;Ro ls HkVdus dh xqatkb'k ugha jgsA rhljs ;g fd viuh
f'k{kk O;oLFkk dks vkn'kZ cukus ds lkFk ge vius lkoZtfud thou
dks LoPN o fueZy cukus dh Hkh dksf'k'k djsaA D;ksafd vxj
lkoZtfud thou dk ekgkSy xUnk o Hkz"V gksxk rks U;k;k/kh'k Hkh
blls izHkkfor gks ldrs gSa D;ksafd os Hkh vkf[kj vkneh gh gSa] dksbZ
Hkxoku ugha gSa vkSj ;g fd lHkh vkneh leku :i ls etcwr ugha
gksrsA ,sls esa fo'ks"k :i ls detksj O;fDrRo ds yksxksa ds fy;s xUns
ekgkSy ls izHkkfor gksus dh laHkkouk ls bUdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk
gSA
rVLFk :i ls ;fn fopkj fd;k tk, rks dgk tk ldrk gS
fd U;k;ikfydk dh vf/kdka'k detksfj;ksa ds fy, ckg~; dkj.k
fo'ks"k :i ls O;oLFkk tfur dkj.k vf/kd ftEesnkj gSaA
U;k;ikfydk Lo;a buds fy;s vf/kd ftEesnkj ugha gSA ;g lgh gS
fd nqfu;k¡ tgk¡ vius dke dkt dh iqjkuh rduhdksa vkSj iqjkus rkSj
rjhdksa dk vk/kqfudhdj.k dj rsth ls vkxs c<+ jgh gS ogha
U;k;ikfydk vius vfHkys[kksa ds j[kj[kko ,oa :Vhu ds dkeksa dks
fuiVkus vkfn esa vHkh Hkh viuh iqjkuh rduhdksa vkSj rkSj rjhdksa ls
fpidh gqbZ gSA cgqr dqN ftldh otg ls mldh dk;Zdq'kyrk]
xq.koÙkk ,oa dk;Zizxfr esa dksbZ lq/kkj ugha gks ik;k gSA bl detksjh
ls mcjus ds fy;s U;k;ikfydk dh viuh dk;Ziz.kkyh dks
fMftVkbt djus dh t:jr gSA blds fy;s igys mls vius esa
bPNk'kfDr iSnk djuh gksxh vkSj dfBu ifjJe djuk gksxkA bl
dk;Z dks iwjk djus ds fy;s 'kklu dh vksj ls mls vko';d foÙkh;
lgk;rk rFkk dkfeZd izf'k{k.k ,oa vU; vko';d lqfo/kk,¡
miyC/k djkuh gksaxhA Q.M dh deh U;k;ky;ksa ds vk/kqfudhdj.k
esa cgqr cM+h ck/kk gS] ftls nwj fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA Hkkjr dh fxurh
nqfu;k¡ ds mu ns'kksa esa gksrh gS tgk¡ vkcknh dh rqyuk esa U;k;
O;oLFkk ij cgqr de [kpZ gksrk gS ¼tulÙkk] tqykbZ 20] 2011] i`-
6½A
U;k; dh ftu nks fo'ks"krkvksa dks mldh vk/kkjHkwr
fo'ks"krk,¡ fu:fir fd;k tk ldrk gS muesa ,d gS fu"i{k U;k;A
U;k; dh fu"i{krk dk tgk¡ rd iz'u gS] ;g nks ckrksa ls izHkkfor gks
ldrh gSA ,d rks ;g fd U;k;k/kh'k izyksHku] Hk; vFkok futh
yxko ;k iwokZxzg ds o'khHkwr gks fu.kZ; esa i{kikr cjrs vkSj nwljs
;g fd dkuwu brus vf/kd gksa ;k brus ypj gksa fd cpko i{k ds
odhy lcwr&xokg vkfn ds ek/;e ls ekeys dks bl rjg my>k nsa
fd U;k;k/kh'k lgh fu.kZ; ugha ys ikus ds fy;s foo'k gks tk;sA bl
flyflys esa tgk¡ rd U;k;ikfydk esa O;kIr Hkz"Vkpkj ls eqfDr ikus
dk iz'u gS ge iwoZ esa fopkj dj pqds gSa vkSj tgk¡ rd dkuwu dh
cgqyrk] ypjrk vFkok vi;kZIrrk dh otg ls U;k; ds izHkkfor
gksus dk iz'u gS] blls cpus ds fy;s dgk tk ldrk gS fd vuqHkoh
o l{ke fof/k fo'ks"kKksa dks ysdj ,d O;kid dkuwu lq/kkj vk;ksx
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015foe'kZehfM;k
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dk xBu fd;k tkuk pkfg;s tks fo|eku dkuwuksa esa iwoZ esa xfBr
vk;ksxksa }kjk lq>k;s x;s lq/kkjksa dh leh{kk rFkk lekt ds fof/k ,oa
fof/k;srj i{kksa ls ppkZ ds vk/kkj ij vizklafxd iM+ x;s iqjkus
dkukwuksa ds fujlu vkSj vkt dh t:jr ds vuqlkj u;s dkuwuksa ds
fuekZ.k ;k iqjkus dkuwuksa esa la'kks/ku gsrq jpukRed lq>ko izLrqr
djs] ftUgsa fopkjksikUr fØ;kfUor fd;k tk ldsA
U;k; dh nwljh vk/kkjHkwr fo'ks"krk gS le; ij U;k;
feyukA ysfdu ihfM+r dks le; ij U;k; u fey dj foyEc ls
feyuk tSlk fd ge iwoZ esa fopkj dj pqds gSa] Hkkjrh; U;k;ra=k dh
,d cM+h detksjh gSA fdUrq vxj U;k;ky;ksa esa nkf[ky ekeyksa dh
rqyuk esa U;k;k/kh'kksa dh la[;k cgqr de gks rks blds fy;s
U;k;ikfydk dks nks"kh Bgjkuk mfpr ugha gSA izk;% vius ;gk¡ ns[kus
esa vkrk gS fd fupys ,oa mPp U;k;y;ksa ls ysdj mPpre U;k;ky;
rd esa U;k;k/kh'kksa ds cgqr ls in fjDr iM+s jgrs gSa] ftldk ,d
dkj.k ;g gS fd mUgsa Hkjus dh izfØ;k cgqr /kheh gSA
lkFk gh] ns[kus esa ;g Hkh vkrk gS fd ftl j¶rkj ls
lekt esa fookn ,oa vijk/k rFkk muds fo#) U;k;ky;ksa esa ntZ
ekeyksa dh la[;k c<+ jgh gS ml j¶rkj ls u rks U;k;ky;ksa esa
U;k;k/kh'kksa dh la[;k c<+ jgh gS vkSj u gh U;k;ky;ksa dh
vUrlZjpuk dk fodkl gks ik jgk gS rkfd U;kf;d izfØ;k esa xfr
vk ldsA U;k;ky;ksa esa ntZ ekeyksa dh la[;k vkSj U;k;k/kh'kksa dh
la[;k esa o`f) dh njksa esa vUrj dh otg ls tgk¡ U;kf;d fu.kZ;ksa dh
xq.koÙkk vU;Fkk izHkkfor gksrh gS ogha U;k;ky;ksa esa yfEcr izdj.kksa
dh la[;k ?kVus dh txg c<+rh tkrh gSA ifj.kkeLo:i] U;k; esa
foyEc Hkh c<+rk tkrk gSA bl leL;k ds lek/kku ds fy;s ,d rks
U;k;k/kh'kksa ds fjDr inksa dks izkFkfedrk ds vk/kkj ij Hkjk tkuk
pkfg;s vkSj nwljs U;k;y;hu vko';drk ds vuqlkj fofHkUu Lrjksa
ij U;k;k/kh'kksa ds u;s in l`ftr fd;s tkus pkfg;s vkSj mu ij Hkh
;Fkk'kh?kz fu;qfDr;k¡ dh tkuh pkfg;sA lkFk gh] tgk¡ mPp Lrj ij
yfEcr izdj.kksa dh la[;k dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq;s vfrfjDr
