Media Vimarsh

ehfM;k izksQs'kuyksa ds vkRefparu vkSj vkReeaFku dk izdYi

o"kZ&9] vad&36] tqykbZ&flrEcj] 2015

ISSN 2249-0590

01L=kh 'kfDr fo'ks"kkad

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015foe'kZehfM;k

bl vad esa---

ekun lykgdkj laikndfo’oukFk lpnso] ijekRekukFk f}osnh

laikndJhdkar flag

428&jksfgr uxj] Qst&1] Hkksiky&462039 ¼eiz½eksckby % 09893598888

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lg;ksx jkf'k;g vad % 50

okf"kZd % 200] ¼O;fDrxr½ % 400 ¼laLFkkxr½j

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euhvkMZj] Mªk¶V ;k psd ds uke ls gh HkstsaAckgj ds psd esa 40 #i;s vfrfjDr tksM+saA

ehfM;k foe'kZ&Hkksiky

eqnzd ,oa izdk’kd Hkwfedk f}osnh }kjk fiz;adk vkWQlsV] 25 ,& izsldkEiysDl] ,e-ih- uxj] Hkksiky ls eqfnzr djkdj ,e-vkbZ-th-& 37]gkmflax cksMZ dkyksuh] dpuk] jk;iqj ¼NÙkhlx<+½ ls izdkf’krA

laiknd % Jhdkar flag

izca/k laiknd

izHkkr feJ] 'khrykuan frokjh] f'kf'kj f}osnh

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doj istf'kYik vxzoky

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Cover Story

flus&foe'kZ

jkds'k mik/;k; 85

tUe fnol

lat; f}osnh 83Le`fr 'ks"k

osn izrki oSfnd 104mes'k prqoZsnh 105

1- lq/khj fo|kFkhZ 15

2- vadqj fot;oxhZ; 19

3- 'ksQkyh prqoZsnh 21

4- lh-t;'kadj ckcw 23

5- royhu flag 25

1. Puja Mishra 782. Mamta Ojha 80

1- eaxyk vuqtk 34

2- ofrZdk uank 37

3- fouhr mRiy 41

4- lat; f}osnh 45

5- lfork flag 49

6- lqHknzk jkBkSj 57

7- lat; dqekj 62

8- ;'kfLouh ikaMs 67

9- Le`fr vkfnR; 72

10- vkfnR; dqekj feJk 74

1- _rs'k pkS/kjh 272- fouhr mRiy 31

lk{kkRdkj

izlaxo'k

r#.k fot; 90

laikndh;

Hkk"kk dh Hkh gS ,d jktuhfrvkb, ryk'ksa fganh dh fodkl ck/kk

02

foe'kZehfM;ktqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

c tcfd Hkksiky esa fo'o fganh lEesyu flracj eghus esa gksus tk jgk rks ,d ckj

;g fopkj t:j gksuk pkfg, fd vkf[kj fganh ds fodkl dh leL;k,a D;k gSa\ os

dkSu ls yksx vkSj rRo gSa tks fganh dh fodkl ck/kk gSa\ lgh ek;uksa esa fganh ds

eku&vieku dk ladV jktuhfrd T;knk gSA ge fiNys lkr n'kdksa esa u rks fganh lekt

cuk lds u gh viuh Hkk"kk] ekVh vkSj laLd`fr dks izse djus okyk Hkko yksxksa ds eu esa

txk lds gSaA xqykeh esa feys] vaxzsft;r esa fyiVs ewY; vkt Hkh gekjs fy, vkd"kZd gSa

vkSj vkRerRo dh ukle>h gesa fujarj viuh gh tM+ksa ls nwj djrh tk jgh gSA ;wjksfi;u

fopkjksa ls izHkkfor gekjk lewpk lkoZtfud thou bldh felky gS vkSj ge blls fpids

jgus dh foo'krk ls Hkh f?kjs gSaA bruk vkRenSU; ;qä lekt 'kk;n nqfu;k dh fdlh

/kjrh ij fuokl djrk gksA bl vfu"V dks tkuus ds ckn Hkh ge bl pØ esa cus jguk

pkgrs gSaA

fganh vkt euksjatu vkSj oksV ekaxus Hkj dh Hkk"kk cudj jg x;h gS rks blds

dkj.k rks ge yksx gh gSaA ftl rjg dh QwgM+ dkesMh Vhoh ij n`';eku gksrh gS D;k ;gh

fganh dh 'kfä gS\ fganh ekul dks Hkz"V djus ds fy, Vhoh vkSj lewps ehfM;k {ks=k dk

;ksxnku de ugha gSA vkt fganh dh igpku mldh vdknfed miyfC/k;ksa ds fy, dgka

cu ik jgh gS\ mPp f'k{kk dk iwjk fØ;k&O;kikj vaxzsth ds lgkjs gh iy vkSj py jgk gSA

izkbZejh f'k{kk ls rks fganh dks iz;kliwoZd fuokZlu ns gh fn;k x;k gSA vkt fganh flQZ

etcwj vkSj xjhc lekt dh Hkk"kk cudj jg x;h gSA fganh dk jktuhfrd /ksjk vkSj

izHkko rks cuk gS] fdarq og pqukoh thrus rd gh gSA fganh {ks=k esa vaxzsth Ldwy ftl rsth

ls [kqy jgs gSa vkSj bafXy'k Lihfdax fl[kkus ds dksfpax ftl rjg iuis gSa og gekjs

vkRenSU; dk gh izdVhdj.k gSaA reke oSKkfud 'kks/k ;g crkrs gSa ekr`Hkk"kk esa f'k{kk gh

mi;ksxh gS] ij iwjh Ldwyh f'k{kk dks vaxzsth ij vk/kkfjr cukdj ge cPpksa dh ekSfyd

psruk dks u"V djus ij vkeknk gSaA

fganh Js"Bre Hkk"kk gS] gesa Js"Bre dks gh Lohdkj djuk pkfg,A ysfdu ge

viuh lksp] j.kuhfr vkSj VsDukykth esa fiNM+siu ds pyrs ekr [kk jgs gSaA ,sls esa viuh

detksfj;ksa dks igpkuuk vkSj 'kfä dk lgh vkdyu cgqr t:jh gSA vkt Hkkjr esa

fu'p; gh laidZ Hkk"kk ds :i esa fganh ,d Lohdk;Z Hkk"kk cu pqdh gS fdarq

jktuhfrd&iz'kklfud Lrj ij mldh mis{kk dk nkSj tkjh gSA cktkj Hkk"kk ds vuqlkj

cny jgk gSA ,d cM+h Hkk"kk gksus ds ukrs vxj ge bldh jktuhfrd 'kfä dks ,dtqV

djsa] rks ;g egRoiw.kZ gks ldrk gSA cktkj dks Hkh gekjs vuqlkj cnyuk vkSj <yuk

gksxkA fganh dh 'kfä dks cktkj vkSj euksjatu dh nqfu;k esa dke djus okyh 'kfä;ksa us

igpkuk gSA vkt fganh Hkkjr esa cktkj vkSj euksjatu dh lcls cM+h Hkk"kk gSA fdarq gekjs

vnqfu;k dh reke laLd`fr;ka

viuh tM+ksa dks ryk'k dj muds

ikl ykSV jgh gSaA reke lekt

vius gksus vkSj egRoiw.kZ gksus ds

fy, u;k 'kks/k djrs gq,] viuh

laLd`fr dk iquikZB dj jgs gSaA

,d ckj Hkkjr dk Hkh Hkkjr ls

ifjp; djkus dh t:jr gSA

mls mlds rRo vkSj lRo ls

ifjfpr djkus dh t:jr gSA

;gh Hkkjr ifjp; gesa Hkk"kk dh

jktuhfr ls cpk,xk] gekjh

igpku dh vfuok;Zrk dks Hkh

lkfcr djsxkA

jktuhfrd vkSj iz'kklfud rat ij NkbZ mifuos'koknh Nk;k

vkSj vaxzsft;r us gesa dgha dk ugha NksM+k gSA ns'k dk lkjk

jktuhfrd&iz'kklfud vkSj U;kf;d foe'kZ ,d fons'kh Hkk"kk

dk eksgrkt gSA gekjh cM+h vnkyrsa Hkh cspkjs vke fganqLrkuh

dks U;k; vaxzsth esa miyC/k djkrh gSaA bl lewps ra=k ds

f[kykQ [kM+s gksus vkSj cksyus dk lkgl gekjh jktuhfr esa ugha

gSA vktknh ds bu o"kksaZ esa gj jax vkSj gj >aMs us bl ns'k ij

jkt dj fy;k gS] fdarq fganh ogha dh ogha gSA fganh ds fy,

thus&ejus dh dlesa [kkus ds ckn lkjk dqN ogha Bgj tkrk gSA

jk"Vªfirk egkRek xka/kh vxj vktknh ds ckn dgrs gSa fd yksxksa

ls dg nks xka/kh vaxzsth Hkwy x;k gS rks blds cgqr lkgfld

vFkZ vkSj ladYi gSaA bl ladYi ls gekjh jktuhfr vius dks

tksM+us esa foQy ikrh gSA

Hkk"kk ds loky ij jktuhfrd ladYi ds vHkko us

fganh lfgr lHkh Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dks ix&ix ij viekfur

fd;k gSA fganh vkSj Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds lEeku dh txg

vaxzsth us ys yh gS] tks bl ns'k dh Hkk"kk ugha gSA vaxzsth

mifuos'kokn ds f[kykQ gekjh yM+kbZ D;k flQZ 'kkld cnyus

dh Fkh\ tkfgj rkSj ij ugha] ;g yM+kbZ ns'k vkSj mlds yksxksa

dks U;k; fnykus dh tax FkhA Lojkt ykus dh tax FkhA ;g ns'k

viuh Hkk"kkvksa es cksys] lksps] xk,] fopkj djs vkSj tax yM+s]

;gh liuk FkkA blfy, xqtjkr ds xka/kh ls ysdj nf{k.k ds

jktxksikykpkjh fganh ds lkFk fn[ksA fdarq vktknh ikrs gh ,slk

D;k gqvk fd gekjh Hkk"kk,a ouokl Hkst nh x;ha vkSj vaxzsth

fQj ls jkuh cu x;hA D;k gekjh Hkk"kk esa lkeF;Z ugha Fkh\

D;k gekjh Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk,a Kku&foKku ds fofo/k vuq'kkluksa

dks O;ä djus esa leFkZ ugha gSa\ gekjs ikl rfey tSlh iqjkuh

Hkk"kk gS] fganh tSlh O;kid Hkk"kk gS rks ckaXyk vkSj ejkBh tSlh

le`) Hkk"kkvksa dk lalkj gSA ysfdu 'kk;n vkRexkSjo u gksus

ds dkj.k ge viuh 'kfä dks de djds vkadrs gSaA

viuh Hkk"kk] viuh laLd`fr] viuh thou'kSyh vkSj

ewY;ksa dks nhurk ls ns[kuk vkSj mlds ysdj u xkSjocks/k] u

lEekucks/kA viuh ekVh dh phtsa gesa derj fn[krh gSaA Hkk"kk

Hkh mlh dk f'kdkj gSA ,sls esa tc dksbZ Hkh lekt vkRenSU;

dk f'kdkj gksrk gS rks og ,d n;uh; lekt curk gSA og

lekt viuh Nk;k ls Mjrk gSA mldk vkRefo'okl de gksrk

tkrk gS vkSj og viuh lQyrkvksa dks Hkh nwljksa dh Lohd`fr

ls gh Lohdkj dj ikrk gSA ;g Hkkjrcks/k c<+kus vkSj crkus dh

t:jr gSA Hkkjrcks/k vkSj HkkjrxkSjo u gksxk rks gesa gekjh

Hkk"kk vkSj Hkwfe nksuksa ls nwj tkuk gksxkA ge bl tehu ij

gksdj Hkh bl ekVh ds ugha gksxsaA

nqfu;k dh reke laLd`fr;ka viuh tM+ksa dks ryk'k

dj muds ikl ykSV jgh gSaA reke lekt vius gksus vkSj

egRoiw.kZ gksus ds fy, u;k 'kks/k djrs gq,] viuh laLd`fr dk

iquikZB dj jgs gSaA ,d ckj Hkkjr dk Hkh Hkkjr ls ifjp;

djkus dh t:jr gSA mls mlds rRo vkSj lRo ls ifjfpr

djkus dh t:jr gSA ;gh Hkkjr ifjp; gesa Hkk"kk dh jktuhfr

ls cpk,xk] gekjh igpku dh vfuok;Zrk dks Hkh lkfcr

djsxkA

êhfM;k foe'kZ* dk ;g vad ehfM;k esa L=kh dh 'kfä

ij dsafnzr gSA bu rkdroj] fo}ku] [kwclwjr vkSj izca/ku ds

Kku ds ycjst fL=k;ksa us U;wt :e dk psgjk&eksgjk cny fn;k

gSA if=kdk dk ;g vad blh cnyko dks js[kkafdr djus dk

iz;kl gSA bl dksf'k'k esa dqN ukeoj ehfM;k gfLr;ksa ds

lk{kkRdkj] mudh izksQkby ds lkFk&lkFk fo'ys"k.kkRed ys[k

Hkh gSaA ckotwn blds ge ;g nkok ugha dj ldrs fd ;g

ehfM;k esa ekStwn L=kh 'kfä dk lexz ewY;kadu gSA lgh ek;us

esa ;g fogaxkoyksdu gh gSA ftlls ,d >yd feyrh gS fd

fdl rjg Hkkjrh; L=kh us ehfM;k dh dfBu nqfu;k esa ,d cM+h

txg cukbZ gSA os fujarj csgrj djrs gq, vkxs c<+ jgh gSaA ;g

ifjorZu lekt thou ds lHkh {ks=kksa esa ?kfVr gks jgs gSa] ,d

ehfM;k dsafnzr if=kdk gksus ds ukrs vius ifjos'k esa gks jgh bl

?kVuk dks js[kkafdr djus dh geus dksf'k'k dh gSA mEehn gS fd

vkidks ;g iz;kl ilan vk,xkA vkidh izfrfØ;kvksa dk

cslczh ls jgsxk bartkjA

lq/kh ikBdksa dks Lora=krk fnol] j{kkca/ku vkSj

tUek"Veh dh 'kqHkdkeuk,aA

ehfM;k esa L=kh 'kfä dk vorj.k%

¼lat; f}osnh½

bZ&esy%[email protected]

foe'kZehfM;k

03

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

feyh vkidh ikrh8 fganh v[kckjksa dh nqnZ'kk dk lVhd fp=k.k

vkt ewY;ghurk ds bl nkSj esa ehfM;k foe'kZ 2020 lqe/kqj >kssads dh rjg ru&eu esa LQwfrZ dk vfHkuo lapkj djrk gSA oSls rks

ehfM;k foe'kZ dk gj vad lEiw.kZ ehfM;k txr dk ekxZn'kZu djrk izrhr gksrk gSA fdUrq izLrqr vad esa fo}ku ys[kdksa }kjk

ftl m|ke vk'kkokfnrk dk ifjp; fn;k x;k gS og okLro esa LrqR; gSA Jh dey nhf{kr th us bl dky[k.M dks vkRefparu]

vkRe eaFku ds uke ls vfHkfgr fd;k gSA laikndh; esa fo}ku laiknd us fgUnh v[kckjksa dh nqnZ'kk dk lVhd fp=k.k mdsjk gSA

vkt fgUnh ds v[kckj i<+s ugha tk jgs gSa] cfYd iyVs tk jgs gSaA fgUnh ds v[kckjksa esa xaHkhj fo"k;ksa ds foe'kZ dk VksVk iM+rk tk

jgk gSA laiknd us bl lgt lPpkbZ dh vksj b'kkjk fd;k gSA vad esa vU; euhf"k;ksa }kjk orZeku dk vkdyu djrs gq, Hkfo";

dh laHkkouk dks x<+k x;k gS vkSj ehfM;k txr dh orZeku ,oa Hkkoh laHkkfor pqukSfr;ksa ls ikBd dks :c: djk;k x;k gSA vad

esa Jh v'kksd oktis;h ,oa Jh osn izrki oSfnd dk csckd vuq'khyu izHkkoksRiknd jgkA

vkt dh i=kdkfjrk dh ^csg;k;h* dks Hkh osn izrki oSfnd th us iwjh rjg ls m/kkM+ dj j[k fn;k gSA ehfM;k dh csg;k uaxbZ dh vksj lat;

f}osnh viuh laikfnr iqLrd ^HkweaMyhdj.k] ehfM;k vkSj lekt* esa b'kkjk dj pqds gSaA dqy feykdj vad iBuh; ,oa laxzg.kh; gSA izLrqr vad esa Jh

v"VHkqtk 'kqDy th dk ;k=kk o`Ùkkar i<+kA ;k=kk o`Ùkkar ds izFke nks i`"B Jh 'kqDy th dqN lQkbZ ls nsrs yxsA tSls fd fons'kh ;k=kk gsrq mudk p;u dksbZ

vijk/k gks x;k gS vkSj 'kqDy th iafDr nj iafDr] 'kCn&nj&'kCn vius vkidks funksZ"k lkfcr djus esa yxs gksaA tSls fd lewpk fgUnh lalkj Jh 'kqDy th

dks dB?kjs esa [kM+k fd, gS vkSj Jh 'kqDy th ;su&dsu izdkjs.k viuh funksZf"krk lkfcr djus dk vlQy iz;kl dj jgs gkasA ckr dqN le> esa ugha vkbZA

fgUnh ds izfrfuf/kRo tSls iz'u ij ftl ij fdlh Hkh LokfHkekuh O;fDr dks xoZ gksuk pkfg,] ;g n;uh; eqnzk D;ska\ D;k ;g fgUnh ys[kdksa dh

var'psruk esa fNih gqbZ ghu Hkkouk rks ugha\

Vision

& f'ko'kadj feJ] rqjdfg;k] cLrh ¼m-iz-½

8 fopkjksÙkstd cgl

dh 'kq#vkr

& Hkkjr Hkkj}kt134&,] Åuk ,UDyso] e;wj

fogkj] Qst& 1]fnYyh& 110091

;g fo'ks"kkad bl n`f"V ls

egRoiw.kZ gS fd blus Hkkjrh;

ehfM;k ds rsth ls cnyrs Lo#i

vkSj mldh pqukSfr;ksa ds ckjs esa ,d

fopkjksÙkstd cgl dh 'kq#vkr dh

gSA ;fn bl fo'ks"kkad esa dqN vkSj

ehfM;k fo'ys"kdksa ls vkxzg djds

fy[kok;k tkrk rks bldh lkFkZdrk

vkSj c<+ tkrhA cgjgky] tks gS de

ugha gSA blds fy, vki gekjh

gkfnZd c/kkbZ ysaA

'kqHkdkeukvksa ds lkFk]

04


8 ehfM;k ij lkFkZd ,oa xq.kkRed fdrkcksa dk u gksuk nks"k fdldk\

lkfgR; dks Hkh nsa egRo& MkW- :ipan xkSre] 228@9] eaMksyh] fnYyh& 93

& fot; dqekj izoklh] ukyklksikjk ¼bZLV½] eqEcbZ ¼egkjk"Vª½

8

dkQh le; ds ckn ehfM;k foe'kZ dk twu] 2015 dk vad feykA vad ds lkFk lat; f}osnh th

ds I;kj dh vuqHkwfr ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA iwjs vad esa Hkkjrh; ehfM;k fotu 2020 ij NksVs&cM+s ys[kdksa dh

Lora=k vfHkO;fDr ds :i esa if=kdk dks laokjk x;k gSA lpeqp esa laiknd egksn; c/kkbZ ds ik=k gSaA ;gh

vfHkO;fDr ehfM;k foe'kZ ds ikBdksa ds ekxZn'kZu dh Hkwfedk fuHkk;sxhA vktknh ds 68 lky ckn Hkh

ofrZdk uank ehfM;k ij lkFkZd o xq.kkRed fdrkcksa dk vHkko crk jgh gSaA fdrkc fy[kus okys] ikB~;Øe

cukus okys] i=k&if=kdkvksa ds fy, fjiksfVZax ls ysdj laiknu rd lHkh dk;Z djus okys ,d fo'ks"k oxZ ds

yksx gaSA Vhoh pSuyksa ij Hkh ,d fo'ks"k oxZ ds yksxksa }kjk cgl gksrh gSA ;kuh lewpk ckSf)d oxZ ,d

fo'ks"k tkfr ls cuk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ehfM;k ij lkFkZd ,oa xq.kkRed fdrkcksa dk u gksuk nks"k fdldk\

tks yksx i=k&if=kdkvksa esa cM+s&cM+s ys[k fy[krs gSaA Vh-oh- pSuyksa ij yEch&yEch ckrsa djrs gSaA muds fy,

;g cM+s 'keZ dh ckr gSA laiknd egksn; ofrZdk uank dh ckr dks xaHkhj :i ls ysaA laHko gks lds rks if=kdk

dk ,d vad ehfM;k ls lEcfU/kr fdrkcksa ij vkuk pkfg,A izdk'k nqcs o nsoozr flag dk vkyss[k cgqr

vPNk yxkA ftruh izla'kk dh tk, mruh gh de gSA

vkidh if=kdk fu'p; gh ehfM;k ds lanHkkZsa ij ns'k dh lcls egRoiw.kZ if=kdk gSA blesa gksus

okyh ppkZ;sa i=kdkj txr ds fy, csgn mi;ksxh gSaA D;k gh vPNk gksrk vxj dqN i`"B lkfgR; vkSj

laLd`fr ds fy, Hkh vkjf{kr fd;s tkrsA lkfgR; dh viuh [kkl vkSj cM+h txg gSA eq[;/kkjk dh ehfM;k

esa lkfgR; dks gkf'k;s ij yxk fn;k x;k gSA ,sls esa ehfM;k foe'kZ Hkh lkfgR; vkSj laLd`fr ls eqag eksM+ ys

rks vk'p;Z gksrk gSA

8 mÙkstuk QSykus dk nks"kh gS ehfM;k

& jk?kosUnz d`".k izrki] jkes'ojiqjh] cLrh ¼m-iz-½

ehfM;k foe'kZ dk fotu 2020 vad ns[kkA doj us vo'; vk'oLr fd;k] ftlesa vkRefo'okl]d#.kkiw.kZrk vkSj l`tu'khyrk ij ;g vad vkSj laiw.kZ ehfM;k dsafnzr gksuk pkfg,] ,slk fn[kkbZ fn;kA ysfdu tci`"B iyVus yxk rc dgha vk'kk] dgha nqjk'kk fn[kus yxhA ehfM;k ds vkRefo'oklh gksus dk vFkZ gS] og tks dqNikBdksa ds lkeus j[k jgk gS] mldk leqfpr lR;kiu fd;k tk pqdk gSA bldk ,d vFkZ ;g Hkh gS fd ehfM;k dsizfr mlds miHkksäkvksa esa fo'okl gksuk pkfg,] ;g ugha fd lwpuk] lekpkj dh rhoz xfr cjdjkj j[kus ds fy,]vkSj izfr}af}rk esa vkxs jgus ds fy,] vlR;kfir vkSj v/kdpjs rF; lkeus ijksl fn;s tk,aA nwljk 'kCn gSd#.kk'khy gksukA d#.kk cgqr O;kid 'kCn gS] bles uSfrdrk] /kkfeZd vkLFkk] drZO; Hkkouk lc dqN fleVvkrk gSA ysfdu d#.kk dk fo:i.k cgqr izdkj ls fd;k tk jgk gSA ckS) vkSj vU; /kekZuq;k;h bldks vius /keksaZdk dsUnz Lohdkj djrs gSaA ysfdu d#.kk&vk/kkfjr /keZkuq;k;h vius }kjk fgalk ugha djuk pkgrs gq, Hkh] nwljs dhfgalk dks izksRlkfgr djrs gSaA vc] ehfM;k/kehZ lkekU;r;k bl ckr dk i{kiks"k.k djrs jgrs gSa fd os tulk/kkj.krd lekpkj ;k lwpuk 'kh?kzkfr'kh?kz igqapkuk pkgrs gSa] ;g mudk uSfrd /keZ gSA ysfdu eqEcbZ geys ds le;

mudk ;g rdZ bruk ew[kZrkiw.kZ gks x;k Fkk fd muds foosd ij rjl vkus yxk Fkk] os Hkwy x, Fks fd rRdky lwpuk izlkfjr djus dh >ksad esa& eaSmls ikxyiu vkSj foosdghurk dgw¡xk& os vkradokfn;ksa dh gh lgk;rk igq¡pk jgs FksA vkt Hkh uDly vkSj ekvksoknh xfrfof/k;ksa ds le; iqfylvkSj lsuk dh xfrfof/k;ksa dks izlkfjr djus eas] os vkradokfn;ksa dh lgk;rk djus ds vijk/kh cu tkrs gSaA

ehfM;k dgha u dgha vkrad QSykus] turk dks vuko';d :i es Hk;Hkhr djus dk dke Hkh djrk gS A vkt dk ehfM;k de ls demÙkstuk QSykus dk nks"kh vkSj vekuoh; rks gS ghA ehfM;k dh laiw.kZ l`tu'khyrk mldh viuh ugha foKku ds uohu vkfo"dkjksa ij vk/kkfjr gSAgk¡] fodflr ns'kksa esa ;g rduhd fdl izdkj mi;ksx dh tkrh gS] dh tk jgh gS] bl ij mldh utj jgrh gS] vkSj jguh Hkh pkfg,A ijarq ;g Hkh;kn j[kuk pkfg,] ;g l`tu'khy gksus ds ctk; dqN vkSj gh gSA vc if=kdk ds dF; ij vkb,A ,d vkys[k esa ehfM;k dk iz'u mBk;k x;k gS]tSls lkjs vkanksyu nwljh phtksa dk ifjizs{; u ns[krs gq,] dsoy vius fgr lk/ku dh nkSM+ eas gSaaA os cM+s ifjisz{; es phtksa dks ns[kuk ugha pkgrsA tcnl gtkj _.k ds fy, dksbZ fdlku vkRegR;k djrk gS] vFkok ,d laiUu fdlku ,d Hkjh lHkk esa Qaklh yxk ysrk gS] rks ;g euksoSKkfud vkSjikfjokfjd leL;kvksa vkSj vius dks fof'k"V cukus dk iz;kl yxrk gS] vFkok ;g Hkh lksp dj fd;k x;k izn'kZu gS fd nwljs yksx rks eq>s cpk ghysaxsA ,d vkSj vkys[k rks miHkksäkvksa }kjk ehfM;k ds Lo:i r; djus ij vk/kkfjr gSA miHkksDrkvksa us lekt dh Hkk"kk rks r; dj gh nh gS vkSjgekjs nwjn'khZ lkfgR;dkjksa us mldks Hkqukuk Hkh izkjaHk dj fn;k gSA

lkfgR; dk mís';] tks lkekU; tu#fp dks ifj"d`r djus dk Fkk] mlls le>kSrk djds] vius dks fcdkÅ cukus dk mís'; viuk fy;kx;k gSA ,sls vifj"d`r lkfgR; lsoh igys Hkh Fks] vkSj vc Hkh v[kckjksa ds <sj ds uhps ;k nqdku ds fiNys fgLls eas] mudh jpuk,a fey tkrh gSaAehfM;k dks lkekU; cuus dk mís'; viukus ds dkj.k] mudh fcØh pkgs ftruh c<+ xbZ gks] tu#fp dks ifj"d`r djus dk vkSj mudks vPNh Hkk"kkfl[kkus dk mís'; NwV x;k gSA vkt ds v[kckjksa dh f[kpM+h Hkk"kk] vaxzsth eqgkojksa ds 'kCn'k% vuqokn djus dh izo`fÙk ij rjl rks vkrk gh gSA ijehfM;kdehZ v[kckj pykus okys /kuifr;ksa ds ukSdj gSa vkSj mudks viuk ifjokj cpkuk gS] lekt eas ,d LVsVl cukuk gS] ;g lksp dj\ blh vades ,d NksVk vkys[k vPNk yxk] mlesa ysf[kdk] xSch fgufLyQ] }kjk ,d Toyar iz'u mBk;k x;k gS% ß;g lekpkj ehfM;k ls layXu yksxksa ds vga]ns'kHkfä vkSj vkSj vkRepsruk ls ,d vihy gSA D;k Hkkjr ,d laiUu lekpkj ehfM;k pkgrk gS] tks ckWyhoqM vkSj fØdsV ds flrkjksa]QS'ku&izn'kZuksa] bysDVªkWfud& vkfo"dkjksa ds u, :iksa vkSj vijk/kksa ls gh izlUu gks tk,\ vFkok Hkkjrh; ehfM;k mlls Åij mBdj mPp Lrjh;]xq.kkRed] xaHkhj lekpkj fjiksfVZax ds dk;Z dks Hkkjrh; thou dh xq.kkRedrk c<+kus vkSj Hkkjrh; ehfM;k dks oSf'od Js"Brk iznku djuss dhpqukSrh Lohdkj djsxk\ ;fn 21oha 'krkCnh ,f'k;k dh 'krkCnh gksuh gS] rks D;k loZJs"B lekpkj ,f'k;k ls ugha vkus pkfg,\Þ

foe'kZehfM;k

05

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

8 nhun;ky th ij Kkuo/kZd lkexzh

& lfPpnkuan feJ] izkpk;Z] ia- egknso 'kqDy d`"kd ih-th-dkWyst] xkSj ¼cLrh½

vkids }kjk izsf"kr if=kdk êhfM;k foe'kZ* izkIr gqbZA iafMr nhun;ky mik/;k; ij lHkh ys[k fopkjksÙkstd ,oa Kkuo)Zd gSaA

iafMr th ds fopkjksa ,oa d`frRo ij fogaxe n`f"V if=kdk ls izkIr gqbZA vkidk ;g iz;kl cgqr lkFkZd ,oa izsj.kknk;h gSA blh izdkj

le;≤ ij vU; mu euhf"k;ksa ij lkexzh nsrs jgsa tks Hkkjrh;rk ,oa Hkkjrh; n'kZu dks vkRelkr djds lekt ds fy, izsj.kk cusA

8 egRoiw.kZ loky mBkrh gS if=kdk

& t;k tknokuh] 14] [kq'kh ,UDyso] ohvkbZih ekuk jksM] iksLV& jfoxzke veyhMhg] jk;iqj& 492006 ¼N-x-½

ehfM;k foe'kZ dk 2020 esjs gkFkksa esa gSA gj vad dh rjg ;g vad Hkh [kkl gSA lat; dk laikndh; dqN

egRoiw.kZ loky mBkrk gSA ;gh ,d mYys[kuh; if=kdk dk dke gS fd ,d ltx izgjh dh rjg lekt dh detksfj;ksa ds

f[kykQ [kM+h jgsA fganh okyksa esa ;g dSlh ghu Hkkouk gS tks bruh leFkZ Hkk"kk ds fo'ks"kK gksrs gq;s Hkh /khjs&/khjs ihNs gVrs gq;s

vaxzsth dh ?kqliSB Lohdkj djrs tk jgs gSaA Hkkjrh; ekufldrk Hkh bl ckr dh nks"kh gS fd ge cPps dh xyr vaxzsth ekQ ugha

djrs vkSj xyr fganh ij xoZ eglwl djrs gSaA D;k ;qokvksa dk leLr Hkfo"; vc vaxzsth ds gkFkksa esa gS\ fganh okys gj ckr esa

Lo;a dks fiNM+k gqvk D;ksa ekurs vkSj eglwl djrs gSa\ fganh v[kckjksa ds Lrj ij Hkh dqN egRoiw.kZ loky mBs gSa] ftldh

Nkuchu ehfM;k dks vius Hkhrj mrjdj djuh pkfg;sA lat; ds m}sfyr djus okys lokyksa ds lkFk &lkFk vU; lkexzh Hkh

fopkj.kh; gSA lqqHknzk jkBkSj dk îzfrjks/k dk 'kkWfdax rjhdk* vkSj v"VHkqtk 'kqDy dh ekjh'kl ;k=kkA vkidks vius fo"k; ds

lkFk cgk ys tkrs gSaA lkexzh esa fofo/krk gSA vkSj lat; vkidks bl lrr iz;kl dh c/kkbZ vkSj 'kqHkdkeuk,aA

vision

8 bUgha ladVksa ls gh fudysxk jkLrk

fnus'k nqcs] i=dkj% nSfud fganqLrku] lqYrkuiqj

êhfM;k foe'kZ* ds xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk fo'ks"kkad dks i<+us

vkSj le>us dk gky esa volj feykA bl vad dks ehfM;k esa vk,

cnyko vkSj mlls uQk&uqdlku dk nLrkost dgk tk ldrk gSA

blds vfrfFk laiknd dey 'kekZ ds bl dFku ls lger gwa fd ^mnwZ

i=kdkfjrk vad ds ckn {ks=kh; Hkk"kk dh dM+h esa fd;k x;k ;g iz;kl

fuf'pr gh ikBdksa dks ilan vk,xkA* blds fy, ehfM;k foe'kZ ds

dk;Zdkjh laiknd lat; f}osnh vkSj mudh Vhe dks c/kkbZA fo'ks"kkad

esa ofj"B vkfFkZd i=kdkj 'kf'kdkar clkuh dh fpark lkS Qhlnh lgh gS fd vkt lekpkj

buLik;MZ gksrs gaSA dkjksckjh vkSj m|ksxifr;ksa ds fgr lk/ku ds ek/;e gSaA ogha fiadh

nyky dh i=kdkfjrk ds fxjrs Lrj fpark tk;t gSA Hkxorh dqekj 'kekZ dgrs gaS fd ubZ

ih<+h esa dke ds izfr leiZ.k vkSj fu"Bk esa deh vkbZ vkSj 'kkVZdV ds jkLrs vkxs c<+uk

pkgrh gSA euh"k esgrk dh ckr lksyg vkus lgh gS fd ftu ehfM;k gkml us ikBdksa dh

ilan dks ugha igpkuk] mlds vfLrRo dks [krjk iSnk gksrk tk jgk gSA fdjhV x.kk=kk dk

dFku dh v[kckjksa ds izlkj Hkys c<+s gaS mlds daVsV DokfyVh esa fxjkoV vkbZ gSA ;g

mudk vdsys dk ,glkl ugha oju muds tSls vkSj yksxksa dk Hkh ,slk gh ,glkl gSA

dkSf'kd esgrk] dkuk okVok] egs'k ifjey] vk'kh"k tks'kh ds lk{kkRdkj esa i=kdkfjrk dh

dekscs'k bUgha fparkvksa dks mdsjk x;k gSA bu foHkwfr;ksa dh fpark,a lkQ rkSj ij bl vksj

ladsr djrh gaS fd vkt lekpkj i=kksa esa laiknd dh lÙkk vkSj mldh egÙkk dk yksi

gqvk gS vkSj gksrk tk jgk gSA ehfM;k gkmlksa dh iSlk dekus dh gol us i=kdkfjrk dks

[kwVh ij Vkax fn;k gSA lekpkj uQk uqdlku dks /;ku esa j[kdj ijksls tk jgs gSaA blh

vad esa ofj"B i=kdkj jke cgknqj jk; dh iqLrd leh{kk ds gokys ls Hkqxrku'kqnk

[kcjksa dk nkSj bl ladV ij dsafnzr gSA [kcjksa dk LFkku foKkiu ys jgs gSaA fuf'pr rkSj

ij i=kdkj vkSj i=kdkfjrk dk orZeku ladV esa gSA ij] esjk Hkjkslk gS fd i=kdkfjrk ds

bl ladV dk var gksxkA bldh 'kq#vkr fdlh u fdlh cgkus gks pqdh gSA ofj"B 'kk;j

c'khj cnz ds 'kCnksa esa&

ge rks nfj;k gS gesa viuk gquj ekywe gS

ftl rjQ Hkh py iM+saxs jkLrk gks tk,xkA

&

06


8 Kkuo/kZd vad

izlkj ij nsa /;ku8

ftl if=kdk ls bruh cM+h la[;k esa cqf)thoh oxZ

dk tqM+ko gks] og if=kdk fuf'pr gh cgqr de le; esa viuk

LFkku cuk ysxhA vkB o"kkZsa esa bldk izR;sd vad laxzg.kh; jgk

gSA if=kdk esa le;≤ ij nh xbZ lkexzh [kkldj xqtjkrh

i=kdkfjrk ij vkids }kjk fudkyk x;k vad cgqr Kkuo/kZd

jgkA fotu 2020 ij dsfUnzr vad us Hkfo"; ds ehfM;k dk

,d ifjn`'; ge lcds lkeus j[kk gSA bl vad esa ;qok ys[kdksa

lk{kh lksuh] iz'kkar flag rksej] vk;q"kh f=kikBh ds fopkj Hkh

ljkguh; jgsA izdk'k nqcs th dk ys[k ,d ubZ n`f"V nsrk gSA

vkidk ;g iz;kl fujarj izxfr djrk gqvk Kku ds {ks=k esa

lEekfur gks ;gh dkeuk gSA

ehfM;k foe'kZ if=kdk dks eSa okjk.klh esa [kjhndj

i<+rk jgkA fdUrq dqN le; ls if=kdk ds cktkj esa n'kZu ugha

gks jgs gSaA ,sls esa esjs tSls ikBd tks bls LVky ls [kjhndj i<+rs

Fks bldh miyC/krk ls oafpr gSaA ehfM;k foe'kZ tSlh Js"B

vkSj xq.koÙkkiw.kZ if=kdkvksa dk vf/kd ls vf/kd izpkj&izlkj

gksuk pkfg,A rkfd blesa izdkf'kr gksus okyh lkexzh vf/kd ls

vf/kd yksxksa dks izkIr gksA if=kdk ds fo'ks"kkadksa us ftl izdkj

dk foe'kZ vkt dh i=kdkfjrk ij fd;k gS og csgn laxzg.kh;

gSA esjs ikl if=kdk ds iqjkus lHkh vad gSaA vkxs bl if=kdk dks

dSls izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS bl ckjs esa tkudkjh nsaxs rks

lqfo/kk jgsxhA

& iznhi dqekj ;kno] izca/kd]Jherh jkeoklh ,twds'kuy ,dsMeh] xkSjk xus'kiqj]

ftyk cLrh ¼m-iz-½

& jk?kosUnz flag] fo|kihB jksM] okjk.klh ¼m-iz-½

foe'kZehfM;k

07

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

8 laxzg.kh; vad

& eerk vks>k] ,lksfl,V izksQslj]Ldwy vkWQ ehfM;k LVMht] tkxj.k ysdflVh ;qfuoflZVh] Hkksiky ¼e-iz-½

ehfM;k foe'kZ dk fotu 2020 vad ,d laxzg.kh; vad gSA gj ys[k us u;k Kku fn;kA pw¡fd lky 2020 esa fMftVy

ehfM;k esa cgqr laHkkouk,¡ gSa& rks bl vad esa fMftVy ehfM;k lacf/kr dkQh tkudkjh gSA lat; f}osnh th dk laikndh;

^ckSf)d foe'kksZa ls ukrk rksM+ pqds gSa fganh v[kckj* esa cgqr gh vPNh Hkk"kk i<+us dks feyhA ;g laikndh; viuh Hkk"kk ds

dkj.k nksckjk i<+us dh bPNk iSnk djrk gSA laikndh; dh dqN iafDr;k¡ tSls ^lekpkj i=k i<+s ugha iyVs tk jgs gSa* fnekx esa

fpfUgr gks x;h gS D;ksafd ;g fcydqy lgh gSA

dey nhf{kr th dk ys[k Hkh cgqr gh fopkjksÙkstd jgk] ftlesa mUgksaus fy[kk gS fd ^^tc xk¡o fMftVy gks jgs gSa rks vHkh

rks ge ru jgs gSa] ysfdu vkxs tkdj dgha >qdus ij ck/; rks u gksaxs** bl okD; esa Hkfo"; dh fpark >ydrh gSA mudh dqN

vkSj iafDr;k¡ xkSjryc gS tSls fd ^xwxy us tks vuqokn dh lqfo/kk cukbZ og gekjk dkS'ky] {kerk o lkeF;Z c<+kus ds fy, gS