U;k;ky;hu [k.MihBsa LFkkfir dh tkuh pkfg;s ogha uhps ds Lrj ij
vko';drkuqlkj u;s U;k;ky; [kksys tkus ds lkFk vfrfjDr
Rofjr ,oa xzkeh.k U;k;ky;ksa rFkk yksd vnkyrksa dh O;oLFkk Hkh
dh tkuh pkfg,A
vkt dh nqfu;k esa gj vkneh dekscs'k vius gh Hkys ds
ckjs esa lksprk gSA nwljksa ds Hkys ds ckjs esa rks 'kk;n gh dHkh dksbZ
lksprk gSA nwljksa ls og U;k; ,oa fu;e dkuwu ds ifjikyu rFkk
vkSjksa dh HkykbZ ds fy;s dke djus dh vis{kk t:j djrk gS ysfdu
ckr tc [kqn ij vkrh gS rks budh vuns[kh djrk gSA rkRi;Z ;g gS
fd vk/kqfudrk o mÙkj vk/kqfudrk ds ftl nkSj ls vkt ge xqtj
jgs gSa mlesa ijfgr dh ckr rks nwj] lR; vkSj U;k; ds vuqikyu
lEcU/kh vkn'kZ vkSj ewY; Hkh foyqIr gks jgs gSaA LFkkfir vkn'kksZa
vkSj ewY;ksa ds vHkko esa dsoy jkT;] dkuwu o ljdkj lekt esa
U;k; dh LFkkiuk dj ik;saxs blesa cgqr lUnsg gS D;ksafd fu;e o
dkuwu u rks Lo;a curs gSa vkSj u gh Lo;a lapkfyr gksrs gSaA bUgsa
euq"; cukrk gS vkSj ogh bUgsa ykxw Hkh djrk gSA U;k; vkSj vU;k;
Hkh u rks Lo;a mn~Hkwr gksrs gSa vkSj u gh fdlh nSoh; 'kfDr ls izsfjr
gksrs gSaA vU;k; Hkh euq"; djrk gS vkSj U;k; Hkh euq"; djrk gS
vkSj vU;k; dks nwj dj U;k; dh LFkkiuk Hkh euq"; gh djrk gSA
blfy;s lkekftd y{;ksa dh izkfIr vkSj lekt esa vkn'kksZa o ewY;ksa
dh LFkkiuk ds fy;s ge ekuoh; rRo dh mis{kk ugha dj ldrs vkSj
ekuo vPNk gks ldrk gS vkSj cqjk HkhA ;ksX; gks ldrk gS vkSj
v;ksX; HkhA deZB gks ldrk gS vkSj vdeZ.; HkhA fu"i{k gks
ldrk gS vkSj i{kikrh HkhA bekunkj gks ldrk gS vkSj Hkz"V HkhA
lPpfj=k gks ldrk gS vkSj nq'pfj=k HkhA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd
vxj lekt esa yksxksa esa ;ksX;rk o {kerk ugha gS] fu"i{krk] lR; o
U;k; ds izfr fu"Bk rFkk uSfrdrk] bZekunkjh ,oa drZO; o nkf;Ro
cks/k tSls pkfjf=kd xq.k ugha gaS rks u rks mlesa lR;fu"B o
U;k;fu"B fu;eksa o dkuwuksa dk fuekZ.k gks ldsxk vkSj u gh fu"i{k
o U;k;laxr <ax ls mudk O;ogkfjd vuqikyu gks ik;sxkA tgk¡
rd O;fDr esa ekuoh; xq.kksa ds fodkl ,oa pfj=k fuekZ.k dk iz'u gS
;g lkekftdj.k ,oa lkaLd`frd vUrjhdj.k dh izfØ;kvksa ds
ek/;e ls gksrk gSA ;s thoui;ZUr pyus okyh izfØ;k,¡ gSaA buesa
vusd O;fDr;ksa] lewgksa ,oa laLFkkvksa dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA
bl lEcU/k esa tgk¡ rd laLFkkxr ek/;eksa dh ckr gS] yksxksa esa U;k;
vkSj U;k; ds izfr fu"Bk] fu;e o dkuwu ds ifjikyu dh vkarfjd
bPNk rFkk vkRekuq'kklu ds fodkl esa f'k{kk dh egrh Hkwfedk gksrh
gSA
vc rd dh ppkZ ds vk/kkj ij lkjka'k :i esa dgk tk
ldrk gS fd vktknh ds bu vM+lB lkyksa ds lrr ,oa lagr iz;klksa
ds ckotwn lekt esa U;k; dh LFkkiuk lEcU/kh vius y{; ls vHkh
ge cgqr nwj gSaA U;k;iw.kZ lekt dh LFkkiuk ds laoS/kkfud vkn'kZ
rd igq¡pus ds ekxZ esa vHkh Hkh vusd ck/kk;sa gSa ftUgsa ge vHkh nwj
ugha dj ik;s gSaA
fo'ks"k :i ls Hkkjr dh ijaijkRed lkekftd lajpuk
milagkj
102
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
rFkk /kkfeZd ,oa lkaLd`frd fofo/krkvksa ds pyrs ns'k esa lkekftd]
vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd U;k; rFkk O;fDr dh xfjek vkSj jk"Vª dh
,drk dks lqfuf'pr djus okyh cU/kqrk ds fodkl ds ekxZ esa gekjs
lkeus dbZ nq"dj o nqlk/; pqukSfr;k¡ gSa] ftuls ikj ikuk ;|fi
vklku ugha gS fQj Hkh] vxj ge ,d ,slh f'k{kk iz.kkyh tks csgrj
Kku iznku djus ds lkFk O;fDr esa csgrj pfj=k dk fuekZ.k Hkh
djrh gks rFkk ,d ,slh dk;ZlaLd`fr tks lgh txg ij lgh O;fDr
dh inLFkkiuk rFkk dk;ksZiyfC/k ds vk/kkj ij mls lkekftd
ifjykHk dh izkfIr lqfuf'pr djrh gks dk fodkl dj ikrs gSa rks
fuf'pr :i ls ge ,d U;k;iw.kZ o mUur'khy lekt dh LFkkiuk
lEcU/kh vius y{; dh izkfIr esa lQy gks ldrs gSaA ysfdu
gdhdr rks ;g gS fd lafo/kku ds ek/;e ls HksnHkko dh lekfIr
vkSj Lora=krk o lekurk dks lekt dk cqfu;knh fl)kUr fu:fir
fd, tkus ds ckotwn yxrk gS fd yEcs le; ls lekt esa tM+ tek
pqds tUexr HksnHkko ls Hkkjrh; lekt dk tYnh ihNk NwVus okyk
ugha gSA igys ;g HksnHkko 'kq)rk&v'kq)rk ,oa dqyhurk&eyhurk
dh /kkj.kkvksa ij vk/kkfjr o.kZ ,oa tkfr ds :i esa Fkk tcfd vkt
,sfrgkfld {kfriwfrZ dh fcuk ij ukxfjd HksnHkko dh uhfr ij
vk/kkfjr tkrh; vkj{k.k ds :i esa gSA ifj.kkeLo:i] lekt esa
tkfr o tkfr vk/kkfjr HksnHkko vkt Hkh fo|eku gS Hkys gh blds
vkdkj] Lo:i rFkk ;a=k.kknk;h izd`fr ,oa dM+qokgV esa igys ls
deh vkbZ gSA
blh izdkj /kkfeZd Lora=krk dh vfHkO;fDr rFkk jkT;
dks /keZfujis{k Lo:i iznku fd;s tkus ds ckotwn lkaiznkf;drk Hkh
lekt esa fdlh u fdlh :i esa vkt Hkh eqdEey dk;e gSA vkSj
tkfr ,oa /keZ rFkk tkrh; ,oa /kkfeZd vkxzgksa ds pyrs Hkkjrh;
lekt esa ,drk o U;k; dh LFkkiuk dk dk;Z vklku ugha gSA
tkfrokn] laiznk;okn] {ks=kokn rFkk ikVhZokn vk/kkfjr i{kikr ,oa
rqf"Vdj.k rFkk Hkz"Vkpkj tSls fodkjksa ls xzLr Hkkjrh; lekt dh
orZeku gkyr dks ns[krs gq;s rks ;gh yxrk gS fd ,d U;k;iw.kZ o
mUur'khy lekt dh LFkkiuk lEcU/kh gekjk vkn'kZ vHkh ;FkkFkZ ls
cgqr nwj gSA
gk¡] foxr vM+lB lkyksa eas bruk t:j gqvk gS fd ge
vius y{; ls u rks HkVds gSa vkSj u gh blds fy;s fd, tkus okys
iz;kl esa tkus&vutkus dHkh deh vkus nh gSA oSls vkus okyk le;
ubZ ih<+h dk gS ftlds lkspus o dke djus dk <ax iqjkuh ih<+h ls
fcYdqy tqnk gSA vxj gkbZVsd lkslk;Vh dh vksj rsth ls c<+ jgh
bl ih<+h ds lkspus o dke djus dk ;g vk/kqfudrkijd] fMftVy
<ax gekjs fo/kk;hra=k] dk;Zikyura=k ,oa U;k;ra=k dh ijEijkxr
tM+rk ,oa O;fDrijd vfHkufr dks nwj dj ikrk gS rks Hkys gh bleas
dqN le; yxs fdUrq ,d U;k;iw.kZ] mUur o ,drkijd lekt dh
LFkkiuk lEcU/kh vius y{; dks izkIr djus esa ge vo'; lQy
gksaxsA bleas fdlh izdkj ds lUnsg dh dksbZ xqatkb'k ugha gSA
1- nhf{kr] ân; ukjk;.k 2010 fujk'k djrk U;kf;d ra=k
tqykbZ 30
2- uS;j] dqynhi 2009 lk[k xok¡rh U;k;ikfydk
fnlEcj 17
3- jatu] lq/kka'kq 2015 U;kf;d nsjh dk f'kdkj gkf'keiqjk
ekpZ 26
4- flag] tksfxUnj 2010 dkuwu ;k dkxth 'ksj
01%20%08
5- flag] tksfxUnj 2014 Qkbyksa ds uhps ne rksM+rh O;oLFkk
tuojh 23
6- flag] jkexksiky 1999
] jkor] t;iqj
7- flag jkexksiky 2014 cnyko dh ngyht ij Hkkjrh; yksdra=k
¼tuojh&ekpZ½ vad] i`- 109&16
8- 'kadj 'kj.k 2010 ;ksX;rk dk eksy nks dkSM+h tuojh 2
y{; gS dfBu] HkVdko Hkh cgqr gS]
exj vrhr dh xkSjo'kkyh /kjksgj
Lora=krk] lekurk vkSj vkRe&,dRo ds mifu"knh; fl)kÙk]
izse] Hkkbpkjk ,oa vÙknhiks Hko ds cq) ds lans'k vkSj
mfÙk"Br tkxzr izkI; cjku fucks/kr lEcU/kh
fosdkuUn ds mifu"knh; vkg~oku ds lEoy
gekjs lkFk gSaA
fuf'pr gh ge ,d fnu
HksnHkko] vU;k; vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj dh O;kf/k;ksa
tkrh;] lkaiznkf;d o ySafxd cU/kuksa ls eqDr gkasxs vkSj
,d U;k;iw.kZ mUur lekt dh jpuk esa dke;kc gksaxsA
cl] t:jr gS etcwr ladYi] n`<+ bPNk'kfDr vkSj
vius liuksa dks lkdkj djus ds tuwu dhAA
nSfud
tkxj.k
nSfud tkxj.k
fgUnqLrku
nSfud HkkLdj
nSfud
HkkLdj
lkekftd U;k; yksdra=k vkSj tkfr
O;oLFkk
ehfM;k foe'kZ
tulÙkk
1@7] ,evk;th] f'kokuh dkEIysDl f'kokth uxj] Hkksiky& 16]
eks- 91&9425443531
lanHkZ
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015foe'kZehfM;k
103
Le`fr 'ks"kosn izrki oSfnd
lls vPNk egkiz;k.k D;k gks ldrk gS\ MkW- vCnqy dyke
dks og lkSHkkX; feyk] tks vkt rd Hkkjr ds fdlh Hkh
jk"Vªifr dks ugha feykA os vafre {k.k rd dk;Zjr jgsA jk"Vªifr
in NksM+us ds ckn Hkh os ftrus lfØ; jgs] dksbZ vkSj jk"Vªifr ugha
jgkA os jk"Vªifr ugha curs rks Hkh os cM+s vkneh FksA os Hkkjr ds ,sls
igys jk"Vªifr Fks] tks jktuhfr ls fdlh Hkh rjg tqM+s ugha FksA oSls
dksbZ O;fä vDlj jk"Vªifr rks dbZ futh fo'ks"krkvksa ds dkj.k
curk gS ysfdu jk"Vªifr cuus ds fy, vusd jktuhfrd
ifjfLFkfr;ka gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSaA vCnqy dyke 'kq) vius xq.kksa ds
dkj.k jk"Vªifr cusA felkbyesu dh rkSj ij fo[;kr gksdj os
Hkkjr jRu rks cu gh pqds FksA muds fu/ku ij lkjs ns'k esa tSlk 'kksd
dk ekgkSy cuk gS] ogh crkrk gS fd os fdrus yksdfiz; FksA
MkW- dyke vius <ax ds vuwBs O;fä FksA os vuwBs
eqlyeku Hkh FksA mUgksaus vius vkpj.k ls fganqLrku ds eqlyekuksa
dks ubZ xfjek iznku dhA bLyke dk mnkj :i ns[kuk gks rks MkW-
dyke ds 'kkunkj O;fäRo esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA muds O;fäRo esa
foKku vkSj /keZ dk vn~Hkqr esy FkkA eSaus dbZ ckj Lo;a ns[kk fd os
tSu eqfu egkizKth ds lkFk n'kZu ds xw<+ jgL;ksa ij fopkj&foe'kZ
djrs FksA muds dk;ZØeksa esa Hkkx Hkh ysrs FksA v{kj/kke ds izeq[k
Lokeh ds lkFk gq, vk/;kfRed okrkZyki ij Hkh mudh iqLrd Nih
gSA mUgksaus 2020 dk Hkkjr dSlk cus] bl eqís ij ,d LoIun'khZ
fopkjd dh rjg fy[kk gSA mUgksaus dbZ iqLrdsa eq>s Lo;a HksaV dhaA os
pkgrs Fks fd Hkkjrh; yksdra=k f}nyh; cusA pqukoh mEehnokj
fcYdqy LoPN gksaA f'k{kk esa dke&/ka/kksa dk izf'k{k.k vfuok;Z gksA
Hkkjr dh lqj{kk vHks| gksA xjhch nwj gksA ysfdu ;g lc dkSu
djsxk\ gekjs usrk Hkh ;gh dgrs gSa ysfdu oksV vkSj uksV ds pDdj
esa lc dqN Hkwy tkrs gSaA MkW- jktsanz izlkn vkSj MkW- jk/kkd`".ku ds
vykok yxHkx lHkh jk"Vªifr;ksa ds lkFk esjk vPNk ifjp; jgk gSA
mu lc esa eq>s MkW- vCnqy dyke dqN vyx <ax ds O;fä yxrs FksA
eSa tc Hkh muls feyrk] eq>s yxrk fd eSa fdlh i<+s&fy[ks lk/kq ls
ckr dj jgk gwaA jk"Vªifr cuus ij Hkh mUgksaus viuh lknxh vkSj
lgtrk dks T;ksa dk R;ksa cuk, j[kkA jk"Vªifr Hkou dh nkorksa esa os
[kqn esgekuksa dks iwNrs FksA mudk pfj=k Hkh csnkx FkkA muds bl
dFku ij D;k ge /;ku nsaxs fd esjs ejus ij ns'k esa Nqêh ?kksf"kr u
dh tk,A ml fnu yksx T;knk dke djsaA D;k gh vPNk gks fd ns'k
ds lHkh egkiq#"kksa ds tue vkSj ej.k dh Nqfê;ka [kRe dj nh tk,¡A