;k cktkj ds Qk;ns ds fy,*A ckysUnq nk?khp tks fd izHkklk{kh ds lewg laiknd gSa mudk ys[k cgqr gh Kkuo/kZd jgkA muds

ys[k us fMftVy ehfM;k dh ikjaifjd ek/;eksa ij vkus okyh pqukSfr;ksa dk csgrjhu o.kZu fd;k gSA bl ys[k us fMftVy

ehfM;k ds ckjs esa dbZ ubZ ckrsa crkbZA dqN feykdj ehfM;k foe'kZ dks c/kkbZ nh tkuh pkfg, fd mlds dkj.k mlds ikBdksa esa ckSf)drk dk fodkl gks

jgk gSA pw¡fd eSa ehfM;k dks i<+krh gw¡ rks eSa vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa Hkh ckSf)drk dk btkQk gksuk ns[kuk pkgrh gw¡A ehfM;k foe'kZ ds ys[k] eSa Dykl esa

fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks i<+kÅ¡xh] rkfd muds vanj bl if=kdk fo"k; dks i<+us dh #fp mRiUu gksA vxj dksbZ 'kks/k if=kdk fo"k; ds izfr lksp] le>] tquwu]

tkxzfr o #fp iSnk dj ns rks og vius mís'; esa lQy gSA ehfM;k foe'kZ ,d ,slk gh iz;kl gSA ;g iz;kl nh?kZthoh gks blds fy, iwjh Vhe dks esjh vksj

ls cgqr&cgqr 'kqHkdkeuk;saA

8 mEehn dh mM+ku

& lfjrk ;kno] xzke o iksLV& xkSjk]tuin&cLrh ¼m-iz-½

ehfM;k foe'kZ dk u;k vad ^fgUnh

i=kdkfjrk ds ghjks* cgqr izHkko'kkyh o laxzg.kh; gSA

flusek ij yxkrkj rhu vad ds ckn ehfM;k esa gq,

cnyko vkSj vc fganh i=kdkfjrk ds lw=k/kkjksa dh

fo'ks"krk,¡] [kwfc;k¡ vkSj muds ;ksxnku dks c[kwch

izLrqr fd;k x;kA lgh le; ij mfpr ,ao xaHkhj

fo"k;ksa ds p;u o mlds izdk'ku dks ysdj êhfM;k

foe'kZ* dh lfØ;rk mls fur u, vk;ke rd ys

tk,xh] êhfM;k foe'kZ* dk yxkrkj vius rsoj vkSj

dysoj esa fu[kjrs gq, fn[kuk gesa vk'kkfUor djrk gSA

reke fo"k;ksa ls vdknfed f'k{kk xzg.k dj

vyx&vyx i`"BHkwfe es iys&c<+s lHkh i=kdkjksa ds

i=kdkjh; deZ dks ,d txg iUus ij mdsjuk cgqr

nq#g dk;Z gSA bl vad i<+rs oDr dqN i=kdkjksa dks

ysdj eu es tks ftKklk iSnk gks jgh FkhA ftudk uke

bl vad esa ugha Fkk gkykafd vHkh lqfu;ksftr <ax ls gq,

bl iz;kl dks ns[kdj ;gh yxrk gS fd vkxkeh vadksa

esa vki mu vU; egRoiw.kZ gfLr;ksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh

nsaxsA

8 oSpkfjd nfjnzrk ls Åij mBsa v[kckj

& vk'kh"k dqekj] dnedqvka] iVuk ¼fcgkj½

if=kdk ds twu 2015 ds fo'ks"kkad bafM;u ehfM;k fotu 2020 esa ftl izdkj ds

fo"k; mBk;s x;s gSa os ehfM;k dks ,d ubZ jks'kuh nsus okys gSaA ;g ckr lp gS fd vkt dk

ehfM;k ifjn`'; vkSj mldh pqukSfr;ka cgqr vyx gSaA i=kdkfjrk vc ehfM;k cudj vius

vkdkj&izdkj vkSj izHkko esa ,d vyx gh lalkj jp jgh gSA baVjusV vk/kkfjr ehfM;k us

v[kckjksa dh izklafxdrk ij loky [kM+s dj fn;s gSaA v[kckj Hkh blds fy, de nks"kh ugha gSaA

fganh ds v[kckj ,d xgjh oSpkfjd nfjnzrk ds f'kdkj gSaA laikndh; esa vkius bl vksj b'kkjk

Hkh fd;k gSA fdarq HkweaMyhdj.k vkSj O;kolk;hdj.k ds nckc esa ehfM;k vius vkidks cnysxk

;g dg ikuk dfBu gSA iwoZ jk"Vªifr MkW- vcqy dyke ehfM;k ls ftl izdkj dh ldkjkRedrk

dh mEehn djrs Fks oSlk gks ikuk esjs tSls ikBdkas ds fy, vlaHko lk yxrk gSA ehfM;k foe'kZ ds

ek/;e ls i=kdkjksa ds vkRefparu vkSj vkReeaFku ds fy, vki tks HkkxhjFk iz;kl dj jgs gSa

mldh ljkguk djuh gh gksxhA blds lkFk gh Hkkjrh; ifjn`'; esa lcls cM+h t:jr ;g gS fd

ge izsl dkSafly ds ctk; vc ehfM;k dkSafly dh LFkkiuk djsaA blds lkFk&lkFk ljdkj dks

;g Hkh pkfg, fd og ØkWl ehfM;k vkWujf'ki dks ysdj dM+s dkuwu cuk;sA ftlls ,d ehfM;k

esa dke djus okyh daiuh nwljh ehfM;k esa dke u dj ldsA vkt gkykr ;g gSa fd ,d gh

daiuh ds ikl jsfM;ks] Vhoh] v[kckj] osc] eksckby U;wt] MhVh,p dk dkjksckj lkjk dqN gSA

blls Hkkjr tSls cM+s ns'k esa ehfM;k dh fofo/krk dks [krjk mRiUu gqvk gSA daVsaV dks fu;af=kr

djus vkSj ,tsaMk lsV djus okyh 'kfDr;ksa dh rkdr bl ukrs c<+ jgh gSA blh rjg i=kdkjksa ds

ost cksMZ dks ysdj Hkh ehfM;k daifu;ka ftl izdkj dh gjdrsa dj jgh gSa mls Hkh jksduk pkfg,A

ef.klkuk ost cksMZ dks ysdj fganqLrku dh ehfM;k daifu;ka tSlk vkpj.k dj jgh gSa og

deZpkjh fojks/kh vkSj i=kdkfjrk fojks/kh gSA

8 vYVjusfVo bdkWukeh iSnk djus dh pqukSrhiwoZ jk"Vªifr ,-ih-ts- vCnqy

dyke dh ifjdYiuk ^fotu 2020* dksdsanz esa j[kdj ^bafM;u ehfM;k fotu2020* fo"k; ls izdkf'kr fd;k x;kehfM;k foe'kZ if=kdk dk ;g vad izkIrgqvkA ;g vad ,d ,sls le; esa gekjschp vk;k gS tc MkW- dyke gekjs chpugha jgsA ,sls esa bl vaddh izklafxdrk vkSj Hkh

c<+ tkrh gSA lkFk gh] laiknd us bl fo"k; dks ,d,sls le; esa mBk;k gS tc ehfM;k ij vyx&vyxizdkj ds vkjksi&izR;kjksi vkjksfir fd;s tk jgs gSa]elyu isM U;wt] lkekftd eqíksa ij laosnughurk]fdlh [kkl fopkj/kkjk dh i{k/kjrk] [kcj ds ukeij QwgM+rk vkfnA ,sls esa gekjs Hkfo"; dh ehfM;kdSlh gks\ ;g ,d xaHkhj vkSj fpark dk fo"k; gSA

izLrqr vad esa ehfM;k {ks=k ls tqM+sfofHkUu fo}kuksa vkSj i=kdkjksa ds fopkjksa dkslfEefyr dj laiknd us bl leL;k dk gy <w<+usvkSj Hkkjrh; ehfM;k dks u;h fn'kk nsus dh igy dh gS tksljkguh; gSA laikndh; esa laiknd us ,d xaHkhj iz'u mBk;k gSvkf[kj dSls vkt dk v[kckj ckSf)d foe'kksaZ ls nwj gksrk tk jgkgSA vkt v[kckj gekjs lkeus ,d izksMDV ds rkSj ij gSA nfyrfoe'kZ] eqfLye foe'kZ] L=kh foe'kZ] tuljksdkj vkSj ekuokf/kdkjls tqM+s eqís vkt v[kckjksa ls unkjn fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa tks ,dfopkj.kh; fo"k; gSA vkt gesa ,d ,sls ehfM;k dh vko';drk gStks Hkkjr ds cgqyrkoknh n`f"Vdks.k dks cgky j[k lds rHkh 2020rd Hkkjr ,d laosnu'khy vkSj tuljksdkjh ehfM;k dh dkeukdj ldrk gSA if=kdk esa jktho oekZ us vius ys[k esa ehfM;k?kjkuksa dks ,d u, lkaps esa <kyus vkSj mldh dk;Ziz.kkyh esa gksusokys cnyko dh vksj b'kkjk fd;k gSA vxj Hkfo"; esa dqN blrjg dk ehfM;k dk Lo#i lkeus vkrk gS rks vk'kk dh tk ldrhgS fd ikBdksa vkSj n'kZdksa dks fy, Hkfo"; esa ehfM;k }kjk izLrqrfd;s tk jgs daVsaV esa Hkh cnyko ns[kus dks feysaxsA ftlls muesaT;knk foosd'khyrk vkSj le> iSnk gksxhA ckysUnq nk/khp us viusfo"k;kuqlkj uo&ehfM;k ij ,d yach ckrphr dh gS tks t:jh HkhgSA eq>s yxrk gS fd tc Hkfo"; dh ehfM;k dh ckr dj jgs gaS rks,sls esa ehfM;k ds u, lalk/kuksa dks utjankt ugha fd;k tkukpkfg, gSA MkW- lq'khy f=kosnh us Hkh bl ckr dk ftØ fd;k gSAvkus okys le; esa Hkkjr dk ,d cM+k rcdk f'kf{kr gksxk tksehfM;k ds gj ,d lalk/kuksa ij viuh idM+ cukus dh dksf'k'kdjsxkA cs'kd vkus okys le; esa uo&ehfM;k gh vkeyksxksa ds fy,

,d oSdfYid ehfM;k ds rkSj ij lkeus gksxkA

bl vksj Hkh /;ku nsus dh t#jr gS fd ehfM;k tks lektvkSj yksdra=k dk izgjh ekuk tkrk gS] vc ;g cgl py iM+h gS fdehfM;k ij fuxjkuh dh tk;sA vkf[kj ,slk D;ksa\ bldk dkj.k ehfM;kesa rsth ls c<+rh O;olkf;drk ls gSA vkt dkWiksZjsV ?kjkuk ehfM;k dkslaHkkyuk pkg jgk gSA vc le; vk x;k gS fd ehfM;k Lo;a ds fy,,d vYVjusfVo bdkWukeh iSnk djs rkfd og Lo;a dks Lora=k :i lspykus dh fLFkfr esa vk tk;s vkSj ehfM;k tc Lora=k gksxk rHkh Hkfo";

ds fy, viuh dksbZ fn'kk fu/kkZfjr dj ldrk gSA blvad esa ys[kdksa us ehfM;k ds cqfu;knh ewY;ksa]pqukSfr;ksa] daVsaV vkSj rduhdh i{kksa esa vkus okyscnyko dks ysdj ,d xaHkhj foe'kZ fd;k gSA eSale>rk gwa vkt dk le; Hkkjrh; ehfM;k ds fy,dkQh ewY;oku gSA vc Hkkjrh; ehfM;k dkslaosnu'khy] tuljksdkjh rFkk vkSj Hkh vf/kdekuoh; ewY;ksa ds lkFk dke djuk gSA ,sls esa ehfM;kfoe'kZ ds bl vad us tks igy dh gS bu foe'kksaZ dks/;ku esa j[kdj ehfM;k dks vkxs dk;Z djus dhvko';drk gSA

& ,grs'kke vgen [kku] Mhu ,oafoHkkxk/;{k] i=dkfjrk ,oa tulapkj ladk;] ekSykuk

vktkn us'kuy mnwZ ;wfuoflZVh] gSnjkcknbZ&esy&

eks- [email protected],

08


vfHkthr oktis;h ugha jgsehfM;k foe'kZ ds lqifjfpr ys[kd vkSj

ek[kuyky prqosZnh fo'ofo|ky; ds lgk;d

izk/;kid vfHkthr cktis;h dk fny dk nkSjk

iM+us ls fu/ku gks x;kA os 45 lky ds Fks vkSj

fiNys dqN le; ls chekj py jgs FksA

vfHkthr cktis;h izca/ku fo"k; ds izk/;kid

Fks rFkk fo'ofo|ky; esa xr 8 o"kksaZ ls lsokjr

FksA fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds chp os cgqr yksdfiz; FksA

vfHkthr cktisbZ dk vafre laLdkj HknHknk

foJke ?kkV esa fd;k x;k ftlesa fo'ofo|ky; ds dqyifr]

vf/kdkfj;ksa] deZpkfj;ksa us vius lg;ksxh vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa us vius

fiz; f'k{kd dks HkkoHkhuh J)katfy nhA mudh 13 o"khZ; iq=kh

vkfnfr us firk dks eq[kkfXu nhA

ehfM;k foe'kZ ifjokj dh vksj ls J)katfyA

HkksikyA

8 ehfM;k esa gS utfj;k cnyus dh rkdr

& 'kf'kdyk JhokLro] iz/kkukpk;Z]Jh ';ke cgknqj vk;Z dU;k bUVj dkyst]

cLrh ¼m-iz-½

ehfM;k foe'kZ dk u;k vad feykA gj ckj dh rjg vius vuqie dysoj ds lkFk ,d u;s fdUrq orZeku ifjos'k esa ,d

ToyUr eqís dks ysdjA doj ist dks ns[kdj ftKklk c<+h fd D;k gS ^2020 dk fotu* fdUrq n`f"V :d x;h& ^lEikndh;*

ds ^fldqM+rk nk;jk* 'kh"kZd dks gh i<+djA ,slk yxk tSls gekjh gh bPNkvksa dks lEiknd us fyfic) djds lkdkj dj

fn;k gSA lp ;gh gS& vkt ds v[kckj i<+s ugha iyVs tkrs gSaA mlesa dyk] laxhr] laLd`fr] foKku tSls fo"k;ksa ls lEc)

dqN gksrk gh ugha gSA ;s lekpkji=k dsoy lwpuk ds lk/ku ek=k cu dj jg x;s gSaA fo'ks"k dj pksjh] vigj.k] gR;k] lM+d

gknlk vkSj lcls c<+dj jsi ,oa NsM+NkM+ dsA ;s lekpkji=k lPps vFkkZsa esa ^lekt dk niZ.k* gSa] fdUrq ;s lekt ds pkSFks vkSj

l'kDr LrEHk Hkh gSaA ;g ugha Hkwyuk pkfg,A bUgsa dsoy niZ.k cuus ls dke ugha pysxk cfYd viuk mÙkjnkf;Ro le>uk

gksxk vkSj og lc djuk gksxk ftlls lekt dh dyq"krk feV rks ugha ldrh fdUrq de gks] ge] gekjk lekt mlh fn'kk esa

vkxs rks c<+s ftlls lekt esa O;kIr fod`fr;k¡ nwj gks ldsaA vkt dk ikBd oxZ fo'ks"kdj e/;e oxZ ^lekpkj i=k* eaxokrk

rks gS fdUrq i<+us ls igys gh tkurk gS fd fdl i`"B ij D;k lwpuk gksxh] blfy;s dbZ ckj rks fcuk [kksys gh jíh dh Vksdjh esa pyk tkrk gSA vkt dh

ih<+h laosxkRed :i ls fodykaxrk dh vksj c<+ jgh gSA ^vFkZ* gh mlds fy;s lc dqN gS] ge brus fu"Bqj gks x;s gSa fd lM+d nq?kZVuk ;k fdlh dh e`R;q

;k chekjh dh lwpuk gesa fopfyr ugha djrh] ifjokj ds fiz; ls fiz; O;fDr ds e`R;q dh tkudkjh feyus ij ;g dgdj cM+h lgtrk ls Lohdkj dj ysrs

gSa ^;g rks lcds lkFk gksuk gS*A ,sls esa vko';drk gS bl ih<+h esa ,d ubZ laosnuk txkus dh vkSj og dke ehfM;k cM+s gh vPNs <ax ls dj ldrk gS] og

yksxksa dk utfj;k cnyus esa iw.kZr;k l{ke gS] cl vko';drk gS ml vksj pyus dhA

bl vad ds ek/;e ls ^2020 rd ge vius dks fdl rjg dh ekufldrk ds lkFk rS;kj djsa* bldh lksp txkus dk lQy iz;kl fd;k x;k

gS ftls Jh dey nhf{kr th vkRefparu vkSj vkReeaFku dk le; eku ^2020* ds izfr viuk ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k j[krs gq, lq[kn Hkfo"; dh dYiuk

djrs gaSA bls mUgksaus vkxr dks foxr vkSj orZeku ds vk/kkj ij ns[kk gS ftlls ge ;g r; dj ldsa fd ge D;k pkgrs gSa vkSj D;k gksus dh laHkkouk gS\

vkt dh fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, fu'p;kRed <ax ls dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkus okys le; ^fMftVy ehfM;k* ij cgqr dqN fuHkZj gksxkA eksckby] baVjusV]

;w&V~;wc] Qslcqd vkfn ij vk/kkfjr gksxkA bl êhfM;k* dk gh ;ksxnku gS fd foxr 10 o"kkZsa esa ftruh izxfr gqbZ mruh fiNys 50 o"kkZsa esa Hkh ugha gqbZA

fdarq vQlksl bl ckr dk gS fd ge ¼Hkkjrh;½ igys Hkh ^cktkj* Fks vkt Hkh cktkj cus gSaA êhfM;k* ds bl fodkl ls ge ek=k ^miHkksDrk* cudj jg

x;s gSa] mRiknd ugha cu ik jgs gSaA ÅtkZ] {kerk] ;ksX;rk] izkd`frd lalk/ku lc dqN gS] cl vko';drk gS ge îzsjd* dh vksj ;g dke ehfM;k cM+h

dq'kyrk ls dj ldrk gSA cl ,d ckj og ^dk pqi lkf/k jgk cyokuk* dh gq¡dkj djs rks fQj nsf[k;s ge Hkkjrh; D;k ugha dj nsaxs\ bl lUnHkZ esa

iqf"irk voLFkh dk ys[k êhfM;k dks lR;kxzgh gksus dh vko';drk* cM+k gh lkFkZd yxkA lpeqp esa êhfM;k* esa {kerk gS tuekul dks vius vuq:i

<kyus dh] lekt ds efLr"d dks cnyus dh] l`tu vkSj fo/oal esa bldh cM+h vge~ Hkwfedk gSA

lEiw.kZ if=kdk cM+h gh jkspd] ftKklko/kZd gSA blds fy, êhfM;k foe'kZ* ds lEiknd eaMy rFkk izR;{k&vizR;{k :i ls tqM+s gq;s Hkh yksxksa

dks cgqr&cgqr c/kkbZA fo'okl gS fd ehfM;k 2020 rd vius ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k ds lkFk vius mÙkjnkf;Roksa dks le>rs gq;s lekt dks ,d u;h

fn'kk nsxhA vc rks U;k;ikfydk Hkh ehfM;k }kjk mBk;s eqíksa ij Lor% laKku ysdj dk;Zokgh dj jgh gSA

gk¡] ,d NksVk lk lq>ko vo'; gS fd jpukdkjksa ds uke ds lkFk mudk lEidZ uacj Hkh ;fn laHko gks lds rks vafdr fd;k tk; ftlls ys[k

i<+us ds ckn izfrfØ;k Lo:i muls lh/ks ,d ckj gh lgh laokn LFkkfir fd;k tk ldsA blh 'kqHkdkeuk ds lkFk fd êhfM;k foe'kZ* vius mÙkjksÙkj u;s

Lo:i] u;s dysoj ds lkFk fodkl ds ekxZ ij vxzlj jgs] fQj ^2020* esa ge bl vad dks fQj ls ;kn djsa vkSj leh{kk djsa fd bl 5 o"kZ esa ge dgka Fks

dgka igqap x;s& clA

ehfM;k foe'kZ ds bl vad ij viuh izfrfØ;k,a bZ&esy] ,l,e,l ;k Mkd ls Hkst ldrs gSaA

vkidh izfrfØ;k] lq>ko] fVIif.k;ksa vkSj vkykspuk dk Lokxr gSA

bZ&esy& eksckby@,l,e,l djsa% 09893598888

Mkd Hksats& laiknd] 428] jksfgr uxj] Qst&1] bZ&8 ,DlVsa'ku] Hkksiky& 462039

[email protected]

foe'kZehfM;k

09

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

ftuds ne ls jkS'ku gS fganh ehfM;ki=kdkj lkfgR;dkj

lkSE; i=kdkj

[kcjksa dks cuk fy;k thou

XySejl ,adj

e`.kky ik.Ms] 68 o"kZ] ofj"B i=kdkj

uhye 'kekZ] 42 o"kZ] ofj"B ,adj] MhMh U;wt

fuf/k dqyifr] 45 o"kZ] ofj"B ,adj] ,uMhVhoh bafM;k

'osrk flag] 39 o"kZ] ,adj vkSj fMIVh ,fMVj] vktrd

Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk dk tkuk&igpkuk uke gS] e`.kky ik.MsA os izlkj Hkkjrh dh v/;{k jgh gSaA fgUnqLrku dh lEiknd jg pqdh

gSaA e`.kky ik.Ms fgUnh dh iz[;kr miU;kldkj f'kokuh dh csVh gSaA e/;izns'k ds Vhdex<+ esa tUeh e`.kky ik.Ms us viuh

izkjfEHkd f'k{kk uSuhrky ls iwjh dhA ,e, bykgkckn ls vkSj vaxzsth] laLd`r] lkfgR;] izkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl] iqjkrRo]

'kkL=kh; laxhr vkSj yfyr dyk dh f'k{kk dkjdkju ¼okf'kaxVu Mhlh½ ls iwjh dhA 1984&87 ds chp VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k lewg

dh yksdfiz; efgyk if=kdk ôkek* dk laiknu Hkh mUgksaus fd;k gSA e`.kky ik.Ms; 47 lky ls i=kdkfjrk vkSj lkfgR; ds {ks=k esa

lfØ; gSaA muds laikndh; ys[k ftrus xaHkhj gksrs gSa] dgkfu;ka mruh gh ekfeZd vkSj ân; dks Nw tkus okyh gksrh gSaA

uhye 'kekZ XySej ds nkSj esa Hkh cM+h lathnxh vkSj [kwclwjrh ls [kcjsa izLrqr djrh gSaA ljdkjh ra=k ds pSuy MhMh U;wt esa dke

djrs gq, Hkh mudh viuh fof'k"V igpku ns'k esa gSA tc nwjn'kZu us'kuy ij 15 feuV dk U;wt cqysfVu vkrk Fkk rc ls n'kZd

mUgsa ns[k&lqu jgs gSaA mUgksaus fnYyh ds ysMh Jhjke dkWyst QkWj owesu vkSj tkfe;k fefy;k bLykfe;k ls viuh i<+kbZ iwjh dh gSA

o"kZ 1995 esa uhye 'kekZ us nwjn'kZu ls vius i=kdkjh; thou dh 'kq#vkr dhA nwjn'kZu ij izlkfjr gksus okyk mudk dk;ZØe

^ppkZ esa* fgUnh ds lcls [kkl dk;ZØeksa esa ls ,d gSA o"kZ 2010 esa ^vk/kh vkcknh oweu vpholZ vokMZ* vkSj 2013 esa êhfM;k

egkjFkh vokMZ* ls lEekfur uhye 'kekZ ;qofr;ksa ds fy, lknxh vkSj ljyrk dh ,d felky gSaA

fuf/k dqyifr Hkkjrh; Vsyhfotu dh nqfu;k dh lcls vkd"kZd vkSj lcls lkSE; U;wt iztsaVsVlZ esa ls ,d gSaA fiNys 24 lky ls

os i=kdkfjrk dj jgh gSaA fnYyh esa gh iyh&c<+h fuf/k dqyifr us 1991 esa viuk i=kdkjh; thou Û;wtVªSd* ds lkFk 'kq: fd;kA

blds ckn os ,uMhVhoh vkbZaA ,uMhVhoh bafM;k ij mUgsa vdlj êsjk cqysfVu* vkSj ^bafM;k 9 cts* tSls dk;ZØeksa esa ,adfjax

djrs gq, ns[kk tk ldrk gSA viuh lknxh vkSj lgtrk ds pyrs fuf/k dqyifr dh n'kZdksa ds chp vyx igpku gSA [kcjksa dks

tkuus vkSj mudh vgfe;r le>us esa ekfgj fuf/k fgUnh Vhoh i=kdkfjrk ds mu psgjksa esa 'kqekj gSa] ftUgksaus [kcj dks gh viuk

thou eku fy;k gSA fo"k; dh xgjh le>] esgur vkSj yxu ds dkj.k os lQyrk ds lkFk vkxs c<+ jgh gSaA

Vhoh U;wt baMLVªh dh XySejl ,adj esa ls ,d gSa 'osrk flagA mUgksaus tujy LiksVZ~l ls ysdj VkWd 'kks rd] dbZ rjg ds dk;ZØe

fd, gSaA 'osrk ds dk;ZØe ^lkSjHk dk flDlj* dks LiksVZ~l tuZfyTe QsMjs'ku vkWQ bafM;k dh rjQ ls lky 2005 esa loZJs"B

LiksVZ~l dk;ZØe dk iqjLdkj fey pqdk gSA 'osrk flag us iVuk ls tulapkj esa Lukrd dh fMxzh izkIr dh vkSj 1996 esa vius

dfj;j dh 'kq#vkr ^VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k* ls dhA ckn esa fgUnqLrku VkbEl pyh xbZaA fizaV ehfM;k ls bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k esa

dne j[kk rks igyk eqdke cuk;k ^th U;wt* dksA lgkjk esa Hkh jghaA o"kZ 2002 esa mUgksaus vktrd Tokbu fd;kA mUgsa 2013 esa

csLV Vhoh U;wt ,adj ds fy, pquk x;k FkkA muds dbZ dk;ZØeksa dks Hkh iqjLd`r fd;k tk pqdk gSA

foe'kZehfM;k

11

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

dykRedrk gS igpku

ftanxh ykbo

[kcjksa esa thus okyh

ljksdkjh i=kdkfjrk

uxek lgj] 40 o"kZ] ofj"B ,adj] ,uMhVhoh bafM;k

_pk vfu#)] 40 o"kZ] ,adj] vkbZch,u&7

vatw iadt xqysfj;k] 40 o"kZ] ,adj] lgkjk le;

vUuw vkuan] 49 o"kZ] ofj"B i=kdkj

uxek lgj fgUnh ehfM;k dh mu i=kdkjksa esa 'kqekj gSa] tks viuh dykRedrk vkSj uk;kc fjiksfVaZx ds fy, tkuh tkrh gSaA

fnYyh Ldwy vkWQ bdksuksfeDl ls Hkwxksy esa ekLVj fMxzh djus ds ckn mUgksaus ^,f'k;u ,st* ls i=kdkfjrk esa dne j[kkA

mUgksaus vktrd ds fy, Hkh ,adfjax dh gSA 2003 esa uxek ,uMhVhoh bafM;k igqaph vkSj rc ls vkt rd mlh dk fgLlk gSaA

^lyke ftanxh* 'kks us mudks yksxksa ds fnyksa rd igqapk;kA ukxkiêue esa lqukeh dh =kklnh] eqEcbZ CykLV]

bykgkckn dqEHk esyk] esjB dk nnZukd foDVksfj;k ikdZ vfXudkaM tSls dqN izfl) Vhoh dojst muds uke ds lkFk tqM+s gSaA

,uMhVhoh bafM;k ds ^baVjus'kuy ,tsaMk* dk;ZØe ds lgkjs uxek n'kZdksa ds chp ppkZ esa cuh gqbZ gSaA vkfej [kku dh fQYe

^Quk* esa os ,d NksVk&lk jksy dj pqdh gSaA

lkekU; ifjokj ls fudydj dke;kch dk ,d lqugjk edke cuk;k gS _pk vfu#) usA e/;izns'k ds jhok esfMdy dkWyst esa

iSnk gqbZ _pk ewyr% mÙkjizns'k ds >kalh dh jgus okyh gSaA mUgksaus cqansy[kaM fo'ofo|ky; ls foKku esa Lukrd fd;k vkSj mlds

ckn yanu Ldwy vkWQ bdksuksfeDl ls i<+kbZ iwjh dhA mUgksaus vius dfj;j dh 'kq#vkr nwjn'kZu ls dhA blds ckn th U;wt vkSj

gsMykbal VqMs gksrs gq, os vkbZch,u&7 igqaphA ;gka muds dk;ZØe ^ftanxh ykbo* us mUgsa ,d vyx igpku nhA 2004 esa ^fip*

if=kdk us _pk dks Hkkjr dh vxyh ih<+h ds 12 loZJs"B ,adj esa ls ,d pqukA ,drk fe'ku us 2005 esa mUgsa csLV ,adj dk

vokMZ fn;kA laosnu'khy fo"k;ksa ij dke djus okyh _pk dks vusd lEeku izkIr gq, gSaA

Vhoh i=kdkfjrk us tc Hkkjr esa dne j[kk rc ls vatw iadt mldk fgLlk gSaA MhMh ij vktrd dk flQZ 20 feuV dk izksxzke

vkrk Fkk] rc ,lih flag dh Vhe dk fgLlk Fkha vatw iadtA f'keyk esa mudk tUe gqvkA [kwclwjr okfn;ksa esa iyh&c<+haA vaxzsth

esa iksLV xzstq,'ku fd;k] fQj i=kdkj cuus ds fy, fnYyh pyh vkbZaA

bafM;k VqMs ls crkSj Vªsuh fjiksVZj vius i=kdkjh; thou dh 'kq#vkr dhA ;gha vktrd esa dke djus dk ekSdk feykA

vktrd dks mUgksaus 20 feuV ls 24 ?k.Vs dk pSuy gksrs ns[kk gSA djhc 11 lky vktrd esa dke djus ds ckn vatw iadt lgkjk

le; pyha vkbZaA fiNys djhc vkB lky ls lgkjk le; esa dke dj jgh gSaA 5&6 v[kckj i<+uk mudh fnup;kZ dk fu;fer

vkSj vfuok;Z fgLlk gSA

fodkl i=kdkfjrk dk i;kZ; cu xbZ gSa vUuw vkuanA cSaxyw# fo'ofo|ky; ls tulapkj ,oa i=kdkfjrk dk dkslZ djus ds ckn

vUuw vkuan us ihVhvkbZ esa baVuZf'ki dhA fnYyh vkbZa rks fnYyh izsl ls tqM+dj lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd [kcjksa dk dojst 'kq:

fd;kA yEcs le; rd Ýhykaflax djus ds ckn os tulÙkk ls tqM+haA tsaMj b';w vkSj pkbYM jkbV~l] muds ilanhnk fo"k; gSaA ckn

esa izsl baLVhVîwV vkWQ bafM;k ls tqMus ds ckn crkSj laiknd ^fonqj* vkSj ^xzkl:V* if=kdk dks mUgksaus ftl Lrj rd igqapk;k gS]

og dkfcys rkjhQ gSA mUgksaus fonqj ds fgUnh laLdj.k ds lkFk&lkFk vaxzsth laLdj.k dks Hkh ,d u;k :i fn;kA vUuw vkuan us

,uthvks ds lkFk feydj xkao&xkao tkdj QhYM ls fjiksfVaZx dhA

12


fnYyh esa cLrj okyh

Økbe fjiksVZj ls ehfM;k izk/;kid

okn&fookn dh thr Vhoh rd ys vkbZ

ihfM+rksa dh vkokt

bjk >k] 55 o"kZ] ofj"B i=kdkj

ofrZdk uank] 37 o"kZ] i=kdkj ,oa ehfM;k izk/;kid

vydk lDlsuk] ofj"B Vhoh i=kdkj

ef.kekyk] 57 o"kZ] funs'kd] xka/kh Le`fr ,oa n'kZu lfefr

ns'k dh jkt/kkuh fnYyh ls izdkf'kr fgUnqLrku v[kckj ds iqyvkmV fudkyus dk Js; bjk >k dks tkrk gSA mUgksaus fgUnqLrku ds

fy, ,ulhvkj ds izeq[k 'kgjksa uks,Mk] xkft;kckn] xqMxkao] Qjhnkckn ds fy, u flQZ i=kdkjksa dh QkSt [kM+h dh cfYd

v[kckj dks vke vkneh ls tksM+kA orZeku esa uoHkkjr dh fnYyh C;wjks izeq[k bjk dkWyst ls fudydj tc fnYyh vkbZa rks ogka

vkbZvkbZ,elh ls mUgksaus LiksVZ~l tuZfyTe ds xqj lh[ksA

gkykafd ;g vyx ckr gS fd os [ksy i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa ugha xbZaA jktuhfr] lkekftd vkSj vkfnokfl;ksa ls tqM+h

[kcjksa dks djus esa mUgsa vkuan vkrk gSA bjk >k dk cpiu vkfnokfl;ksa ds chp cLrj esa chrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd yksd dyk

vkSj yksd laLd`fr mUgsa cgqr Hkkrh gSA

,f'k;k esa lcls de mez esa ,adj cuus okyh i=kdkj dk uke gS ofrZdk uankA i=kdkfjrk dk lQj nwjn'kZu ds tkya/kj dsUnz ls

'kq: gqvkA ;gha de mez esa ,adj cuus dk fjdkWMZ vius uke fd;kA th Vhoh] ,uMhVhoh vkSj yksdlHkk pSuy esa dke fd;kA

ofrZdk uank dh igpku Økbe tuZfyTe dks ysdj gSA

vijk/k chV doj djus okyh efgyk i=kdkj de gh gksrh gSa] muesa Hkh ofrZdk uank ,d gh gSA f'k[kj ij igqapdj

lfØ; i=kdkfjrk NksM+dj ehfM;k v/;kiu ds {ks=k ls tqM+ xbZaA fQygky os fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ds ysMh Jhjke dkWyst ds

ehfM;k foHkkx esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vPNs i=kdkj cuus ds xqj fl[kk jgh gSaA efgyk vijk/kksa ds izfr lekt dks tkx:d djus ds

fy, mUgsa jk"Vªifr iz.ko eq[kthZ lEekfur dj pqds gSaA

NBha d{kk dh ,d yM+dh us okn&fookn izfr;ksfxrk esa fgLlk fy;k vkSj og igyk iqjLdkj thr xbZA mldk uke&QksVks

v[kckjksa esa izdkf'kr gqvkA rc ml NksVh yM+dh us Bku fy;k fd D;ksa u dqN ,slk fd;k tk, fd yksx esjk uke ckj&ckj i<+saA

ikWdsVeuh ds fy, iksLV xzstq,'ku ds nkSjku gh og jsfM;ks vkSj Vhoh ds fy, Ýhykaflax djus yxhA jfookj] fgUnqLrku] uoHkkjr

VkbEl] tulÙkk] /keZ;qx vkSj fnueku lfgr vU; ds fy, [kwc fy[kkA tc jfookj esa ukSdjh feyh rks fQj mlus ihNs eqM+dj

ugha ns[kkA [kcjksa ds fy, yM+&fHkM+dj mlus viuh ,d vyx igpku cukbZ gS] mlh igpku dk uke gS vydk lDlsukA Vhoh

VqMs ls bysDVªksfud ehfM;k esa dne j[kkA th U;wt esa Hkh jghaA

xka/kh Le`fr ,oa n'kZu lfefr dh funs'kd ef.kekyk us lekt esa lkFkZd cnyko ykus ds fy, dye dks gfFk;kj cuk;k gSA izHkkr

[kcj ls mUgksaus i=kdkfjrk dh 'kq#vkr dh vkSj fcgkj dh lcls igyh efgyk i=kdkj gksus dk xkSjo izkIr fd;kA os ey;kye

euksjek lewg dh ekfld if=kdk ôfurk* dh lEiknd Hkh jgh gSaA fQygky os if=kdk ^vafre tu* dh lEiknd gSaA vafre tu

esa izdkf'kr gksus okys muds lEikndh; ys[k i=kdkfjrk] lkfgR; vkSj vU; {ks=kksa esa dkQh pfpZr jgrs gSaA vius 30 lky ds

i=kdkfjrk ds lQj esa mUgksaus dHkh fl)karksa ls le>kSrk ugha fd;kA mRd`"V i=kdkfjrk ds fy, ef.kekyk dks o"kZ 2006 esa

rRdkyhu jk"Vªifr ,ihts vCnqy dyke lkgc ds gkFkksa lEekfur fd;k x;k FkkA

foe'kZehfM;k

13

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

u;k utfj;k

ehfM;k eqxy

rstrjkZj ,adj

lkfgR;dkj i=kdkj

Hkk"kk flag] 42 o"kZ] lgk;d lEiknd] vkmVyqd

vuqjk/kk izlkn] 42 o"kZ] ps;jilZu] ch,th usVodZ

vatuk vkse d';i] 39 o"kZ] ,adj] vktrd

xhrkJh] ofj"B i=kdkj

fnYyh esa tUeh vkSj y[kuÅ esa i<+h&c<+h Hkk"kk flag dh ys[kuh esa fnYyh&lk mcky vkSj y[kuoh vnc nksuksa ,d lkFk gSaA

i=kdkj] ys[kd vkSj ,fDVfoLV Hkk"kk flag i=kdkfjrk esa vius firk ,oa lQy i=kdkj vt; flag ls izsfjr gksdj vkbZaA mUgksaus

vius dfj;j dh 'kq#vkr 1996 esa izfrf"Br lekpkj&i=k vej mtkyk ls dhA blds ckn uoHkkjr VkbEl xbZaA ogka ls

vkmVyqd dk #[k fd;kA ubZnqfu;k esa Hkh dqN le; xqtkjkA orZeku esa os vkmVyqd esa lgk;d lEiknd gSaA Hkkjr esa eSyk

<ksus dh dqizFkk dh tehuh iM+rky djrh mudh iqLrd ^vn`'; Hkkjr* [kklh pfpZr gSA isafXou ls vaxzsth esa izdkf'kr blh

iqLrd dk rsyxw vuqokn Hkh vkus okyk gSA loZJs"B i=kdkfjrk ds fy, jkeukFk xks;udk iqjLdkj ls Hkh mUgsa lEekfur fd;k

tk pqdk gSA

fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls jktuhfr foKku dh i<+kbZ djus okyh vuqjk/kk izlkn us vius dfj;j dh 'kq#vkr êuh eSVj* uked

fctusl eSxthu ls dhA ysfdu] dqN u;k djus dh yyd vkSj yhd ls gVdj pyus dh ftn us vuqjk/kk izlkn ls lky 1993 esa

^ch,th fQYEl ,aM ehfM;k fyfeVsM* dh LFkkiuk djokbZA pkyhl gtkj #i;s vkSj nks dejksa ds vkWfQl ls 'kq: gqvk ch,th dk

lQj vkt ehfM;k dh cqyafn;ksa rd igqap x;k gSA 13 fnlEcj] 2007 dks vuqjk/kk izlkn us ch,th ds cSuj rys Û;wt 24* dh

'kq#vkr dhA blds ckn mUgksaus euksjatu pSuy ^bZ 24* vkSj jsfM;ks usVodZ ^/keky 24* dk Hkh vkxkt fd;kA Hkkjrh;

Vsyhfotu esa muds egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku ds fy, mudks vusd lEekuksa ls Hkh uoktk x;k gSA

Vsyhfotu i=kdkfjrk esa chrs 12&13 lky ls vatuk vkse d';i lfØ; gSaA ns'k ds dbZ izfrf"Br U;wt pSuYl esa dke

dj pqdh vatuk vkse d';i dh igpku tksjnkj cgl djus okyh ,adj ds rkSj ij cuh gSA Ldwy vkSj dkWyst ds fnuksa

ls csgrj fMcsVj jgh vatuk us 2002 esa tkfe;k fefy;k bLykfe;k ls i=kdkfjrk esa fMIyksek fd;k vkSj vius dfj;j

dh 'kq#vkr nwjn'kZu ij vkus okys dk;ZØe ^vka[kksa ns[kh* ls dhA lky 2003 esa mUgksaus ^th U;wt* esa dke djuk 'kq:

fd;kA ikap lky ckr Û;wt 24* Tokbu fd;k vkSj ogka ls ^LVkj U;wt* gksrh gqbZa ^vktrd* igqaphA okn&fookn ij

vk/kkfjr Û;wt 24* ds rstrjkZj 'kks ^nks Vwd* ls mudh yksdfiz;rk c<+h vkSj rc ls os izkbe Vkbe dh ,adj cu xbZaA

izLrqfr% yksdsUnz flag

djhc 20 lky ls xhrkJh i=kdkfjrk esa lfØ; gSaA xhrkJh mu pqfuank i=kdkjksa esa 'kqekj gSa ftuds ikl i=kdkfjrk ds

rhuksa Lo:i fizaV] bysDVªksfud vkSj osc dk vuqHko gSA os fgUnh osc iksVZy ôscnqfu;k* dh fnYyh C;wjksphQ jg pqdh gSaA

mUgksaus ^MhMh U;wt* esa fizalhiy dkWjsLiksaMsaV vkSj ^Lora=k Hkkjr* esa lhfu;j dkWjsLiksaMsaV ds in ij dk;Z fd;k gSA xhrkJh

^vkmVyqd* if=kdk ls 'kq#vkr ls gh tqM+ xbZa FkhaA ckn esa mUgksaus vkmVyqd ds vflLVsaV ,fMVj ds in ls bLrhQk

nsdj iyZ xzqi dh if=kdk ^fcafn;k* ds laiknd jghaA xhrkJh i=kdkj ds lkFk lkfgR;dkj Hkh gSaA i=kdkfjrk vkSj

lkfgR; esa mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku ds fy, mUgsa jkeukFk xks;udk iqjLdkj] ekr`Jh vokMZ vkSj ykM+yh ehfM;k vokMZ

lfgr dbZ lEeku fey pqds gSaA

14


Ler vkik ;kuh e'kgwj mnwZ vQlkukfuxkj bLer pqxrkbZA

,d tUetkr fonzksgh O;fDrRoA vkSjrksa dh O;fDrxr

vktknh dh rM+i ls ycjstA dne&dne ij muds ftanxh thus ds

<ax vkSj dgs&fy[ks ij cs'kqekj [krjsA ij mu lcls tw>us&yM+us dk

ekík rks muds Hkhrj cpiu ls FkkA tUe mudk 21 tqykbZ] 1915

dks mÙkjizns'k ds cnk;wa 'kgj esa gqvk FkkA e/;oxhZ; ifjokj esa

tUeh bLer vkik Ng HkkbZ;ksa vkSj pkj cguksa esa lcls NksVh FkhA ij

mUgksaus NqViu ls gh yM+dksa ds lkFk cjkcj dk gd gkfly djus dh

dksf'k'k dhA lknk fyckt iguus dh ftn vkSj tsoj xguksa dks

Bqdjkus dk lkglA 'kkfgn yrhQ ls fookg fd;k] ftls os ,d

vkn'kZ le>kSrk Hkh dgk djrh FkhaA

vkSjrksa dh i<+kbZ dh fgek;r] inZs dk fojks/k ;kuh tgk¡

dgha fL=k;ksa dh vktknh vkSj muds vkxs c<+us dk loky vk;k]

bLer vkik muds leFkZu esa vkxs pydj xbZaA os dgk djrh Fkha fd

dkaxzsl dh thr blhfy, gqbZ fd vkSjr&enZ nksuksa us fons'kh eky dk

ck;dkV fd;kA xka/kh us ,d ckj mudh vkVksxzkQ cqd ij gLrk{kj

djus ls euk dj fn;k Fkk] D;ksafd os fons'kh diM+s igus FkhaA mUgksaus

mlh oDr [kknh HkaMkj ls [kknh dh /kksrh [kjhnhA xka/kh ;g ns[kdj

[kq'k gks x;s vkSj mUgksaus vkVksxzkQ ns fn;sA bLer vkik us vkSjr

vkSj enZ nksuksa dh gkyr] tqYe vkSj T;knrh ds f[kykQ dye

mBkbZA os ekurh Fkha fd vxj enZ tkfye] ukbalkQ] pksj&mpDdk

gS] rks lcls igys og vkSjr eqtfje gS ftlus mls vius

,s'kks&vkjke dh [kkfrj pksj] mBkbZfxjh vkSj eqnkZ cuk;k gSA mu

fnuksa bLer dE;qfuLV eqYdksa esa tgk¡ vkSjrksa vkSj enkZsa dks cjkcj dh

esgur dk cjkcj dk Qy feyrk Fkk] mudh vDlj ppkZ fd;k

djrh FkhaA mu ij cgqr vkjksi yxsA fdlh us mUgsa v'yhy dgk rks

fdlh us ukfLrd vkSj dE;qfuLVA 'kk;n os mnwZ dh igyh ysf[kdk

Fkha] tks viuh jpukvksa esa ^v'yhyrk* ds vkjksi esa vius etgch

vkdkvksa }kjk izrkfM+r dh xbZaA ysfdu os gkjus okyh efgyk ugha

FkhaA mUgkssaus viuh ethZ ls thuk lh[kk FkkA muds dgus vkSj fy[kus

dh vktknh muls dksbZ Nhu ugha ik;kA ykgkSj gkbZdksVZ esa mudh

e'kgwj dgkuh ^fygkQ* ij eqdnek pyk Fkk ysfdu og fVdk ughaA

^xsank* mudh igyh dgkuh Fkh] tks 1949 esa mnwZ dh

mnwZ dh vQlkukfuxkj bLer pqxrkbZ vius fonzksgh O;fDrRo] rY[k vkSj cs[kkSQ ys[ku ds fy, tkuh

tkrh gSaA mUgksaus vkSjrksa ds fgr esa u flQZ dye mBkbZ] cfYd tgka t:jr iM+h os muds lkFk rudj

[kM+h jghaA ?kj dh pkjnhokjh esa ?kqVrh] inZs vkSj cafn'kksa esa dlelkrh yM+fd;ksa ds fy, u flQZ mUgksaus

ftUnxh ds u;s jkLrs [kksyus dh dksf'k'k dh] cfYd mu ij os [kqn Hkh iwjh ftn ds lkFk pyrh jghaA

mudh jpukvksa dks mnwZ ftruh gh bTtr fganh] vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa vkSj vaxzsth esa Hkh feyhA muds

tUe'krh ds volj ij muds ys[ku vkSj mudh 'kf[l;r ds ckjs esa izLrqr gS ;g fo'ks"k vkys[kA

L=h 'kfDr- -1 ( )tUe 'krkCnh ij fo'ks"klq/khj fo|kFkhZ

bLer pqxrkbZ% vk¡py dks cuk;k ijpe

b

foe'kZehfM;k

15

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

izfl) lkfgfR;d if=kdk ^lkdh* esa izdkf'kr gqbZ FkhA mudh

d`fr;ksa esa ^ftíh* ¼1941½ ds ckn êklwek*] ^lSnkbZ*] ^taxyh

dcwrj*] ^fny dh nqfu;k*] ^vthc vkneh* vkSj ^ckanh* rd mudk

pedhyk miU;kl lalkj QSyk iM+k FkkA ^dfy;ka*] ^pksVsa*] ^,d

jkr*] ^NqbZeqbZ*] ^nks gkFk nkst[kh*] ^'kSrku* muds dgkuh laxzg gSaA

fganh esa ^dqvkajh* vkSj vaxzsth esa mudh dgkfu;ksa ds rhu laxzg

vR;Ur pfpZr gq,] ftuesa ^dkyh* fof'k"V gSA

bLer vkik us fQYeksa ds fy, Hkh ys[ku fd;k] ftuesa

^xeZ gok* dks dbZ iqjLdkj feysA ;g lQjukek 1943 esa mudh

igyh fQYe ^NsM+NkM+* ls 'kq: gqvkA mnwZ vkSj fganh dh lkfgfR;d

nqfu;k esa bLer vkik dk ys[ku leku :i ls lekn`r gSA mudh

jpuk;sa fuEu e/;oxhZ; eqfLye lekt dh lkekftd fLFkfr;ksa vkSj

euksn'kkvksa dk csgrjhu [kkdk gSA fuHkhZdrk vkSj lPpkbZ muds

fo'ks"k xq.k gSaA vius jpukdeZ ds fy, mUgsa dbZ iqjLdkj feys]

ftuesa ^bdcky lEeku*] ê[knwe vokMZ* vkSj ûsg: vokMZ*

'kkfey gSA xkSjryc gS fd 24 vDVwcj] 1991 dks bl fonzksgh

ysf[kdk dh olh;r ds vuqlkj eqEcbZ ds panuckM+h esa muds e`r

'kjhj dks vkx yxkdj vafre fonkbZ nh xbZ ftuesa eqt¶Qj gqlSu]

fo'oukFk lpnso vkSj jkgqy nso igq¡ps FksA ;kuh eqt¶Qj gqlSu

bdykSrs eqlyeku FksA izxfr'khy dgs tkus okyh 'kckuk vkteh]

tkosn v[rj vkSj vyh ljnkj tkQjh ml oDr vius ?kjksa ls gh

dgha pys x;s FksA

bLer vkik us ejus ls igys cM+h gljr ls dgk Fkk%

^dk'k vkt eq>s ejrs gq, glu eaVks ns[krkA* ;kuh og eaVks dks Hkh

f'kdLr nsdj thr gkfly dj ysrhA eSa vDlj lksprk gw¡ fd bLer

vkik us fdl rjg olh;r dh gksxh fd mUgsa ejus ds ckn ctk;

dcz esa nQukus ds fganqvksa dh rjg tyk;k tk,A ftanxh vkSj

lkfgR; esa bLer vkik dh [khaph xbZ dbZ ydhj dks vkxs c<+kus dk

lkgl dksbZ dj ldsxk D;k\ muds dFkkuk;dksa dk vkeuk&lkeuk

djus dh dwcr Hkh 'kk;n geesa ugha gSA vkSjrksa dh O;fDrxr

vktknh dh rM+i bLer vkik dh izkjafHkd dgkfu;ksa esa Hkh FkhA ij

^fygkQ* vkSj ^gelQj* tSlh dFkkvksa us muds O;fDrRo dks u;s

igyw ds lkFk is'k fd;kA ,d efgyk dFkkdkj dh ,slh lkgliw.kZ

vfHkO;fDr ls yksx HkkSpDds vkSj O;fFkr FksA bLer vkik us vkSjr

vkSj enZ nksuksa dh gkyr tqYe vkSj T;knrh ds f[kykQ dye

pykbZA mu ij cgqr vkjksi yxs] ysfdu os vkSjrksa dh vktknh dks

nwljs gh igyw ls ns[krh Fkh tks cgqr [kqyk vkSj nenkj FkkA

eq>s ;kn gS fd 1981 esa mnwZ ds iz[;kr dFkkdkj jkeyky

th dks bLer vkik us ,d yack i=k fy[kk Fkk] ftls i<+dj ^vkSjr*

vkSj ^lsDl* dks ysdj muds fopkjksa dk [kqyklk gS% ß---vjs HkkbZ

rqeus dUgS;k th dks ^vkSjrckt* dgdj cM+k th tyk;kA ,d ogh

<ax ds Hkxoku gSaA lcls T;knk izksxzsflo vkSj eqlfUuQ ¼ys[kd½ rks

Fks gh] ;kuh viuh gh tkr fcjknjh ds gq,A xhrk dh r[kyhd

¼jpuk½ dhA lcls cM+h djkekr ;g Fkh fd mUgksaus vkSjr dks Hkh

balkuksa dh lQ esa 'kqekj fd;kA nqfu;k ds fdlh vkne esa bl

nhnkfnysjh ls vkSjr dks enZ ls btgkj&,&b'd djus dh felky ugha

feysxhA fdlh rgthc us vkf'kd vkSj enZ dks ek'kwd cukus ij

roTtks ugha nhA Ýkalhlh vkSj vaxzsth vnc eas Hkh vkSjr gh egcwck

gS vkSj T;knkrj jafM;ksa us gh vktkn b'd fd;k gS] ftls uhpk vkSj

dkjksckjh jax ns fn;k gSA exj d`".k th us ftLekuh b'd dks HkfDr

dk ejrck fn;k gSA jk/kk 'kknh'kqnk gSa] exj d`".k ds b'd esa ,slh

nhokuh gqbZ dh iwt Mkyh xbZaA bruh ckxh vkSj eq¡gtksj vkf'kd dh

felky dgha vkSj ugha feysxhA vkSjr rks nqfu;k esa esgcwck cudj

Hksth xbZ gSA bl ij vkf'kd gqvk tk ldrk gSA ysfdu 'kjhQ

vkSjr pksjh&fNis dj Hkh Mkys b'd rks ;k rks Mwc ejrh gS ;k tgj

[kkdj Quk gks tkrh gS vkSj C;kgh vkSjr dk ifr Hkxoku gksrk gS]

[kqnk&,&etkth gksrk gSA C;kgh jk/kk vius ifr dh ugha] d`".k dh

gSA jk/kk ds 'kkSgj , ukenkj dk D;k uke FkkA eq>s ugha ekywe] gk¡

muds esgcwc dk uke nqfu;k tkurh gSA

ß;gh ugha vxj dksbZ xSj fdlh dh ek¡&cgu dh rjQ

utj mBkdj ns[k ys rks mldh vk¡[ksa fudky ysaA exj tc vtqZu

vkf'kd gks tkrs gSa d`".k dh cgu ij vkSj cki 'kknh djus dks rS;kj

xkSjryc gS fd 24 vDVwcj] 1991 dks bl fonzksgh ysf[kdk dh olh;r ds vuqlkj eqEcbZ ds panuckM+h

esa muds e`r 'kjhj dks vkx yxkdj vafre fonkbZ nh xbZ ftuesa eqt¶Qj gqlSu] fo'oukFk lpnso vkSj

jkgqy nso igq¡ps FksA ;kuh eqt¶Qj gqlSu bdykSrs eqlyeku FksA izxfr'khy dgs tkus okyh 'kckuk

vkteh] tkosn v[rj vkSj vyh ljnkj tkQjh ml oDr vius ?kjksa ls gh dgha pys x;s FksA

16


ugha gksrk rks d`".k dgrs gSa] ßeSa cgu dks cgkus ls

ykÅ¡xk vkSj rqe mls Hkxkdj ys tkukAÞ gS fdlh

ekbZ ds yky dk bruk cM+k dystk fd cgu dks

mlds esgcwc ds lkFk Hkkxus esa enn nsA ftUl

¼lsDl½ dks d`".k us rdíql ¼ifo=krk½ dk ejrck

fn;kA ;dhuu ml tekus esa Hkh vkt dh rjg

vkSjr enZ ds ckn gh mudk esy tk;t ekuk tkrk

FkkA ;kuh vkSjr enZ dk fj'rk ,d&nwljs ls yxko

ij ugha] nkSyr ds ysu&nsu ij equglj FkkA vkSjr

mldh feyfd;r ds jsoM+ [kjhn ldrk FkkA

vkSjr mldh feyfd;r cu tkrh Fkh vkSj mlds

lkFk fprk ij Qwad nh tkrh FkhA csok ¼fo/kok½

thrs th Hkh ej tkrh FkhA d`".k us jk/kk dks u lksus

ls [kjhnk] u ml ij dksbZ Nki yxkbZA calh ctkbZ

vkSj og f[kaph pyh vkbZA nqfu;k dh dksbZ rkdr mls u jksd ldhA

,slh vktknh dh felky fdlh eqYd] fdlh etgc esa ugha feyrhA

enZ dh rks feyrh gS] vkSjr dh ughaA

ßrokjh[k mBkdj ns[kks] ckn'kkg] jkts] uokc vkSjrksa ds

xksy ds xksy ikyrs gSaA D;k og mUgksaus vius I;kj dh cnkSyr ikbZ

Fkha ;k [kjhnh FkhaA yksxksa us muds flj e<+h Fkha vkSj cnyrs esa tkxhjsa

vkSj vksgns fy, FksA iÙkkckth dh rjg eka] cgu] chch] csVh dks

rq:i cuk dj ekjk FkkA d`".k us lsDl dh vktknh dks /keZ dk :i

D;ksa le>kA fdlh us ml oDr dh lkekftd ikcafn;ksa ij fjlpZ

dh gSA D;k ,slk rks ugha Fkk] tSlk fd vkt Hkh T;knkrj gS fd

vkSjr lLrh Fkh] cscl Fkh] uhao eqnkZ Fkh] eky dh rjg csph&[kjhnh

tkrh FkhA iqjkus dwM+s&ddZV dh rjg Qwad nh tkrh FkhA vkSjr vkSj

enZ dk fj'rk tc bu xrksa dks igq¡p tkrk gS rks lekt dh tguh

gkyr D;k gksrh gSA

vkSjr dks ik¡o dh twrh cukdj D;k enZ okdbZ ftUlh

¼'kkjhfjd½ vklwnxh gkfly dj ldrk gSA t:jr ls T;knk eqjxku

[kkus ls cngteh vkSj vDlj gStk gks tkrk gSA iSj dh twrh pckdj

dksbZ fuxyus yxs rks D;k isV Hkj ldsxkA jksVh dh Hkw[k ls ekSr gks

ldrh gSA exj tks jksVh dh ekj nsrs gSa] xjhcksa dk gd nckdj vius

fy, ,s'k [kjhnrs gSa] muesa ftUlh ,s'k lcls egaxs iM+rs gSa fd vkSjrksa

ds dqucs ikyus iM+rs gSaA mu dqucksa ds enZ Hkh rks ,s'k ikyrs gSaA

mUgsa Hkh vkSjrksa ds xksy pkfg,A eqYd dh nkSyr dk lcls T;knk

fgLlk gdhe vkSj muds eqlkfgcku ds fgLls esa mxrk gSA tgka&tgka

bEihfj;yhfyTe ikyk gS vkSj vc Hkh ljek;snkjksa dh lwjr esa iy

jgk gS] ogka toku Hkw[ks jgs gSaA cl pksj&Mkdw ,s'k dj ldrs gSaA

ßblh dy;qx esa d`".k iSnk gq, vkSj gtjr ewlk dh rjg

'kkgh rkdr ls cp fudys vkSj vorkj cu x;sA mUgksaus cM+s ukx

ekjsA exj gkj x;s dUgS;k th HkhA mUgsa rks iwt MkykA >we&>we dj

jk/kk d`".k ds izse ij flj /kqurs gSa] ysfdu vxj irk py tk, fd

mudh viuh chch fdlh dUgS;k ds lkFk jkl jpk jgh gS] rks mldh

ukd pksVh dh [kSj ugha vkSj dUgS;k th dh NqêhA d`".k dks iRFkj

cukdj ekFkk Vsdrs gSa] exj mudh ckuh Hkwy x;s fd vkSjr vkSj enZ

esa vxj ,d vktkn vkSj nwljk utjcan gksxk rks feyu ÝkM gksxkA

ftUl [okfg'kkr vxj ukikd gksrh rks bl fØ;k ls cM+s&cM+s iSxEcj

vkSj jlwy tSls iSnk gks ldrs FksA tc ls ftUl eu dh ekSt ds

ctk, cktkjh ftUl cu xbZ] bUlkuh tgu eL[k ¼fod`r½ gks

x;kAÞ

eSa cjsyh ds bLekfy;k xYlZ Ldwy ds eq[; njokts ds

ckgj [kM+k gw¡A ;g 'kgj ds e/; iqjkus jksMost vkSj ftyk iapk;r ls

leku nwjh ij fLFkr gSA ge Hkhrj igqapdj izkpk;Z felst peu

tgka ls eqykdkr djrs gSaA os bLer pqxrkbZ ds uke ls ifjfpr gSaA

ihNs ,d ydM+h ds cksMZ ij bLer vkik dk uke fy[kk ns[kdj ge

[kq'kh ls Hkj tkrs gSaA ;gka ntZ gS fd bl Ldwy esa os izkjaHk ls 1950

rd jghaA bl f'k{k.k laLFkku ds fy, xkSjo dh ckr gS fd mnwZ dh

;g e'kgwj vQlkukfuxkj ;gka igyh gsM feLVªsl jgh vkSj mUgksaus

bl 'kgj esa ,d dkfcy oDr xqtkjk FkkA ij ;gka bLer vkik dh

rLohj vkSj mudk lkfgR; ugha gSA

^dkxth gS iSjgu* esa mUgksaus vius ftUnxhukes dks

laf{kIr esa ntZ fd;k gS] ftlesa cjsyh ds fnuksa dh vuqxw¡t gSA cjsyh

foe'kZehfM;k

17

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

'kgj esa yM+dksa dk bLykfe;k Ldwy cukus ds ckn dqN eqfLye

f'k{kkizsfe;ksa dks yM+fd;ksa dks Hkh f'kf{kr djus dh t:jr eglwl

gqbZA rHkh ekSyoh vCnqy cnwn ^nnZ* vkSj muds fe=k fMIVh vCnqy

yrhQ] dkth eksgEen [kyhy] pkS/kjh bf'r;kd vkSj [kyhy rg

okys us ,d eqfLye xYlZ Ldwy [kksyus dk fopkj cuk;kA dqN vkSj

Hkh lkFk py iM+s] ftuesa dkth ul:íhu] dkth dqrqc] vCnqy 'kdwj

vkSj vYrkQ vyh Hkh FksA vkxs pyus okyksa esa ^nnZ* lkgc FksA os

bl 'kgj esa eqlyekukas dh rkyhe ds fy, oSls Hkh fQØean FksA fQj

Hkh muds fy, yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk ds fy, Ldwy [kksyuk vklku

dke u FkkA ij 1928 esa mUgksaus bldh uhao j[k nhA

tgk¡ vktdy ;g bLykfe;k xYlZ dkWyst gS ogha ^nnZ*

lkgc dh dksBh FkhA bls ^jSu clsjk* dgk tkrk FkkA Ldwy [kqyk rks

^nnZ* lkgc gh blds igys eSustj gks x;sA 1929 esa ^nnZ* lkgc dk

bUrdky gks x;kA blds ckn estj gq, vCnqt okftnA os yEcs

le; rd bl ftEesnkjh dks fuHkkrs jgsA [kku cgknqj 'ks[k

[kyhymíhu blds igys v/;{k cusA os 1958 rd bl in ij dk;Z

djrs jgsA 1943 esa ;wih cksMZ bykgkckn us ;gk¡ gkbZLdwy dh eatwjh

nh vkSj1960 esa fizafliy felst lbZnk djhemYykg ds dk;Zdky ds

nkSjku ;gk¡ baVjehfM;V dh i<+kbZ 'kq: gqbZA lk;jk dqjS'kh vkSj

glhuk ckth Hkh ;gk¡ fizafliy jghA lk;jk ckth dk dk;Zdky 21

o"kZ dk jgkA peu tgka 2010 ls vc rd dk;Zjr gSaA

bl fo|ky; esa 1984 esa gkbZLdwy foKku vkSj 1994 esa

baVjehfM;V esa foKku dh i<+kbZ dk flyflyk 'kq: gqvkA bLykfed

'kSyh esa bl fo|ky; dk eq[; njoktk Hkksiky ds phQ ,Dth;wfVo

fy;kdr vyh us cuok;k FkkA orZeku esa ;gk¡ 3000 Nk=kk;sa f'k{kk

izkIr dj jgh gSaA Hkhrj ,d iqjkuk iq[rk uhe dk nj[r flj mBk;s

[kM+k gSA ge mls gljr ls ns[krs gSaA dksbZ O;fDr mldh mez

pkyhl&ipkl o"kZ crkrk gSA yxrk gS fd ;g Hkh bLer vkik ds

mu fnuksa dh dSfQ;r c;ka djus dks rS;kj ugha gSA eq[; }kj ls

fudyrs gq, gesa Åij dh rjQ dqjku dk ,d okD; fy[kk fn[kkbZ

iMrk gS& ^, esjs jc eq>s bYe T;knk nsA*

^mYVs ckal cjsyh* bLer vkik dk cjsyh ds fnuksa dk

vuks[kk ;knukek gS] ftlesa mudh ftanxh dh tíkstgn] rtqckZr

vkSj lksp ds cs'kqekj [kkds gSaA cjsyh ls tqM+h mudh ;knksa ds dgu esa

mudk tTck Hkh Nyd&Nyd vkrk gS ftls nqgjkus esa gesa lq[k dh

vuqHkwfr gks jgh gSA ge bl fo|ky; esa bLer vkik ds dneksa ds

fu'kku vkSj mudh vkgV ryk'k djrs gSaA ge fdlh iqjkus /kwy

[kk;s jftLVj ds lkQs ij ml bekjr dks <aw<uk pkgrs gSa] ftls

mUgksaus cjsyh ds mu fnuksa esa dgha ntZ dj fn;k FkkA bLer vkik

rc rqe dSlh jgh gksxhA os iy tc rqe cjsyh LVs'ku ij igqaph] fQj

bl fo|ky; esa jgh vkSj ,d vjls ckn ;gka ls vyhx<+ ds fy,

izLFkku dj xbZA vkt ge rqEgkjs g:Qksa ls rqEgkjk gh ,d vDl

x<+us dh vk/kh&v/kwjh dksf'k'k dj jgs gSaA

;gk¡ mudh ftUnxh ds cs'kqekj cjd QSys iM+s gSa] ij mUgsa

vc rd fdlh us i<+k ughaA mUgsa ckapuk vklku Hkh ugha gSA mUgksaus

tks dqN fy[kk mls lkeus j[kdj ,d 'kgj ds eqfLye lekt vkSj

f'k{kk dh dqN /kqa/kyh rLohjksa ls ge :c: gks ldrs gSaA lc dqN

cgqr lkQxksbZ ls mdsjk] dgk x;k gSA ftanxh dh ekfuna cksyrk

ctkrk gqvk u dksbZ nqjko&fNiko] u gh cukoVhiuA

bLer pqxrkbZ bl Ldwy dh igyh gsM feLVªsl cuhaA

ysfdu ;g tkudkjh ugha feyh fd mudh fu;qfDr dc gqbZA fQj

Hkh irk yxrk gS os ;gka 1950 rd jghaA bl 'kgj esa xqtkjs oDr ls

mUgksaus tks dqN lh[kk og ckn esa cgqr dke vk;kA D;k bl Ldwy esa

bLer vkik ds ftanxhukes dh dksbZ txg gks ldrh gSA bLer us

Hkkjrh; lekt ds :f<+oknh thou ewY;ksa vkSj f?klh&fiVh

fytkfyth ijEijkvksa dks vius ys[ku vkSj ftanxh ls rkj&rkj dj

fn;k FkkA u, lekt ds fuekZ.k ds fy, os yM+fd;ksa ds fy;s ftl

rjg dh f'k{kk vkSj [kkldj [kqys tsgu dh i{k/kj Fkha] D;k ml

fn'kk esa bl f'k{kk laLFkku dks vkxs c<+dj dke ugha djuk pkfg,A

crk;k ;g Hkh tkuk pkfg, fd bLer vkik dh [kqn

viuh ftUnxh dk <kapk fdl rjg dM+h&nj&dM+h fufeZr gqvk Fkk

vkSj bls mudh d`fr;ksa ls xqtjdj gh Bhd ls tkuk&phUgk tk

ldrk gSA mudk ^dkxth gS iSjgu* flQZ ?ksjksa ls fudyrh&rksM+rh

mudh ftanxh dk vkbZuk ugha] cfYd og rRdkyhu eqfLye lekt

dh ,d ,slh rLohj Hkh gS] tgka inZs] cafn'ksa vkSj ?kqVu ds chp

yM+fd;ksa dk ikyu&iks"k.k gksrk FkkA ;g d`fr ,d rjg ls bLer

vkik dk la?k"kZukek Hkh gSA lPpk] [kjk vkSj lkglh gksdj ;g

ns[kuk lpeqp cgqr jksekapd gS fd muds :i esa ,d yM+dh fdl

rjg viuh ftnksa ds pyrs vius Hkhrj ls ,d ubZ L=kh dks tUe nsrh

gS vkSj tks vkxs pydj vktkn [;ky vkSj lkglh mnwZ dh e'kgwj

vQlkukfuxkj cu tkrh gSA6& iou fogkj] Qst& 5] foLrkj]

iksLV& :gsy[k.M fo'ofo|ky;]

cjsyh& 262201 ¼m-iz-½

eks- 09837259693

18


d yM+dh] tks ns'k ds izeq[k dkjksckjh ifjokj ls rkYyqd

j[krh gks] 18 lky dh mez esa ftldh 'kknh ,d laiUu

m|ksxifr ifjokj esa gks xbZ gks] mldk thou dSlk gksuk pkfg,A

vkids fy, tokc vklku gksxkA vkjke dh ftanxh vkSj

ikfjokfjd thouA ysfdu ogka ls fudydj vxj dksbZ yM+dh

Hkkjr dh lcls vehj vkSj lcls 'kfä'kkyh efgykvksa esa viuk

LFkku cuk ys] rks mls vki D;k dgsaxsA lksfp, er] oks flQZ ,d

uke gh gks ldrk gS--- 'kksHkuk Hkjfr;kA

4 tuojh] 1957 dks dksydkrk esa tUeh 'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k

ml ifjokj ls okLrk j[krh gSa] ftlus Hkkjr esa viuh vyx igpku

cukbZ gSA fcMyk ifjokj dh ijaijk ds vuqlkj gh mudk ykyu&

ikyu gqvkA tc Ldwy tkus dk le; vk;k] rks firk ds-ds- fcMyk

us viuh csVh dks fcMyk lewg ds Ldwyksa esa ugha HkstkA dkj.k lkQ

Fkk fd fcMyk dh csVh gksus ds dkj.k mUgsa ogka dbZ fj;k;rsa feysaxhA

Vksuh yksjsVks gkml ls dkWUosaV Ldwy esa 'kksHkuk us i<+kbZ dh vkSj

yksjsVks dkWyst ls Lukrd esa fMxzhA

18 lky dh gqbZa] rks ';ke lqanj Hkjfr;k ls 'kknh gks xbZA

;s ogha ';ke lqanj Hkjfr;k gSa tks vkt T;wfcfy;saV xzqi ds lw=k/kkj

gSaA 'kknh ds ckn 'kksHkuk dh ftanxh ets esa dV jgh FkhA ?kj vkSj

ifjokj esa 'kksHkuk exu gks pqdh FkhaA nks csVksa ds iSnk gksus ds ckn rks

'kksHkuk dk iwjk le; vius cPpksa ds fy, FkkA ij 1981 esa mudh

ftanxh esa cM+k cnyko vk;kA ifr ';ke Hkjfr;k us mÙkjizns'k esa

QSDVªh dh LFkkiuk dh vkSj Hkjfr;k ifjokj fnYyh vk x;kAcsVs cM+s gks jgs Fks vkSj vc 'kksHkuk ds ikl le; gh le;

FkkA bl nkSjku ds-ds- fcMyk viuh daifu;ka viuh csfV;ksa dks

,

'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k% rjDdh dks pkfg, u;k utfj;k

lky 1986 esa tc 'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k ,pVh ehfM;k esa Mk;jsDVj cuha] rc og Hkkjr esa fdlh

v[kckj dh igyh efgyk eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh FkhaA ml le; muds lkeus cM+h pqukSrh

Fkh fgUnqLrku VkbEl dh ijaijk,a vkSj muds vuq:i cnykoA ml le; fgUnqLrku VkbEl

fnYyh dk uacj ou v[kckj FkkA 'kksHkuk us xqipqi rjhds ls vkarfjsd O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj

djuk 'kq: fd;k vkSj /khjs&/khjs ,pVh vkSj fgUnqLrku ds laLdj.k c<+kus esa tqV xbZaA

L=h 'kfDr- -2

vadqj fot;oxhZ;

foe'kZehfM;k

19

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

lkSaius dk eu cuk pqds FksA

'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k dh jktuhfr esa #fp

ns[kdj mUgksaus fgUnqLrku VkbEl dh ckxMksj

laHkkyus dk ftEek 'kksHkuk dks fn;kA lky 1986

esa tc 'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k ,pVh ehfM;k esa

Mk;jsDVj cuha] rc og Hkkjr esa fdlh v[kckj

dh igyh efgyk eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh FkhaA

ml le; muds lkeus cM+h pqukSrh Fkh fgUnqLrku

VkbEl dh ijaijk,a vkSj muds vuq:i cnykoA

ml le; fgUnqLrku VkbEl fnYyh dk uacj ou

v[kckj FkkA 'kksHkuk us xqipqi rjhds ls

vkarfjsd O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj djuk 'kq: fd;k vkSj

/khjs&/khjs ,pVh vkSj fgUnqLrku ds laLdj.k

c<+kus esa tqV xbZaA

vxLr 2005 esa fgUnqLrku VkbEl ds

eqacbZ laLdj.k dh ykafpax ds ladsr nsrs gq, ,pVh ehfM;k us iwath

cktkj esa nLrd nhA ml le; 'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k us ,pVh dh 20

Qhlnh bfDoVh gsaMjlu Xykscy ¼vkWLVªsfy;k dh cSafdax] chek vkSj

isa'ku {ks=k esa lfØ; daiuh½ vkSj flVh xzqi dks csphA blds lkFk gh

,pVh ns'k dk igyk fizaV ehfM;k lewg gks x;k] ftlus lcls igys

fons'kh iwath fuos'k tqVk;kA

nqfu;k dh izfrf"Br fctusl if=kdk QksClZ us Hkh Hkkjr ds

100 lcls vehj yksxksa dh lwph esa mUgsa txg nh gSA Hkkjr ds 100

eksLV ikojQqy yksxksa dh lwph esa Hkh mudk uke 'kqekj gSA lky

2005 esa mUgsa in~eJh ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA lky 2006 esa ;wih,

ljdkj us mUgsa jkT;lHkk lnL; ds :i esa euksuhr fd;kA lky

1992 esa mUgsa us'kuy izsl bafM;k vokMZ ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA

lky 1996 esa oYMZ bdksuksfed Qksje esa mUgsa Xykscy yhMj vkWQ

Vqekjks vokMZ ls uoktk x;kA 2001 esa 'kksHkuk dks fctusl owesu

vkWQ n bZ;j dk iqjLdkj feykA blds vykok mUgsa fctusl owesu

vokMZ] bdksukWfeDl VkbEl vokMZ vkSj ,aVjfizU;ksj vkWQ n bZ;j

iqjLdkj ls Hkh lEekfur fd;k tk pqdk gSA

vkt fgUnqLrku VkbEl ehfM;k fyfeVsM dh ps;jilZu

vkSj ,fMVksfj;y Mk;jsDVj ds rkSj ij 'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k us lewg dks

mu cqyafn;ksa ij igqapk fn;k gS] ftldk [okc dHkh ds-ds- fcMyk

vkSj th-Mh- fcMyk us ns[kk FkkA 'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k us viuh js[kk cM+h

dh gSA nwljksa dk dn NksVk dj cM+Iiu ugha tqVk;k gSA fgUnqLrku

VkbEl] fgUnqLrku] feaV vkSj Qhoj 104 ,Q,e ds lkFk 'kksHkuk

yxkrkj vkxs c<+rh tk jgh gSaA

ys[kd ;qok i=kdkj gSa vkSj fnYyh esa jgrs gSaA

4 tuojh] 1957 dks dksydkrk esa tUeh 'kksHkuk Hkjfr;k ml ifjokj ls okLrk j[krh gSa]

ftlus Hkkjr esa viuh vyx igpku cukbZ gSA fcMyk ifjokj dh ijaijk ds vuqlkj gh

mudk ykyu& ikyu gqvkA tc Ldwy tkus dk le; vk;k] rks firk ds-ds- fcMyk us viuh

csVh dks fcMyk lewg ds Ldwyksa esa ugha HkstkA dkj.k lkQ Fkk fd fcMyk dh csVh gksus ds

dkj.k mUgsa ogka dbZ fj;k;rsa feysaxhA

20


rphr esa vuks[kk viukiu] vkokt esa xeZtks'kh] ygtk okstks yacs le; ds fy, Nki NksM+ tk;sA muls eqykdkr dh ;s

oks lcls igyh ckrsa gSa tks Hkwyrh ughaA fQj ;kn vkrk gS lknxhHkjk ij viuh gh vyx Nki NksM+us okyk igukok] ekFks ij ,dfcanh vkSj vk¡[kksa esa xtc dh pedA vkt 75 ds o;l dh ;s oksefgyk gS ftl ls Bhd ianzg lky igys Hkksiky fLFkr ek[kuykyprqosZnh fo'ofo|ky; esa feyus ds ckn ls gh MsoyiesaV tuZfyTedh vksj esjk #>ku cuk FkkA gjlwn ls ysdj fVgjh rd vkSj fnYyh

ls ysdj iwoksZÙkj rd m"kk dh dye us lkekftd eqíksa dk HkjiwjihNk fd;k gSA m"kk jk; ;Fkk uke rFkk xq.kA m"kk lh gh ped] oksgh ldkjkRedrk vkSj tks'k bruk fd psgjs ij vuqHko dh lyoVrks fQj Hkh gYdh&Qqydh fn[krh gS ij Fkdku dk ukeksfu'kku ughaAftanxh ,l,p;wvkj;w,,Vh esa ljy vkSj fQj tfVy gksrh pyhx;hA firk ljdkjh deZpkjh Fks blfy, txg txg LFkkukarj.k dsdkj.k eqacbZ] fnYyh] iVuk] bykgkckn vkSj ukxiqj ds dkUosaV vkSjfe'kujh Ldwy vkSj dkWyst ls i<+kbZ dhA rhu cguksa vkSj nks HkkbZ ds

m"kk dh ;k=kk cM+s v[kckjksa ds ckn Hkh tkjh jghA 'kknh VwVus ds ckn Hkh nksuksa cPpksa dh

ftEesnkjh eqLdqjkdj fuHkkus okyh m"kk dgrh gSa êsjh U;wt fjiksVZ~l ij Nih esjh ckbZykbu

esjh ÅtkZ dk ,d cM+k lzksr curh x;hA bu ckbZ ykbal us gh eq>s varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij

lkekftd eqíksa dh fjiksfVaZx dk ekSdk Hkh fnyok;k vkSj dkWUÝsalsl esa Hkkxhnkjh dk HkhA

xk¡oksa vkSj eqíksa dks vYQkt nsrh m"kk jk;