D;k eksnh ljdkj esa bruk uSfrd cy gS\
muds jk"Vªifr&dky ds nkSjku mUgksaus lgh ckr ij ges'kk
tksj fn;k] gkykafd fcgkj ljdkj dks c[kkZLr djus ds vkns'k ij
mUgsa vius ekLdks&;k=kk ds nkSjku nLr[kr djus iM+sA lp iwNk tk,
rks eSa dg ldrk gwa fd vkusokyh ihf<+;ksa dks gekjs jk"Vªifr;ksa ds
uke ;kn jgsa ;k u jgsa ysfdu Hkkjr ds egku oSKkfud dh rkSj ij
MkW- vCnqy dyke dk uke lnk ;kn jgsxkA mUgsa esjh lknj
J)katfy!ys[kd ofj"B i=kdkj gSaA
b
vCnqy dyke% lk/kq oSKkfudMkW- dyke vius <ax ds vuwBs O;fä FksA os vuwBs eqlyeku Hkh FksA
mUgksaus vius vkpj.k ls fganqLrku ds eqlyekuksa dks ubZ xfjek iznku dhA
bLyke dk mnkj #i ns[kuk gks rks MkW- dyke ds 'kkunkj O;fäRo esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
muds O;fäRo esa foKku vkSj /keZ dk vn~Hkqr esy FkkA
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foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
Le`fr 'ks"kmes'k prqoZsnh
ptU; ds laiknd jgs] lgtrk dh vuU;ewfrZ] [kkfyl lgt bUlku vkSj viuspgsrksa ds chp dkdw ds rkSj ij e'kgwj
;knojko ns'keq[k pkj twu dks ogka ds fy, dwpdj x,] tgka ls dksbZ ykSVdj ugha vkrk---nhun;ky 'kks/k laLFkku ds izeq[k jgs 87 lky ds;kno jko ns'keq[k jk"Vªh; Lo;alsod la?k ds ,slsdk;ZdrkZ Fks] ftUgsa vgadkj Nw rd ugha x;k Fkk---ftl oä mUgksaus egkiz;k.k fd;k] ml oäv'kksd egku dh csVh la?kfe=kk }kjk cuok, x,lkaph ds Lrwi dh ;k=kk ij Fkk--fygktk ckck dhvkf[kjh ;k=kk dk ekSu vkSj ekfeZd xokg ugha cuik;k--ysfdu fofn'kk ls fnYyh ykSVus ds Øe esatSls gh ;g [kcj feyh--;knksa ds fgaMksyksa esa ckckls tqM+h dbZ lkjs ,d&,d dj vkus yxha--mudslqiq=k Hkkjrh; tulapkj laLFkku dh ohfFk;ksa esa vius lgikBh jgs gSa--blhfy, ckck ls ifjp; Hkh gqvk vkSj ;knojko ns'keq[k gekjs fy,Hkh ckck ;kuh firk gh gks x,--;'koar dh eka Hkh gesa csVk gh ekurhjgha--dHkh uke ugha fy;k--cgjgky ;knksa ds fgaMksys ls Nudj vk;h,d ;kn lk>k dj jgk gwa--tks [kkfyl i=kdkjh; vuqHko ls ifjiw.kZgS--
uoacj dh 'kq#vkr ds lkFk gh fnYyh dh fQtka fudVvrhr dh xfeZ;ksa ls tSls futkr ikus yxrh gSA 1999 dk uoacj Hkhnwljs lkyksa dh rjg xqykch BaM dh vkHkk fy, gh 'kq: gqvk FkkAysfdu ml lky vpkud ,d fnu fl;klh rkieku c<+ x;kArkieku c<+us dh otg Fkh Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ds fy, iz'u izns'kcuk mÙkjizns'kA 1999 ds yksdlHkk pqukoksa esa dY;k.k flag ds ckxhrsoj ds pyrs chtsih dks flQZ 29 lhVksa ij gh larks"k djuk iM+kFkkA blds Bhd ,d lky igys ds pqukoksa esa chtsih dks izns'k dh 85esa ls 52 lhVksa ij thr gkfly gqbZ FkhA bu lhVksa ds lkFk gh dsanz esaoktis;h dh ljdkj dh egRoiw.kZ uhao mÙkjizns'k us j[kh FkhA ysfdulky chrrs&chrrs mÙkjizns'k dh chtsih dh van:uh jktuhfr usiyVk [kk;kA rRdkyhu eq[;ea=kh dY;k.k flag us ckxh rsojvf[r;kj fd, vkSj blds ckn mÙkjizns'k chtsih ds fy, lokyksa dkizns'k cu x;kA ,sls ekgkSy esa dY;k.k flag dks cnys tkus dhlqxcqxkgV rks FkhA ysfdu mudh txg ij fdldh rktiks'kh gksxh]blds fy, d;klksa ds nkSj gh tkjh FksA
,sls d;klckft;ksa ds nkSj esa uoacj1999 dh ,d 'kke y[kuÅ ls [kcj vkbZ fdjkeizdk'k xqIr dks mÙkjizns'k esa chtsihfo/kkueaMy ny dk usrk pquk tk,xk vkSj mUgsaeq[;ea=kh in dh 'kiFk fnykbZ tk,xhAfnypLi ;g gS fd mÙkjizns'k dh 1967 dhlafon ljdkj esa tula?k ds dksVs lsmieq[;ea=kh vkSj 1977 dh turk ikVhZ dhljdkj esa m|ksx ea=kh jg pqds jkeizdk'k xqIrdks i=kdkj fcjknjh Hkwy xbZ FkhA rc buiafä;ksa dk ys[kd nSfud HkkLdj ds fnYyh C;wjksesa crkSj jktuhfrd laoknnkrk dk;Zjr FkkA/;ku jgs fd rc xwxy lpZ batu dk tekukugha Fkk vkSj baVjusV lfØ;rk dk rqjark&QqjarknkSj 'kq: gh ugha gqvk FkkA rc nSfud HkkLdj ds
fnYyh C;wjks ds izeq[k 'kjn f}osnh FksA mu fnuksa ,tsafl;ka ,sls izeq[kusrkvksa dh izksQkby fn;k djrh FkhaA ysfdu jkeizdk'k xqIr ds ukeokyh Qkby u rks ;wukbVsM U;wt vkWQ bafM;k esa Fkh vkSj uk gh izslVªLV vkWQ bafM;k esaA pwafd 'kjn f}osnh nksuksa gh ,tsafl;ksa dh fganhlfoZl okrkZ vkSj Hkk"kk ds laLFkkidksa esa ls ,d FksA fygktk nksuksa gh,tsafl;ksa ls muds ikl jkeizdk'k xqIr dh izksQkby ds fy,tkudkjh ;k U;wt dkWih dh ekax vkus yxhA 'kjn th dks jkeizdk'kxqIr dh ;kn rks Fkh] ysfdu mudh eqdEey izksQkby mUgsa ;kn ughaFkkA ,sls ekgkSy esa mUgksaus bu iafä;ksa ds ys[kd dh [kkst 'kq:djkbZA rc eksckby Qksu dk Hkh tekuk ugha FkkA cgjgky ges'kkdh rjg 'kke dks viuh chV dh [kcjsa ysdj n¶rj igqapk rks 'kjnth us Qjeku lquk fn;k fd fdlh Hkh rjg ls jkeizdk'k xqIr dhizksQkby rS;kj djks] D;ksafd Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ mUgsa mÙkjizns'k dkeq[;ea=kh cukus tk jgh gSA rc ladV ;g [kM+k gqvk fd vkf[kjxqIr dh tkudkjh dSls gkfly dh tk,A