L=h 'kfDr- -3

'ksQkyh prqoZsnh

ck

foe'kZehfM;k

21

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

chp m"kk VkWe ckW; FkhA cSMfeaVu dh ,d ,slh csgrjhu f[kykM+hftls jsyos us Hkh blfy, ukSdjh dk izLrko ns Mkyk fd oks mudhvksj ls [ksy ik;sA bl i`"BHkwfe esa iyh c<+h m"kk] i=kdkfjrk dhvksj vpkud gh ugha eqM+hA vka/kzizns'k ds usYyksj esa muds ukukvktknh ls igys fczfV'k gqdwer ds f[kykQ v/;;u lkexzh dkizdk'ku fd;k djrs FksA viuh ukuh ls ukuk ds fczfV'k lkezkT; dsf[kykQ la?k"kZ dh dgkfu;k¡ m"kk cpiu esa cM+s pko ls lquk djrhFkhA 60 ds n'kd esa i=kdkfjrk dks vius Hkfo"; ds :i esa pqu ysukdksbZ NksVk fu.kZ; ugha Fkk D;ksafd rc fdlh efgyk ds fy, ;s cgqrvklku dke ugha Fkk vkSj u gh bl ls dksbZ XySej tqM+k gqvk FkkAm"kk dks ckrphr dk 'kkSd Fkk] vPNk fy[k&i<+ ysrh Fkh vkSj yksxksals feyus dk cM+k pko FkkA ;s gh oks pkfjf=kd xq.k Fks ftlus mUgsafjiksfVaZx ls bl dnj tksM+k fd fdlh u fdlh :i esa ;s tqM+ko vcrd cjdjkj gSA tSls&tSls v[kckj esa le; chrrk x;k ekuoh;ljksdkjksa ls m"kk dh utnhdh c<+rh x;hA 'kq#vkrh 8 lkyksa esaVkbEl vkWQ bafM;k esa dk;Zdky ds nkSjku laikndh; foHkkx dhvdsyh efgyk gksus ds ukrs dbZ ckj vyx ckFk:e tSlh ewyHkwrt:jrksa dh Hkh ijs'kkuh gks tk;k djrh FkhA mu fnuksa dh ;kn djrsgq, m"kk eqLdqjkdj dgrh gSa ^lcdks yxrk Fkk fd tSls gh dksbZle`) vkSj jlw[knkj ifjokj ls esjh 'kknh gksxh] i=kdkfjrk ij viusvki fojke yx tk,xkA* fMikVZesaV dh vdsyh efgyk gksus dsdkj.k QS'ku 'kks] Qwyksa dh izn'kZuh] fp=kdyk izn'kZuh tSlh LVksjh ghm"kk dh >ksyh esa vkrh FkhA T;knk xaHkhj fjiksfVaZx dh yyd dspyrs tc m"kk us gn ls T;knk ncko Mkyk rks ijks{k fjiksVZj dhHkwfedk fuHkkus yxhA iqfyl daVªksy :e] vLirky oxSjg ls [kcfj,lc ls igys [kcj m"kk rd igqapkus yxs] oks U;wt czsd djrh vkSjnwljk fjiksVZj mldh fjiksfVaZxA /khjs&/khjs fnYyh fpfM+;k?kj vkSj

i;kZoj.k ls tqM+s dqN vkSj eqíksa ij fy[kus dh vktknh feyh vkSjfQj oks fodkl ds eqíksa dh vksj c<+ fudyhA m"kk vc f'k{kk]LokLF;] tehuh vkanksyuksa dks doj dj jgh FkhaA mudh fjiksVZ~l dksigys gh iUus ij txg fey jgh FkhA efgykvksa ls tqM+s eqíksa ij m"kkdh idM+ bl dnj etcwr Fkh fd efgyk,a m"kk dk uacj [kkstdjmUgsa lwpuk,¡ nsus yxhaA pkgs oks jk"Vªh; efgyk vk;ksx dh LFkkiukgks] e/;izns'k esa ueZnk ij cuus okys cka/k ds dkj.k ,d iwjs xk¡ogjlwn dk mtM+uk gks ;k fQj fVgjh ds dkj.k gqvk foLFkkiu gh D;w¡u gks m"kk dh utj vkSj dye gj oDr rRij FkhA xzkmaM thjks lsm"kk dh fjiksfVaZx vfojke tkjh jghA VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k esa 27lky dh ,d cM+h ikjh ds ckn tc m"kk dks izfrQy leqfpr ughayxs rks bafM;u ,Dlizsl viuh 'krksaZ ij igqaphA vc oks ogk¡ ,diwjk iUuk fodkl laca/kh eqíksa ij fudkyus dh ftEesnkjh fuHkk jghFkh] vkSj gks Hkh D;w¡ u ^fodkl laiknd ^dk inHkkj tks [kqn ekax djfy;k FkkA fQj /khjs&/khjs oks iUuk ,d dkWye esa fleV x;k vkSjm"kk us v[kckj NksM+ fn;kA m"kk dh ;k=kk cM+s v[kckjksa ds ckn Hkhtkjh jghA 'kknh VwVus ds ckn Hkh nksuksa cPpksa dh ftEesnkjheqLdqjkdj fuHkkus okyh m"kk dgrh gSa êsjh U;wt fjiksVZ~l ij Nihesjh ckbZykbu esjh ÅtkZ dk ,d cM+k lzksr curh x;hA bu ckbZykbal us gh eq>s varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij lkekftd eqíksa dh fjiksfVaZxdk ekSdk Hkh fnyok;k vkSj dkWUÝsalsl esa Hkkxhnkjh dk HkhAv[kckjksa vkSj dkWUÝsalsl ds vykok m"kk yxkrkj fofHkUu lkekftdlaxBuksa ds fy, MkWD;qesaVs'ku dk dke] i=kdkjksa dks fodklijdfjiksfVaZx ds izf'k{k.k vkSj ikWiqys'ku QkmaMs'ku vkWQ bafM;k vkSj;w,uMhih tSls laxBuksa ds fy;s ,M~l tSls eqíksa ij 'kks/kijd fdrkcHkh fy[k pqdh gSaA vkt Hkh tc vki vkSj ge m"kk jk; dh thou;k=kk i<+ vkSj le> jgs gSa] ,d i=kdkj ds rkSj ij m"kk dh dyedh /kkj vkSj j¶rkj cjdjkj gSA vius fe=k jfld fgekuh ds [kq'kcwvkSj b=k ds lalkj esa 50 lky dh ;k=kk ij m"kk dh fdrkc vDVwcjesa cktkj esa vkus dks rS;kj gS] i=kdkjksa ds izf'k{k.k tkjh gSA lclsT;knk dqN vc Hkh mUgsa [kq'kh ns jgk rks oks gS ckbZykbu ds lkFkv[kckj esa ys[k dks txg feyukA m"kk Hkys gh vc vius ?kqVuksa dhrdyhQ ds dkj.k cSMfeaVu uk [ksy ikrh gksa] ij fodkl ds eqíksa ijmuds ys[k mUgsa ,d pSfEi;u ds rkSj ij LFkkfir dj pqds gSaA^Fkdrh ugha D;k\* bl loky dk tokc vkidks rqjar feysxkA^fodkl ds eqíksa ij fy[kuk pkgks vkSj xkaoksa esa ?kwedj] yksxksa lsfeydj gh Fkd tkvks rks fy[kksxs dSls\* ckbZ ykbal gSa uk----tks'kcuk, j[kus dksA

ysf[kdk 13 lky ls jsfM;ks czkWMdkLV izksQs'kuy gSaaA orZeku esa chchlh

ehfM;k ,D'ku ds lkFk dk;Zjr gSaA

22


yqxq ehfM;k&txr esa izks- lh- e`.kkfGuh ds uke o psgjs ls

vifjfpr yksx dksbZ 'kk;n gh fey ik,axsA vkt Hkys gh os

iksfê Jhjkeqyq rsyqxq fo'ofo|ky;] gSnjkckn esa rqyukRed lkfgR;

foHkkx dh izksQslj gSa rFkk dbZ vU; izfrf"Br ftEesnkfj;ksa] inksa dh

'kksHkk c<+k jgh gSa] exj mudh lfØ;rk vkt Hkh ehfM;k esa gSA

rsyqxq ds fdlh u fdlh Vh-oh- pSuy esa vk, fnu mudh mifLFkfr

utj vkrh gSA mudk eqLdqjkrk psgjk Vh-oh- n'kZdksa ds fy, fpj

ifjfpr gSA

vkpk;kZ e`.kkfGuh us fo|kFkhZ thou esa gh jsfM;ks dh lsok

dhA 19 o"kZ dh vk;q esa tc os LukrdksÙkj dh i<+kbZ djrh Fkha]

gSnjkckn vkdk'kok.kh dsanz esa ;qokok.kh rsyqxq dk;ZØeksa ds fy,

fu;fer :i ls mn~?kks"kd dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus dk ekSdk yxkrkj

ik¡p&Ng o"kZ feyrk jgkA jsfM;ks ukVdksa] jpukvksa ds ys[ku lfgr

muesa fdjnkj fuHkkus esa Hkh os lfØ; FkhaA i<+kbZ ds ckn lq[;kr

fQYe funsZ'kd o HkwriwoZ lkaln nklfj ukjk;.k jko }kjk mUgha ds

laiknu esa izdkf'kr ^mn;e* rsyqxq nSfud lekpkji=k esa

mi&laiknd izf'k{kq ds :i esa 'kkfey gksdj e`.kkfGuh th us eq[;

mi laiknd dh inksUufr gkfly dh FkhA rRi'pkr~ mlh v[kckj ds

,d laLdj.k dh izHkkjh ds :i esa Hkh mUgksaus 7 o"kZ rd ftEesnkjh

fuHkk;h FkhA mu fnuksa esa dbZ izeq[k gfLr;ksa ls eq[kkfrc gksdj muds

lk{kkRdkj Hkh fy;k Fkk] ,slh gfLr;ksa esa izoh.k lqYrkuk ¼fganqLrkuh

laxhr½] l¶nj gk'keh ¼fFk,Vj½] vks-ih- uS;j ¼fganh fQYe laxhr

funsZ'kd½] ckyeqjyh d`".k ¼varjjk"Vªh; [;kfr izkIr dukZVd

laxhrdkj½ vkfn 'kkfey gSaA

dbZ ftEesnkfj;k¡ fuHkkrs gq, ¼fo'ofo|ky; esa v/;kiu

lfgr½ rhl lky dh vk;q esa Vh-oh- ehfM;k ds lkFk tqM+ xbZaA

gSnjkckn nwjn'kZu ij rsyqxq esa lcls igys VkWd 'kks nsus dh [;kfr Hkh

mUgsa feyhA vkt rd nwjn'kZu ij lglzkf/kd dk;ZØeksa esa 'kkfey

gqbZ gSa] ftuesa lk{kkRdkj] lkfgfR;d dk;ZØe] jktuhfrd fo'ys"k.k]

VkWd 'kks] efgykvksa ds eqís vkfn esa lfØ; utj vkrh jgrh gSaA

nwjn'kZu ds vykok bZ&Vhoh 2] Vhoh 9] ek Vhoh] tsfeuh Vhoh] ofurk

Vhoh vkfn pSuyksa esa os yxkrkj viuh lsok,¡ miyC/k djk jgh gSaA

ehfM;k txr dh izfrf"Br ch-ch-lh- ds lkFk Hkh muds

rsyqxq ehfM;k dks izks- lh- e`.kkfGuh dh nsu

bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ds lkFk vVwV laca/kch-ch-lh dh lsok Hkh--

rsyqxw ehfM;k dk ukeoj psgjk gSa izks- lh- e`.kkf uhG

fo'ofo|ky; Lrj ij lkfgR; f'k{kd gksus ds ckotwn os viuh izo`fÙk ls ehfM;k ds txr esa lnk

lfØ; gSaA rsyqxq Vhoh insZ ij fofHkUu pSuyksa ij mudh lfØ;rk utj vkrh gS] os jsfM;ks dh vf/kd

'kkSdhu gSaA viuh oSpkfjd psruk ls os Vhoh pSuyksa ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa esa viuh leL;kvksa ls

fuiVus dh izsj.kk vkSj vkRefo'okl iSnk djrh jgrh gSaA

L=h 'kfDr- -4

lh-t;'kadj ckcw

rs

foe'kZehfM;k

23

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

laca/k LFkkfir gq, FksA 1994 pquko ds nkSjku oYMZ U;wt dk;ZØe ds

varxZr rsyqxq lekpkj okpd dh ftEesnkjh mUgksaus fuHkk;h FkhA ;g

muds fy, ,d vuwBk vuqHko jgk] ftl nkSjku ch-ch-lh- ds

izlkj.k Vhe ds lkFk laidZ lk/kus dk ekSdk yxkrkj feyrk jgkA

rsyqxq nSfud v[kckj ôkrkZ*] ^vka/kz T;ksfr* rFkk vaxzsth

nSfud ^bafM;u ,Dlizsl* ds fu;fer LraHkdkj ds :i esa Hkh mUgksaus

lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkk;hA mudk LraHk&ys[ku vkt iqLrd ds :i esa

Hkh miyC/k gks jgk gSA

o"kZ 2006 ls 2009 ds chp oYMZ Lisl mixzg jsfM;ks pSuy

¼ftldk eq[;ky; vesfjdk ds okf'kaxVu esa gS½ dh funs'kd ds :i

esa ^jsfM;ks Lianuk* ds fy, mUgksaus viuh ewY;oku lsok,¡ nh gSaA

^panekek* dgkfu;ksa ds 24 ,filksM tks jsfM;ks ds fy, mUgksaus fy[ks]

mUgha dk;ZØeksa dks o"kZ 2008 ds nkSjku 30 jsfM;ks pSuyksa dh rqyuk

esa Js"B uohurkiw.kZ 'kks gksus dh [;kfr Hkh feyh] ftldh otg ls

mUgsa rhu jk"Vªh; iqjLdkjksa ls uoktk x;k FkkA

is'ks ls fo'ofo|ky; Lrj ij lkfgR; f'k{kd gksus ds

ckotwn os viuh izo`fÙk ls ehfM;k ds txr esa lnk lfØ; gSaA

gkykafd rsyqxq Vhoh insZ ij fofHkUu pSuyksa ij mudh lfØ;rk utj

vkrh gS] os jsfM;ks dh vf/kd 'kkSdhu gSaA viuh oSpkfjd psruk ls

os Vhoh pSuyksa ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa esa viuh leL;kvksa ls

fuiVus dh izsj.kk vkSj vkRefo'okl iSnk djrh jgrh gSaA

ehfM;k ds eqfnzr vkSj bysDVªkWfud :iksa ds lkFk yxkrkj

lfØ; tqM+s jgus vkSj rsyqxq pSuyksa ds ek/;e ls Vh-oh- ds insZ ij os

vDlj lfØ; utj vkus ds ckotwn os Vh-oh- dks cq)w cDls ds :i

esa gh ekurh gSa vkSj mudh T;knk #fp jsfM;ks ds izfr gSA

e`.kkfyuh th fofHkUu varjjk"Vªh; lEesyuksa esa vkeaf=kr

gksdj phu] ekfj'kl] lSuÝSfUlLdks] eysf'k;k vkfn dbZ fons'k

;k=kk,¡ dh gSaA

e`.kkfGuh th ,d vkn'kZ f'kf{kdk gksus ds lkFk&lkFk

dFkkdkj] vkykspd vkSj lQy vuqoknd Hkh gSaA budh 15 ls

vf/kd fr;k¡ izdkf'kr gqbZ gSa ftlesa ^LoraR;kZfufd 50 jkstqyq*

¼chchlh dh vaxzsth d`fr dk rsyqxq vuqokn½] ^dksefy xaxk/kje*

¼dFkk&laxzg½] îzfr /ofu* ¼lkfgfR;d fuca/k ladyu½] ^ldy*

¼vkykspukRed d`fr½] ^fu''kCn foIyokyq* ¼xzhd ,oa Hkkjrh;

lkfgR; esa efgykvksa dh fLFkfr ij rqyukRed fuca/k ladyu½]

^bafrgkle* ¼ikSjkf.kd efgyk i=kksa ij dsafnzr ys[kksa dk ladyu½

vkfn izeq[k gSaA

jkfcu 'kekZ] xqytkj] vkj-ds- ukjk;.k vkfn dh d`fr;ksa

ds rsyqxq esa vuqokn Hkh fd;k gS] tks izdkf'kr gq, gSaA vkWDlksQksMZ

;wfuoflZVh izsl ls Hkkjrh; lkfgR; ds ,d vkxkeh ladyu ds fy,

Hkh bUgksaus viuk jpukRed lg;ksx fn;k gSA buds 200 ls vf/kd

'kks/k vkys[k Hkh izdkf'kr gq, gSaA

e`.kkfGuh th nks o"kZ rd dsanzh; fQYe lsUlj cksMZ dh

lnL;k jgh gSaA ;wuhlsQ dh ehfM;k v/;;u cksMZ dh lnL;k Hkh gSaA

fQygky os lkfgR; vdkneh ds lkekU; ifj"kn dh lnL;k ¼rsyqxq½

Hkh gSaA lkfgR; vdkneh dh ^vusdk* ifj;kstuk esa laikndh;

lnL; dh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA rsyqxq fo'ofo|ky; ds fo'odks'k

ifj;kstuk dh funs'kd dh ftEesnkjh Hkh os fuHkk jgh gSaA

ôqeu vkWQ esuh jksYt* ¼dbZ Hkwfedkvksa dh efgyk½ ds

'kh"kZd ls ^fn fganw* nSfud esa izdkf'kr fo'ks"k lk{kkRdkj esa L=khokn

ds laca/k esa vius fopkj izdV djrs gq, mUgksaus dgk gS] ßL=khokn

dk eryc iq#"k fojks/kh cudj jg tkuk ugha gSA mldk eryc

iq#"kksa dks bl n`f"V ls enn djus ls gSa fd os ;g eglwl djsa fd

efgyk,¡ Hkh iq#"kksa ds gh cjkcj gSa vkSj muds lkFk izse vkSj vknj

dk O;ogkj gks rFkk mUgsa leku volj fn, tkus pkfg,AÞ

e`.kkfyuh th vius Vh-oh- dk;ZØeksa ds ek/;e ls

efgykvksa dh leL;kvksa ds fy, lek/kku n'kkZus ds lkFk&lkFk

dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls fuiVus vkSj lkgl ds lkFk dke ysus dh

izsj.kk vkSj vkRefo'okl ds lkFk vkxs c<+us dh psruk iSnk djus esa

fof'k"V Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gSaA

lfØ; LraHkdkj

oYMZ Lisl mixzg jsfM;ks pSuy dh funs'kd ds :i esa--

ehfM;k lsokvksa ds fy, vU; iqjLdkj

jsfM;ks esa gh cM+h #fp

fons'k&;k=kk,¡

lfØ; ysf[kdk] dFkkdkj] vkykspd vkSj lQy

vuqoknd Hkh--

dbZ cM+h ftEesnkfj;k¡

efgykvksa dh leL;kvksa ds izfr

lpsr o lfØ; Hkwfedk

—

laiknd] ^;qx ekul*] dk;Zdkjh laiknd] ^vkarj Hkkjrh*

lgk;d vkpk;Z] fganh foHkkx] ikafMPpsjh fo'ofo|ky;] iqnqPpsjh 605014

bZ&esy& eksckby [email protected]

24


c ;g dkWye izdkf'kr gksxk rks laHko gS fd vksYxk

eq>ls ckr djuk can nsA gks ldrk gS fd bl rjg

gekjh 45 lky nksLrh VwV tk,A ysfdu eSa ;g tksf[ke mBkrs gq,

[kq'k gwa D;kasfd vksYxk dh dbZ miyfC/k;ka tks ljkgh ugha tk

ldha] mudk nLrkost ds :i esa izLrqr fd;k tkuk t:jh gSA

fiNys fnuksa vksYxk vius vfHkuanu lekjksg esa [kqn dks izpkfjr

djus ls cprh jghA

;g vfHkuanu lekjksg xqjchj flag lfgr vksYxk

VSfyl ds v[kckjh nqfu;k ls tqM+s iz'kaldksa us vk;ksftr fd;k

FkkA xqjchj flag us vdYiuh; tkudkjh iksLV dh fd vksYxk 4

vxLr dks 75 lky dh gks xbZA mudh eksVh x.kuk ds fglkc ls

vksYxk ds i=kdkfjrk ds 50 lky iwjs gks pqds gSaA ;g ,d

egRoiw.kZ ehy dk iRFkj gS vkSj mUgsa lsyhczsV fd;s tkus ;ksX;

gSA ysfdu ;g dksbZ vk'p;Z dh ckr ugha Fkh fd tc muds dqN

nksLrksa us blds ckjs esa tkudkjh iksLV dh vkSj vksYxk us bl

lEeku ls bUdkj dj fn;kA mUgksaus xqjchj ls dgk fd ;g

vdYiuh; gSA eSa vfHkuanu Lohdkj ugha djrhA eSa vius dke

ls I;kj djrh gwa vkSj mlds fy, vfHkuafnr fd;s tkus ls dke

dh xfjek ?kVrh gSA dì;k ofj"B i=kdkjksa dk lEesyu dhft, ;k

,slk gh dqN dhft, ysfdu vfHkuanu ughaA eSa ugha vkÅ¡xhA

gkykafd fdlh us Hkh ;gka rd fd izsl Dyc ds v/;{k xqjchj flag

us Hkh bl ekeys esa vksYxk ls izfrokn ugha fd;kA ysfdu tYnh esa

bl vkea=k.k dh 'kCnkoyh cny nh xbZA xqjchj flag us dgk fd bl

lekjksg dks gesa iSuy fMLd'ku ds f'kxwQs dk uke nsuk pkfg,]

njvly ge lc ;gka vksYxk ds fy, bdës gq, gSa vkSj vksYxk ,slh

gh jgh gS& usyikWfy'k yxs uk[kwu] vksBksa ij xgjh fyfifLVd] yky

egkjk"Vªh;u yqxM+h vkSj lksus ds jax dh [kku pksyh igus gq,A

ysfdu pkyhl lky igys dh vksYxk dh ckr gh dqN vyx gSA

vR;Ur gh #f<+oknh ea=kky; esa pkj bap dh tkuysok fLVfyVksl

fefu LdVZ rFkk lsalqvl tlhZ esa <sj lkjs ,fVV~;wM~l ds lkFk og

dojst ds fy, igqaprh FkhA og Hkh ml le; tc og jktuhfrd

rFkk fctusl chV dh vdsyh efgyk fjiksVZj FkhA esjh ml le; gh

muls igyh eqykdkr gqbZ FkhA os ml le; xtc dh vkd"kZd FkhA

ml le; Hkh os Østh rjhds ls dke djrh Fkh vkSj vkt Hkh oSls gh

Østh rjhds ls dke djrh gSaA os nl cts ds igys viuh MsLd

i=kdkfjrk dh deZ;ksxh% vksYxk VSfyl,f'k;u ,t dh lykgdkj laiknd dh 'kkunkj i=kdkjh; ;k=kk

os O;fDrxr efgek eaMu ls nwj jgrh gSaA mUgksaus yxkrkj vokMZ vkSj ekU;rk,¡ BqdjkbZ gSaA os i=kdkfjrk

ds izfr bruh lefiZr gSa fd ;fn vki muls fQYe] laxhr] euksjatu ds ckjs esa ckr djsa rks vkidks

muds is'kkiw.kZ joS;s ls fujk'kk gksxhA os ,d lCth ekdZsV ds chp esa jgrh gSaA og ftl edku esa jgrh

gSa muesa dksbZ fn[kkok ugha gSA

L=h 'kfDr- -5

royhu flag

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foe'kZehfM;k

25

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

'kk;n gh dHkh NksM+rh gSaA muds fy,

vius dke ls vf/kd dksbZ Hkh pht egRo

ugha j[krhA muds fy, vxyh LVksjh]

vxyh gsMykbu] vxyh ,DlDywfto gh

thou gSA ckdh dk muds fy, dksbZ

egRo ughaA os O;fDrxr efgek eaMu ls

nwj jgrh gSaA mUgksaus yxkrkj vokMZ vkSj

ekU;rk,¡ BqdjkbZ gSaA os i=kdkfjrk ds

izfr bruh lefiZr gSa fd ;fn vki muls

fQYe] laxhr] euksjatu ds ckjs esa ckr

djsa rks vkidks muds is'kkiw.kZ joS;s ls fujk'kk gksxhA os ,d lCth

ekdZsV ds chp esa jgrh gSaA og ftl edku esa jgrh gSa muesa dksbZ

fn[kkok ugha gSA ;gka rd fd dksbZ xhtj Hkh ugha gSA vksYxk vkSj esjs

chp dbZ vlk/kkj.k rjg ds la;ksx gSaA bUnz/kuq"k dh ryk'k buesa ls

,d gSA eSa nqfu;k esa dgha Hkh jgwa] vxj eSa ogka vkdk'k esa f[kyk gqvk

banz/kuq"k ns[krh gwa rks eSa vksYxk dks eSlst djrh gwaA vksYxk Hkh ,sls

gh djrh gSA ge lw;kZLr vkSj vkdk'k dks I;kj djrs gSaA mldh

NksVh lh ckyduh ,d rjg dk NksVk lk taxy gS ftlesa dbZ taxyh

ikS/ks rFkk fgfcLdl yxs gq, gSaA

fpfM+;k mlds ;gka ckdk;nk gj lky viuk ?kksalyk cuk

tkrh gSA ;s vksYxk ds okLrfod fe=k

gSaA ;gh os ^yksx* gSa ftlds fy,

vksYxk ?kj tkrh gS vkSj mlds lkFk

mldh lqcg gksrh gS D;ksafd 53 lky

igys vksYxk us viuk fny vius

lkFkh tuZfyTe dks ns fn;k FkkA eSaus

tc ft;k eksnh ls mu nl QSlyksa ds

ckjs esa iqLrd fy[kus dks dgk] ftuds

dkj.k Hkkjr cny x;k rks mUgksaus

blesa ,d QSlyk og Hkh 'kkfey fd;k

ftls vksYxk us nk;j fd;k FkkA ;g QSlyk >qXxh&cLrh okfl;ksa ds

vf/kdkjksa ds ckjs esa FkkA 1980 esa lqizhe dksVZ }kjk fn;s x;s bl

QSlys us gtkjksa >qXxhokfl;ksa dks thou ds cqfu;knh vf/kdkjksa]

vkJ; rFkk xfjek dks oS/krk iznku dh FkhA eSaus tc vksYxk dks ;g

crk;k rks og [kq'k gqbZA ysfdu [kqn ds fy, ugha cfYd mu

>qXxhokfl;ksa ds fy, ftudh yM+kbZ mUgksaus yM+h FkhA vkt ds ;qx esa

tc v/kZf'kf{kr dkWye f?kLlw Hkh in~eJh tSls jk"Vªh; iqjLdkjksa ds

fy, ykWfcax djrs fn[krs gSa vksYxk dks viuh ftUnxh esa le>kSrk

ukilUn gSAysf[kdk iz[;kr i=kdkj ,oa LraHkdkj gSaA

26


lk/kuk dk lEeku% ofj"B i=kdkj vksYxk VSfyl ds viuh vk;q ds 75 o"kZ rFkk lfØ; i=kdkfjrk ds 50 o"kZ iw.kZ djus ij eqEcbZ izsl Dyc us mUgsa lEekfur fd;kA

os i=kdkfjrk ds izfr bruh lefiZr gSa fd ;fn vki

muls fQYe] laxhr] euksjatu ds ckjs esa ckr djsa rks

vkidks muds is'kkiw.kZ joS;s ls fujk'kk gksxhA fpfM+;k

mlds ;gka ckdk;nk gj lky viuk ?kksalyk cuk tkrh

gSA ;s vksYxk ds okLrfod fe=k gSaA ;gh os ^yksx* gSa

ftlds fy, vksYxk ?kj tkrh gS vkSj mlds lkFk mldh

lqcg gksrh gS D;ksafd 53 lky igys vksYxk us viuk

fny vius lkFkh tuZfyTe dks ns fn;k FkkA

xzsth i=kdkfjrk esa vkt lquhrk ,ju dk uke fdlh igpku

dk eksgrkt ugha gSA mudk ;g eqdke ,d ,sls la?k"kZ dh

ifjf.kfr gS] ftlesa fgEer] gkSlyk vkSj dqN dj xqtjus dk tTck

FkkA mUgksaus i=kdkfjrk is'ks dks ml nkSj esa pquk tc blesa efgykvksa

dks cgqr derj le>k tkrk FkkA ekuk tkrk Fkk fd i=kdkfjrk dk

is'kk flQZ iq#"kksa ds fy, gh cuk gqvk gSA vLlh ds n'kd esa

i=kdkfjrk f'k{kk ds mijkar fnYyh dh bl ;qorh us viuh deZLFkyh

ds fy, mÙkjizns'k dks pqukA ;g og nkSj Fkk tc mÙkj izns'k esa gj

rjQ vjktdrk O;kIr FkhA pacy esa MdSrksa dk tksj Fkk rks vU;

{ks=kksa esa fiNM+siu dh otg ls pksjh fNuSrh tSlh okjnkrsa vke gqvk

djrh FkhaA ,sls esa lquhrk ds fy, i=kdkfjrk esa ukSdjh ds fy,

fu;qfDr i=k ds lkFk ,d lykg Hkh Fkh fd mÙkjizns'k ng'kr dk

izns'k gSA blfy, i=kdkfjrk 'kq: djus ls igys [kwc vPNs ls fopkj

djus ds fy, Hkh dgk x;k FkkA ijarq lquhrk ds gkSlyksa ds vkxs

mÙkjizns'k ds rRdkyhu ng'krxnhZ gkykr ckSus lkfcr gq,A 'kk;n

i=kdkfjrk esa efgykvksa dks vkxs ykus ds fy, lquhrk ds bl gkSlys

ls T;knk cy feykA vkt og izfr"Br vaxzsth nSfud lekpkj i=k

fgUnqLrku VkbEl dh LFkkuh; laiknd gSaA tc eSaus muds n¶rj esa

tkdj eqykdkr dh rks ogk¡ efgykdfeZ;ksa dh la[;k cgqrk;r esa

FkhA ;g fLFkfr muds }kjk efgykvksa esa i=kdkfjrk ds izfr :>ku

vkSj mlesa mudh Lohd`fr dks iznf'kZr djus ds fy, dkQh FkhA

bjkd ds cxnkn 'kgj esa tUeh lquhrk us i=kdkfjrk dh

f'k{kk Hkkjrh; fo|k Hkou] fnYyh ls xzg.k dhA rRi'pkr~ vaxzsth

nSfud ik;fu;j esa vius dWfj;j dh 'kq:vkr dhA og ml nkSj esa

tc nwjn'kZu vius O;kolkf;d vankt esa vk jgk Fkk rks mlesa

izlkfjr gksus okys dk;ZØeksa dh leh{kk fy[kus dk dk;Z fd;kA

gSjkuh bl ckr dh Fkh rc muds ikl Vhoh lsV Hkh ugha FkkA fQj Hkh

lkoZtfud Vhoh lsVksa ij mlds dk;ZØeksa dks ns[kdj vkSj mls

v[kckj esa Nius okyh if=kdk ds fy, fy[kuk dkQh pqukSrhiw.kZ

dk;Z FkkA dqN u;k djus dh pkgr esa mUgksaus ,d ckj mÙkjizns'k ds

rRdkyhu jkT;iky dh iq=kh dk lk{kkRdkj ys fy;k vkSj mls

izdkf'kr Hkh djok fy;kA ;g ckr rRdkyhu gqDejkuksa dks ukxokj

xqtjh vkSj mUgsa ik;fu;j NksM+uk iM+k] ysfdu i=kdkfjrk muls tqM+h

jgh vkSj rc ds yksdfiz; vaxzsth nSfud ûs'kuy gsjkYM* us mudh

izfrHkk dks ns[krs gq, mUgsa ekSdk fn;kA

gsjkYM ls mudh fof'k"V i=kdkfjrk dk nkSj 'kq: gqvkA

cdkSy lquhrk] geus vLlh ds n'kd esa y[kuÅ ds pkSd esa py jgs

eq>s [krjksa dk [kkSQ ugha% lquhrk ,jufgUnqLrku VkbEl] y[kuÅ dh LFkkuh; laiknd ls _rs'k pkS/kjh dh ckrphrlquhrk ,ju

U;wt :e esa vk;s cnykoksa ds flyflys esa lqJh ,sju crkrh gS fd vc i=kdkjksa dks

rduhdh vkSj Hkk"kk;h n{krk j[kuh vfuok;Z gks x;h gS] D;ksafd vc dkxt dye dk nkSj

lekIr gks pqdk gSA vc dEI;wVj] ySiVki vkSj VScysV dk nkSj py jgk gS ,sls esa i=kdkj

vxj buds ckjs esa n{k ugha gksxk rks mlds fy, i=kdkfjrk cgqr nq:g lkfcr gksxhA

va

foe'kZehfM;k

27

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

lk{kkRdkjlk{kkRdkjdrkZ% _rs'k pkS/kjh

jsM ykbV ,fj;k esa ml txg tkdj efgykvksa dk

lk{kkRdkj fy;k] tgk¡ os ca/kd ljh[kh ftUnfx;ka th

jgh FkhaA blds vykok y[kuÅ esa gh [kwu cspus ds

voS/k /ka/kksa dk [kqyklk djus ds fy, Hkh geus fjiksVZ

cuk;hA gekjh bu nksuksa fjiksVksZa us ns'k dh jkt/kkuh

fnYyh rd gaxkek [kM+k dj fn;kA eq>s bl rjg dh

fjiksVksZa dks fy[kus dk lkgl rRdkyhu laiknd Jh

gfj t; flag ls feyk] ftUgksaus eq>s ,sls ekeyksa dks

doj djus ds fy, u dsoy izksRlkfgr fd;k oju~ mls

izeq[krk ls izdkf'kr Hkh fd;kA tkus&vutkus esa esjs

}kjk dh xbZ ,slh fjiksVksZa us eq>s i=kdkfjrk txr esa

dkQh [;kfr nhA lquhrk dk ;g lc ek=k nks o"kksZa dh

esgur dk izfrQy FkkA blus i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa u

dsoy mUgsa igpku fnyk;h] cfYd muds fy,

i=kdkfjrk esa dke djus ds fy, njokts Hkh [kksy

fn;sA

lquhrk crkrh gS fd y[kuÅ esa ^fgUnqLrku

VkbEl* ds i=kdkj udoh th muds iM+kslh Fks] ftudh

rRdkyhu laiknd [kq'koar flag ls vPNh curh FkhA

mudh ,d eqykdkr ds nkSjku esjh Hkh ppkZ pyh vkSj

[kq'koar flag us eq>ls feyus dh bPNk tkfgj dhA mUgsa esjs }kjk

i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa fd, x, dk;ksZa us dkQh izHkkfor fd;k vkSj

bl rjg ls ^gsjkYM* NksM+ eSus ^fgUnqLrku VkbEl* ds fy, lekpkj

ladyu dk dk;Z 'kq: dj fn;kA rc ls ysdj vc rd eSa fgUnqLrku

ds fy, gh dk;Z dj jgh gw¡A orZeku esa crkSj LFkkuh; laiknd eaS

;gk¡ y[kuÅ ;wfuV esa vius nkf;Ro dks laHkky jgh gw¡A

i=kdkfjrk dWfj;j ds ckjs esa lquhrk dgrh gSa fd eq>s

dHkh [krjksa dk [kkSQ ugha jgkA fjiksfVZax ds nkSjku pacy ds chgM+ esa

Hkh xbZA v;ks/;k tSls laosnu'khy eqíksa ij ys[kuh pyk;hA dWfj;j

ds nkSjku eq>s vDlj /kefd;k¡ feyrh Fkha] ftl dkj.k eq>s iqfyl

lqj{kk iznku dh xbZ] ysfdu blls eq>s lqj{kk de vius dWfj;j esa

dfBukb;k¡ T;knk le> esa vk;haA ftruk vki Lor% LQwrZ gksdj

fjiksfVZax dj ldrs gSa mruk iqfyl lqj{kk ds nk;js esa jgdj ughaA

fQj Hkh vius dWfj;j ls eSaus lh[kk fd ;fn ge vius is'ks ds izfr

bZekunkj gksa rks vkidk cky ckadk Hkh ugha gks ldrkA

lquhrk vius iqjkus fnuksa dks ;kn djrh gqbZ dgrh gaS fd

esjk lcls vPNk nkSj UkCcs ds n'kd ds bnZ&fxnZ jgkA rc rRdkyhu

iz/kkuea=kh oh-ih- flag ds e.My deh'ku us iwjs ns'k esa gkgkdkj

epk FkkA pacy esa MdSrksa dk vkrad pje ij Fkk vkSj mlh nkSjku

v;ks/;k eqík Hkh xjek;k FkkA ;g lc dqN ,slh rokjh[kh ?kVuk,a

Fkh ftuds ckjs esa fy[kus ds fy, cgqr dqN Fkk vkSj mls doj djus

ds fy, geus cgqr tksf[ke mBk;kA ,sls gh ,d okd;s esa chgM+ dk

nkSjk Hkh fd;kA bles esjs lkFk rRdkyhu x`g ea=kh lq[knk feJk FkhA

y[kuÅ ls vkSjs;k rd dk lQj ge yksxksa us vEcslMj xkM+h ls r;

fd;k] ysfdu chgM+ esa vkxs dk lQj dkQh eqf'dy Hkjk FkkA

mlh nkSj dh ckr gS ns'k esa e.My vk;ksx dh flQkfj'ksa ykxw dj nh xbZ Fkh] reke ge tSls ;qokvksa ds

lkeus vfLrRo dk ladV [kM+k gks x;k FkkA ns'k Hkj esa vkanksyu py jgs Fks] mlds ckjs esa Hkh fy[kuk

esjs fy, dkQh pqukSrhiw.kZ FkkA fQj Hkh viuh ys[kuh ij Hkkoukvksa dks gkoh ugha gksus fn;kA

28


mcM+&[kkcM+ jkLrs FksA ?kus taxyksa ds chp ls xqtjuk Fkk] ftlds

fy, ge yksxksa dks ,d thi eqgS;k djk;h xbZ FkhA chgM+ esa MdSrksa ls

feyuk] muds lk{kkRdkj ysuk vkSj mudh ftUnfx;ksa ls :c: gksuk

esjs thou ds lQj dk ,d vge iM+ko FkkA rc ls ysdj vc rd

vDlj ekfQ;k vkSj naxs tSlh ckrsa vkrh jgh gSaA ysfdu mudk dksbZ

[kkSQ ugha jgrk gSA

mlh nkSj dh ckr gS ns'k esa e.My vk;ksx dh flQkfj'ksa

ykxw dj nh xbZ Fkh] reke ge tSls ;qokvksa ds lkeus vfLrRo dk

ladV [kM+k gks x;k FkkA ns'k Hkj esa vkanksyu py jgs Fks] mlds ckjs

esa Hkh fy[kuk esjs fy, dkQh pqukSrhiw.kZ FkkA fQj Hkh viuh ys[kuh

ij Hkkoukvksa dks gkoh ugha gksus fn;kA v;ks/;k eqís ij csdkcw HkhM+

esa iqfyfl;k l[rh ds chp esa tkdj fjiksfVZax djuk ,d vyx

vuqHko FkkA ,sls esa [kqn dks HkhM+ ls vyx Hkh lkfcr djuk iM+rk

gSA i=kdkfjrk esa [kcj dk egRo gS vkSj mlds fy, vkidks viuh

{kerk ls mls izkIr djus dh pqukSrh dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA

v;ks/;k esa eq>s ,slh gh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls tw>uk iM+kA

vLlh&uCcs ds n'kd dh i=kdkfjrk vkSj orZeku

i=kdkfjrk ds nkSj esa vk;s cnyko ds loky ij lquhrk th dgrh gaS

fd tehu&vkleku dk QdZ vk x;k gSA vc phtsa vklku gks xbZ

gSA vc vkids ikl rduhdh {kerk ls rsth vk;h gS lkFk gh lwpuk

ds vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ls i=kdkjksa dks ,d veks?k vL=k Hkh fey

x;k gSA rduhd ds fcuk i=kdkfjrk djuk fdruk eqf'dy Fkk] bls

iwoZ eq[;ea=kh ia- deykifr f=kikBh ds fu/ku ij fjiksfVZax ds nkSjku

vius vuqHkoksa dks lk>k djrs gq, crkrh gSa fd rc u rks eksckby

Qksu Fks vkSj u gh QSDl dh lqfo/kk FkhA y[kuÅ ls okjk.klh tkdj

ogka ls [kcj fy[kdj Hkstus dk ladV [kM+k gks x;kA rc ogka ds

LFkkuh; lg;ksxh ds ek/;e ls Mkd ,oa rkj foHkkx dk n¶rj nsj

jkr [kqyok;k x;k vkSj ogka ls Vsyhxzke ds ek/;e ls [kcj izsf"kr

dh xbZA vc rks eksckbZy Qksu vkSj mlesa miyC/k reke

vIyhds'ku ds ek/;e ls lwpuk izs"k.k ljy] lgt ,oa Rofjr gks

x;k gSA gkykafd vc daiVh'ku Hkh cgqr gks x;k gSA futh

Vsyhfotu pSuyksa ds vkus ds ckn [kcjksa dh viMsV vkSj dqN T;knk

djus dh pqukSrh Hkh c<+h gSA ,sls esa pyrkÅ i=kdkfjrk ls dke

pyus okyk ugha gSA

U;wt :e esa vk;s cnykoksa ds flyflys esa lqJh ,sju

crkrh gaS fd vc i=kdkjksa dks rduhdh vkSj Hkk"kk;h n{krk j[kuh

vfuok;Z gks x;h gS] D;ksafd vc dkxt dye dk nkSj lekIr gks

pqdk gSA vc dEI;wVj] ySiVki vkSj VScysV dk nkSj py jgk gS ,sls

esa i=kdkj vxj buds ckjs esa n{k ugha gksxk rks mlds fy,

i=kdkfjrk cgqr nq:g lkfcr gksxhA v[kckjksa ds vkWuykbu

laLdj.k vk tkus ds dkj.k i=kdkjksa dks 'kke esa [kcj fy[kus ds

ctk; rRdky fy[kuh gksrh gSA blds vykok mls viuh chV ds

vykok gj fo"k; ij tkudkjh ls viMsV jgus dh vko';drk gSA

mls Hkk"kk;h :i ls Hkh le`) jgus dh t:jr gSA igyh ckr rks

fjiksfVZax ds le; dksbZ nwljh Hkk"kk esa ckr dj jgk gS rks Hkh [kcj

fudkyuh gS blds vykok U;wt :e esa vc izwQ jhMj dh Hkwfedk

[kRe gks tkus ls i=kdkj dks [kqn gh ;g Hkwfedk fuHkkuh iM+rh gSA

,sls esa Hkk"kk;h fnDdr vkt dh i=kdkfjrk esa v{kE; gSA

i=kdkfjrk ds fxjrs Lrj ds ckjs esa yxus okys vkjksiksa ij

lqJh ,sju dgrh gS fd ;g fuHkZj djrk gS bl ckr ij fd

i=kdkfjrk dks yhM dkSu dj jgk gSA ;fn i=kdkfjrk dks mlus

iw.kZr% O;olk; cuk fn;k vkSj i=kdkjh; ljksdkjksa ds ctk;