,sls ekSdksa ij LoxhZ; Hkkuqizrki 'kqDy dh ;kn vkrh FkhAHkkuq th tSls fojkV O;fäRo ls irk ugha D;ksa dHkh f>>d ugha gqbZvkSj uk gh dHkh mUgksaus u, uosys yksxksa ls Hkh feyus&ckr djus esaviuh fojkV 'kf[l;r dks vkM+s vkus fn;kA ysfdu ml fnu fnYyhds caxkyh ekdsZV okys vius fuokl ij os ugha FksA Qksu fjlho djusokys us tc ;g tkudkjh nh rks ,lkbuesaV iwjk uk gksus dk ladV[kM+k gksrk utj vk;kA blh nkSjku 'kjn th ds dgs dqN 'kCn ;kn
ikacukoVhiu ls rkftanxh nwj jgs ;knojko ns'keq[k
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015foe'kZehfM;k
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vk,A mUgksaus jkeizdk'k xqIr dh tkudkjh nsrs gq, dgk fd eSausmUgsa y[kuÅ uxj fuxe esa doj fd;k FkkA ;gka ;g crk nsukt:jh gS fd 'kjn th dqN fnuksa rd fganqLrku lekpkj ds fy,y[kuÅ esa laoknnkrk jg pqds FksA blh ,d okD; us tSls jkeizdk'kxqIr dks idM+us dk lw=k ns fn;kA rc rRdky ckck dh ;kn vkbZAckck ;kuh ;knojko ns'keq[kA ikaptU; ds iwoZ laiknd] jk"Vªh;Lo;alsod la?k ds fopkjd vkSj xaHkhj i=kdkj ;knojko ns'keq[k dksgekjs lHkh lkFkh ckck gh dgk djrs FksA muds csVs vkSj lh oksVj dslaLFkkid ;'koar ns'keq[k pwafd Hkkjrh; tulapkj laLFkku esa gekjslkFkh Fks] fygktk bl ukrs muds ckck ge lHkh cSpesV~l ds fy,ckck gh gks x, FksA ckck ejkBh esa firk dk lacks/ku gksrk gSAcgjgky ckck dks Qksu fd;kA ckck oS'kkyh ds vius ?kj esa gh FksAmuls tc Qksu ij iwNk fd ckck vkidks irk jkeizdk'k xqIr dsckjs esa irk gSA ckck dks yxk fd ok/kZD; ds pyrs jkeizdk'k xqIrdk fu/ku gks x;k gSA fygktk nwljh rjQ dk tokc lqus fcuk osnq[k esa Mwc x, vkSj ckj&ckj ,d gh loky iwNus yxs fd csVk]mldk D;k gqvk\ fQj tokc lqus fcuk 1967 ds fo/kkulHkkpqukoksa dk ftØ djus yxsA Qksu ds nwljh rjQ mudh ;knksa dkfiVkjk [kqy x;k FkkA os dg jgs Fks& csVk jkeizdk'k esjk vPNk nksLrFkk--cgqr Hkyk vkneh Fkk--bfrgkl us mlds lkFk U;k; ugha fd;k---fQj mUgksaus ;g Hkh crkuk 'kq: fd;k fd muds pquko izpkj ds oäiSls ugha Fks rks fdl rjg lk;fdy ls gjnksbZ esa izpkj fd;k Fkk---dSls ,d ckj Fkddj ,d iqfy;k ij foJke fd;k Fkk--dSls xkaookyksa ls ekax dj [kk;k Fkk vkSj dSls thr gkfly gqbZ Fkh---cgjgkybruk lquus ds ckn eSaus nwljh rjQ ls ckck dks Vksd fn;k---ckckvki ukgd ijs'kku gks jgs gSa--njvly chtsih mUgsa mÙkj izns'k dkeq[;ea=kh cukus tk jgh gS vkSj mudh izksQkby fy[kus ds fy, eSausvkidks Qksu fd;k gS---esjk bruk lquus ds ckn ckck gal iM+s--Bgkdsyxkrs mUgsa de gh lquk Fkk--ysfdu ml fnu mUgksaus gYdk Bgkdkyxk;k vkSj Qksu ij gh cksys&csVk eSa rks muds ckjs esa dqN vkSj ghlksp cSBk Fkk-- cgjgky ckck us mudh jktuhfrd ;k=kk] mudsdkedkt] muds 'kklu ds rjhds] muds tula?k ls tqM+us vkfn dksysdj yach&pkSM+h tkudkjh nhA mUgha tkudkfj;ksa ds vk/kkj ij eSausrc jkeizdk'k xqIr dh izksQkby fy[kh FkhA og izksQkby nSfudHkkLdj ds uoacj 1999 ds 'kq#vkrh g¶rksa dh Qkbyksa esa vc Hkhdgha ntZ gksxhA ;gka ;g crk nsuk t:jh gS fd gkFk ls fy[kh mlhizksQkby dks FkksM+k&cgqr lq/kkj dj 'kjn th us okrkZ vkSj Hkk"kk dsvius f'k";ksa dks QSDl dj fn;k Fkk---bl rkdhn ds lkFk fd bldsfy, ikfjJfed fHktok nsukA ml fnu ;w,uvkbZ vkSj ihVhvkbZ usmlh izksQkby ds vk/kkj jkeizdk'k xqIrk dh izksQkby izlkfjr dh
vkSj T;knkrj v[kckjksa us mls gh izdkf'kr fd;k FkkA jkeizdk'kxqIr dh ml izksQkby dh lanHkZ lkexzh ckck ;kuh ;knojko ns'keq[kus nh FkhA
;knojko ns'keq[k ls igyh eqykdkr vDVwcj 1993 esay[kuÅ esa gqbZ FkhA rc os yk Iykl ds ,d ¶ySV esa jgk djrs FksAigyh gh eqykdkr esa muds lgt vkSj ljy O;fäRo us viuk eueksg fy;kA blds ckn xkgs&cxkgs muls eqykdkr gksrh jghA ysfdupsgjs ij mudh eqLdku lnk cuh jghA muds O;fäRo esa dksbZcukoVhiu ugha FkkA lgtrk mudh 'kf[l;r dk lkSan;Z FkhA ;ghotg gS fd muds fy, u;k gks ;k iqjkuk] ,d cjkcj FkkAHkkjrh;rk mudh jx&jx esa FkhA fiNys fnuksa tc ofj"B i=kdkjjkecgknqj jk; dks jkekuankpk;Z lEeku feyk rks xkft;kckn dsesokM+ baLVhVîwV ds lHkkxkj esa ckck Hkh ekStwn FksA eap ls jkecgknqjjk; us ftu nks yksxksa dk uke fy;k Fkk] muesa ls ,d ;knojkons'keq[k dk gh uke FkkA dSalj tSlh ?kkrd chekjh ls os fiNys rhulkyksa ls tw> jgs FksA ysfdu muds psgjs ij ihM+k dk dksbZ va'k ughaFkk vkSj uk gh dksbZ vQlksl---fd ftanxh muds gkFkksa ls jsr dhekfuan fQly jgh gS--vius lgt vankt esa os dg Hkh nsrs Fks fdmUgksaus Hkjiwj ftanxh th gS vkSj mUgsa dksbZ eyky ugha gSa---vxLr2012 esa okRlY; xzke] o`ankou esa Hkkuqizrki 'kqDy dh t;arh eukbZxbZ Fkh rks ogka Hkh ckck gkftj Fks vkSj iwjs dk;ZØe esa ltxekStwnxh ds lkFk cus jgsA