O;kolkf;d ljksdkjksa ds fy, ?kqVus Vsd fn;s rks mls lEeku ikus dh

bPNk R;kx nsuh pkfg,A dekscs'k fiNys ,d n'kd ls i=kdkfjrk ds

{ks=k esa dqN ,slk gh fn[k jgk gSA fQj Hkh ;fn O;fDr viuh dqlhZ

dh e;kZnk dk [;ky j[krk gS rks mlds fy, vkt Hkh i=kdkfjrk

,d ifo=k vkSj lEekfur is'kk gSA lekt esa Hkh mlds fy, ,d

vknj dk Hkko jgsxkA

i=kdkfjrk esa efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk ds loky ij og

dgrh gSa fd bldh eSa [kqn gh mnkgj.k gw¡A i=kdkfjrk ds fy,

ySafxd foHksn dHkh vkM+s ugha vkrk c'krsZa ekSdk fn;k tk;sA gkykafd

bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ds vkus ds ckn bl {ks=k esa efgykvksa dk :>ku

rsth ls c<+k gS vkSj lekt esa efgykvksa dks i=kdkj ds :i esa

Lohd`fr Hkh fey xbZ gSA vc vDlj i=kdkfjrk f'k{kk esa yM+fd;ksa

dh la[;k T;knk jgrh gSA fQj Hkh ,d leL;k muds lkFk lokZf/kd

vkrh gS mudh ikfjokfjd fnDdrsaA vDlj efgyk i=kdkjksa dks

vius ikfjokfjd nkf;Ro dks Hkh ftEesnkjh ls fuoZgu djuk iM+rk

gSA blls os dHkh&dHkh vius i=kdkjh; ljksdkjksa dks nks;e ntsZ ij

j[krh gSA ;g lgh ugha gSaA efgyk i=kdkjksa dks vius ikfjokfjd

vkSj i=kdkjh; thou dks fcYdqy vyx&vyx j[kdj nkf;Roksa dks

fuoZgu djuk pkfg;sA ;fn os ,slk ugha dj ikrh gS rks muds fy,

i=kdkfjrk ugha gSAlk{kkRdkjdrkZ Jh jkeLo#i eseksfj;y fo'ofo|ky;] y[kuÅ

ds i=kdkfjrk ,oa tulapkj foHkkx esa lgk;d izk/;kid gSaA

foe'kZehfM;k

29

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

nh i=kdkfjrk esa fojys gh ,sls i=kdkj gSa] tks ewy :i ls

nf{k.k Hkkjrh; gSa vkSj viuh esgur vkSj tTcs ds

dkj.k jk"Vªh; iVy ij viuh igpku dk;e dh gSaA bUgha

i=kdkjksa esa ,d uke t;arh jaxukFku dk gS ftUgksaus flQZ Hkk"kkbZ

cafn'kksa dks rksM+k cfYd fganh i=kdkfjrk ds lkFk&lkFk fganh

lkfgR; esa Hkh viuh ,d igpku cukbZ gSA i=kdkfjrk dSfj;j

dh 'kq#vkr ^/keZ;qx* ls djus okyh t;arh jaxukFku us lksuh

,aVjVsuesaV pSuy esa dke djus ds vykok djhc lkr o"kZ rd

ey;kye euksjek lewg dh if=kdk ôfurk* dk laiknu fd;kA

blds ckn nSfud ^vej mtkyk* esa Hkh Qhpj laiknd jghaA

fQygky mudh ns[kjs[k esa nSfud ^fganqLrku* ds reke Qhpj

iUuksa ds vykok cPpksa dh if=kdk ûanu* Hkh izdkf'kr gksrh gSA

muds rhu miU;kl ^vkl&ikl ls xqtjrs gq,*] ^vkSjrsa jksrh

ugha* vkSj ^[kkukcnks'k [okfg'ksa* ds vykok dgkuh laxzg ^,d

yM+dh nl eq[kkSVs* izdkf'kr gks pqds gSaA fofHkUu eqíksa dks ysdj

muls ,d [kkl ckrphr&

de ls de ianzg lkyksa esa i=kdkfjrk esa efgykvksa dh

fLFkfr dkQh csgrj gqbZ gSA esjs nkSj esa yM+fd;ka i<+kbZ djds

ehfM;k esa vkrh Fkha vkSj ;g IysVQkeZ cgqr cM+k FkkA ml nkSj esa

fxus&pqus yksx ehfM;k esa vkrs Fks vkSj vf/kdrj ,sls Hkh Fks]

ftUgksaus ehfM;k dh i<+kbZ ugha dh FkhA igys yksx vyx&vyx

QhYM ls vkrs Fks ysfdu fiNys chl o"kksaZ esa dkQh la[;k esa ehfM;k

Ldwy ns'k esa [kqys gSaA ehfM;k dks ysdj tkx:drk vkbZ gS vkSj bls

dSfj;j ds rkSj ij ns[kk tkus yxkA bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k vkus ds ckn

bldk Øst yM+fd;ksa ij Nk;k vkSj yM+fd;ka vkus yxhaA ehfM;k esa

vkn'kZ dh fLFkfr vc ugha jghA fdlh vkn'kZ ds rgr tks yksx bl

QhYM esa vkrs gSa] mUgsa fujk'kk gkFk yxrh gSA tks yksx lksprs gSa fd

ehfM;k ds tfj, ns'k esa Økafr yk nsaxs] mudk ehfM;k ds izfr eksg

Hkax gks jgk gSA tks yksx ehfM;k dks dSfj;j ds rgr ysrs gSa] [kcjksa ls

[ksyuk tkurs gSa] [kcjksa dh izLrqfr dks ysdj dke djrs gSa] os xzksFk

djrs gSa vkSj dj jgs gSaA vkt ds nkSj esa ehfM;k esa cafn'ksa de gqbZ gSaA

efgyk i=kdkjksa dh fLFkfr igys ls vPNh gqbZ gS ;k cnrj gqbZ

gS\

i=kdkj flQZ i=kdkj gksrk gS% t;arh jaxukFkuofj"B i=kdkj t;arh jaxukFku ls fouhr mRiy dh ckrphr

ehfM;k esa vkus ds ckn vki u iq#"k jgrs gSa vkSj u efgyk]

cfYd flQZ vkSj flQZ i=kdkj gksrs gSaA vki bl QhYM esa rHkh lQy gks ldrs gSa

tc vkiesa pSysat ysus dk ekík gks vkSj dke ds ekeys esa

vki [kqn dks lkfcr dj ldsaA

fga

lk{kkRdkjlk{kkRdkjdrkZ% fouhr mRiy

foe'kZehfM;k

31

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

fiNys nl o"kksaZ esa yM+fd;ksa dk izfr'kr vkB ls chl gks

x;k gSA ;g cM+s laLFkkuksa dh ckr gSA vkus okys nl lkyksa esa cM+s

inksa ij efgyk,a fn[ksaxhA cMs+&cMs+ pSysatst vius gkFkksa esa ysaxhA

vPNh&vPNh LVksjh czsd djsaxhA D;ksafd ehfM;k gkmlksa esa vc og

utj vkus yxh gSaA nwljh ckr ;g gS fd tks yM+fd;ka dgrh gSa fd

muds izfr i{kikr gksrk gS ;k mlds VSysaV dks nck;k tk jgk gS] rks

;g cjxykus okyh ckr gSA ftu yM+fd;ksa esa VSysaV gksrk gS] pSysat

ysus dk ekík gS] og vkxs tk jgh gSaA ;fn

vkidks 10&11 cts vkWfQl vkus dk

cgkuk pkfg,] vkidks vkB&ukS cts

rd jguk gS vkSj 'kke 4&5 cts rd ?kj

tkus dk cgkuk pkfg, rks ;g lc vc

ugha pysxkA bl izksQs'ku esa vkus ds

lkFk gh vki efgyk u gksdj ,d

i=kdkj gks tkrh gSaA efgyk gksus ds ukrs

,MokaVst ysuk pkgrh gSa rks bl QhYM esa

vkxs c<+ ikuk eqf'dy gSA ehfM;k esa

vkus ds ckn vki u iq#"k jgrs gSa vkSj u

efgyk] cfYd flQZ vkSj flQZ i=kdkj

gksrs gSaA vki bl QhYM esa rHkh lQy gks

ldrs gSa tc vkiesa pSysat ysus dk ekík

gks vkSj dke ds ekeys esa vki [kqn dks

lkfcr dj ldsaA

fganqLrku v[kckj esa dbZ uhfr;ka gSa] tks efgykvksa dks

lqj{kk nsrh gSaA vHkh rd efgyk,a ;g lksp dj pyrh Fkha fd reke

ckrsa ¼lsDlqvy gSjslesaV½ dke dk fgLlk gSaA vc yM+fd;ksa dh lksp

dkQh Åij gqbZ gS vkSj og tkuus yxh gSa fd lsDlqvy gSjslesaV tSls

ekeys dk;Z dk fgLlk ugha gSaA gkykafd bl ckr ls badkj ugha fd;k

tk ldrk gS fd bldk Qk;nk efgyk,a Hkh mBkrh jgh gSaA lsDlqvy

Qsoj ls vki vkxs ugha c<+ ldrh gSaA dbZ rjg ds ckWl Hkh gksrs gSa

tks yM+fd;ksa ls lsDlqvy Qsoj ysrs jgs gSaA vc gekjk lekt dkQh

[kqy pqdk gSA NksVs ls 'kgjksa esa ml rjg dh tkx:drk vHkh ugha

vkbZ gS vkSj lacaf/kr ekeys ntZ ugha gksrs gSaA ysfdu vc yM+fd;ksa

dks le> esa vkus yxk gS fd ;g dkedkt dk fgLlk ugha gSA

dgha&dgha yxrk gS fd yM+fd;ka bldk Qk;nk mBkus yxrh gSa

ysfdu ;g ckr yksxksa dh le> esa vk tkrh gSA vkWfQl ds ekgkSy

esa ;g dnkfi cnkZ'r ugha gksxk vkSj efgykvksa dks nks;e ntkZ nsuk

;k fQj mudk 'kks"k.k gksuk vc ukeqefdu gSA

eSa cpiu ls fy[krh jgh gwaA nf{k.k Hkkjrh; ifjokj ls gwa

vkSj rfey gwaA gekjs ifjokj esa i<+us&fy[kus dh laLd`fr jgh gSA

pwafd esjs firkth fHkykbZ vk x, Fks vkSj ogka fganh dk ifjos'k Fkk]

bl dkj.k fganh dh Nki esjs eu ij iM+hA eSa dgkuh fganh esa fy[krh

Fkh vkSj os izdkf'kr Hkh gksrh FkhaA blls

?kj ds yksx [kq'k Hkh gksrs FksA ;g esjk ,d

'kkSd Fkk vkSj ml nkSj esa ijkx] paid]

pankekek] uanu vkfn esa esjh dgkfu;ka

izdkf'kr gksrh FkhaA ckn esa geyksx

lifjokj cacbZ vk x, vkSj eSaus ogka ls

,e-dkWe dh i<+kbZ dhA

ml nkSj esa VkbEl vkWQ

bafM;k esa Vªsuh dh tkWc fudyh FkhA eSaus

ogka laidZ fd;k rks eq>s dgk x;k fd

vkidks fy[kus dk 'kkSd gS rks vki dqN

fy[kdj Hksft;s] ilan vk,xk rks vkidks

cqyk;k tk,xk vkSj p;u fd;k tk,xkA

tc eSa VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k ds n¶rj xbZ

vkSj ns[kk fd bruk cM+k laLFkku gS] rks

eu fofLer gks x;kA fy[kuk D;k gksrk

gS] i=kdkfjrk D;k gksrk gS] ;gka vkus ds

ckn irk pykA ogka esjk p;u gks x;kA

;g esjs fy, iwjh rjg ubZ nqfu;k FkhA ets dh ckr ;g Fkh

fd pwafd eSa ,e-dkWe dj jgh Fkh vkSj cSad esa tkWc ds fy, mRlqd

Fkh] bl dkj.k esjs fy, ;g Pokbl Fkh fd eSa ehfM;k esa dqN u dj

ikÅa rks cSadksa dh nqfu;k esa ykSV ldrh gwaA ysfdu ;gka vkdj eq>s

yxk fd ;g ubZ rjg dh nqfu;k gS] u, yksxksa ls feyuk] ubZ rjg dh

tkudkjh gj jkst izkIr djuh gSA

1985 esa eSa VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k ls tqM+h Fkh vkSj ,d lky

Vªsuh jghA fQj] /keZ;qx esa milaiknd cu xbZ vkSj ml oä /keZohj

Hkkjrh laiknd FksA ml nkSj dh reke egku foHkwfr;ka ogka ekStwn

FkhaA os gesa crk;k djrs Fks] fl[kk;k djrs FksA lHkh yksx ogka

le>kus okys Fks vkSj gesa [kwc fl[kkrs FksA ogka tks ekgkSy Fkk] mlus

lky Hkj esa eq>s fu.kZ; ysus ds fy, foo'k dj fn;k fd vc eq>s

dgha ugha tkuk gSA ml nkSj esa i=kdkfjrk esa yM+fd;ka dkQh de

ehfM;k laLFkkuksa esa efgyk i=kdkj

fdruh lqjf{kr gSa\

vki i=kdkfjrk esa dSls vkbZa\

32


gksrh FkhaA gekjh Vhe 15 yksxksa dh Fkh vkSj muesa egt nks yM+fd;ka

FkhaA

eSaus i<+kbZ ch-dkWe vkSj fQj ,e-dkWe rd dhA bl rjg

dh i<+kbZ djus ds ckn vkidh Pokbl og gksrh gS] tks lekt us

cukbZ gksrh gSA fQj Hkh ,d ckr gksrh gS fd vkidks D;k ilan gS

vkSj D;k ugha ilan gSA ehfM;k esa vkus ij yksxksa us dkQh

grksRlkfgr fd;kA eSa Hkh ehfM;k dh nqfu;k ls iwjh rjg vutku Fkh

vkSj ugha tkurh Fkh fd eSa D;k dj jgh gwaA oSls Hkh cSad esa vlhe

laHkkouk,a gksrh gSa vkSj ukSdjh Hkh lqjf{kr jgrh gSA ysfdu eq>s

cus&cuk, jkLrs ij pyuk ilan ugha FkkA ehfM;k dk dke Hkh

dkQh pSysaftax FkkA esjs fy, T;knk vkd"kZ.k Fkk] u,&u, yksxksa ls

feyuk] muds fopkj tkuuk vkSj u, rjg ls dke djukA

VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k esa eq>s dkQh efgyk,a fn[krh FkhaA

fganh esa vHkh Hkh eq[; /kkjk esa efgyk,a dkQh de gSaA ;g og nkSj

Fkk tc efgykvksa dks ikWfyfVdy chV ugha nh tkrh FkhA gkykafd

jktsanz ekFkqj] ,lih flag dh utjksa esa ,slk dqN ugha FkkA mudk

ekuuk Fkk fd ftlds ikl tks dkfcfy;r gks] og oSlk gh dk;Z djsA

NksVs v[kckjksa esa eSaus t:j lquk gS fd efgyk,a Qhpj dkWye fy[krh

gSa ;k efgyk ls tqM+s eqíksa ij fy[krh gSa ysfdu cM+s v[kckjksa esa

vkidks <sj lkjs ekSds feyrs gSaA ;fn efgyk gksus ds dkj.k vki

fdlh rjg dk Qk;nk ysus dh dksf'k'k djsaxh rks vki fQj fiNM+sxsA

;fn vki dqN u;k djuk pkgrs gSa rks vkidks dksbZ euk ugha djsxkA

ifjorZu dk nkSj eSaus mlh oä ns[k fy;k FkkA ysfdu vkidks izwo

djuk gksrk gS fd og pSysaftax dke] vki vkSj flQZ vki gh dj

ldrh gSaA

eSa nl lky VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k esa dke djus ds ckn

bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ls tqM+h] [kkldj ,aVjVsuesaV ehfM;k lsA og

bysDVªkfud ehfM;k dk u;k nkSj FkkA ogka tkdj eSaus ubZ nqfu;k

ns[kh vkSj ik;k fd ;qokvksa ds fy, fdrus lkjs vkWI'ku gSaA fganh

i=kdkfjrk ,d [kkl lksp dks ysdj pyrh gSA bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k

esa gj iy ubZ lksp ds lkFk mifLFkr gksuk gksrk gSA ogka eSa

vk;fM,'ku eSustj Fkh vkSj lkjs fLØIV dks ns[krh Fkh fd og pSuy

ds fy, vPNh gS ;k ughaA

ogka jgrs gq, eSaus dbZ ckrsa lh[khaA igyk ;g fd eq>s ml

nkSj esa irk py x;k Fkk fd i=kdkfjrk esa ekdsZfVax fdruk egRoiw.kZ

gS] pkgs og fizaV dh i=kdkfjrk gks ;k fQj bysDVªkWfud dhA nwljh

ckr ;g lh[kh fd vius vkidks cuk, j[kus ds fy, vkidks

ckbZfyaXoy ¼f}Hkkf"kd½ gksuk fdruk t:jh gSA 'kq) fganh dh iwN

;fn vki fganh v[kckjksa esa dke dj jgs gSa rHkh gksxhA

Xykscykbts'ku dh 'kq#vkr ml nkSj esa gks pqdh FkhA ml oä esa Hkh

bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k fganh dk dkjksckj djrk Fkk ysfdu mlds Hkhrj

fu.kZ; ysus okys yksx vaxzsthnka FksA euksjatu dh nqfu;k esa ml nkSj

dks cgqr cM+h Økafr ds rkSj ij ns[kk tk jgk FkkA ftl le; eSa lksuh

Vhoh esa dk;Z dj jgh Fkh] mlh nkSj esa ewolZ ,aM 'ksdlZ dk izlkj.k

'kq: gqvk FkkA blds ckn ey;kye euksjek dh if=kdk ôfurk* esa

laiknd cudj fnYyh vk xbZA

ôfurk* dk ldqZys'ku <kbZ&rhu yk[k ls vf/kd Fkk] tc

eSaus ogka dh ukSdjh NksM+hA v[kckj dh nqfu;k esa vki ,d lkFk dbZ

dke djrs gSaA eSaus ml nkSj esa ^vej mtkyk* v[kckj esa dkQh ys[k

fy[ks FksA cgqr cM+k IysVQkeZ gksrk gS v[kckjA gj rjg ds dke

djus dk pSysat Hkh gksrk gSA esjs fy, Hkh ;gka vkuk de pSysat u

FkkA Qhpj dk Iyku U;wt ls vkxs c<+dj djuk gksrk gSA vkt ds

v[kckj esa D;k vk;k vkSj fQj vki u;k r; djrs gSaA

eSa viuk dke 'kq: fd;k Fkk] bl dkj.k vej mtkyk dh

ukSdjh NksM+h FkhA varjjk"Vªh; ,tsafl;ksa ds lkFk vkWuykbu dkeksa esa

tqVh FkhA ;g dke 2009 ls ysdj 2011 rd pyk ysfdu eanh dh

ekj esa og vkWLVªsfy;kbZ daiuh ds can gks tkus ds ckn eSaus viuk

dke can dj fn;kA fQj eq>s viuk dke NksM+uk iM+kA

eSa gj g¶rs eqacbZ dh ,d vkSjr dh dgkuh fy[krh Fkh

vkSj og dkWye dkQh ikWiqyj FkkA eSaus ,d LVksjh dh Fkh] eaxy

uked ukSdj dhA eaxy yM+dh Fkh ysfdu mlds pkpk us mls yM+dk

fn[kkdj dke ij j[kok fn;k FkkA nl&ckjg o"kZ gksus ds ckn og

jkt [kqyk fd eaxy uked ukSdj yM+dk ugha yM+dh gSA ;s lc esjs

dgkuh ds ik=k gSaA eSaus fgtM+ksa ij dke fd;k gSA esjk nk;jk cgqr

[kqyk gS vkSj ;s lc esjs dgkuh ds ik=k gSa vkSj os dgkuh ds fgLlk

cus vkSj eq>s yxrk Fkk fd buds ckjs esa dqN fy[kuk pkfg,A

,e-dkWe djuk vkSj fganh i=kdkfjrk esa vkuk D;k ,d fojks/kkHkkl

ugha gS\

mu fnuksa efgyk i=kdkjksa dh D;k fLFkfr Fkh\

vkius lksuh Vhoh ds lkFk Hkh dke fd;k gS] ogka dSlk vuqHko jgk\

,d if=kdk ls v[kckj esa vkuk fdl rjg pqukSrhiw.kZ Fkk\

^vej mtkyk* NksM+us dk D;k dkj.k jgk Fkk\

i=kdkfjrk ls vki lkfgR; jpuk dh vksj dSls vkbZa\

lk{kkRdkjdrkZ nSfud ^fganqLrku*] ubZ fnYyh esa eq[; milaiknd gSaA

foe'kZehfM;k

33

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

d lkS pkSjklh lky iqjkuh efgyk i=kdkfjrk 1831 esa

la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ls 'kq: gqbZ] tc nqfu;k dh igyh

efgyk i=kdkj ,uh U;wikWVZ jk;y us îzky ikbZ* fudkykA 68 o"kZ

dh bl tkx:d i=kdkj us izky ikbZ ds can gksus ds ek=k 13 fnu

ckn gh nwljk i=k ^gaVj* fudkyuk 'kq: dj fn;k Fkk] ftls os thou

ds vafre fnuksa rd fudkyrh jghaA Hkkjr esa Hkh efgyk i=kdkfjrk

ds mn; dk le; dky ;gh jgk gSA lu 1933 esa Jherh fizaVpkMZ us

^bafXyleSu* dh ftEesnkjh ifr ds fu/ku ds ckn laHkkyh FkhA ckn esa

Hkh ifr;ksa }kjk izdkf'kr i=k&if=kdkvksa dks laHkkyus okyh efgyk

i=kdkjksa dh yach Jà[kyk ns[kus dks feyrh gSA vktknh vkanksyu ds

le; tc ifjokj ds iq#"k lnL; tsy pys tkrs Fks rks muds ?kj dh

efgyk;sa muds }kjk izdkf'kr i=k&if=kdkvksa dk izdk'ku tkjh j[kk

djrh FkhaA Hkk"kkbZ efgyk i=kdkfjrk dh 'kq:vkr loZizFke 1848 esa

eks{knkf;uh nsoh ds ^ckaXyk efgyk* ls gqbZA rRi'pkr 1857 esa

psuEek rqefj us csyxkao ls dUuM Hkk"kk dh ^'kkykeB if=kdk*

fudkyhA mnwZ esa ^gSnjkckn xtV* ¼1871½ vkflQ tgka us fudkykA

fganh Hkk"kk esa i=kdkfjrk dh 'kq#vkr djrs gq, Jksf=k;k iw.kkZnsoh us

^vcyk fgrdkjd* ¼1883½ y[kuÅ ls izdkf'kr fd;kA laiknd ds

:i esa igyk cM+k uke caxHkk"kh lqo.kZdqekjh nsoh dk jgk gS] ftUgksaus

VSxksj ifjokj dh if=kdk ^Hkkjrh* dk 1884 ls 1895 vkSj 1906 ls

1920 rd laiknu fd;kA mUgsa izFke efgyk x| ysf[kdk Hkh ekuk

x;k gSA mudh iq=kh ljyk nsoh us mudh vuqefr esa rFkk ckn esa Hkh

^Hkkjrh* dk lEiknu Hkkj laHkkyk FkkA o"kZ 1884 efgyk i=kdkfjrk

ds fy, vPNk o"kZ fl) gqvkA bl o"kZ fxjhUnz ekfguh nsoh us ckaXyk

esa ^pqukj*] ekyrhckbZ rsanqydj us eqEcbZ ls ejkBh lkfgR; îzrksn*

vkSj fcfYdltgka csxe ûkt* us ^xqynLrk&,&ukt* mnwZ esa

fudkyhA nsgyh ls efgykvkaas ds fy, ^v[kckj m fulka* Hkh blh o"kZ

izdkf'kr gqvkA

fganh dh igyh efgyk laiknd gsear dqekjh nsoh pkS/kjh us

e/;izns'k ds jryke ls ^lqx`fg.kh* ¼1888½ dk izdk'ku fd;kA

blesa Nih êsgrjk.kh dk lrhRo* [kcj ls ml le; dh efgyk

vfLerk dks le>k tk ldrk gS& ^dydÙks ds ikl vyhiqj esa ,d

ljdkjh tqysftdy cxhpk gS] ogka ,d esgrjk.kh >kM+w ns jgh FkhA

,d vaxzsth lkgc mlls NsM+[kkuh djus yxk rks mlus mlds eqag ij

>kM+w ns ekjk] cxhps ds vU; yksx mls idM+dj caxkyh vQlj ds

ikl ys x;s] ifgys lkgc us viuk nks"k Lohdkj u fd;k] ijUrq ihNs

fourh djus yxk fd dpgjh esa ukfy'k u djsaA ckcw us mls viuk

vkSj fBdkuk fy[kdj nsus dks dgk] lkgc us cM+h eqf'dy ls

fy[kdj fn;kA fonk gksrs le; lkgc us gkFk fgykuk pkgk rks ckcw

us dgk êSa ,sls ?k`f.kr i'kq ls gkFk ugha feykrkA* efgykvksa esa

vkRefo'okl c<+kus okyh bl rjg dh [kcjsa efgyk i=kdkfjrk esa

vkjEHk ls gh ns[kus dks feyrh gSaA ykgkSj i=kdkfjrk dk x<+ jgk gS]

ogka ls gjnsoh us 1889 ls 1906 rd ^Hkkjr Hkfxuh* dk

izdk'ku&laiknu fd;k] os i=kdkfjrk ds ek/;e ls Lora=krk laxzke

ds dSfn;ksa ds fy, /ku bdëk fd;k djrh FkhaA ;gha ls eqgEenh csxe

us ^rgtho , fuLoka* fudkykA ftlesa efgykvksa dks fy[kus ds fy,

izsfjr fd;k tkrk FkkA bl mnwZ if=kdk dk laiknu vkflQ tgka

djrh Fkha] blesa izdkf'kr ys[kksa ij efgykvksa dks iqjLdkj Hkh iznku

fd;s tkrs FksA

lu 1902 esa dkdhukM+k ls rsyqxw ekfld ^fgUnw lqUnjh*

fudkyk] lEiknd ckyka=k"kq 'ks"kEek FkhaA ;gh og le; Fkk tc

fnYyh us ^'kElmy fugkj* dk laiknu Hkkj ch- vYyknh utkdr

,

i=kdkfjrk esa efgykvksa dk ;ksxnku,uhcslsUV us 1914 esa psUubZ ls ^dkeu ohy* fudkykA ftlesa ^LojkT; fdl rjg dk

feyuk pkfg,* ds ckjs esa fy[kk gS& ^^jktuhfrd lq/kkjksa ls gekjk rkRi;Z xzke iapk;rksa ls

ysdj ftyk cksMkZsa vkSj uxj ikfydkvksa] izkUrh; fo/kkulHkkvksa vkSj jk"Vªh; laln rd

LojkT; LFkkfir djuk gSA bu lc laLFkkvksa dks oSlk gh LojkT; feyuk pkfg, tSlk fd

fczfV'k lkezkT; ds vU; mifuos'kksa dks feyk gqvk gSA**

vkoj.k dFkk-1eaxyk vuqtk

34


lEHkkg jgh FkhaA mlh le; ejkBh efgyk i=kdkj dh tkudkjh nsrs

gq, ia- ek/kojko lizs ^NÙkhlx<+ fe=k* ¼1902½ esa fy[krs gSa&

^lqizfl) êgkjk"Vª efgyk* uke dh ekfld iqLrd tks fe-

dk'khukFk j?kqukFk fe=k dh /keZiRuh lkSHkkX;orh euksjek ckbZ fe=k

}kjk laikfnr gksrh gS] ls fL=k;ksa ds drZO;] vkaXyiRuh ds drZO; vkSj

x`fg.kh f'k{kk ys[k fy;s gSa] vr% d`rKrkiwoZd laikfndk dks dksfV'k%

/kU;okn nsrs gSaA* lu 1907 rd vkrs&vkrs efgyk i=kdkfjrk ds

rsojksa esa cnyko ns[kk tkus yxkA vkxjk ds înkZu'kha* esa Jherh

[kkeks'k us vdcj bykgkcknh dk ;g 'ksj Nkik Fkk&

blh o"kZ izdkf'kr ckaXyk i=k ^lqizHkkr* dh laiknd

dqeqnuh fe=kk us ^'kghn izQqYy pkdh* ds 'ko ds fp=k ds lkFk ;g

dkO; iafDr;ka Nkih Fkha&

oS| firk dh ^xq.kh iq=kh ;'kksnk nsoh us ^L=kh fpfdRld*]

^dU;k loZLo* vkSj ^L=kh /keZ f'k{kd* dk laiknu&izdk'ku fd;kA

^L=kh/keZ f'k{kd* ¼1909½ ds eq[ki`"B ij Nik djrh Fkha&

blh o"kZ dk'kh ls ^x`gy{eh* dks xksikynsoh us vkSj

jkes'ojh nsoh usg: us ^L=kh niZ.k* dks laikfnr fd;kA nksuksa gh

if=kdkvksa us L=kh ds lexz fodkl ds fy, f'k{kk dks t:jh crk;k

FkkA Hkkjrh; efgyk i=kdkfjrk esa ^,uhcslsUV ;qx* dk cgqr egRo

gS] i=kdkjh; ys[ku dks vkthfodk cukus okyh ,uhcslsUV us 1914

esa psUubZ ls ^dkeu ohy* fudkykA ftlesa ^LojkT; fdl rjg dk

feyuk pkfg,* ds ckjs esa fy[krh gSa& ^^jktuhfrd lq/kkjksa ls gekjk

rkRi;Z xzke iapk;rksa ls ysdj ftyk cksMkZsa vkSj uxj ikfydkvksa]

izkUrh; fo/kkulHkkvksa vkSj jk"Vªh; laln rd LojkT; LFkkfir

djuk gSA bu lc laLFkkvksa dks oSlk gh LojkT; feyuk pkfg, tSlk

fd fczfV'k lkezkT; ds vU; mifuos'kksa dks feyk gqvk gSA** mUgksaus

ênzkl LVSaMMZ* dks [kjhndj Û;q bafM;k* uke ls izdkf'kr fd;kA

vfM;kj ls ^fFk;kslksfQLV* ¼1920½ vkSj 1927 esa ^Ýh izsl lekpkj

vfHkdj.k* dh 'kq#vkr dhA fizafVax izsl Mkyus okyh igyh efgyk

gksus ds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjr esa i=kdkfjrk f'k{kk dh tud Hkh

,uhcslsUV gh FkhaA izfl) lkfgR;dkj vkSj i=kdkj egknsoh oekZ

^pk¡n* ¼1936½ dh lEikndh; esa ;qxksa&;qxksa ls izrkfM+r gks jgh L=kh

dh ewd osnuk dks js[kkafdr djrs gq, fy[krh gSa& ^^vfXu esa cSBdj

vius vkidks izfrizk.kk izekf.kr djus okyh LQfVd lh LoPN

lhrk esa L=kh dh vuUr ;qxksa dh osnuk lkdkj gks xbZ gSA dkSu dg

ldrk gS] ml Hkkxrs gq, ;qx us viuh ml vykSfdd d`fr] vius

euq";Ro dh {kqnz lhek esa ca/ks fo'kky nsoRo dh vksj ,d ckj eqM+dj

ns[kus dk Hkh d"V lgkA euq"; dh lk/kkj.k nqcZyrk ls ;qDr nhu

ekrk dk o/k djrs gq, u ijkØeh ij'kqjke dk ân; fi?kyk u

euq";rk dh vlk/kkj.k xfjek ls xq: lhrk dks i`Foh esa lekfgr

^^csinkZ utj vkbZ tks dy pan chfc;k¡]

vdcj teha esa bTtrs dkSeh ls xM+ x;kA

iwNk tks muls vkidk inkZ oks D;k gqvk]

dgus yxha ds vDy is enkZsa ds iM+ x;kA**

^êka iwNrh gS ^gs ;k=kh*

rqe bl d"Viznk ekxZ esa vle; gh D;ksa ej x,A*

og mÙkj nsrk gS& ^gs ekaA blesa ihM+k ;k 'kksd dh D;k ckr gSA

eSa rks e`R;q ls fuR; [ksyrk gw¡] e`R;q esjh 'k=kq ughaA

eka fQj iwNrh gS&

^gs ckyd rqe fdlds I;kjs gks\ rqEgkjs fy, eSa ej tkrh]

rqEgkjs Lof.kZe eq[kM+s dks ns[kdj eq>s [kq'kh gks jgh gSA*

ysfdu rqe brus mUeÙk D;ksa gks x;s gks]

rqEgkjs dksey ân; eas Hk; D;ksa ugha\

'ko mÙkj nsrk gS&

^bruh cM+h nqfu;k esa vusd ?kj gSa

tks eq>s I;kj ls iqdkj jgs gSa]

vusd n;kyq fL=k;ka gSa] tks eq>s ekròr O;ogkj djrh gSaA

e`R;q esjh nqYgu vkSj esjh ek¡ gS]**

^^xq.kjRu dk lqvkdj] f'k{kk lq/kk lq/kkdjA

gS L=kh/keZ& f'k{kd] 'kqHk/keZ dk izHkkdjAA

bfrgkl f'kYi oS|d] x`g uhfr iq=k ikyuA

fl[kyk ds ukfj;ksa dks] nsrk uohu thouAA**

vktkn Hkkjr dh i=kdkfjrk esa efgyk i=kdkjksa dh mifLFkfr c<+h rks muds fy, i=kdkfjrk