dqN viuh O;Lrrkvksa vkSj fjgk;'k dh nwjh dh otg lsckck ls lkyksa rd eqykdkr ugha gksrh Fkh] ysfdu tc Hkh os feyrsFks] gj ckj ;gh Mj gksrk Fkk fd bl ckj 'kk;n os u igpkusaA fnYyhesa u igpkuuk tSls cM+s yksxksa dh 'kf[l;r dk ,d fgLlk gSAysfdu ckck gj ckj bl vk'kadk dks xyr lkfcr djrs vkSj mlhvkReh;rk ls gkypky iwNrs] tSls 1993 esa igyh eqykdkr esa iwNkFkkA dSalj ls muds xzLr gksus dh [kcj ds ckn muls feyus dhmEehn cka/k j[kh FkhA ysfdu izd`fr vkSj gksuh ds vkxs fdlh dhpyh gS Hkyk--Ng twu dks fofn'kk ls fnYyh ykSV jgk Fkk rks Qslcqdds tfj, ckck ds uk jgus dh [kcj feyh rks 21 lkyksa dk NqViqVkfdarq xgjk ljksdkjh fj'rk ,d&,ddj ;kn vkus yxkA ckck vcvuar esa lek pqds gSa--ysfdu mudk 'kjhj fnYyh ds esfMdy dsNk=kksa dks Hkkoh ftanfx;ka laokjus dh lh[k dk tfj;k curk jgsxkA
ys[kd Vsyhfotu i=kdkj vkSj LraHkdkj gSaA
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106
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
if=dk ppkZleh{kd% Jhdkar flag
ra=krk izkfIr ds i'pkr Hkkjr eas i=k&if=kdkvksa ds fodkl ds
fy;s u;s&u;s volj feyus yxsA mUuhloha 'krkCnh ds
vfUre n'kd esa ;gh fLFkfr bysDVªkfud ehfM;k dks Hkh izkIr gksus
yxhA lwpuk rduhd esa gksus okys u;s&u;s vkfo"dkjksa ls fizUV ,oa
bysDVªkfud ehfM;k dk Lo#i fujUrj vxzlj gksrk x;kA jk"Vªh;
fodkl dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, pSuyksa ij fo'ks"khd`r dk;ZØe izlfjr
gksus yxs rks fizUV ehfM;k esa ,d gh lekpkj i=k esa fofo/k fo"k;ksa ij
dsfUnzr if=kdk;s Hkh izdkf'kr gksus yxh tSls d`f"k] foKku] LokLF;]
m|ksx]O;kikj] lkfgR;] laxBu vkfnA rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ehfM;k dk
vusd n`f"V;ksa ls foLrkj vkSj izHkko c<+rk x;kA mlds cqfu;knh lksp
esa Hkh vusd ifjorZu n`f"Vxr gksus yxsA [kcjksa dks luluh[kst
cukdj izLrqr djuk ,d izdkj ls Hkkjrh; ehfM;k dh igpku fujUrj
udkjkRed gksrh tk jgh gSA bl rF; ij gekjs iwoZ jk"Vªifr Lo- MkW- ,-
ih- ts- dyke us fpUrk Hkh izdV dh FkhA mUgksaus dgk Fkk ^eq>s crk;sa
;gk¡ ehfM;k bruk udkjkRed D;ksa gS\ ge vius Hkkjr esa viuh
[kwfc;ksa vkSj dke;kfc;ksa dks crkus esa >sirs D;ksa gSA ge brus egku
ns'k esa gSaA bruh vk'p;Z pfdr djus okyh gekjh miyfC/k;k¡ gS ij
ge mUgsa udkjrs D;ksa gSaA iz'kklfud vf/kdkfj;ksa dh f[kapkbZ djuk]
iqfyl dh dfe;ksa dks fudkyuk] fdlh nq?kZVuk dh ftEesnkjh ljdkjh
rU=k ij Mkydj mls luluh [kst :i esa is'k djuk D;k ;gh ehfM;k
dk mÙkjnkf;Ro jg x;k gSA 'kk;n bldh cqfu;kn gekjs ijrU=k thou
ls tqM+h gSA* ,sls gh vusdks iz'uksa ij ^lkfgR; ve`r* ds ehfM;k
fo'ks"kkad esa izdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA ^lkfgR; ve`r* chl o"kZ dk gks x;k
gS ;g ehfM;k ,oa lkfgR; txr ds fy;s vR;Ur g"kZ dk fo"k; gSA
bl vad esa ns'k ds [;kfryC/k 67 ehfM;k ,oa lapkj fonksa ds
ehfM;k ds fofHkUu i{kksa ij izdk'k Mkyus okys vkys[k lewps ehfM;k
txr txr ds fy;s vR;Ur gh mi;ksxh gSA if=kdk ds vkjEHk esa tgk¡
x.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ }kjk lEikfnr izrki dh uhfr dh ppkZ gS ogha
lqizfl) fo}ku MkW- d`".k fcgkjh feJ }kjk fgUnh i=kdkfjrk dk
laf{kIr fdUrq xgu bfrgkl dk foospu gSA Lokra=;ksÙkj i=kdkfjrk esa
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Li"V fd;k x;k gS fd pSuyksa esa dk;Zjr U;wt ,adj dh ped ned
lekpkj i=k if=kdkvksa dh nqfu;k ls csgrj gSA bl vad esa bl ckr ij
Hkh tksj fn;k x;k gS fd ehfM;k esa dke djus okys yksx cM+s dfeVsM
,oa lekt ds izfr tkx#d gSaA jke cgknqj jk; dk tgk¡ isM U;wt ij
lkjxfHkZr vkys[k gS ogha iq"is'k iUr }kjk vUrjk"Vªh; ehfM;k dh
pqukSrh ij fo'kn ppkZ dh xbZ gSA i=kdkfjrk dh vf/kdka'k leL;kvksa
ij bl if=kdk esa izdkf'kr vkys[kksa dk ladyu fd;k x;k gSA fo"k;
fo'ks"kKksa }kjk fo"k;ksa dk p;u Hkh dkQh egRoiw.kZ gSA ehfM;k dk
fujUrj cnyrk gqvk psgjk ,oa ehfM;k dh xksf"B;ksa esa ppkZ ds fcUnq
gksrs gS mUgsa Hkh egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k x;k gSA cky i=kdkfjrk] fQYe
i=kdkfjrk] vijk/k] [ksy i=kdkfjrk] vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk dk Lo#i
vfHkO;fDr dh vktknh] foKku i=kdkfjrk vkfn fo"k;ksa dh ppkZ
i=kdkfjrk ds fofo/k vk;ke ,oa vuq'kklu dks js[kakfdr djrh gSA
i=kdkfjrk dh Hkk"kk] dkVwZu dh fo/kk ds lkFk lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk dks
Hkh cM+s gh euksje <ax ls izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA vkt i=kdkfjrk esa
midj.k ds #i esa eksckby dk izpyu cgqr rsth ls c<+ jgk gSA lksly
ehfM;k dk fujUrj izHkko lekt dks viuh rjQ vkdf"kZr djus yxk
gS ,slh fLFkfr esa ^lsYQh 'kkSd ls fMIykseslh rd* uked vkys[k esa bls
dwVuhfr dk v/;k; ekuk x;k gSA
vkt i=kdkfjrk igys tSlh ugha jg xbZ gSA lwpuk
izkS|ksfxdh ds vuqiz;ksx ds ifj.kke Lo#i i=kdkfjrk dk Lo#i
fujUrj cnyrk tk jgk gSA ehfM;k dh fo'oluh;rk ij Hkh iz'ufpUg
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le>kSrk djus yxk gS ftlls mldh lk[k fxjus yxh gS vkfn ckrksa dks
vyx&vyx <ax ls fo}kuks ls vius&vius vkys[k esa izLrqr fd;k gSA
;g fo'ks"kkad ehfM;k ij vk/kkfjr gSA blesa izdkf'kr
lkexzh lelkef;d n`f"Vdks.k dks /;ku esa j[kdj oLrqfLFkfr ds
vuq#i gSA ehfM;k dfeZ;ksa] 'kks/kkfFkZ;ksa] v/;srkvksa] ehfM;k ds
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s ;g vad vR;Ur mi;ksxh ,oa ekxZn'khZ gksus ds
dkj.k laxzg.kh; gSAys[kd ehfM;k foe'kZ ds laiknd gSaA
laxzg.kh; nLrkost gS ^lkfgR; ve`r* dk ehfM;k fo'ks"kkadLo
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ekuo dk fodkl vkSj jk"Vª dh ,dkRerk dh o`f) esa iks"kd gks] og
ge djsaxs vkSj blesa tks ck/kd gks] mls gVk,axsA----- gesa vius jk"Vª
ds fojkV dks tkx`r djus dk dke djuk gSA vius izkphu xkSjo dk
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egRokdka{kk ysdj ge bl dk;Z esa tqV tk,¡A ge Hkkjr dks u rks
fdlh iqjkus le; dh izfrPNk;k cukuk pkgrs gSa vkSj u :l ;k
vesfjdk dh vuqd`frAÞ
mi;qZDr dFku leqPp; gS iz[;kr jk"Vªoknh fpard ia-
nhun;ky mik/;k; th dkA bldh izR;sd iafDr Lo;a izek.k gS fd
D;ksa mUgsa ^Hkkjrh;rk dk lapkjd* dgk tkrk gSA Lons'k ds izfr
vifjfer Lusg] J)k] leiZ.k o xoZ&xkSjo dk HkkoA Jh lat;
f}osnh }kjk laikfnr xzaFk ^Hkkjrh;rk dk lapkjd% ia- nhun;ky
mik/;k;* mUgsa lexzrk esa ns[kus dh ps"Vk gSA cgqvk;keh ,oa
vlk/kkj.k izfrHkk ds /kuh ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; dks flQZ fcanqvksa
esa gh lesVus dk iz;kl fd;k tk,] rc Hkh dbZ iafDr;k¡ de iM+saxhA
nyh; n`f"V ls mudk ifjp; la?k izpkjd ds :i esa ns nsuk] muds
foLrkj dks vR;ar vYi dj nsrk gSA ekuooknh] ,dkReoknh bl
egku O;fDrRo dk lh/kk&lPpk ifjp; gSA ,d ,sls jk"VªHkDr dk
tks nyh; gncUnh ls Åij mBdj] gj gky esa vius jk"Vª dk fgr
pkgrk gSA mldk eUrO; vkSj xUrO; flQZ vkSj flQZ jk"Vª gS]
cfYd og rks O;fDr] ifjokj] lekt] jk"Vª dk fparu djrs gq,
fo'o /kjkry ij tk igq¡prk gSA olq/kSo dqVqEcde~A ekuo ek=k dk
dY;k.k gksA ;gh rks gS mudk vn~Hkqr ,dkRe ekuookn(
ru&eu&cqf)&vkRek ds leUo; ls cus euq"; esa varr% ,dkRerk
gSA Hksn ckgj dk gS] Hkhrj dk ughaA lc ,d gSaA Hkkjrh;rk ls tk,]
rks la?k"kZ dSlk\ mik/;k; th nwjnz"Vk Fks] LoIu Hkh ns[krs FksA Hkkjr
iq"V cus] ij dSls\ Lora=krk rks fey xbZ] fdarq vc ns'k D;k djs\
fdl fn'kk esa tk,\ dSls tk,\ uhfr D;k gks\ bl vksj lkspk vkSj
fd;k tk jgk Fkk] ij blls iafMr th larq"V ugha FksA mudk fparu
jk"Vª izsfjr FkkA ns'k izxfr&iFk ij c<+s] vk/kkj ^Lo* dk gksA fons'kh
uhfr;ksa dk va/kkuqdj.k mUgsa lkyrk FkkA Qyr% mudh vFkZuhfr]
lektuhfr] jktuhfr vkSj reke uhfr;ksa dk mRl ns'k gh cukA BsB
Hkkjrh;A vaxzstksa ds tkus ds ckn vaxzsft;r vFkok ik'pkR; ls
vikj Lusg j[kus okys Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy, uthj gSa iafMr nhun;ky
mik/;k;] ftuesa vius ns'k ds izfr vVwV J)k Hkko gS] leiZ.k gS]
fo'okl gSA muesa iz'u Hkh gSa fd tc Hkkjrh; laLd`fr bruh mnkÙk]
izcy vkSj Å¡pkbZ fy, gq, gS] rc mldh mis{kk D;ksa\ viuh
ijaijkvksa esa tks Js"B O;kIr gS] mldk vuqdj.k D;ksa ugha\ blh
psruk ds lkFk mHkjk fparu mUgsa Hkkjrh;rk dk izcy lapkjd
?kksf"kr djrk gSA
ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; dh igpku ys[kd] i=kdkj]
laxBd] iz[kj oDrk ds lkFk vPNs Jksrk o ikBd dh Hkh jgh gSA
lR; dk izseh] 'kqfprk dk vkxzghA deZB] fu"Bkoku] fu"i{k]
lkQ&lqFkjk] mnkj O;fDrRoA ikaptU;] Lons'k] jk"Vª/keZ esa mudh
i=kdkfjrk dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ;gk¡ ewY; gSa] nqjkxzg ;k iwokZxzg
ughaA muds fy, jktuhfr lÙkk dk lk/ku ugha jghA mudk vkjk/;
rks ekuo Fkk] ftl Hkh ek/;e ls mldk dY;k.k l/k tk,A ;gh
otg gS fd muds /kqj fojks/kh ny ds O;fDr Hkh mudk yksgk vo';
ekurs FksA mUgsa lgt lEeku nsus okyksa esa MkW- jkeeuksgj yksfg;k
'kkfey Fks] rks dkaxzslh fnXxt MkW- laiw.kkZuan Hkh] ftUgksaus ia-
nhun;ky dh iqLrd ^ikWfyfVdy Mk;jh* dh Hkwfedk lg"kZ fy[kh
FkhA
,sls egku O;fDrRo dks gekjh ubZ ih<+h fdruk tkurh
gS\ dbZ [;kfruke ys[kdksa] fopkjdksa] egkuqHkkoksa ds ys[kksa dk
lap;u ^Hkkjrh;rk dk lapkjd ia- nhun;ky mik/;k;* muds
Hkkjrh;rk ds fy, lathouh gS ;g iqLrd^^g
iqLrd %
laiknd%
izdk'kd%
ewY;%
Hkkjrh;rk dk lapkjd
ia- nhun;ky mik/;k;
lat; f}osnh
foTMe ifCyds'ku]
lh& 14] Mh,lvkbZMhlh odZ lsaVj
f>yfey dkyksuh] 'kkgnjk]
fnYyh& 110095
#i;s& 500@&] i`"B& 324
108
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015
O;fDrRo& d`frRo ij izLrqr ,dkxz gSA fu%lansg ;g ifjp;kRed
miØe cgqmi;ksxh gSA ;gk¡ mu ij dsfUnzr leLr lkefxz;ksa dks
lqO;ofLFkr rjhds ls ik¡p Hkkxksa esa foHkDr fd;k x;k gSA Jh lat;
f}osnh ds lkjxfHkZr laikndh; ls izkjaHk gq, xzaFk esa izFke LFkku
^fopkj n'kZu* dks fn;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ ys[kdksa us iafMr th ds fopkjksa
o n'kZu ij izdk'k Mkyk gSA f}rh; [kaM esa lekfgr ys[k muds