{ks=k esa fofo/k laHkkouk,¡ Hkh c<+rh pyh xbZaA bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k vkus ds ckn rks efgyk

i=kdkjksa dk opZLo gh LFkkfir gks x;kA mUgksaus ;q) dh fjiksfVZax ls ysdj ?kiys&?kksVkys dks

mtkxj djus esa viuh i=kdkjh; dq'kyrk fn[kykus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+hA

foe'kZehfM;k

35

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

djrs gq, jke dk ân; fonh.kZ gqvkA** i<+h&fy[kh xq.kh fL=k;ksa dks

^fonq"kh vad* esa os lko/kku Hkh djrh gSa& ßgekjs ns'k dh fonqf"k;ksa

dk] euq"; cu dj vkSjksa esa euq";rk ds Hkko Hkjus dk ozr xzg.k

djuk gh] mudh dhfrZ dks mTToy j[k ldsxkAÞ

Hkkjr dh igyh efgyk QksVks i=kdkj gksebZ O;kjkokyk

1930 esa ^bysLVªsVM ohdyh* ls tqM+ha vkSj mUgksaus Lora=krk fnol

lfgr dbZ vfoLej.kh; ?kVukvksa dks 1970 rd vius dSejs esa

mrkjkA T;ksfreZ;h Bkdqj ^defyuh* ¼1935½ esa if=kdk izdk'ku dk

mís'; Li"V djrh gSa& ßgekjs ns'k esa fL=k;k¡ vkt nks Hkkxksa eas ck¡Vh

tk ldrh gSa& ¼1½ 'kgjksa esa jgus okyh ¼2½ nsgkrksa esa jgus okyhA

defyuh ds }kjk eSa L=kh&tkfr dh lsok djuk pkgrh gw¡A** ykgkSj ls

izdkf'kr êkyrh* ¼1935½ dh lapkyd laiknd ekyrh nsoh ikBdksa

}kjk 'kqYd u fn, tkus ij fy[krh gSa& ßvf/kdka'k ikBdksa us ekyrh

dk;kZy; ds lkFk ,slk O;ogkj fd;k fd pkj&pkj] ik¡p&ik¡p vad

eaxkrs x, vkSj fy[krs jgs fd ^vc pUns dh jde Hksth tkrh gSA*

^vc Hksth tkrh gS* fdarq etcwj gksdj tc dk;kZy; us ch-ih- Hkstk

rks fuLladksp ls okfil dj fn;k ftlls pkj vkus Qh xkgd dh

vksj ls dk;kZy; dks vkSj gkfu mBkuh iM+hA ,sls egkuqHkkoksa dh

la[;k lSdM+ksa esa gSAÞ dksydkrk ls ØkfUrdkjh i=kdkj lhrknsoh us

êfgyk* ¼1938½ ds izFkekad esa fL=k;ksa dks niZ.k fn[kkus dh dksf'k'k

dh Fkh& ß>wBs vkRe xkSjo dk vkoj.k gVkdj ns[ksa rks Li"V Kkr

gksxk fd lalkj ds ,d d.k ij Hkh gekjk vf/kdkj ugha gSA ftl

xkSjo] Kku vkSj Lok/khurk dh ge Hkh tUe&fl) vf/kdkfj.kh gSa

ml ij iq#"kksa us ,dkdh vf/kdkj tek jD[kk gSA D;k ?kj] D;k

lekt] D;k jktuhfr] D;k vFkZ dgha Hkh gekjh lÙkk ugha gSA iq#"k

izHkq gesa viuh bPNk ds vuqlkj pykrs gSa vkSj ge muds bafxr ij

pyus esa gh viuk vgksHkkX; le>rh gSaAÞ efgyk i=kdkjksa us vius

vkidks dsoy efgyk foe'kZ rd gh lhfer ugha j[kk] vfirq

lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk Hkh dh] êqlkfQj* ¼1940½ esa jktjkuh nhf{kr

us fy[kk& ßge fgUnh esa ,d ubZ ;kstuk ysdj [kM+s gq,A lq#fpiw.kZ

lkfgR;] lfp=k vkSj lqUnj xsV&vi esa gksdj Hkh lÙkk gks] izR;sd

ys[kd dks mlds Je dk leqfpr ewY; feys] mnh;eku izfrHkk dks

izksRlkgu fn;k tk,A bu mís';ksa ds e/; êqlkfQj* dk tUe gqvk

vkSj bUgha ds e/; mldk iks"k.k gks jgk gSAÞ

1942 eas Hkkjr NksM+ks vkUnksyu 'kq: gqvk rks Å"kk esgrk

dkWyst dh i<+kbZ NksM+ vkUnksyu esa dwn iM+ha] mUgksaus dqN fe=kksa dh

lgk;rk ls ^xqIr jsfM;ks* dh LFkkiuk dj izlkj.k 'kq: dj fn;k]

ftlus ^vaxzstksa Hkkjr NksM+ks* ds ukjs dks xk¡o&xk¡o rd igq¡pk fn;kA

^vydk* ¼1947½ dh lEiknd fo}Ùkek feJ us muds ckjs esa fy[kk&

ßljdkjh fu;a=k.k ds dkj.k lekpkj v[kckjksa esa ugha Nius ikrs Fks]

vr% turk jsfM;ks lquus ds fy, mRlqd jgrh FkhA m"kk vaxzsth esa

Hkk"k.k djrh Fkha vkSj vUr eas ôUns ekrje~* xku ds lkFk viuk

izksxzke iwjk djrh FkhaA m"kk esgrk dks ^jsfM;ks "kM~;a=k dsl* esa nf.Mr

fd;k x;k FkkA Hkkjr dh vfLerk fgUnh ij ^Hkkjrh* ¼1944½ dh

lEiknd 'kkUrk dqekjh fy[krh gSa& ßorZeku le; esa jk"VªHkk"kk

fgUnh dk iz'u dsoy dk'ehj dk gh ugha cfyd leLr Hkkjr dk gS]

blfy, ge vk'kk djrs gSa fd u;s iz/kkuea=kh lkfgc bl leL;k dks

lqy>kus dk iz;Ru djsaxsAÞ jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu esa lfØ; Hkwfedk

fuHkkus okyh efgyk i=kdkjksa us lHkh Hkk"kkvksa eas viuh mifLFkfr

ntZ djkbZ gSA ftu efgyk i=kdkjksa us i=kdkfjrk txr esa vfeV

Nki NksM+h muesa ls dqN ieq[k gSa& izfrHkknsoh] cklarh nsoh] mfeZyk

nsoh] lqUnjh nsoh] 'kkafr nsoh ukx] jkes'ojh nsoh] ehjk nÙk] yhyk

jk;] dY;k.kh nkl] xksiky nsoh] jsok jko] vUuiw.kkZ nsoh] vgenh

[kkrwu] csxe v[rj vktkn] lqxjk csxe g;k] tgwj Qkfrek csxe]

csxe drhy valkjh] de#fUulk csxe] Qgfenk [kkrwu] lk;jk

csxe Qk#dh] esgewnk fjtfo;k] eqUuaxh y{ehujflag ljek] MkW-

eqÙkqy{eh jsìh] 'kkjnk nsoh] ekyrh iVo/kZu lrh] th nqxkZckbZ

ns'keq[k] ekyrh panj] voafrdk ckbZ xks[kys] ekbZ cjsjdj]

deykckbZ pkSxqys] nqxkZ Hkkxor] tkyw dkaxk] ouyhyk 'kkg] ehuk{kh

ds i.M~;k] 'kkUrk dqekjh] dkSf'kY;k nsoh] lqHknzkdqekjh pkSgku]

ghjknsoh prqoZsnh] 'khyk >qu>quokyk] e`.kky ik.Ms vkfn&vkfnA ,d

NksVs ls ys[k esa lHkh dks lekfgr dj ikuk laHko ugha gSA

vktkn Hkkjr dh i=kdkfjrk fodkl dh i=kdkfjrk jghA

efgyk i=kdkjksa dh mifLFkfr c<+h rks muds fy, i=kdkfjrk {ks=k esa

fofo/k laHkkouk,¡ Hkh c<+rh pyh xbZaA bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k vkus ds

ckn rks efgyk i=kdkjksa dk opZLo gh LFkkfir gks x;kA mUgksaus ;q)

dh fjiksfVZax ls ysdj ?kiys&?kksVkys dks mtkxj djus esa viuh

i=kdkjh; dq'kyrk fn[kykus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+hA dk;Z{ks=k dk

nk;jk c<+us ds lkFk&lkFk] i=kdkfjrk txr ds cM+s&cM+s inksa ij

efgyk i=kdkjksa dh mifLFkfr ntZ gqbZ] tgk¡ mUgksaus viuh

dk;Z{kerk ls u dsoy ifjfpr djk;k] vfirq dbZ ckj rks vpafHkr

Hkh dj fn;kA vHkh Hkh Hkkjr esa efgyk i=kdkfjrk ds fy, vlhe

laHkkouk,¡ cuh gqbZ gSaA& ysf[kdk lizs laxzgky;] Hkksiky dh funs'kd gSaA

36


[kcj dk cktkj

[kcj vkSj euksjatu ds chp efgyk

[kcj ehfM;k ds dsanz esa gSA ehfM;k ds reke vaxksa

esa U;wt ehfM;k lcls lfØ;] ltx] vfuok;Z vkSj xaHkhj

t:jr ds rkSj ij ns[kk tkrk gSA [kcj dk cktkj lkekftd]

vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd] lkaLd`frd vkSj ;gka rd fd

vkanksyudkjh vkSj vk/;kfRed fn'kk dks Hkh izHkkfor vkSj

dbZ ckj lapkfyr rd djrk gSA blfy, [kcj ds cktkj dks

utjvankt ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ysfdu [kcj flQZ [kcj

dh otg ls gh [kcj cudj [kRe ugha gksrhA [kcj ds lkFk

izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :i ls cgqr ls ,sls dkjd tqM+s gksrs gSa tks

ehfM;k ds dYpj dh ifjHkk"kk dks cukrs&cnyrs gSaA ;gh

otg gS fd tkWu dkWuZj bls ehfM;k LVMht ds chpksachp

ifCyd ukWyst izkstDV dk uke nsrs gSaA ;gka lwpuk ds ihNs

dh jktuhfr vkSj n'kZd dks fdlh ns'k ds ukxfjd ds rkSj ij

ns[kus dh Hkh O;oLFkk gSA

,d tkuk&ekuk dFku gS fd gj O;fäxr ?kVuk

jktuhfrd ugha gks ldrh ysfdu mlesa jktuhfrd gksus ;k cuk,

tkus dh laHkkouk ges'kk ekStwn jgrh gSA ;gh [kcj dh rkdr Hkh

gSA ysfdu lkFk gh [kcj dh iwjh nqfu;k [kqn Hkh dbZ rkdrksa ds ?ksjs

esa gh fn[krh gSA ehfM;k ds lewps ifjn`'; esa iq#"k vkSj efgyk ds

chp dk vlarqyu cgqr lkQ rkSj ij mHkj dj lkeus vkrk gSA iwjh

nqfu;k] [kkl rkSj ls Hkkjr esa] ehfM;k dh mifLFkfr Bksl gqbZ gS vkSj

;g ns'k ds lcls nenkj m|ksx ds rkSj ij ns[kk Hkh tkus yxk gSA

ysfdu blds ckotwn vc Hkh dke ds caVokjs] [kcjksa ds p;u vkSj

izFkkfedrk esa vkSjr dh ekStwnxh cgqr izHkkoh ugha gks ldrh gSA

efgykoknh bfrgkldkj esjh j;ku us Hkh ;g ekuk Fkk fd

18oha vkSj 19oha lnh ds lcls lfØ; nkSj esa efgyk,a ihNs fn[kha

tcfd jktuhfrd izfØ;k vkSj efgyk vf/kdkjksa ds fy, mudh

Hkwfedk dkQh nenkj FkhA vxj mudh Hkwfedk dks ml le;

bfrgklc) fd;k tkrk rks vkt ,d nwljs rjg dk bfrgkl i<+us

dks feyrkA

blds dsanz esa ;g le>uk t:jh gks tkrk gS fd [kcj ds

fu/kkZj.k] vkxeu] p;u vkSj mlds LFkku dks r; djus ds nkSjku

vk/kh vkcknh dh txg dgka vkSj fdruh t:jh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA

Hkkjr esa gj 34 feuV esa ,d efgyk dk cykRdkj gksrk gS]

43 feuV esa ,d efgyk dk vigj.k gksrk gS vkSj gj 93 feuV esa

de ls de ,d efgyk dh gR;kA bu vkadM+ksa dh i`"BHkwfe esa

vkSjr vkSj ehfM;k ds chp ds rkus&ckus dks le>us dh dksf'k'k dh

tk ldrh gS D;ksafd reke cglksa ds ckotwn bl ckr ls badkj ugha

fd;k tk ldrk fd vkSjr ls tqM+s eqíksa ij vkSjr dh i=kdkjh;

ekStwnxh [kcj dks csgrj laosnu'khyrk ds lkFk ij[kus dh

1

2

ehfM;k Lisl esa vkSjr dh ekStwnxh[kcjksa dh HkhM+ ds chp [kcj ijkslus dk dke Hkys gh vDlj mlds fgLls vkrk gS ij blls Hkh cM+k

dke dk eap mlds lkeus jgrk gS ftl ij og gy pykrh gSA vly esa [kcjksa dh HkhM+ ds chp [kcj

ijkslrh vkSjr ,d fcac gS vkSj lekt dh dbZ ijrksa dks m/ksM+ dj lkeus j[krh gSA Vhoh ds ckgj vkSj

vanj&nksuksa gh txgksa ij efgyk dh Nfo dks cgqr lksp&le>dj x<+k x;k gSA

vkoj.k dFkk-2ofrZdk uank

foe'kZehfM;k

37

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

dkfcfy;r j[krh gSA

fQYe MVhZ fiDpj esa fo|k ckyu dgrh gSa fd fQYeksa esa

rhu gh phtsa fcdrh gSa& ,aVjVsaesaV] ,aVjVsaesaV vkSj ,aVjVsaesaVA fQYe

esa dgk x;k ;g lp Vhoh ds NksVs ijns ij T;knk cM+s vkdkj esa

fn[kkbZ nsrk gS vkSj fopkj ds u, dsanz [kksy dj lkeus j[krk gSA

ehfM;k ds c<+rs foLrkj ds chp xaHkhj [kcj ds vxaHkhj lalkj ij

lrr cgl gksus yxh gSA

Hkkjrh; ehfM;k vius vkdkj ds vykok vius ncncs]

u, dysoj] eqLrSnh vkSj rsth ls pedrh ftl lsgr dh otg ls

ftruk [kcj esa vk;k gS] mruk gh [kqn ds cs[kcj ;k viuh [kcj

cu tkus dh otg ls HkhA ,d mEehn txh Fkh fd ehfM;k dk c<+rk

vkdkj L=kh ds fy, cjkcjh ¼dkQh gn rd½ dh tehu dks [kM+k

djsxk ysfdu tks vkcksgok cuh] mlesa efgyk euksjatu dk lkeku

curh rks fn[kh ij cjkcjh ls ijs gh jghA blfy, isM U;wt]

fc[kjrh U;wt] vkanksyu dh U;wt] czsfdax U;wt ds reke foe'kksaZ ds

chp ehfM;k ds cktkj esa L=kh dh ekStwnxh dks Hkh 'kh'ks ij mrkjuk

t:jh fn[krk gSA

U;wt ehfM;k esa tsaMj fjiksfVaZx ij nqfu;k ds lcls

'kks/kijd iz;kl Xykscy ehfM;k ekWfuVfjax fjiksVZ dk ;gka ftØ

djuk gksxkA bl fjiksVZ dks rS;kj djus ds fy, o"kZ 2009&10 esa

130 ns'kksa ds 42 lSaiy fy, x,A blds fy, 14]044 [kcjksa dk

pquko fd;k x;kA blesa ;g ik;k x;k fd jktuhfr ;k ljdkjh

lekpkj vc Hkh dqy dojst dk 27 izfr'kr fgLlk ysrs gSa tcfd

vijk/k vkSj fgalk 20 izfr'kr gSA

fjiksVZ esa ;g dgk x;k fd lcls t:jh eqíksa ij Hkh

efgykvksa dh jk; dksbZ [kkl ek;us ugha j[krhA reke lekpkj

ek/;eksa esa ljdkj vkSj jktuhfr ij efgyk ds fopkj 4 izfr'kr

vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk tSls eqíksa ij flQZ 1 izfr'kr txg gh gkfly dj

ikrs gSaA bl fjiksVZ dks ns[kus ds ckn nf{k.k vÝhdk ls fudyus okys

lekpkj i=k Msyh fyaDl ds laikndh; esa [kkl rkSj ls ;g dgk x;k

fd ßvxj dojst dh fLFkfr ;gh jgh rks gesa fdlh lQyrk rd

igqapus esa de ls ,d 'krkCnh vkSj yxsxhAÞ

ysfdu ;g ckr Fkh [kcj curh efgyk dh ysfdu [kcj

cukrh efgyk dh fLFkfr D;k gS] bl ij lwpukijd ppkZ,a dkQh

lhfer jgh gSaA Hkkjrh; ehfM;k esa efgykvksa ds izfrfuf/kRo dh

fLFkfr tkuus ds fy, ehfM;k LVMht xzqi dk fd;k x;k ,d

ns'kO;kih losZ Hkh pSadkus okys vkadM+s is'k djrk gSA ehfM;k esa

ySafxd vlekurk dks fn[kkus okyk ;g losZ crkrk gS fd ehfM;k esa

efgykvksa dk ns'kO;kih vkSlr izfrfuf/kRo ek=k 2-7 izfr'kr gSA

blesa 6 jkT; vkSj nks dsanz 'kkflr izns'k ,sls gSa tgka ftyk Lrj ij

efgyk i=kdkjksa dk vkSlr 'kwU; gS tcfd vka/kzizns'k esa ftyk Lrj

ij dk;Zjr efgyk i=kdkj vkSj laikndksa dh la[;k lcls vf/kd

¼107½ gS vkSj ;g lwph esa lcls mij gSA

yksdra=k ds fofHkUu LraHkksa esa efgykvksa ds izfrfuf/kRo dh

tc Hkh ckr gksrh gS ehfM;k] efgykvksa ds l'kfädj.k vkSj

izfrfuf/kRo ds loky dks cgqr tksjnkj rjhds ls mBkrk gSA ysfdu

vkadM+s crkrs gSa fd [kqn ehfM;k esa efgykvksa ds izfrfuf/kRo dh

gkyr dkQh uktqd gSA

o"kZ 2006 esa ehfM;k LVMht xzqi us ehfM;kdfeZ;ksa dh

lkekftd i`"BHkwfe ij Hkh ,d v/;;u fd;k FkkA ;g crkrk gS fd

fu.kZ; ysus okys inksa ij efgykvksa dh fgLlsnkjh dsoy 17 izfr'kr

gSA vaxzsth dh bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ;gka csgrj fLFkfr esa Fkh] tgka

fu.kZ; ysus okys inksa ij 32 izfr'kr efgyk,a dk;Zjr FkhaA ehfM;k

LVMht xzqi us ;s losZ fnYyh fLFkr 37 jk"Vªh; ehfM;k laLFkkuksa esa

fu.kZ; ysus okys 315 egRoiw.kZ inksa dks nk;js esa j[krs gq, fd;k FkkA

blesa gj laLFkku esa Åij ds Øe ls 10 inksa ds ckjs esa v/;;u

fd;k x;k FkkA

tkfgj rkSj ij [kcjksa ds xaHkhj dke&dkt ds chp vkSjr

dh dbZ Nfo;ka ,dne lkQ gSaA ijns ds ihNs og ,d deZB efgyk

gS ftls iq#"kksa ds chp mlh rRijrk ls ¼vkerkSj ij rks mlls Hkh

T;knk rRijrk ls½ dke djuk gS rkfd og derj lkfcr u gksA

mldk ;g dke&dkt n¶rjh pkjnhokjh esa Hkys gh fn[k tkrk gks ij

ckgj dh nqfu;k mlds la?k"kksaZ ls veweu vNwrh gh jgrh gSA ijns ds

lkeus fn[krh vkSjr ,d lth&laojh fu;r ijikVh esa fn[krh gS tks

,d vke n'kZd dks lqanj] n'kZuh;] mi;ksxh] fVdkÅ vkSj vkerkSj

ij ltkoV ds ,d lkeku dh rjg fn[kkbZ ns ldrh gS vkSj cjkcjh

dk Hkze iSnk djrh gS ij vly ckr ;g gS fd efgyk flQZ [kcj dks

i<+rh Hkj gh ugha gSA

[kcjksa dh HkhM+ ds chp [kcj ijkslus dk dke Hkys gh

vDlj mlds fgLls vkrk gS ij blls Hkh cM+k dke dk eap mlds

lkeus jgrk gS ftl ij og gy pykrh gSA vly esa [kcjksa dh HkhM+

ds chp [kcj ijkslrh vkSjr ,d fcac gS vkSj lekt dh dbZ ijrksa

dks m/ksM+ dj lkeus j[krh gSA Vhoh ds ckgj vkSj vanj&nksuksa gh

txgksa ij efgyk dh Nfo dks cgqr lksp&le>dj x<+k x;k gSA

3

4

Nfo;ksa ds lalkj ds chp efgykokn

38


[kcjksa ds chp efgyk vkSj efgyk ds ml ikj dh [kcj

,dfjax Lisl esa efgykvksa dk ijpeefgyk l'kfädj.k dh tehu ij Vhoh ,adj

njvly ,adj n'kZd vkSj [kcj ds chp lsrq dk dke

djrh gSA ysfdu ,slk dbZ ckj gksrk gS fd lsrq dh ,d [kkl Nfo

jp nh tkrh gS ftlds tfj, [kcj dks fofo/k vk;keksa ls izHkkfor

djus dk iz;kl dj fn;k tkrk gSA ;g Hkh ,d otg gS fd nqfu;k

Hkj ds Vhoh pSuy esa efgykvksa dks ,adj ds rkSj ij izeq[krk nsus dk

pyu 'kq: gks x;kA

vkLVªsfy;k dh tkuh&ekuh Vhoh ,adj dVjhuk yh us Hkh

;g ekuk Fkk fd U;wt i<+us okyh efgyk dh [kwclwjrh okdbZ dkQh

ek;us j[krh gSA os 1978&1997 rd Vsyhfotu ,adj jgha FkhA

ysfdu [kqn mUgsa 1985 esa vkLVªsfy;k czkWMdkfLVax ,lksfl,'ku ds

f[kykQ dsl djuk iM+k Fkk D;ksafd ,d dk;ZØe esa mudh rqyuk

pwls gq, vke ls dh xbZ FkhA bl ?kVuk us bl cgl dks mHkkjk Fkk

fd efgyk ,adj dk dke T;knk izeq[k gksrk gS ;k fQj mldh

yqDlA cgl ;g Hkh gqbZ Fkh fd [kcj i<+rh vkSjr dks ,d xaHkhj

deZ djrs i=kdkj ds rkSj ij ns[kk tk, ;k fQj XySej ds ySal ls ml

ij fVIif.k;ka dh tk,aA

vejhdk dk QkWDl pSuy Hkh efgyk ,adjksa esa XySej dks

roTtks nsrk fn[kkbZ nsrk jgk gSA ,d yacs le; rd QkWDl bdykSrk

,slk usVodZ cuk jgk ftlus vius ,adjksa ds fy, best dalyVsaV

j[ksA QkWDl U;wt ds ps;jeSu jkWxj ,fyl us ,d ckj dgk Hkh Fkk

fd lkjg ikfyu dks crkSj ,adj blfy, j[kk x;k D;ksafd og gkWV

gS vkSj jsfVax ykrh gSA

njvly Vsyhfotu ehfM;k esa vkus okys cnyko T;knk

rRij gksrs gSaA ;gka u, eqgkojs vkSj u, f[kykM+h jkst vk tqM+rs gSaA

ysfdu ehfM;k LVMht esa lcls cM+h pqukSrh ;gh gS fd reke

ek/;eksa ds chp dkWeu ;kuh ,d leku gS D;kA

vyx&vyx ns'kksa dh lÙkkvksa vkSj :fp;ksa ds vkl&ikl

?kwerk ehfM;k ckgjh izHkkoksa ls drbZ vNwrk ugha gS] ,sls esa jk"Vªh;

iz.kkyh ls ysdj lkaLd`frd dysoj rd ehfM;k ds iM+us okys vlj

dh xgu leh{kk vfuok;Z gks tkrh gSA ;gh otg gS fd fiNys ,d

n'kd esa ehfM;k ls fudyus okyh /ofu;ksa vkSj ladsrksa ij xgu

'kks/k dh t:jr eglwl dh tkus yxh gSA

u, Hkkjr esa Hkh U;wt ,adfjax dh Lisl ij efgykvksa dk

opZLo dk;e gks pqdk gSA [kcj dh izLrksrk ls ysdj [kcj dks

tksM+dj ykus okyh Hkh efgyk gh gSA vc vxj ;g iwNk tk, fd

reke U;wt pSuyksa esa ,d dkWeu ckr D;k gS rks mlesa czsfdax U;wt

dh gM+cM+h ds vykok ;g ckr t:j vk,xh fd bUgsa i<+us okyksa esa

efgyk,a gh T;knk gSaA

nwjn'kZu dh ik"kk.k;qxhu Hkkouk'kwU; psgjk fy, ,adj 90

dk n'kd ikj djrs&djrs ,dne eq[kj gks mBhA oks tSls vfrjsd

mRlkg ls Hkj mBhA dyQnkj lkM+h igudj ,d Hkkjrh; ukjh dh

tks Nfo nwjn'kZu us x<+h Fkh] oks mlls Hkh pkcqd dh xfr ls ckgj

fudy vkbZA vc tks Nfo cuh] oks pqLrh] QqrhZ vkSj eLrh dh FkhA

lcls igys rks lkM+h njfdukj dj nh xbZA dqNsd pqfuank ,adjksa dks

NksM+ nsa rks futh pSuyksa esa lkM+h vc chrs le; dh ckr gks xbZ

yxrh gSA ;s ,adj yky xqykc vkSj cukjlh lkM+h ls cgqr vkxs

fudy pqdh gSaA ;s VsyhizkaIVj jfgr gSa vkSj lh/ks tehu ij [kM+h gSaA

,d cnyko vkRefo'okl dks ysdj vk;k gSA ;s efgyk,a

Hkjiwj vkRefo'okl ds lkFk lkeus vkrh gSaA LØhu ij ;s iwjs

fu;a=k.k esa fn[krh gSa vkSj ,d l/ks gq, okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k djrh

pyrh gSaA ;g flQZ lqcg dh jks'kuh vkSj jkr ds <yus rd gh ugha

fn[krhaA ;g iwjs pkSchlksa ?kaVs fn[krh gSaA blls ,d lh/kk lans'k ;g

Hkh tkrk gS fd efgykvksa ds bl ;qx ls Mj dh daidih vc ?kVh gSA

cjlksa igys ftu efgykvksa dks uktqd&uje djkj djrs

gq, mUgsa lhfer vof/k;ksa esa ckaV dj mu ij tks dVk{k fd, tkrs

Fks] os vc fleVs gSa D;ksafd efgykvksa pkSchlksa ?kaVs eqLrSn gSaA os [kcj

dh Hkk"kk le>rh gSa vkSj mldh xaHkhjrk HkhA os [kku&iku ;k lkSan;Z

ds Qhpj dh ifjikVh ls ckgj vkdj lh/ks ;q) ds eSnku rd igqap

tkus esa l{ke gks xbZ gSA vc mlds ikl gS <sj lkjh fgEerA

ysfdu ftl ek/;e ls L=kh foe'kZ dh xwat dks l'kä

cuk;k tk ldrk Fkk] ogka dbZ ckj lhyu Hkh fn[kus yxrh gSA

vly esa Vhoh U;wt esa efgykvksa dh izR;{k ekStwnxh efgyk

l'kfädj.k dh ygj dks ,d u;k tkek iguk ldrh Fkh ij

cnyko bruh rsth ls fd, x, vkSj O;kolkf;drk bl dnj gkoh

gqbZ fd bu dqN lkyksa us efgyk ,adjksa ds psgjs ls ysdj igukos vkSj

psgjs ds Hkkoksa dks Hkh dkQh gn rd cny dj j[k fn;kA lkFk gh

cny fn, mlds vFkZ HkhA

ysfdu dqN ckrsa vc Hkh le> esa ugha vkrhaA D;ksa futh

pSuyksa dh U;wt ,adj vc Hkh vDlj eksVs esdvi ds uhps nch

fn[krh gSa] D;ksa ;g eku fy;k x;k gS fd n'kZd mUgsa if'peh

ifj/kku esa ns[k dj gh [kq'kh eglwl djsxk vkSj D;ksa U;wt ,adfjax

5

6

7

foe'kZehfM;k

39

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

dks dkQh gn rd ;qofr;ksa rd gh lhfer dj ds j[k fn;k x;k gSA

chchlh vkSj lh,u,u ls lcd ysus esa 'kk;n gesa vHkh dbZ lky

yxsaxsA

,d ckr vkSj] Vhoh dh efgyk ,adj dks vc Hkh

ltk&/ktk fn[kk;k tkuk vxj etcwjh gS rks oSlh xgu etcwjh

iq:"k ,adj ds lkFk D;ksa ughaA efgyk ,adj dks p'ek igus fn[kkuk

Hkh vc rd T;knk ikpu ;ksX; gks ugha ldk gSA

blds vykok vDlj ,slk gksrk gS fd pquko ;k fQj

fdlh cM+h vkink ds vkrs gh efgyk,a LØhu ls rdjhcu ckgj gks

tkrh gSaA 2008 esa 5 jkT;ksa ds fo/kkulHkk pquko ds urhtksa ds le;

;g ckr lkQ rkSj ij fn[kkbZ nhA os vxj ml le; ijns ls ckgj

f[kldk nh xbZa rks D;k blfy, ugha fd ckdh lekt dh rjg Vhoh

esa Hkh dgha u dgha og iq#"kenka/k n`f"V lfØ; gS tks L=kh dks vius

cjkcj ugha ekurh\ ;g blfy, rdyhQnsg gS fd Vhoh pSuyksa us

efgyk i=kdkfjrk dk iqjkuk pkS[kVk dkQh dqN cnyk gSA ge pkgsa

rks ;kn dj ldrs gSa fd fizaV ehfM;k esa vjls rd efgykvksa dh

i=kdkfjrk Qhpj i`"Bksa] dyk&leh{kkvksa] jlksbZ ds jktksa vkSj

efgykvksa ls tqM+s eqíksa rd fleVh jghA jktuhfr dh nq:g ;k

[kkstijd fjiksfVaZx dh rdyhQnsg ;k=kk,a tSls iq#"kksa dk

fo'ks"kkf/kdkj jghaA lh/kk eryc ;gh gS fd dfFkr rkSj ij eqf'dy

;k fnekxh ekustkusokyh chV esa efgyk ds fy, [kqn dks fVdk ikuk

vc Hkh cgqr vklku ugha gks ik;k gSA

,d ckr vkSj pqHkrh gSA izfr;ksfxrk dk ncko vkSj [kqn

dks fdlh Hkh rjg ls lkfcr djus dk fnekxh vkns'k bl dnj gkoh

jgk gS fd U;wt ehfM;k dh efgyk vDlj vius lkaps esa fn[krh gh

ughaA og tSls [kqn dks gh [kksrh gqbZ pyh tk jgh gSA ;g le; iRFkj

gksrh ,adj dk le; curk yxrk gSA ehfM;k esa vkSjr dh ekStwnxh

laosnu'khyrk dk u;k dks'k jp ldrh Fkh ij gqvk dqN ;wa fd ;gka

Hkh efgyk fdlh ladksp ;k ghu Hkkouk ds pyrs iq#"k&ljh[kh

fn[kus vkSj O;ogkj djus dh dksf'k'k djus yxhA ehfM;k esa efgyk

dk gksuk csgn lq[kn fLFkfr gS ij T;knk lq[kn fLFkfr rc gksxh tc

ehfM;k ds vanj vkSj ckgj& nksuksa gh txgksa ij efgyk ds vanj dh

efgyk Hkh dk;e jgsA

U;wt jhMj ,d czkaM cukus dk dke djrh gSaA n'kZd]

[kcj vkSj pSuy ds chp ds bl iqy ds lkFk vizR;{k rkSj ls

tulaidZ vkSj ekdsZfVax ds rkj Hkh tqM+s jgrs gSaA Vhoh ij fn[krh bu

reke Nfo;ksa ds chp ,adj dk fpjifjfpr gksrk tkuk Vhoh U;wt ds

O;kikj esa ÅtkZ Hkh Hkjrk gSA blds vykok blds lkFk

fo'oluh;rk dk cM+k dkjd Hkh tqM+rk gS tks [kcj dks ijkslus esa

cgqr dkjxj lkfcr gksrk gSA ;gh otg gS fd LVksjh crkrs U;wt

pSuy esa LVksjh crkus okys dk vyx fn[kuk t:jh curk gSA

ysfdu vDlj ;g x<+h xbZ Nfo;ka dqN vkSj lans'k Hkh nsus

yxs gSa tks lqikP; ugha gksrsA ,sls esa t:jh gks tkrk gS fd ehfM;k dks

ysdj 'kks/k dh tehu dks rS;kj fd;k tk,A tks ehfM;k vc lÙkk

dh fn'kk vkSj mldh tUedqaMyh r; djrk gS] ml ehfM;k ds vanj

larqyu cuk, j[kus ds fy, Hkh ;g t:jh gSA ns'k dh laln esa

larqyu gks ik, ;k u gks ik, ysfdu ltx izgjh dk dke djrk

ehfM;k vxj pkgsxk rks ,slk gksxk t:jA

;g ,d felky yksdar=k ds ckdh rhu LraHkksa ds fy, Hkh

ehy dk ,d iRFkj gksxhA vk/kh vkcknh dks flQZ lkSan;Z ;k

ikfjokfjd t:jrksa dh fdrkc eku dj mlds lkjs iUus vius

fglkc ls Hkj nsuk tk;t ugha gksxkA L=kh ds vius lp dk lalkj

vc Hkh ehfM;k esa xqe gSA og ;k rks xqfM+;k cuk nh tkrh gS ;k fQj

,d xqYyd ftlesa Vhvkjih ds flDds Hkjrs jgsaA

vkSjr lQyrk dh dbZ ixMafM;ksa ij py pqdh gSA

bartkj ,d iDdh lM+d dk gS tgka mlds fy, loky de gksa vkSj

dke dk vkdyu flQZ dke ds cSjksehVj ls gh gksA viuh {kerk

dks og cgqr igys lkfcr dj pqdh gSA vc bartkj ,d LFkk;h

tehu ds cuk, tkus dk gSA

8

lanHkZ

1.

2.NCERB 20063. http://www.indiatogether.org/2010/mar/ajo-gendrep.htm

5.http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19860410&id=bZAyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MegDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5067,59544856. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/23/fox-news-makeup-women-anchors_n_1824659.html

4- tu ehfM;k] ebZ 2012

7- Vsyhfotu vkSj Økbe fjiksfVZax] ofrZdk uank] jktdey izdk'ku] 2010

8- dgk¡ pyh xbZa efgyk,¡] fiz;n'kZu] tulÙkk] 15 fnlacj] 2008

ysf[kdk ehfM;k vkSj lkfgR; ij vius dke ds fy, Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr Jh

iz.ko eq[kthZ ls L=kh&'kfä iqjLdkj ls lEekfurA bl le; fnYyh

fo'ofo|ky; ds ysMh Jh jke dkWyst esa i=kdkfjrk foHkkx dh v/;{k gSa

bZ esy– [email protected]

Studying Media: Problems of Theory and Method John

Corner,

,

Edinburgh University Press, 1998

40


vkoj.k dFkk-3fouhr mRiy

l tqykbZ dks 1993 eqacbZ /kekdksa ds nks"kh ;kdwc esuu dks

,d vksj tgka Qkalh nh tk jgh Fkh] ogha baVjusV dh nqfu;k

esa mlls baVjO;w ysus okyh efgyk i=kdkj dh ppkZ Hkh gks jgh FkhA

og baVjO;w Hkh dksbZ fyf[kr QkeZ esa ugha cfYd ohfM;ks baVjO;w Fkk

vkSj ;g baVjO;w djus okyh dksbZ vkSj ugha cfYd e/kq =ksgu FkhA

Û;wt VSªd* dh laLFkkid e/kq =ksgu dh ul&ul esa i=kdkfjrk nkSM+rh

gSA 1968 esa yanu ls tuZfyfLVd QksVksxzkQh dkslZ vkSj dksyafc;k ls

i=kdkfjrk esa ekLVj fMxzh djus okyh e/kq =ksgu us 1975 esa vius

firk oh-oh- iqjh ds lkFk bafM;k VqMs dh LFkkiuk dhA dqN fnuksa rd

vius firk ds lkFk dke djus ds ckn vius ifr vkSj tkus&ekus

ltZu ujs'k =ksgu ds lkFk fons'k pyh xbZA ckn esa Hkkjr ykSVus ij

mUgksaus igyh ohfM;ks U;wt eSxthu Û;wt VªSd* dh LFkkiuk dhA

uCcs feuV dh bl ohfM;ks eSxthu esa crkSj ,adj e/kq =ksgu us dbZ

ukeh&fxjkeh 'k[l ds baVjO;w fy, gSaA ;g ckuxh flQZ e/kq =ksgu

dh ugha gS]cfYd gj ekspsZ ij Hkkjr dh efgyk i=kdkj reke

ijs'kkfu;ka >syus ds ckn Hkh vius ekspsZ ij dk;e jgh gSa vkSj iq#"kksa

ls da/ks&ls&da/ks feykdj py jgh gSaA dbZ ckj tgka mu ij

lkekftd ncko gksrk gS] ogha n¶rjksa esa 'kks"k.k dh f'kdkj Hkh jgh

gSaA ckotwn blds jktuhfr] vkfFkZd ekeyksa ls ysdj Qhpj [kcjksa

ds fy, os iwjh rjg mUeqä mM+ku Hkjrh jgh gSaA fganh fizaV

i=kdkfjrk esa ,d ckr tks vjls ls eglwl dh tkrh jgh gSa fd

efgyk i=kdkj flQZ Qhpj fy[kus esa lhfer gSa] ;g Hkze fiNys dqN

o"kksaZ esa nwj gqvk gSA v[kckjksa esa MsLd ij dke djus okyh efgyk

i=kdkj tgka nsj jkr ;gka rd fd vk/kh jkr ds ckn Hkh iq#"kksa ds

lkFk dke dj jgh gSa] ogha [kksth i=kdkfjrk ls tqM+h efgyk i=kdkj

vius ne ij 30&32 fdyksehVj dk lQj taxy esa lQj djus dk

ekík j[krh gSa vkSj fiz;adk nqcs bldk mnkgj.k gSaA

ubZ ih<+h dks 'kk;n gh ;g tkudkjh gks fd [kksth efgyk

i=kdkjksa dh lwph esa cj[kk nÙk dh eka izHkk nÙk us vius nkSj esa dbZ

luluh [kst LVksjh dh Fkh vkSj ;q){ks=k ls fjiksfVaZx dj [;kfr ikbZ

FkhA ogha mudh nksuksa csfV;ka cj[kk nÙk vkSj cgkj nÙk Hkh

i=kdkfjrk esa gh gSaA cj[kk nÙk ds uke Hkh yhd ls gVdj dbZ dk;Z

ntZ gSaA elyu xqtjkr naxs] dkjfxy ;q) ds le; j.k{ks=k ls lh/ks

fjiksfVaZx] eqacbZ vkradoknh geys dh fjiksfVaZx mudh mYys[kuh;

dk;ksaZ esa 'kkfey gSaA ogha] jktho xka/kh ljdkj dh dcz [kksnus okys

cksQkslZ ?kksVkys ekeys dk inkZQk'k ,d efgyk i=kdkj fp=kk

lqcze.;e us gh fd;k FkkA orZeku esa vkWuykbu U;wt osclkbV

pykus okyh fp=kk ml oä ^n fganw* esa dke dj jgh Fkha vkSj mUgsa

cksQkslZ ekeys esa rhu lkS istksa dk nLrkost gkfly gqvk FkkA ogha]

vrhr gS lq[kn

rh

lrr la?k"kZ ls ikbZ lQyrkfczVsu esa vkradh geyksa dks ysdj ,uMhVhoh dh fuf/k jktnku dh fjiksZfVax D;k dksbZ Hkwy

ldrk gS\ ogha] lkxfjdk ?kks"k vius dfj;j ds 'kq#vkrh nkSj esa bafM;u ,Dlizsl vkSj

VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k ls tqM+h jgha Fkh vkSj og igyh efgyk gSa ftUgksaus chchlh ds yksdfiz;