^Hkkjrh; lapkjd* :i dh O;k[;k djrs gSaA ^nLrkost* [kaM esa MkW-
laiw.kkZuan dks i<+uk rks jkspd gksxk gh] lkFk gh mlesa ek-l-
xksyoydj] ukukth ns'keq[k ,oa Lo;a ia- nhun;ky }kjk fy[ks x;s
ys[k Hkh ;Fkkor izdkf'kr gSaA ^O;k[;ku* [kaM ia- nhun;ky
mik/;k; ds O;k[;kuksa dk ladyu gS] ftuds ek/;e ls mudh
O;fDrxr /kkj.kkvksa] fparu /kkjkvksa dks izR;{kr% le>k tk ldrk
gSA ^jk"Vªokn dh lE;d vo/kkj.kk*] ^,dkRe ekuookn*] ^O;f"V]
lef"V&ijesf"V* muds O;kid jk"Vªoknh n`f"Vdks.k dh vfHkO;fDr
gSaA ^;qxkuqdwy vFkZ jpuk* esa mudk lqfopkfjr vFkZosÙkk Lo:i
>kadrk gSA ikBd bl xzaFk ds okrk;u ls iafMr th dk
vkdyu&fo'ys"k.k dj ldrs gSa] mUgsa tku&le> ldrs gSaA ckotwn
blds] ;fn muds fo"k; esa vkSj T;knk dh ftKklk gks rks vafre [kaM
esa lgstk x;k ^nhun;ky lkfgR;% lanHkZ* Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
blesa bu ij dsfUnzr izdkf'kr&vizdkf'kr lkfgR; dk foLrkjiwoZd
C;kSjk ns fn;k x;k gSA
vafre ckr ;g gS fd ;g ,dkxz fu%lansg iBuh; gS]
ikBdksa ls bl vis{kk ds lkFk fd os fdlh [kkl jax dk p'ek
igudj] iwokZxzg ikydj b/kj n`f"Vikr u djsaA dqN O;fDrRo bu
lcls ijs gksrs gSa] mUgsa jk"Vª vkSj fo'o ds lanHkZ o ifjizs{; esa j[kdj
ns[kuk pkfg,A ;fn vkiesa ^,dkRe&Hkko* gS rks mUgsa ;gk¡ i<+uk]
le>uk vkSj lquuk #fpdj gksxkA ca/kqRo] Lusg] lgvfLrRo dh
Hkkouk ds lkFk mudk vkdyu djsaA vki muds dk;y gq, fcuk u
jgsaxsA fQj] Lora=krk ds dqN gh cjlksa esa iafMr th ds euksefLr"d
eas tks fpark,¡ O;kIr Fkha] os frjksfgr dgk¡ gqbZ gSa\ ns'k fodkl'khy gS]
pqukSfr;k¡ vikj gSaA vkarfjd Hkh] ckg~; HkhA ,sls esa muds }kjk
O;Dr fopkj] ftleas O;kogkfjdrk gS] rkfdZdrk gS vkSj gS lPpk
fnXn'kZu Hkh] rc mUgsa D;ksa u viuk;k tk,\ mu rd igq¡puk
vrhr dh ;k=kk ek=k ugha gS] muls lw=k ysdj Hkfo"; dk etcwr
rkuk&ckuk cquuk Hkh gSA ,d lnh iwoZ ds gksdj Hkh muds fparu esa
i;kZIr vk/kqfudrk gSA os dkykrhr ugha] vkt Hkh mudk egRo
lkoZHkkSfed gS] lkoZdkfyd gSA vLrq] c/kkbZ ds ik=k gSa laiknd Jh
lat; f}osnh] ftUgksaus cM+s ifjJe ls ;g d`fr rS;kj dh gSA ewY;ksa ls
pwd jgs gj /kM+s ds fy,] gkaQ jgh Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ds fy, fuf'pr
gh ;g fdrkc lathouh gS] nhif'k[kk gSA
tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015foe'kZehfM;k
109
yksdpsruk dk jk"Vªh; ekfld
laiknd % fd'ku dkyt;h
,d vad% okf"kZd lnL;rk%
laidZ%
bZ&esy%
25 #- 300 #i;s
14&ch] lw;kZ vikVZesaV] [kljk uacj& 476]'kkyhekj iSysl ds ikl] Lo:i uxj jksM]cqjkMh] fnYyh& 110084
lcyksx
vk;kstufjiksVZ% jktsUnz flag
cLrh 23 vxLrA LFkkuh; ,-ih-,u-ih-th- dkyst esa vkpk;Z jkepUnz
'kqDy ifj"kn }kjk rqylh t;Urh dk dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA
dk;ZØe dk lapkyu djrs gq, MkW- jktsUnz flag us loZizFke ifj"kn ds
v/;{k Mk- vfuy ekS;Z dks xksLokeh rqylhnkl dh izfrek ij
ekY;iZ.k ds fy, vkeaf=kr fd;k ,oa eq[; oDrk f'kf'kj f}osnh dks ek¡
ljLorh ,oa ifj"kn~ ds ofj"B lnL; MkW- jke tue flag dks xksLokeh
dh izfrek ij ekY;iZ.k ds fy, vkeaf=kr fd;kA ifj"kn~ ds ofj"B
lnL; Mk- jke tue flag us Hkh ekY;kiZ.k dj dk;ZØe dk izkjEHk
fd;kA dk;ZØe dks vkxs c<+krs gq, lapkyd jktsUnz flag us ^orZeku
ifjos'k esa xksLokeh rqylhnkl dh izklafxdrk* ij ppkZ djrs gq,
f'kf'kj f}osnh dks fo"k; izorZu ds fy, vkeaf=kr fd;kA
dk;ZØe esa fo"k; izorZu djrs gq, f'kf'kj f}osnh us dgk fd
lqizfl) fpUrd lquhfr dqekj pVthZ us rqylhnkl ls lEc) ,d ys[k
esa fy[kk Fkk fd ^16oha 'krh esa rhu egku foHkwfr iSnk gqbZ] lezkV
vdcj] egkjk.kk izrki vkSj rqylhnklA vkt pkj lkS o"kksZa ckn
lezkV vdcj bfrgkl esa fleV dj jg x;s gSa] egkjk.kk izrki
ns'kHkfDr dk ikB i<+kus esa ;kn fd, tkrs gSaA fdUrq rhljk O;fDr tks
u dgha dk jktk Fkk] u egkjktk ;k lezkV Fkk & og yxkrkj viuh
izklafxdrk cuk;s gq;s vkt Hkh lokZf/kd yksdfiz; vkSj ?kj&?kj esa ;kn
fd;k tkrk gSA
Mk- jketue flag us xksLokeh th dh ppkZ djrs gq, dgk fd
rqylhnkl dk fpUru yksd eaxy rFkk lkekftd folaxfr;ksa ds fo#)
gh rqylhnkl jfpr jkepfjr ekul vUurdky rd izklafxd jgsxhA
MkW- jktu JhokLro us jkepfjr ekul dks vUrjk"Vªh; Lrj ij izHkkoh
rFkk bldh egÙkk ij ppkZ dhA
dk;ZØe esa ;qod dkaxzsl ds ftyk/;{k vadqj oekZ us
fp=kdwV esa rqylhnkl ls tqM+h viuh dqN Le`fr;ksa dh ppkZ dh vksj
dgk v;ks/;k ds jke dks Hkxoku jke ds :i esa vke tuekul esa
izLrqr djus dk vrqyuh; dk;Z xksLokeh th us fd;k gSA dk;ZØe esa
v/;{kh; mn~cks/ku djrs MkW- vfuy ekS;Z us lHkh mifLFkfr lnL;ksa ,oa
vfrfFk;ksa dk vkHkkj O;Dr fd;kA dk;ZØe esa xksj[k izlkn ;kno]
ioulqr vks>k] vo/ks'k feJ ^ckck*] vrqy jko] jtuh'k vxzgfj]
j?kqjkt JhokLro] lfpu 'kqDyk] gfj ukjk;.k mik/;k;] dkS'kysUnz
flag] iznhi ;kno vkfn mifLFkr jgsA
yksd eaxy ds lk/kd Fks xksLokeh rqylhnkl
110
foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015