'kks ^Dos'pu Vkbe bafM;k* dh ,adfjax dhA

e/kq =ksgu

foe'kZehfM;k

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tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

e`.kky ikaMs] ufyfu flag] royhu flag] ef.kekyk] bjk >k] vUuw

vkuan] fuf/k dqyifr] Hkk"kk flag] vuqjk/kk izlkn] vydk lDlsuk]

uhye 'kekZ]vatw iadt] _pk vfu#)] uxek lgj] 'osrk flag]

vatuk vkse d';i] xhrkJh] ofrZdk uank ,sls uke gSa] tks efgyk

i=kdkjksa dh fyLV esa ,d eqdke gkfly fd, gq, gSaA fel bafM;k

thr pqdha feuh esuu us fQYe vkSj QS'ku dh pdkpkSa/k okyh

nqfu;k dks NksM+ la?k"kZ dk jkLrk pqukA mUgksaus i=kdkfjrk dks viuk

dfj;j cuk;k vkSj VhohvkbZ ls vius dfj;j dh 'kq#vkr dhA

blds ckn LVkj Vhoh usVodZ ds lkFk dke fd;kA mUgksaus dbZ

izksxzke dks Hkh gksLV fd;k gSA

ogha e;arh ykaxj LiksV~lZ i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa ,d

tkuk&igpkuk psgjk gS vkSj 2012 QhQk oYMZ di vkSj 2010

dkWeuosYFk xsEl dh ,adfjax dj mUgksaus viuh vyx igpku cukbZ

gSA mUgksaus th LiksV~lZ pSuy ds lkFk dbZ ,slh LVksjh Hkh dh gS] ftls

dkQh ljkgk x;k gSA D;k ikfdLrku vf/kd`r d'ehj] bZjku

ekeyksa ds vykok fczVsu esa vkradh geyksa dks ysdj ,uMhVhoh dh

fuf/k jktnku dh fjiksZfVax dk dksbZ Hkwy ldrk gS\ ogha] lkxfjdk

?kks"k vius dfj;j ds 'kq#vkrh nkSj esa bafM;u ,Dlizsl vkSj VkbEl

vkWQ bafM;k ls tqM+h jgha Fkh vkSj og igyh efgyk gSa ftUgksaus

chchlh ds yksdfiz; ^'kks Dos'pu Vkbe bafM;k* dh ,adfjax dhA

vkt ds nkSj esa [kksth efgyk i=kdkjksa esa fiz;adk nqcs ,d

fof'k"V uke gS vkSj mUgsa bys bafM;k if=kdk us 2014 esa vius

okf"kZdh esa ns'k ds ;qok [kksth efgyk i=kdkjksa esa 'kkfey fd;k FkkA

mUgksaus rgydk fganh if=kdk ds fy, VªSfQfdax vkSj Økbe ls tqM+h

[kcj dh Fkh vkSj blds fy, mUgsa varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij iqjLd`r

fd;k x;kA mUgsa ykMyh ehfM;k vokWMZ ds vykok izsl dkmafly

vkWQ bafM;k us [kksth i=kdkfjrk ds fy, jktk jke eksgu Js.kh dk

vokWMZ fn;k x;k gSA gkykafd rgydk if=kdk ds uke vkSj Hkh dbZ

ns'kh&fons'kh vokWMZ 'kkfey jgs gSaA vkt ls djhc ,d n'kd igys

dbZ v[kckjksa ds Qhpj istksa esa dbZ 'kks/kijd vkSj [kksth [kcjsa Hkh

izdkf'kr gqbZ Fkha vkSj blesa ls ^nSfud fganqLrku* ds fnYyh laLdj.k

;qokvksa ds gSa gkSlys cqyan

cj[kk nÙk

fiz;adk nqcs

42


esa xqM+xkao ds ekWy dYpj dh [kksth jiV dbZ ekeyksa esa vyx FkhA

bl [kksth jiV dk fy[kus okyh oanuk oekZ uked i=kdkj Fkha] tks

fQygky ,uMhVhoh MkWV dkWe esa dk;Zjr gSaA jkeukFk xks;udk

,Dlhysal vokWMZ ls lEekfur 'kksek pkS/kjh ^rgydk* tSlh if=kdk

dh eSusftax ,fMVj jg pqdh gSa vkSj mUgsa lksuh lksjh ij vk/kkfjr

[kcj dks ysdj eqacbZ izsl Dyc vokWMZ ls lEekfur Hkh fd;k x;kA

bruk gh ugha] Lokfr vtqZu] iwtk izlkn] ;ksfxrk ;kno] dksfedk

Hkkj}kt] uferk tks'kh] eatjh prqosZnh ,sls uke gSa] tks vkt Hkh vkl

ca/kkrs gSa fd efgyk i=kdkjksa esa dkQh tks'k gSA bruk gh ugha] jtuh

c['kh] ts HkkX;y{eh] 'khjhu Hkku] nso;kuh pkScy] ve`rk pkS/kjh]

ve`rk phek] 'kSyh pksiM+k] lqus=kk pkS/kjh] fo'kk[kk nÙk] eatjh

tks'kh] jatuk dkS'ky] lhek eqLrQk] dqlqe uS;j vkfn us Hkh

i=kdkfjrk ds u, vk;ke x<+s gSaA gkykafd bl ekeys esa ÝaVykbu

dh Vh-ds- jkty{eh] oh,uvkkbZ dh 'kksHkuk tSu] chchlh dh jfoanj

ckok] vUuiw.kkZ >k] vfnfr diwj] vafcdk iafMr] vferh lsu]

v#.kk flag] bfI'krk cuthZ] deythr dkSj la/kq] izhfr izdk'k]

izhriky dkSj] jatuk lDlsuk vkfn us efgyk i=kdkfjrk dk u;k

bfrgkl jpk gSA ogha ^[kcj ygfj;k* efgyk,a feydj fudky jgh

gSaA nSfud tkxj.k dh fuf/k flag] vijkftrk] fganqLrku dh _rq ds

vykok izHkkr [kcj dh n{kk] nSfud HkkLdj dh :ch tSlh ;qok

i=kdkjksa esa i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; Nqik gSA

rhu o"kZ igys vfuy pefM+;k ds funsZ'ku esa ehfM;k

LVMht xzqi us ns'k ds 250 ls T;knk ftyksa esa LFkkuh; i=kdkjksa esa

efgykvksa dh rknkn dh tkudkjh gkfly dh FkhA v/;;u esa ik;k

x;k fd efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh flQZ 2-7 izfr'kr FkhA muesa Hkh

eq[;/kkjk ds lekpkj i=kksa vkSj pSuyksa esa rknkn csgn de FkhA buesa

Ng jkT;ksa vkSj nks dsanz 'kkflr izns'k ,sls gSa tgka ftyk Lrj ij

efgykvksa dh la[;k ux.; gSA bu jkT;ksa esa vle] >kj[kaM]

ukxkySaM] v#.kkpy izns'k] vksfM'kk vkSj ef.kiqj 'kkfey gSa vkSj dsanz

'kkflr jkT;ksa esa iqMqpsjh vkSj neu o nho 'kkfey gSaA ogha] vka/kz

izns'k esa ftyk Lrj ij dk;Zjr efgyk i=kdkjksa vkSj laikndksa dh

la[;k lcls vf/kd 107 gSA ;g lwph ns'k esa lcls mij gSA

xkSjryc gS fd ;g losZ lwpuk ds vf/kdkj ds rgr izkIr lwpukvksa

ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k FkkA ;g ckr vyx gS fd orZeku esa ns'k

ds reke 'kSf{kd laLFkkuksa esa ehfM;k dkslksaZ esa v/;;u djus okys

fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k c<+ jgh gSA tqykbZ 1979 esa

fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx ds lg;ksx ls izsl baLVhVîwV us ,d

v/;;u esa ik;k fd enzkl vkSj gfj;k.kk ds jksgrd esa i=kdkfjrk

dkslZ djus okys Nk=kksa esa vk/kh ls T;knk la[;k yM+fd;ksa dh FkhA

paMhx<+ esa vk/kh la[;k Hkh mudh gh FkhA bl ekeys esa ek[kuyky

prqosZnh jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk vkSj lapkj fo'ofo|ky;] Hkksiky ds

dqyifr izksQslj c`t fd'kksj dqfB;kyk dgrs gSa fd vkt ds nkSj esa

yM+fd;ka T;knk vk jgh gSa vkSj yM+ds de vk jgs gSa] ,slk ugha gSA

yM+fd;ka T;knk lQy gks jgh gSaA fiNys nl o"kksaZ esa tgka dHkh nksuksa

dk vuqikr yM+ds vkSj yM+fd;ksa dk vuqikr 80 vkSj 20 dk Fkk]

ogha ;g vkadM+k 40 vkSj 60 dk gks x;k gSA lkFk gh fizaV i=kdkfjrk

ds fy, fo|kFkhZ dkQh de vk jgs gSaA bl vksj #>ku de gqvk gSA

izks- dqfB;kyk ds vuqlkj] ,d oä Fkk tc gj cPpk ;g lksprk Fkk

gkykr vHkh Hkh lgh ugha

f'kjhu Hkku

fuf/k jktnku

foe'kZehfM;k

43

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

fd og dSejs ds lkeus vk,

vkSj mldk psgjk Vhoh ij

fn[ks ysfdu vc ,slk ugha

gSA vc cPpksa dks irk gS fd

dSejs ds lkeus ,d dke gS

vkSj blds ihNs nwljk dkeA

orZeku esa yM+ds de ugha

vk jgs cfYd yM+fd;ka

T;knk vk jgh gS aA

euksfoKku dk 'kks/k dgrk

gS fd yM+fd;ks a e s a

jpukRedrk dk iqV vf/kd

gksrk gSA

fg an q Lr ku dh

ofj"B i=kdkj jkoh f}osnh us

vius dfj;j dh 'kq#vkr nSfud tkxj.k dkuiqj ls dh FkhA pwafd

mudk ljksdkj i=kdkjksa ds ifjokj ls Fkk] ,sls esa tkfgj gS fd mUgsa

irk Fkk fd i=kdkj n¶rj dk ekgkSy dSlk gksrk gSA gkykafd jkr dh

ikfy;ksa esa dke djus ds fy, mUgsa fyf[kr rkSj ij laiknd dks i=k

fy[kdj nsuk iM+k fd og jkr dh ikfy;ksa esa dke djsaxhA gkykafd

bl ekeys dks dkQh xaHkhjrk ls fy;k x;k vkSj mu ij ncko Mkyk

x;kA ysfdu jkoh vius edln esa dke;kc jgha vkSj 1998 ls

yxkrkj jkr dh ikfy;ksa esa dke dj jgh gSaA fganqLrku v[kckj ds

jk"Vªh; laLdj.k ds fnYyh n¶rj esa gkykafd muds lkFk dbZ efgyk

lg;ksxh vc dke djrh gSaA bl ekeys esa fganqLrku izca/ku Hkh

efgyk deZpkfj;ksa dh fnDdrksa dks le>rk gS vkSj izca/ku us efgyk

i=kdkjksa dks gj rjg dh leL;k ls cpkus ds fy, efgyk foax Hkh

cuk j[kk gSA gkykafd lHkh laLFkkuksa esa ,slh ckr ugha gSA i=kdkfjrk

gYds esa ,d dgkuh djhc nks&rhu o"kZ igys lquh xbZ Fkh fd tc

,d jk"Vªh; laLFkku ds uks,Mk dk;kZy; esa ,d ;qok efgyk fjiksVZj

us C;wjh phQ ds }kjk ;kSu 'kks"k.k fd, tkus dk vkjksi yxk;k rks

igys rks C;wjks phQ dks tcjnLrh Nqêh ij Hkstk x;k vkSj efgyk

i=kdkj ij vkjksi okil ysus dk ncko Mkyk x;kA gkykafd ckn esa

laLFkku us cnukeh ds Mj ls ml C;wjks phQ dh iwjh rjg Nqêh dj nh

vkSj ckn esa ml ;qok i=kdkj dks Hkh ckgj dk jkLrk fn[kk;k x;kA

efgyk i=kdkjksa dh fLFkfr vkSj fjiksfVaZx esa gksus okys ijs'kkuh dks

ysdj ,uMhVhoh dh i=kdkj oanuk oekZ xqM+xkao dh fjiksVZ dks ysdj

crkrh gSa fd ml le; xqM+xkao fLFkr lgkjk ekWy esa nsj jkr

yM+fd;ksa ds vkRegR;k dh dbZ ?kVuk,a ?kV pqdh FkhaA eq>s dk;kZy;

dh vksj ls dksbZ lqj{kk eqgS;k ugha djkbZ xbZ FkhA eSa vius

QksVksxzkQj lkFkh vatfy flUgk vkSj fo'kky Bkdqj ds lkFk jkr ds

Ms<+ cts ogka dh fjiksfVaZx ds fy, xbZ FkhA ogka igqapus ij gekjs ihNs

nks xqaMs Hkh yx x, Fks vkSj ckn esa cM+h eqf'dy ls nksuksa ls ihNk

NqM+k;k FkkA ysfdu gesa dqN djuk Fkk] blfy, geus bldh fjiksfVaZx

dh FkhA oanuk crkrh gSa fd vHkh Hkh fjiksfVaZx ds fy, efgyk

i=kdkjksa dks fjLd ysuk iM+rk gS vkSj fnYyh ds [kjkc ekgkSy ds

dkj.k muds ifjokj ds yksxksa ds vykok laLFkku dk fpafrr gksuk

ykfteh gSA cgjgky] ns'k dh efgyk i=kdkjksa dk vrhr vkSj

orZeku lqugjk gSA fiNys dbZ n'kdksa ls f?kjh mudh leL;k,a

/khjs&/khjs [kRe gks jgh gSaA dkWjiksjsV dYpj us iq#"k vkSj efgyk ds

chp dh [kkbZ dkQh de dh gSA dkWjiksjsV vc laikndh; ij gkoh

gks jgk gS vkSj laiknd izca/ku ds lkFk dne&rky feykdj dke dj

jgs gSa vkSj tkfgj lh ckr gS fd i=kdkjksa ds tgka osru c<+s gSa] ogha

efgyk i=kdkjksa dh lqj{kk dks ysdj Hkh reke rjg ds mik; ykxw

fd, tk jgs gSaA

dkQh gS la?k"kZ

ys[kd nSfud fganqLrku ds fnYyh laLdj.k esa eq[; milaiknd gSaA

eksckby ua- 09911364316

'kksek pkS/kjh

44


js lkeus ,d jk"Vªh; lkIrkfgd dk 18

fnlacj] 2013 dk vad gSA ftldh

vkoj.k dFkk ,d lsDl losZ ij vk/kkfjr gS vkSj

mldk 'kh"kZd gS& êfgykvksa dk eu ekaxs eksj*A

,d eq[;/kkjk dh lekpkj if=kdk esa izdkf'kr

;g vkoj.k dFkk crkrh gS fd vkf[kj L=kh dh

rjQ ns[kus dh ehfM;k dh n`f"V D;k gSA vkSjr

dh nsg bl le; ehfM;k dk lcls yksdfiz;

foe'kZ gSA lsDl vkSj ehfM;k ds leUo; ls tks

vFkZ'kkL=k curk gS] mlus lkjs ewY;ksa dks

'kh"kkZlu djok fn;k gSA fQYeksa] baVjusV]

eksckby] Vhoh pSuyksa ls vkxs vc og eqfnzr

ek/;eksa ij iljk iM+k gSA ehfM;k us mnkjhdj.k ds ckn cktkj esa

,dne ubZ vkSjr mrkj nh gS] tks vkRefo'okl ls Hkjh gS vkSj reke

oftZr {ks=kksa esa viuh ekStwnxh ntZ djkus ds fy, mRlqd gSA bl

lcds chp ehfM;k dh dqN ldkjkRed Hkwfedk Hkh gS tks js[kkafdr

dh tkuh pkfg,A vkSjr dh ,d ubZ igpku cukus vkSj LFkkfir

djus esa mlus ,d cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA lkSan;Z ,oa vkd"kZ.k ls

brj ,d egRokdka{kh vkSj deZB Nfo cukus esa enn dh gSA efgyk

vf/kdkj vkSj Lora=krk ds lkFk&lkFk ifjokj ds vanj og ,d

fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk esa utj vk jgh gSA efgyk m|ferk ds lkFk&lkFk

lekt esa efgykvksa ds la?k"kZ dks Hkh ehfM;k us Loj fn;k gSA fdarq

dqN ldkjkRed i{kksa ds lkFk mldk efgyk dks ,d lsDl vkCtsDV

ds :i esa is'k djus dk joS;k lcls [krjukd gS] tks mlds lHkh

iq.;deksaZ ij ikuh Qsj nsrk gSA

fizaV ehfM;k tks igys vius nSfgd foe'kksaZ ds fy, Îysck;*

;k ^Mscksfu;j* rd lhfer Fkk vc nSfud v[kckjksa ls ysdj gj

i=k&if=kdk esa viuh txg cuk pqdk gSA v[kckjksa esa XySej oYMZ ds

dkWye gh ugha [kcjksa ds i`"Bksa ij Hkh yxHkx fuoZlu fo"kdU;kvksa

dk dSVokx [kklh txg ?ksjk jgk gSA og iwjk gYykcksy 24 ?kaVs ds

pSuyksa ds dksykgy vkSj lqcg ds v[kckjksa ds ek/;e ls nSfud

gksdj ftanxh esa ,d [kkl txg cuk pqdk gSA 'kk;n blhfy,

baVjusV ds ek/;e ls pyus okyk Xykscy lsDl cktkj djhc 60

vjc MkWyj rd tk igqapk gSA eksckby ds u, iz;ksxksa us bl

dkjksckj dks 'kfä nh gSA ,d vkadM+s ds eqrkfcd eksckby ij

v'yhyrk dk dkjksckj Hkh ikap lkyksa esa 5 vjc MkWyj rd tk

igqapsxkA bl iwjs okrkoj.k dks bysDVªkfud Vhoh pSuyksa us vk¡/kh esa

cny fn;k gSA fizaV ehfM;k vc blls gksM+ ys jgk gSA baVjusV us lgh

:i esa vius O;kid ykHkksa ds ckotwn lcls T;knk Qk;nk lsDl

dkjksckj dks igq¡pk;kA iwath dh rkdrsa lsDlq,fyVh dks ikjn'khZ

cukus esa tqVh gSA ehfM;k blesa mudk lg;ksxh cuk gS] v'yhyrk

vkSj lsDl ds dkjksckj dks ehfM;k fdl rjg Xykscy cuk jgk gS

nSfgd foe'kksaZ dk okgd%

es

;gka fn[k jgk gS fdl L=kh dk psgjk

vLlh ds n'kd esa nqiês dks ijpe dh rjg ygjkrh ih<+h vk;h] fQj uCcs dk n'kd fcduh

dk vk;k vkSj vc lkjh gnsa ikj dj pqdh gekjh fQYeksa rFkk ehfM;k ,d ,sls nsg jkx esa

Mwcs gSa tgka lsDl ,drjQk foe'kZ vkSj fofue; ij vkeknk gSA mlds dsanz esa Hkkjrh; L=kh

gS vkSj mís'; mldh 'kqfprk dk migj.kA

vkoj.k dFkk-4lat; f}osnh

foe'kZehfM;k

45

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

bldk mnkgj.k fo'o di QqVcky esa ns[kus dks feykA ehfM;k

fjiksVZ ls gh gesa irk pyk fd teZuh ds reke os';ky; blds fy,

rS;kj Fks vkSj nqfu;k Hkj ls os';k,a ogk¡ igqaphaA dqN foKkiu fo'o

di ds bl iwjs mRlkg dks bl rjg O;ä djrs Fks êSp ds fy, ugha]

ekSt ds fy, vkb,*A tkfgj gS ehfM;k us gj ekeys dks Xykscy cuk

fn;k gSA gekjs ^xksiu foe'kksaZ* dks ^vksiu* djus esa ehfM;k dk ,d

[kkl jksy gSA 'kk;n blhfy, ehfM;k ds da/kksa ij lokj ;g lsDl

dkjksckj rsth ls Xykscy gks jgk gSA egkuxjksa esa yksxksa dh lsDl

gSfcV~l dks ysdj Hkh eqfnzr ek/;eksa esa losZ{k.k Nkius dh gksM+ gSA os

Nkirs gSa 80 izfr'kr efgyk,a 'kknh ds iwoZ lsDl ds fy, lger gSaA

njvly ;g Nkik x;k lcls cM+k >wB gSaA ;s i=k&if=kdkvksa ds

O;kikj vkSj iwath xkaBus dk ,d ukikd xBtksM+ vkSj ra=k gSA

lsDl dks ckj&ckj doj LVksjh dk fo"k; cukdj ;s mls

jkstejkZ dh pht cuk nsuk pkgrs gSaA bl "kM~;a=k esa 'kkfey ehfM;k

cktkj dh ck/kk,a gVk jgk gSA fQYeksa dh tks xanxh dgh tkrh Fkh

og 'kk;n mruk uqdlku u dj ik, tSlk /keky bu fnuksa eqfnzr

ek/;e epk jgs gSaA dkeksÙkstd okrkoj.k dks cukus vkSj cspus dh

;g gksM+ de gksrh ugha fn[krhA ehfM;k dk gj ek/;e ,d&nwljs ls

vkxs fudyus dh gksM+ esa gSA ;g gksM+ gS uaxbZ dhA mldk foe'kZ gS&

nsg ^tgj*] êMZj*] ^dfy;qx*] ^xSxLVj*] ^[okfg'k*] ^ftLe*]

^xksfy;ksa dh jklyhyk* tSlh reke fQYeksa us cktkj esa ,d ubZ

fganqLrkuh vkSjr mrkj nh gSA ftls ns[kdj lekt peRd`r gSA diM+s

mrkjus ij vkeknk bl L=kh ds n'kZu ds n'kZu us ehfM;k izca/kdksa ds

vkRefo'okl dks fgykdj j[k fn;k gSA ,M~l dh chekjh us iwath ds

rkdrksa ds y{; la/kku dks vkSj vklku dj fn;k gSA vc loky

fj'rksa dh 'kqfprk dk ugha] fo'okl dk ugha] lkFkh ls oQknkjh dk

ugha& daMkse dk MSA daMkse us vlqjf{kr ;kSu ds [krjs dks ,d ,sls

[krjukd foe'kZ esa cny fn;k gS] tgk¡ O;olkf;drk dh gnsa 'kq: gks

tkrh gSA ofj"B i=kdkj uohu tks'kh dgrs gSa fd& ßvkt Hkh

i=kdkfjrk esa efgykvksa dk izfr'kr Hkys c<+ x;k gks fdarq efgyk

eqíksa ds izfr laosnuk dh cgqr deh gSA vf/kdka'k efgyk,a iq#"k

ekufldrk ls Hkjh gqbZ gSa] vkSj ,slh efgykvksa ds laosnuk dk Lrj

vf/kd tkx:d ugha gSAÞ

vLlh ds n'kd esa nqiês dks ijpe dh rjg ygjkrh ih<+h

vk;h] fQj uCcs dk n'kd fcduh dk vk;k vkSj vc lkjh gnsa ikj

dj pqdh gekjh fQYeksa rFkk ehfM;k ,d ,sls nsg jkx esa Mwcs gSa tgka

lsDl ,drjQk foe'kZ vkSj fofue; ij vkeknk gSA mlds dsanz esa

Hkkjrh; L=kh gS vkSj mís'; mldh 'kqfprk dk migj.kA lsDl

lkaLd`frd fofue; dh igyh lh<+h gSA 'kk;n blhfy, tc dksbZ Hkh

geykoj fdlh Hkh tkrh; vfLerk ij geyk cksyrk gS rks fu'kkus

ij lcls igys mldh vkSjrsa gksrh gSaA ;g cktkjokn vc Hkkjrh;

vfLerk ds vigj.k esa yxk gS& fu'kkuk Hkkjrh; vkSjrsa gSaA Hkkjrh;

L=kh ds lkSan;Z ij fo'o dk vpkud eqX/k gks tkuk] ns'k esa fel

;quholZ] fel oYMZ dh drkj yx tkuk&[krjs dk ladsrd gh FkkA

ge ml "kM+;a=k dks Hkkai ugha ik,A vejhdh cktkj dk ;g

v'oes?k] fnfXot; djrk gqvk gekjh vfLerk dk vigj.k dj ys

x;kA ^,yfQu* dh laiknd js[kk ruohj dgrh gSa fd ßvkt vkSjr

dk XySejl fgLlk cgqr c<+k&p<+kdj izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA---vkSjr

dks vlyh :i esa izLrqr djuk vHkh ckdh gS ftlls mldh igpku

cusAÞ

i=kdkj dqedqe 'kekZ Hkh bl ckr ls ,d lk{kkRdkj esa

lgefr fn[kkrh gSa& os dgrh gSa& ßehfM;k vkt L=kh dh Nfo dks

cgqr fod`r djds ijksl jgk gSA mudh igpku L=kh nsg ds ukrs cu

jgh gSA vkSjrsa yxkrkj le>kSrs dj jgh gSa vkSj vius vkidks

igpku ugha ik jgh gSaAÞ

bfrgkl dh bl ?kM+h esa gekjs ikl lkbcj dSQs gSa] tks

bysDVªkWfud pdyk?kjksa esa cny jgs gSaA gekjs csVs&csfV;ksa ds lkbcj

ÝsaM ls v'yhy ppkZvksa esa e'kxwy gSaA daMkse ds jkLrs xqtj dj

vkrk gqvk izse gSA vc lqanjrk ifj/kkuksa esa ugha ugha mUgsa mrkjus esa

gSA dqN lky igys L=kh dks lcds lkeus Nwrs gkFk dkairs Fks vc mls

pwesa fcuk ckr ugha curhA dSVokd djrs diM+s fxjs gksa] ;k dSejksa esa

ntZ pqacu fØ;k,a] ;s dyad ifCyflVh ds dke vkrs gSaA ykaNu vc

bl nkSj esa miyfC/k;ksa esa cny jgs gSaA ^Hkksxks vkSj eqä gks]* ;gh bl

;qx dk lR; gSA dSls lqanj fn[ksa vkSj dSls ênZ* dh vka[k dk

vkd"kZ.k cusa ;gh ifgyk i=kdkfjrk dk ewy foe'kZ gSA thou 'kSyh

vc ^ykbQ LVkby* esa cny x;k gSA cktkjokn ds eq[; gfFk;kj

^foKkiu* vc u,&u, :i /kjdj gesa yqHkk jgs gSaA uXurk gh L=kh

Lokra=; dk i;kZ; cu x;h gSA esxk ekYl] Å¡ph Å¡ph bekjrsa]

fMtkbuj diM+ksa ds fo'kky 'kks:e] jkrHkj pyus okyh eknd

ikfVZ;ka vkSj cfYy;ksa mNyrk u'khyk mRlkgA bl iwjs ifjn`'; dks

vius u, lkSan;Zcks/k ls ijkslrk] mxyrk ehfM;k ,d ,slh nqfu;k

jp jgk gS tgk¡ ct jgk gS flQZ nsgjkx] nsgjkx vkSj nsgjkxA bl

lewps ifjn`'; dks ge HkkSapd gksdj ns[k jgs gSaA ysf[kdk vkSj

miU;kldkj t;k tknokuh fy[krh gSa& ßdkSu lh vkSjr [kM+h gS bl

LØhu ij og tks vkbVe xyZ gS] NksVs diM+s igurh gS] cM+s&cM+s ilZ]

cktkj dh ck/kk,a gVk jgk gS ehfM;k%

1

2

3

46


gkbZghy ds 'kw igurh gSA ,d&,d yk[k dk eky 'kjhj ij---?kj

cukrh ugha] rksM+rh gS--A oSlS ?kjksa dk tks gky gS] VwV gh tkus

pkfg,A---fL=k;ksa dh ehfM;k esa lkspuh; Hkwfedk ds fy, flQZ

ehfM;k gh ftEesnkj gS D;k\ [kqn L=kh\ bl reke psgjksa esa mldk

vlyh psgjk dkSu lk gS\ dc vk,xh og eq[kkSVksa ds ihNs ls vius

okLrfod :i esa\Þ

bu reke ladVksa ds chp Hkh L=kh vkt ds le; esa og ?kj

vkSj ckgj nksuksa LFkkuksa visf{kr vknj izkIr dj jgh gSA og lekt

dks u, utfj;s ls ns[k jgh gSA mldk vkdyu dj jgh gS vkSj

vius fy, fujarj u, f{kfrt [kksy jgh gSA ,slh lkeZF;'kkyh L=kh

dks f'k[kj Nwus ds volj nsus ds ctk, ge mls cktkj ds tky esa

Qalk jgs gSaA og viuh futrk vkSj lkSan;Zcks/k ds lkFk thus dh

fLFkfr;ka vkSj vknj lekt thou esa izkIr dj lds gesa bldk

iz;kl djuk pkfg,A gekjs

lekt esa fL=k;ksa ds izfr /kkj.kk

fujarj cny jgh gSA og

u,&u, lksikuksa dk Li'kZ dj

jgh gSA ekrk&firk dh lksp

Hkh cny jgh gS os viuh

cfPp;ksa ds csgrj fodkl ds

fy, reke tru dj jgs gSaA

L=kh lgh ek;us esa bl nkSj esa

T;knk 'kfä'kkyh gksdj mHkjh

gSA fdarq cktkj gj txg

f'kdkj ryk'k gh ysrk gSA og

vk Sjr dh 'kfä dk

cktkjhdj.k djuk pkgrk gSA gesa ns[kuk gksxk fd Hkkjrh; L=kh ij

eqX/k cktkj mldh 'kfä rks cus fdarq mldk 'kks"k.k u dj ldsA

vkt esa ehfM;ke; vkSj foKkiuh cktkj esa vkSjr ds fy, gj dne

ij [krjs gSaA iy&iy ij mlds fy, cktkj lts gSaA nsg ds Hkh] :i

ds Hkh] izfrHkk ds Hkh] dyad ds HkhA gn rks ;g fd dyad Hkh

ifCyflVh ds dke vk jgs gSaA D;ksafd ;g le; dg jgk gS fd nkx

vPNs gSaA cktkj blh rjg ls gesa fj>k jgk gS vkSj cksyh yxk jgk gSA

gesa bl le; ls cprs gq, blds csgrj izHkkoksa dks xzg.k djuk gSA

iz[;kr vkykspd fot;cgknqj flag fy[krs gSa fd& ßblesa lansg ugha

fd ehfM;k us L=kh ds fy, laHkkoukvksa ds lSdM+ksa xok{k [kksy fn,

gSaA ;s ftrus :igys vkSj pedhys gSa] mrus gh vkReLe`frewyd

¼;kuh fd vius dks igpkuus dh lqfo/kk iznku djus okys½ vkSj

vkRefu[kkj ds ekSds nsus okys HkhA ge vxj mls flQZ cktkj eku

ysa] rc Hkh ,d ;g xqatkb'k cph gh jgrh gS fd ge ogka ,d

izfrLi/khZ mifLFkfr ds fy, Lok/khurk ds lkFk la?k"kZjr jgsaA xk;u]

u`R;] vfHku;] dyk&dkS'ky dh vU; Hkwfedkvksa esa ehfM;k us L=kh

ds fy, yxHkx ;qxkUrj gh mifLFkr dj fn;k gSAÞ

ehfM;k ds bl mtys i{k dh O;kid mifLFkfr Hkh fn[krh

gSA Vhoh ek/;e ds foLrkj us ;qofr;ksa vkSj efgykvksa dks ,d ubZ

'kfä nh gSA U;wt :e tks fizaV ehfM;k dh 'kkga'kkgh esa iq#"kksa ls Hkjs

Fks] vc Vhoh ehfM;k nkSj esa U;wt :e vkSjrksa dh mifLFkfr ls gh ubZ

igpku vftZr dj jgs gSaA Vhoh ij fn[kus ds vykok mlds ihNs Hkh

fL=k;ksa dh ,d cM+h 'kfä gh dke dj jgh gSA euksjatu txr esa

,drk diwj tSls reke mnkgj.k fn[krs gSa rks U;wt ehfM;k esa

vuqjk/kk izlkn tSlh gfLr;ka Hkh gSa] tks Lo;a dbZ pSuyksa vkSj jsfM;ks

LVs'kuksa dh ekyfdu gSaA ckotwn blds ehfM;k dh rjQ ns[kus dh

n`f"V D;k gS bldk mYys[k djrs gq, fot;cgknqj flag fy[krs gSa fd

ßvkSlr fuEu e/;oxhZ; vkSj dHkh&dHkh e/;oxhZ; fnekx Hkh ;g

lkspk djrk gS fd ehfM;k fL=k;ksa ds fy, ,d lafnX/k vkSj [krjukd

{ks=k gSA ,sls fe=kksa ls ;g dguk t:jh gS f'k{kk vkSj ukSdj'kkgh ds

{ks=k esa ;s viokn igys ls tkjh gSA fQj L=kh vc [kqn igys dh

rqyuk esa vf/kd Lora=krkfiz; vkSj vkRefo'oklh gq;h gSAÞ ogha

iz[;kr ysf[kdk Mk- dey dqekj dk dguk gS fd* ßlsDl dh

mUeqä vfHkO;fä] L=kh 'kjhj ds uXu izn'kZu dh o`f)A baVjusV]

fMftVy VsDukykth] eksckby] dSejk] ohfM;ks ij iksuksZxzkQh dk

leFkZu ij fgalk ugha rks D;k gS \----Hkksx foykl vkSj lq[k lqfo/kk

dks thou dk y{; cuk nsuk] lwpukvksa dks lÙkk cuk nsuk vkSj

4 5

u gks vkSjr dh 'kfä dk cktkjhdj.k%

foe'kZehfM;k

47

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

cktkj dks lekt cuk ysus dk dke ehfM;k dj jgk gSAÞ

blesa nks jk; ugha dh ubZ cktkjoknh O;oLFkk ls izsfjr

ehfM;k us vkSjr dh cksyh yxkuh 'kq: dh gS] mlds Hkko c<+s gSaA

lkSan;Z ds cktkj dne&dne ij lt x, gSa] ysfdu cktkj dk ;g

vkea=k.k] ehfM;k ds vkea=k.k tSlk ugha gSA nksuksa txgksa ij mldh

pqukSfr;ka vyx gSaA lkSan;Z ds cktkj esa L=kh fojks/kh ijaijk,a vkSj

uktqdrk :i cnydj fcd jgh gS] ysfdu ehfM;k ds eap ij L=kh

dk vkea=k.k muds nkf;Rocks/k] usr`Ro{kerk vkSj n{krk dk vkea=k.k

Hkh gSA ftl Hkh uh;r ls gks] ;g vkea=k.k lkFkZd cnyko dh mEehn

txkrk gSA Hkkjrh; L=kh us bl vkea=k.k dks Lohdkjk gS Hkkjrh;

ehfM;k dk psgjk&eksgjk cnydj j[k fn;k gSA ehfM;k esa Hkh vc os

vius f[kykQ gks jgs vR;kpkj ds fo:) Hkh [kM+h gks jgh gSa ¼izlax%

r#.k rstiky½A rc egkekuo xkSre cq) }kjk <kbZ gtkj lky

igys dgh xbZ ;g mfä ds ^L=kh gksuk gh nq%[k gS* 'kk;n vizklafxd

gks tk, vkSj fQj 'kk;n fdlh ikesayk cksfMZl dks ;g dgus dh

t:jr u iM+s fd ^;g lekt vc Hkh feêh&xkjs dh cuh >qXxh esa

jgrk gSA* 1990 ds ckn vkbZ HkweaMyhdj.k vkSj mnkjhdj.k dh

vka/kh us lgh ek;us esa Hkkjrh; lekt dks lc {ks=kksa esa izHkkfor

fd;k gSA ehfM;k esa izos'k dj vkbZ fons'kh iwath us gekjs ehfM;k dks

Hkh izHkkfor fd;kA ftls gekjs le; ds Js"B laiknd izHkk"k tks'kh

dHkh xqLls ;k {kksHk ls vkokjk iwath Hkh dgrs jgsA Hkkjrh; ehfM;k

ds bl loZO;kih vkSj loZxzklh izHkko dh vksj lekt HkkSapd gksdj

ns[k jgk gSA blds O;kid mBk jgs Hkkjrh; ehfM;k esa vkRekykspu

dh izo`fÙk ds ckotwn og lgh vkSj ljksdkjh fodYiksa dh vksj ns[k

ugha ik jgk gSA 'kk;n blhfy, ehfM;k izk/;kid ehrk mTtSu dks

yxrk gS fd ehfM;k esa L=kh dh psgjk gS mlds eqís ughaA vius ys[k

esa os fy[krh gSa& ß90 dk n'kd mnkjhdj.k vkSj HkweaMyhdj.k dh

vka/kh ds chp ,d ubZ pqukSrh ysdj vk;kA tgka cktkj us Hkkjr

vkSj bafM;k dh foHkktu js[kk dks vkSj xgjk dj fn;kA ogha nwljh

vksj efgykvksa dks laHkkoukvksa dk u;k vkdk'k iznku fd;kA ;g

nkSj Fkk Hkkjr ls fo'olqanfj;ka fudyus dk] ftlesa gj {ks=k esa vkSjrsa

viuh nenkj mifLFkfr ntZ djk jgh FkhaA blesa mudk

vkRefo'okl vkSj vkRefuHkZjrk nksuksa c<+rs fn[k jgs FksA---

mnkjhdj.k us tgka efgykvksa ds fy, u, volj fn, ogha muds

'kks"k.k ds jkLrs Hkh [kksy fn,AÞ mnkjhdj.k ds vlj us tgka

ehfM;k esa efgykvksa dh HkkSfrd ekStwnxh dks c<+k fn;k ogha ns[ksa rks

muds 'kks"k.k ds vusd jkLrs Hkh [kksy fn,A bl ckr dk v/;;u

fd;k tkuk 'ks"k gS fd mnkjhdj.k dh bl vka/kh ds ckn vkSjrksa ds

f[kykQ tqYe c<+s gSa ;k de gq, gSaA muds izfr vijk/k 'kgjksa Hkh

iui jgs gSaA eqacbZ&fnYyh tSlS 'kgj Hkh vkSjrksa ds f[kykQ tqYe <krs

utj vk jgs gSaA lkewfgd cykRdkj] L=kh ds izfr fgalk dh [kcjksa ls

lekpkj ek/;e iVs iM+s gSaA ehrk fy[krh gSa& ßbu lkjh ifjfLFkfr;ksa

esa ,d u;k iz'u [kM+k gqvk gS fd efgyk ;k mlls tqM+s eqíksa dh

txg ehfM;k esa dgka gS] fdl ist ij gSA ehfM;k efgykvksa ds psgjksa

ls lq'kksfHkr gS] exj efgyk eqíksa ls eqag pqjkrk gSAÞ

lewpk ifjn`'; crkrk gS fd eq[;/kkjk ds ehfM;k esa L=kh

ds loky ml rjg ls LFkkfir ugha gks lds gSa ftl ifjek.k esa L=kh

'kfä dk izdVhdj.k gqvk gSA mlds iwjs pfj=k esa vkt Hkh ,d

vlarqyu gSA ;g ,d ehfM;k dh ukdkeh gh gS] ftl ij mls fujarj

vkRekykspu dh t:jr gSA 1949 esa fleksu n cksoqvkj us viuh

fdrkc ^n lsdaM lsDl* esa LFkkiuk nh Fkh fd ßvkSjr iSnk ugha gksrh

cfYd cukbZ tkrh gSAÞ mudh ckr vkt Hkh izklafxd gS D;ksafd

gekjs reke HkkSfrd fodkl ds ckotwn ge ekufld vkSj lkekftd

Lrj ij L=kh dks og txg ugha ns ik, gSa ftldh og gdnkj gSA

ehfM;k Hkh blls eqä ugha gS D;ksafd og Hkh blh lkekftd O;oLFkk

ls [kkn&ikuh ihdj curk vkSj izHkkoh gksrk gSA

1- 'kqDyk lq/kk% efgyk i=kdkfjrk] izdk'kd% izHkkr izdk'ku]

fnYyh] i`"B&217

2- ogh] i`"B&222

3- ogh]i`"B&240

4- tknokuh t;k% dkSu gks rqe ifrr ikou iwT;k\ ehfM;k

foe'kZ ¼=kSekfld½ vDVwcj&fnlacj] 2009 Hkksiky] i`"B%19

5- flag fot;cgknqj% ,d ;qxkarj gS ehfM;k L=kh ds fy,% ehfM;k

foe'kZ ¼=kSekfld½ vDVwcj&fnlacj] 2009 Hkksiky] i`"B%14

6- ogh

7- dqekj dey% L=kh dh cgqrsjh Nfo;k% ehfM;k foe'kZ

¼=kSekfld½ vDVwcj&fnlacj] 2009 Hkksiky] i`"B%10

8- mTtSu ehrk% ;gka L=kh dk psgjk gS] mlds loky ugh% ehfM;k

foe'kZ ¼=kSekfld½] vizSy&twu] 2012] i`"B% 90

9- ogh

7

8

9

lanHkZ

ys[kd ek[kuyky prqosZnh jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky;]

Hkksiky esa tulapkj foHkkx ds v/;{k gSa rFkk ehfM;k foe'kZ if=kdk ds

dk;Zdkjh laiknd gSaA

bZ&esy& ] eks- [email protected]

48


c ge ehfM;k dgrs gSa rks

vk/kqfud ;qx dk i;kZ;

cu tkrk gSA vkfn ;qx esa Hkh phtas

Fkh ijarq vkt tSlh ughaA :i

cnyk] 'kCn cnys thou dk

cnyuk LokHkkfod gks x;kA ,sls

esa efgykvksa us D;k ifjorZu fd;k

rks Hkh vius thou ds fy, bls

tkuuk rHkh laHko gksxk tc ge

mUgsa muds Lrj ij tkusA izkjaHk esa

lekpkj vFkok lans'k izlkj.k ds

ek/;e ls nwjHkk"k] rkj] lekpkj

i=k] if=kdk,¡] jsfM;ks] Vh-oh-]

flusek bR;kfnA bUgha lHkh 'kCnksa

dks ,d lkFk vaxzsth esa ;fn

ehfM;k dgk tk, rks xyr u

gksxkA blh Øe esa lapkj ra=k us bysDVªkWfud vkSj varfj{k foKku ds

;qx esa izos'k fd;k rFkk blds O;kid rFkk fojkV ifjos'k us bls uke

fn;k eYVhehfM;k dkA vc rks ;s daI;wVj ls tqMdj oSf'od Lrj ij

igq¡p x;k gSA

bDdhloha lnh esa rks ehfM;k dk izHkko bruk c<+k gS fd

;g 'kfDr dk dsUnz cu x;k gS vkSj bldh 'kfDr fujarj c<+rh tk

jgh gS] vc fizaV ehfM;k ds ckn bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k us muds laiw.kZ

thou ds ifjn`'; gh cny fn, gSaA ge lHkh dh lqcg ls ysdj jkr

rd dh fnup;kZ vc buds ek/;e ls fu/kkZfjr gq;h gSaA lqcg

mBdj v[kckj] fQj jsfM;ks] fQj Vsyhfotu baVjusV ,oa eksckby

bu lHkh ds bnZ&fxnZ gekjk thou ?kwerk jgrk gSA vkt dsoy

efgyk,a ?kj ds dkeksa esa gh ugha] oju lHkh {ks=kksa esa dk;Zjr gSaA

ehfM;k] lkfgR;] dyk] lkSan;Z] laLd`fr vkSj L=kh dh

vud Nfo;k¡ izLrqr djrk gSA ;g dkykuqlkj ifjofrZr gksrk jgrk

gSA vkt ewy iz'u gS fd L=kh gksus dk vFkZ D;k gS\ tc ge ehfM;k

dks efgykvksa ds fy, ,d jkstxkj eku cSBrs gSa rks iz'u ;g Hkh

mBrk gS fd mls fdl :i esa ns[krk gS\ iz'u mBrk gS fd efM;k mls

fdl ehfM;k L=kh dh cgqvk;keh] O;kid] fofo/k :ih Nfo dks ftl

ladh.kZ vFkZ esa ifjlhfer dj jgk gS og rks jkstxkj dh ifjHkk"kk

ugha gks ldrhA ;g ;qx vfLrRo ds cks/k dk ;qx ukfj;ksa ds fy, gS

;gh dkj.k gS fd vkt f'kf{kr&izf'kf{kr] Lora=k lksp okyh ukfj;k¡

ehfM;k dh cktkjoknh laLd`fr Vh-oh- ds ek/;e ls gekjs ?kjks esa

?kql vkbZ gSaA bruk gh ugha rks vkt varjjk"Vªh; cktkjokn dk ;qx

gS\ ,sls esa cktkj dsoy viuk equkQk ns[krk gS rks Hkyk ukfj;ksa ds

jkstxkj dk D;k\ jkstxkj dbZ izdkj ds gksrs gSa& fQYeksa esa dgkuh

;gk¡ os jp jgha gSa u;k bfrgkl

t

21oha lnh esa ehfM;k dk izHkko bruk gS fd ;g 'kfDr dk dsanz cu x;k vkSj bldh 'kfDr fujarj c<+rh tk jgh gSA

vc fizaV ehfM;k ds ckn bysDVªWkfud ehfM;k us muds laiw.kZ thou ds ifjn`'; gh cny fn, gSaA lqcg ls ysdj jkr

rd dh fnup;kZ vc buds ek/;e ls fu/kkZfjr gksrh gSA ehfM;k] lkfgR;] dyk] lkSan;Z] laLd`fr vkSj L=kh dh vud

Nfo;k¡ izLrqr djrs gSaA ;g dkykuqlkj ifjofrZr gksrk jgrk gSA vkt iz'u gS fd L=kh gksus dk vFkZ D;k gS\

vkoj.k dFkk-5lfork flag

foe'kZehfM;k

49

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

fy[kdj jkstxkj ikuk] vfHku; djds jkstxkj ikuk] xkuk xkdj

jkstxkj ikuk tqM+s gSa ysfdu cktkjoknh laLd`fr fMLikstscy laLd`fr

gSA blesa vkSjr dh nsg cuus dk vFkZ cM+k Hk;kud izrhr gksrk gSA

ehfM;k] v[kckj] i=k&if=kdk,¡] Vh-oh- lhfj;y vkSj dk;ZØe]

fQYeksa es lcls vf/kd foKkiuksa esa L=kh Nfo ns[kus dks feyrh gaS rks

D;k ;g efgyk ehfM;k jkstxkj gS\ bls izxfr dgk tk, ;k le;

dh ek¡x\ bl ij fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A vkt efgyk,¡ lHkh

{ks=kksa esa fofo/k Lrjksa ij dk;Zjr gSaA ?kj&ifjokj esa Lokoyach Lok;Ùk

vkSjr dh Hkwfedk cnyh gS D;k\ D;k ehfM;k vkt lekt ds fy,

u;s lehdj.k ds :i esa cktkj gsrq ukjh foKkiu rS;kj dj jgk gS

vkSj ukjh Nfo dks cktkj ds lkFk&lkFk fo'o Lrj ij LFkkfir dj

jgk gSA lekt esa] ?kj ifjokjksa esa lcls T;knk lEekfur&xkSjkfUor

;gh efgyk,¡ gSA dkj.k Vhoh vkSj tulaidZA vkt tgk¡ ,d vksj

L=khoknh fparu esa ifjorZu ns[kus dks feyrk gS ogha ;g Hkh dguk

xyr u gksxk fd foKkiuksa }kjk ijkslh tk jgh vkØked HkkSfrdrk

us L=kh dh nqnZ'kk dh gSA

ekuo dh izo`fÙk ds dkj.k lekt ds tUe ds lkFk gh

ehfM;k Hkh vfLrRo esa vk;k vkSj ekuo thou dk vfHkUu lgHkkxh

cu x;kA izkjaHk esa lekpkj vFkok lans'k izlkj.k ek/;e Fks& nwjHkk"k

VsyhQksu] rkj] Vsfyxzke] lekpkj i=k] if=kdk,¡] jsfM;ks

vkdk'kok.kh] Vh-oh- nwjn'kZu flusek pyfp=kA ;g lHkh lapkj ra=k

pw¡fd lekpkj lans'k ds ek/;e FksA vr% vaxzsth 'kCn ehfM;k esa

:ikUrfjr gks x;s] blh Øe esa lapkj ra=k us bysDVªkWfud vkSj

vUrfj{k foKku ds ;qx esa izos'k fd;k rFkk blds O;kid rFkk blds

O;kid rFkk fojkV ifjos'k us bls uke ns fn;k eYVhehfM;k vFkkZr

cgqO;kid ;k fojkV lapkj ra=k ftlesa dEI;wVj ls tqM+dj vius

Lo:i dks oSf'od dj fy;k gSA bUnz fo|k okpLifr ds vuqlkj&

lapkj ek/;e] ik¡poka osn gS] ftlds tfj, ge Kku&foKku laca/kh

ckrksa dks tkudj viuk can efLr"d [kksyrs gSaA

bDdhloha lnh esa rks ehfM;k dk izHkko bruk c<+k gS fd

;g 'kfDr dk dsUnz cu x;k gS vkSj mldh 'kfDr fujarj c<+rh tk

jgh gSA lp rks ;g fd bu fnuksa ehfM;k us ekuoh; fnup;kZ dks

fu;af=kr dj jgk gSA gekjh gj lqcg lekpkj i=k] Vsyhfotu]

jsfM;ks] baVjusV] eksckby ds lkFk 'kq# gksrh gS vkSj uhan Hkjh vk¡[kkas

ds lkFk lekIr gksrh gSA okLro esa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa lapkj

Økafr dh bl pdkpkSa/k esa ehfM;k us gekjs vkpkj] O;ogkj] ,oa

euksoSKkfud ljksdkj dks ,d u;k Qyd iznku fd;k gSA ,Q-,e-

nqfu;k us Hkkjr tSls ns'k ds e/;eoxhZ; lekt dks u, lwpuk

euksjatu] Xykscy f'k{kk rFkk fofo/krkvksa dh nqfu;k esa LFkkfir

fd;k gSA blds izHkko cgqvk;keh gSa vkSj ;g lkekftd] /kkfeZd]

lkaLd`frd] vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd] euksoSKkfud] ikfjokfjd bR;kfn

lHkh i{kksa dks vyx&vyx <ax ls izHkkfor dj jgk gSA cs.Msy

fQfyIl uked fo}ku ds vuqlkj& vkt dk ehfM;k ,d ckjxh

tulxZ dk ekrk&firk] Ldwy] dkWyst] f'k{kd] fFk;sVj] vkn'kZ vkSj

ikjn'kZdrk ds :i esa gekjk lkFkh gks x;k gSA fu'p; gh ehfM;k ds

dkj.k lkekftd ifjn`'; esa dkQh ifjorZu gks jgk gS] ns'kdky dh

nwfj;k¡ feV jgh gSaA ifjn`';] fopkj] laLd`fr] lH;rk lHkh dk

vknku&iznku c<+k gSA vU;k;] mRihM+u] vR;kpkj] dnkpkj]

'kks"k.k] Hkz"Vkpkj o ekuof/kdkj ds guu dk fujarj fojks/k djrs

gq, ehfM;k us euq"; ds vkRefo'okl dks c<+k;k gS rFkk ,d lacy

iznku dj vf/kdkjksa ds j{kd ds :i esa lkeus vk;k gSA

vkdk'kok.kh esa dk;Zjr efgykvksa ds fo"k; esa tkuus ls

igys ;g tku ysuk vko';d gS fd Hkkjr esa jsfM;ks i=kdkfjrk dk

bfrgkl D;k gS\ yxHkx lÙkj o"kZ iqjkuk bldk bfrgkl gSA

Lok/khurk ls iwoZ lu 1926 esa bafM;u ckWMdkfLVax daiuh }kjk

eqacbZ vkSj dksydkrk esa nks dsanzksa dh LFkkiuk gq;h FkhA ;g ,d futh

daiuh FkhA lu 1930 esa Hkkjr ljdkj us izlkj.k dk;Z dks bafM;u

LVsV czkWMdkfLVax dk uke nsdj mls vius vf/kdkj esa ys fy;kA

,d o"kZ ds ckn 9 vDVwcj] 1931 dks bls can dj fn;k x;kA

vkdk'kok.kh dh iqu% 'kq#vkr 1936 esa vky bafM;k

jsfM;ks ds uke ls dh x;h] rHkh ls ;g fujarj dk;Zjr gSA vk/kqfud

le; esa Hkkjr dh 97 izfr'kr turk vkdk'kok.kh lsok ls

ykHkkfUor gks jgh gSA jsfM;ks ,d rkjd /ofu dk ek/;e gS ogha ;g

JO; vkSj n`'; Hkh gSA vkdk'kok.kh dh yksdfiz;rk dks ;fn ge ns[ksa

rks gesa ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd vkjaHk esa Lora=krk izkfIr ds le; dsoy

blds 6 dsanz Fks fdarq lu 1997&98 esa bldh la[;k 150 ls Hkh Åij

gks x;hA orZeku ;qx esa ;g ns'k dk ,d l'kDr vkSj o`gn lapkj

ek/;e gSA

vc iz'u mBrk gS fd bl ij fdl izdkj ds dk;ZØeksa dk

izlkj.k gksrk gS\ ;fn ge ;g dgsa fd bl ij lk/kkj.k turk dks

f'kf{kr djus ds lkFk gh LoLFk euksjatu iznku djus ds dk;ZØe

izlkfjr gksrk gS rks xyr u gksxkA bl {ks=k esa i=kdkjksa dk Hkfo";

cgqr vPNk gSA jsfM;ks ij izlkfjr gksus okys dk;ZØeksa esa fofo/k

fo"k;ksa dk lek;kstu gksrk gSA tSls& lekpkj cqysfVu] lkekf;d

leh{kk] lekpkj okpu O;k[;kRed lkexzh n'kZu /ofu laiknu]

vkdk'kok.kh esa dk;Zjr efgyk,¡

50


fofHkUu {ks=kksa ls lacaf/kr izkfof/k dh tkudkjh] [ksy&dwn lekpkj]

fQYeh xkus] ;qook.kh] izfl) gfLr;ksa ls okrkZyki&lk{kkRdkj]

izfr;ksfxrk ifjppkZ] ukVd] yksdxhr] foKku lsok] d`f"k ,oa

x`g&ifjokj dY;k.k bR;kfn eq[; dk;ZØe mYys[kuh; gSaA lkfgR;

dks turk rd igq¡pkus dk Js; JO; lapkj ek/;eksa esa jsfM;ks dks

lcls vf/kd rc rd gksrh gS tc nks lkfgR;dkjksa dh ckrphr Vsi

dh tk,A ;gh ckr vkWfM;ks dSlsV ds fy, ykxw gksrh gS tSls&

gfjoa'kjk; cPpu dh e/kq'kkyk dk dSlsV lkfgR; dh /kjksgj gSA

egkRek xk¡/kh vkSj iafMr usg: th ds dSlsV can Hkk"k.k Hkh nqyZHk gksus

ds dkj.k vaR;r egRoiw.kZ gSaA ehfM;k ds {ks=k esa jsfM;ks ds

lkfgfR;d dk;ZØe dk lh/kk vkSj Li"V izHkko Jksrkvksa ij iM+rk

gSA vc ;fn ge vkdk'kok.kh esa dk;Zjr efgykvksa dh ckr djsa rks

,d vksj rks ;g buds jkstxkj esa lgk;d gksxk nwljh vksj dyk

xq.kksa ds foLrkj esaA gj {ks=k dh rjg ;gk¡ Hkh mPp inksa ij iq#"k gh

vf/kd fn[kk;h nsrs gSa D;ksafd VsfDudy dk;Z gsrq vHkh efgykvksa ds

le{k gksus dh la[;k esa o`f) ugha gq;h gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd

,d&vk/k dsanzksa ij efgykvksa dks Mk;jsDVj ds in ij ns[kk tkrk gSA

;g ckr vkSj gS fd fHkUu&fHkUu foHkkxksa esa budh la[;k vf/kd gS

tSls fganh dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh] ejkBh foHkkx dh dk;Z vf/kdkjh]

;qok dk;ZØeksa dh cky dk;ZØeksa dh la;ksftdk,a bR;kfnA

nwljh vksj ;fn ns[ksa rks efgykvksa dks okrkZ gsrq] ppkZ gsrq]

ukVd esa Hkkx ysus gsrq ;k ok| ctkus gsrq Hkh dk;Z djrs gq, ns[kk

x;k gSA iz'u ;g mBrk gS fd D;k ;g jkstxkj jksth&jksVh pykus gsrq

lgk;d gSa rks 'kk;n mÙkj uk gh gksxkA tgk¡ rd inksa ij vklhu gSa

og rks ljdkjh rU[okg dh vf/kdkfj.kh gks tkrh gS fdarq tks blds

dk;ZØe gksrs gSa og eghus rhu eghus ;k 6 eghus dh vof/k esa

laiUu gksrs gSaA jsfM;ks esa dgkuh ys[ku dfork ys[ku vuqokn Vad.k

gsrq Hkh dk;Z miyC/k gksrs gSa fdarq thfodksiktZu gsrq /kujkf'k dh

O;oLFkk blls laHko ugha gSA

gk¡] ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkt ds orZeku ;qx esa

ukfj;k¡ Hkh vfHk;ark ds :i esa l{ke gksdj bl {ks=k esa inkZi.k dj

ldrh gSaA jsfM;ks ukVd ys[ku] jsfM;ks tkWdh] mn~?kks"kd] i=kdkfjrk

vkfn dk dk;Z djds jsfM;ks ds tqM+k tk ldrk gS vkSj ,Q-,e- rFkk

u;s&u;s pSuyksa ls tqMdj mudk izlkj djds Hkh efgyk,¡ vius

jkstxkj dh o`f) dj ldrh gSaA

Vh-oh- esa efgykvksa dh fLFkfr dks tkuus ls igys ;g tku

ysuk vko';d gS fd Hkkjr esa nwjn'kZu dk izkjaHk dc gqvk\ 15

flracj] 1959 esa bldk izkjaHk dc gqvk FkkA bldk mís'; vkjaHk

djus dk vyx FkkA njvly ;g lu 1959 ls lu 1976 rd

vkdk'kok.kh dk gh ,d vax ekuk tkrk Fkk] fdarq lu vizSy 1976

ls nwjn'kZu egfuns'kky; dh LFkkiuk dj nh x;hA lu 1982 esa

jaxhu izlkj.k dk vkjaHk gqvkA mixzg&bUlsV&1 }kjk bls fn[kk;k

x;kA orZeku le; esa nwjn'kZu ns'k ds dksus&dksus QSy pqdk gSA ;g

lc ns'kh bulsVkas dk deky gSA bls tknw dk fMCck Hkh dgk tk

ldrk gSA vkt ds ;qx dk ;g ,d loZfiz; euksjatu dk lk/ku gSA

bl Vh-oh- i=kdkfjrk ds vUrxZr QksVks i=kdkfjrk] tSls lekpkj

laca/kh ,sfrgkfld Hkouksa] i'kq&if{k;ksa] izkd`frd n`';ksa ,oa lekjksgksa

gSaA vkfn fp=k [khpsa tk ldrs gSaA Vh-oh- i=kdkfjrk esa lQyrk gsrq

fp=k ,oa /ofu dks izkfof/kd Kku] ys[ku okpu dh {kerk ,oa /ofu

dk izkfof/kd Kku] ys[ku okpu dh {kerk ,oa bysVªkfudh

tkudkjh ls Vhoh i=kdkfjrk esa lQyrk ik;h tk ldrh gSA bl

i=kdkfjrk esa lQyrk ikus gsrq ;g vko';d gS fd rduhdh Kku

fo'ks"k :i ls gks] dSejk Qsl djuk] 'kCn /ofu] n`'; /ofu] cuko

Jàxkj vkfn dh Hkh tkudkjh gksuh pkfg,A

nwjn'kZu ds dkj.k 'kgjksa esa jsfM;ks ds Jksrk ?kVs gSa fdarq

xzkeh.k vapyksa esa blds Jksrk lewg esa dkQh o`f) Hkh gqbZ gSA lu

1999 esa ;g la[;k 11-5 djksM+ ls c<dj 12-5 djksM+ ij igq¡p xbZ

FkhA Hkkjr dk igyk jsfM;ks vkSj nwjn'kZu laxzgky; fnYyh esa

LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA ;g izlkj.k Hkou esa gSA bldk mís'; ns'k

dh izlkj.k fojklr dks lqjf{kr j[kuk gSA

ekuo lH;rk ds fodkl esa ukjh dh l`tukRed Hkwfedk

jgh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ukjh lekt dh vk/kkjf'kyk cuh fdaarq

gekjs usrk egkRek xk¡/kh us viuh vkRedFkk esa vius O;ogkj ds

izfr {kksHk O;Dr fd;k gS] rks D;k ikBdksa dks ;g le>kuk pkfg,

fd ns'k dh vktknh esa lcls vkxs vkus okys usrk Hkh viuh iRuh ds

izfr ,d vyx utfj;k vke vkneh tSlk gh j[krs Fks\ mUgha dh

vkRedFkk dk ,d va'k& ßeSaus vius vkidks dHkh ekQ ugha fd;k

gSA ,sls nq[k fganw L=kh gh lgu djrh gS vkSj bl dkj.k eSaus L=kh dks

lnk lgu'khyrk dh ewfrZ ds :i esa ns[kk gSA iRuh ifr dh nklh

ugha] ij mldh lgpkfj.kh gS] lg/kfeZ.kh gS] nksukas ,d&nwljs ds lq[k

nq[k ds leku lk>snkj gSa vkSj Hkyk&cqjk djus dh ftruh Lora=krk

ifr dks gS mRuh gh iRuh dks Hkh gSAÞ

loky ;g mBrk gS fd tc xk¡/kh tSls usrk vius O;ogkj

esa vkSj fopkjksa esa bruh cMh [kkbZ j[krs gSa rks vke turk ls D;k

mEehn gks ldrh gS\ ,sls ekgkSy esa tc Hkkjrh; ukjh fizaV ehfM;k

Vh-oh- vkSj efgyk,¡

foe'kZehfM;k

51

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

;k bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k esa dk;Z djrh gS rks igyk iz'u ;g mBrk gS

fd ?kj ls ysdj ckgj rd og fdruh vklkuh ls viuk dk;Z dj

ikrh gSA D;k mls ?kj vkSj ckgj og lgwfy;r bu dk;ksZa ds fy,

izkIr gksrh gS tks blh {ks=k ds iq#"kksa dks izkIr gksrh gSA esjs fopkj ls

rks ughaA gk¡ ;g ckr vkSj gS fd vkt orZeku ;qx esa ukjh viuh

izfrHkk vkSj ftn ls gj {ks=k esa teh gq;h gSA vkt vc iwjk fo'o ubZ

djoVsa cny jgk gSA ,sls esa Hkkjrh; ukjh Hkh vius ,d u;s

vkleku dh ryk'k esa tqVh gq;h gSA vkt 'kgj dh efgyk,sa mUgsa

ns[kdj Hkh vius cnyko gsrq rRij gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd v[kckj esa]

jsfM;ks esa Vh- oh- vkSj fQYeksa esa vkt vPNh [kklh efgykvksa dh iSB

gks x;h gSA ;gh otg gS fd Hkkjrh; ehfM;k laLd`fr us efgykvksa ds

fy, [kqyk vkleku iSnk dj fn;k gSA ,d ckr fQj ;kn vk jgh gS

lq/kk vjksM+k th dh dgkuh rhljh csVh ds uke dh fd dgha ;s

vkleku Nwus dh mM+ku fdlh nq%[k Hkj iSxke dk vatke u cu

tk,¡A oks fy[krh gSa&

vius liuksa dks lp esa cnyus ds vkjekuksa dh ltk

viuh dksBjh ls ckgj dh nqfu;ka rd lqjax [kksnus dh ltk

viuh ekSr dk dkj.k rks rw [kqn Fkh] lquluk

D;ksa rwus ia[k QSykdj vkleku dh Fkkg ysuh pkgh Fkh\

orZeku ;qx esa ehfM;k laLd`fr us efgykvksa dks tkx:d

cuk;k gS] blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha ysfdu ;fn rg esa tk,¡ rks vf/kdkj

lEiUu efgyk,¡ mudk mi;ksx fdruk dj ikrh gSa iz'u ;{k tSlk

vc Hkh gSA vkj{k.k }kjk efgyk,¡ vkidks igys ls vf/kd LFkkuksa

ij dk;Z djus gsrq lcy rks le> jgh gSa fdarq lqjf{kr ugha gS dkj.k

lkQ gS] efgyk lcyhdj.k ds lkFk&lkFk muds izfr vijk/k vkSj

vR;kpkjksa esa ekuks Jh o`f) gksrh tk jgh gSA vkt ,d losZ ds

ek/;e ls ;kSu mRihM+u] cykRdkj] NsM+NkM+ vkSj vigj.k tSls

vijk/k c<+rs tk jgs gaS rks D;k ;gh ehfM;k Økafr gS\ fopkj rks vc

lcdks djuk gksxkA blh izdkj dh ,d fVIi.kh ehfM;k Økafr esa gq,

ifjorZu dks ns[krs gq, tuoknh efgyk lfefr dh v/;{k us Hkh dh

FkhA izkphu dky ls vc rd efgykvksa dks eksgjk cukdj gh

bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA vktknh ds ckn efgykvksa dk mi;ksx

miHkksDrk laLd`fr us [kwc fd;kA efgykvksa us ehfM;k esa dc vkSj

dSls inkiZ.k fd;k\ D;k ;s muds futh [okc Fks\ iz'u fopkj.kh;

gS\ lu lÙkj ds n'kd ls vkfFkZd ladV us efgykvksa dks ?kj ls

fudyus ds fy, ck/; fd;kA oks pkgs iq#"kksa }kjk Lo;a dks de

vk¡dus dh ckr jgh gks ;k ngst ls tw>us dhA ?kjsyw fgalk Hkh

HkweaMyhdj.k ds nkSj esa c<+us yxhA L=kh izfrHkk gj ;qx esa ns[kh tk

ldrh gS fd D;k vkt izfrHkk'kkyh efgyk;sa ehfM;k {ks=k esa l{ke

gks ik jgh gSa\ ;k vc Hkh iq#"kksa }kjk os lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSa\

lp rks ;g gS fd ehfM;k Økafr pkgs ftruk dj ys efgyk

nsg ls yksx Åij mBus dks rS;kj ugha gSA v[kckj gks] Vh-oh- gks]

baVjusV gks ;k fQYesa gks ukjh dh nsg dks Hkksx dh oLrq cukdj

ijkslk tk jgk gSA iz'u ;g mBrk gS fd ukjh ehfM;k ds fy,

dk;Z{ke gS ;k ehfM;k ukjh dk mi;ksx dj O;kolk;hdj.k esa

my>k gqvk gS\ v[kckj i<+rs le; efgykvksa ds v'yhy&foKkiu

ns[ks tk ldrs gSaa] baVjusV rks ,sls ohfM;ks ls Hkjk iM+k gS ftls cM+h

vklkuh ls dksbZ Hkh ns[k ldrk gS] fQYesa rks rc rd iwjh gh ugha

ekuh tkrh tc rd efgyk dk vax izn'kZu ds mlesa n`'; u 'kkfey

gksaA esjk eu ;g fopkj djus yxrk gS fd D;k lp esa ehfM;k esa

dk;Zjr efgyk;sa viuh izfrHkk dkS'ky dks dsoy lekt rd igq¡pk

jgh gSa ;k ckr xaHkhj gS\ ehfM;k us ukjh dks izxfr'khy rks cuk;k gS

ysfdu fn'kk Hkzfer vf/kd vkSj lgh jkg de fn[kykrh gSaA

mnkgj.k Lo:i dydÙkk ls vk;h ,d ek¡ ls tc ;g dgk x;k fd

cPph dks mldh mez ds ;ksX; xhr fl[kkb;s rks twu 2013 ds

bafM;u vk;fMy twfu;j ds 'kks esa ,d cPph dk xkuk lquus ds ckn

fo'kky th us rhu ckj xkuk cnydj xkus dk volj iznku fd;k

fdarq mlus v'yhy xhrksa dks gh lquk;k rc mldh ek¡ dks cqyk;k

x;k tks fd mlds lkFk ogk¡ x;h FkhA iwNus ij mlus mÙkj fn;k fd

turk ,sls gh xkus lquus dh is'k djrh gS vkSj gekjh cPph LVst 'kks

djrh gS] [kwc iSlk dekrh gS] gesa Lo;a xkus ds pquko dh lqfo/kk

gksrh gh gSA ¼14 twu] 2013½

iSlksa dh pdkpkSa/k esa lc dqN Hkwyrs tk jgs gSaA D;k

okLro esa efgykvksa dks ehfM;k esa dke djrs le; fdlh Hkh rjg

dh LosPNk ugha gS\ eSa ugha ekurhA gk¡] ;g t:j gSa fd tc ge de

le; esa vf/kd iSlk vkSj izflf) pkgrs gSa rc gekjs ikl pquko

vkSj fopkj djus nksuksa dh Lora=krk lekIr gks tkrh gSA vkt

ehfM;k ds ek/;e ls ;fn ge efgykvksa dh fLFkfr;ksa dks tkuuk

pkgrs gSa rks gesa fuEu fyf[kr ckrksa ij n`f"Vikr djuk gksxk&

Hkkjrh; efgyk;sa vkSj cnyrk ifjn`';] efgykvksa ds fy, izlkj.k

ek/;e vkd"kZ.k dsanz] ehfM;k ds :i esa O;olk;] Vh-oh- esa dk;Zjr

efgyk,¡] i=kdkfjrk ls tqM+h efgyk,¡ ehfM;k esa efgykvksa dh

Hkk"kk] foKkiu vkSj efgyk,¡] ehfM;k esa dk;Zjr efgykvksa ds

dkuwu vkSj vkSj vf/kdkj] efgyk] ehfM;k vkSj cktkjokn ,oa

ehfM;k vkSj efgyk 'kks"k.k bR;kfnA

;fn ge mijksDr ckrksa ij xkSj ls eaFku djsaxs rks vo';

ltk rks rq>s feyuh gh Fkh

52


gh ehfM;k vkSj efgykvksa ds laca/k] mudk mi;ksx] mudh fn'kk

vkSj n'kk dks le> ldasxsA loZizFke vkt ds cnyrs ifjn`'; dks

;fn ns[ksaxs rks Kkr gksxk fd ehfM;k dh pdkpkSa/k esa gj ,d

efgyk ljkcksj gSA NksVk inkZ gks ;k cM+k& fdlh Hkh rjg og Lo;a

dks ogk¡ rd igq¡pkuk pkgrh gSA iwjh nqfu;k dks crkuk pkgrh gS fd

esjh Hkh dqN 'kf[l;r gSA ,sls esa mudk mi;ksx xyr <ax ls fd;k

tkrk gSA :i dk;Z dk pkgs tks gks fdarq ckr tc izn'kZu ij vkdj

fVdrh gS rks 'kks"k.k dh ek=kk vf/kd gks tkrh gSA igys vkidks eu

pkgh dher fey tk,xh ,slk yxrk gS fdarq vkt Hkh efgykvksa ds

dk;Z dh dher iq#"kksa ls dbZ txgksa ij de vk¡dh tkrh gSaA Vh-oh-

esa NksVk lk jksy fey tkus ij Hkh ekuks nqfu;k dk uk;kc ghjk mUgsa

izkIr gks x;k ,slk oks eglwl djrh gSaA ,d lk{kkRdkj esa eSaus i<+k

Fkk fd lgurfdZ;ksa dks fQYeksa esa pkyhl #i;s fn, tkrs Fks dHkh

tc fd esgur og ukf;dk ls vf/kd djrh FkhA insZ dh ped] lp

iwNks rks jkg Hkqykus dk dke djrh gSA

vkt Vh-oh- ds lhfj;y ns[kdj] fQYeksa esa ukf;dkvksa dks

ns[kdj] Mh-vk;-Mh-MkWl esa ekWe Lis'ky gks ;k cPpksa ds xhrksa dh

Li/kkZ gksA lcds eu esa ,d gh bPNk izcy jgrh gS fd esa iwjs fo'o

esa insZ ij fn[kk;h nw¡A insZ dk vkd"kZ.k izcy gksrk gSA

vkt f'kf{kr efgyk,¡] ehfM;k dks jkstxkj ds :i esa Hkh

pquus yxh gSaA i=kdkfjrk gks] Vh-oh- i=kdkfjrk gks] vfHku; gks] lw=k

lapkyu gks] fQYe dk funsZ'ku gks] QksVksxzkQh gks] /kkjkokfgdksa esa]

dk;Z gks dqy feykdj] ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkt efgyk,¡ NksVs

insZ ls ysdj CkM+s insZ rd u;s&u;s {ks=kksa esa igy dj pqdh gSaA ,d

le; Fkk tc fxuh&pquh efgyk,¡ gh fQYeksa esa tk;k djrh Fkh vkSj

mUgsa yksx vPNk ugha ekurs Fks] ysfdu vkt Lo;a uk;d viuh

csfV;ksa dks fQYeksa esa izos'k dj jgsA vkt ukjh vkfFkZd :i ls fuHkZj

ugh jguk pkgrh ;gh dkj.k gSa fd oks gj izdkj ds dk;Z] gj {ks=k ds

dk;Z djus dks rS;kj gSA

izkphudky dh ckr vkSj Fkh tc dqN fo'ks"k {ks=k muds

fy, fu/kkZfjr ,oa lhfer dj fn, tkrs Fks fdarq vkt ehfM;k ds

dkj.k gh os gj {ks=k esa viuh etcwr idM+ cuk pqds gSa ;g ehfM;k

dk nwljk igyw Hkh gSaA v[kckjksa esa ;fn oks dkWye fy[krh gSa rks Vh-

oh- esa jktuhfrd leh{kk djrh gSa] ,d vkSj fØdsV dh dkesaVªh nsrh

gSa rks nwljh vkSj ik;ysV curh gS bathfu;j] esfMdy vc dsoy

iq#"kksa dk {ks=k ugh jgk rks ehfM;k us foKkiu ds ek/;e ls csfV;ksa

dh f'k{kk dks egRoiw.kZ crkdj mUgsa f'kf{kr djok;k gS vkSj gj {ks=k

esa foLrkj djok;k gSA vkt ekuks efgykvksa us ehfM;k esa dk;Z djus

gsrq ,d pqukSrh ys yh gS vkSj efgykvksa esa Økafr vk x;h gSA lu

1980 dk n'kd efgyk n'kd ekuk x;kA Hkkjrh; efgykvksa ds

fy, bls Lof.kZe dky dgk x;k gSA dbZ rjg ds dkuwu muds fy,

cus vkSj dbZ fodkl dh ;kstuk,¡ HkhA efgyk,¡ vius LokLF; ds

izfr ltx gksus yxhaA vc rd tgk¡ mUgsa dsoy iztuu ;a=k ekuk

tkuk tkrk FkkA ogha mUgksaus bl ij jksd yxk nh fd mUgsa ek=k bruk

ghu u le>k tk,] Mh- ,u- ,- VsLV vkjaHk gks x;sA ;gha ls

efgykvksa us dks[k ij viuk vf/kdkj crk;k vkSj mls fdjk;s ij

nsuk viuk dkuwuh gd vkSj lafo/kkfud vf/kdkj ?kksf"kr fd;kA

;g paMhx<+ dh ,d efgyk Fkh tks dh fookfgrk FkhA ehfM;k dh gh

Økafr dk ,d vkSj egRoiw.kZ eqík gSA efgyk vkj{k.k yksdlHkk]

fo/kkulHkk esa 33 izfr'kr vkj{k.k] ;g Hkh fL=k;ksa ds tkx:drk dk

gh uewuk gSA

Vh-oh- bDdhloha lnh dh lapkj Økafr dk ,d :i gSA

uSfrd ewY;ksa esa cnyko blh dk urhtk dgsa rks xyr u gksxkA

bldk tUe vPNs mís'; ls gqvk Fkk ysfdu /khjs&/khjs :i fcxM+rk

pyk x;k ;k ;w¡ dfg, fd foLrkj gksrk pyk x;kA O;kid :i ls

de le; esa vf/kd O;fDr;ksa ls laidZ ewy mís'; Fkk fdarq

O;olk;hdj.k esa ifjofrZr gksdj mís'; ls HkVd x;kA vke

vkneh ds fy, cuk /kuh O;fDr;ksa dh eqëh esa fleV x;k] ;fn dgs

rks xyr u gksxkA efgykvksa dk lSykc ekuks Vh-oh- ij vk x;kA

vufxur pSuyksa ij fHkUu&fHkUu /kkjkokfgdksa esa mifLFkfr ntZ gksus

yxhA Vh- oh- ds vkus ls okpu laLd`fr izHkkfor gq;hA fj'rs

izHkkfor gq,] jlksbZ izHkkfor gq;h vkSj vkfFkZd [kpsZ ij Hkh bldk

izHkko fcuk iM+s u jg ldkA blus u;s&u;s QS'ku djus dh le>

efgykvksa dks nhA vkt f'kf{kr efgyk,¡ u;s&u;s O;olk; ds {ks=kksa

dk pquko Hkh djus yxh gSaA tSls ys[ku dk dk;Z] funsZ'ku dk dk;Z

vkt ,drk diwj] vfej [kku dh iRuh] nhik 'kkg vkSj u tkus ,slh

gh fdruh efgykvksa us viuh :fp ds vuq:i ehfM;k esa vius dk;Z

{ks=kksa dk pquko fd;k gSA ;gh ehfM;k dh Økafr gSA v[kckjksa esa ns[ks

tgk¡ igys dsoy ltkoV laca/kh idoku ;k LokLF; laca/kh ;k

dsoy ?kjsyw i{kksa dk gh fp=k.k fd;k tkrk Fkk vkt ,slk ugha gSA

efgykvksa us gj {ks=k esa viuh iSB rks tek yh gS fdarq la[;kRed

n`f"V ls cgqr de gS tSls& v[kckj vkSj if=kdkvksa esa laikfndk ds

:i esa fxuh&pquh efgyk,¡ gh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA ukVd ys[ku esa Hkh

;gh fLFkfr gSA vkt mUgsa vkdk'kok.kh esa Hkh i;kZIr igpku ,oa

dk;Z fey jgk gSA efgyk i=kdkj gsrq ;g dguk vuqfpr u gksxk

fd og i=kdkfjrk esa vkdj ,d can lhy dks rksM+us dk dke djrh

foe'kZehfM;k

53

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

gSaA vkt la[;k ds :i esaa Hkys mUgsa vf/kd vk¡dk tk jgk gSA fdarq

muds vf/kdkj vHkh Hkh iwjh rjg ls mUgsa ugha fey ik;s gaSA

lekpkj&i=kksa esa tks dk;Z og djuk pkgrh gS og mUgsa ugha fn,

tkrsA tcfd ;g ckr loZfofnr gS fd fganh lekpkj i=k i<+us okyksa

dh la[;k vkt ns'k esa lcls vf/kd gSA efgyk i=kdkjksa dh

leL;kvksa ij ppkZ cgqr de dh tkrh gS D;ksafd v[kckj ekfyd

vf/kdrj iq#"k gh gksrs gaSA v[kckjksa ds ys[kksa esa Hkh efgykvksa ds

pgq¡eq[kh fodkl gsrq Hkh cgqr de fy[kk tkrk gSA efgyk i=kdkjksa

dk dksbZ vyx ls laxBu Hkh ugh gksrk gSA vf/kdrj efgyk

i=kdkjksa dk mi;ksx {ks=kh; [kcjksa dks tksM+us ds fy, gh dj tkrk

gSA fganh v[kckj dh ,d i=kdkj fLerk feJk th dk rks ;gk¡ rd

ekuuk gS fd vaxzsth i=kdkjksa dh fLFkfr fganh ls csgrj gSA vDlj

efgyk i=kdkjksa ds pquko ls Hkh yksx drjkrs gSa fd ;s yksx dgha

ekr`Ro gsrq vodk'k u ys] jkr dh M~;wVh esa okgu dh lqfo/kk u ek¡x

cSBsA ,d rjQ ;g fujk'kk gS rks nwljh vksj ldkjkREkd fcanq Hkh

fn[kkbZ nsrs gaS fd fganh efgyk i=kdkjksa dks ekr`Ro gsrq vodk'k rks

iznku fd;k gh tkrk gS lkFk gh osru Hkh iznku fd;k tkrk gSA ;g

ckr vkSj gS fd nSfud fganqLrku dh phQ bu ,MhVj ds in ij jgha

e`.kky ikaMs th tSlk izeks'ku cM+h eqf'dy ls izkIr gksrk gSA dkj.k

efgyk,¡ dk;Z rks djrh gSa fdarq mudh igpku ugha cu ikrh gSA

Hkk"kk flag dgrh gaS fd fganh i=kdkj ds :i esa cgqr le>kSrs djus

iM+rs gSa vkSj yksx bls Lrjh; dk;Z Hkh ugha le>rsA gekjs dk;Z dks

gYdk le>k tkrk gS rFkk ge ghuHkko xzLr gks tkrs gSaA

ehfM;k esa efgykvksa dk mi;ksx vf/kd ls vf/kd izn'kZu

gsrq fd;k tk jgk gS] ;g ckr vxj vki lc Lo;a le> tk,a rks gh

bl ij izfrca/k yx ldrk gS ojuk ,dk/k ckj dqN yksxksa us ,sls

iz;ksx djus pkgs Hkh gSa ftlls bl izn'kZu dks jksdk tk lds fdarq

lQy u gks ldsA D;ksafd bls jksdus ds fy, Lo;a djus okyksa esa

le> iSnk gksuh pkfg,A egkjk"Vª ds lwpuk ea=kh us ukjh foKkiu

vkSj iksLVj ij izfrca/k yxk;k FkkA mÙkjizns'k ds eq[;ea=kh us ,d

ckj QS'ku 'kks ,oa lkSan;Z izfr;ksfxrkvksa ij jksd yxk;h FkhA gky gh

esa yM+fd;ksa dks eksckby u j[kus ds fy, tksj fn;k x;k ijarq dgha

ij Hkh gy ugha fudyk ;fn ge mfpr vkSj vuqfpr dk ikB vius

?kjksa esa cpiu ls ugh i<+k;saxs rks Hkyk izn'kZu djus ls igys mudh

lksp dks dkSu cny ik;sxkA vKku gesa va/kh nkSM+ esa 'kkfey djrk

gS vkSj Kku mlesa 'kkfey gksus ls jksdrk gSA dk;Z djuk] O;olk;

djuk vius fy, jksth&jksVh dekuk xyr ugha gS fdarq jkLrk Bhd

gksuk pkfg,A vkt L=kh ?kj esa cSBdj baVjusV ds ek/;e ls O;olk;

dj ldrh gS vkSj vius iSjksa ij [kM+h gks ldrh gSA gj flDds ds nks

igyw gksrs gaSA ehfM;k esa Hkh ;gh ckr gS cl ges mldk mi;ksx esa

dSls ykuk gS] mís'; vkSj y{; dks fuf'pr djuk gksxkA bDdhloha

lnh esa efgyk,¡ vius l`tukREkd {kerk izLrqr djuk pkgrh gSa

ysfdu muds bl ifjorZu dk xyr mi;ksx u fd;k tk, bldk

mUgsa Lo;a /;ku j[kuk iMs+xkA vkt ehfM;k dk c<+rk izHkko 'kfDr

dk dsanz cu x;k gSA vkt fizaV ehfM;k dks ihNs nkSM+rk bysDVªkWfud

ehfM;k vkxs c<+rk tk jgk gS vkSj blh dkj.k lkeftd ifjn`';

cnyrs tk jgs gaSA ekuo thou dks mldh fnup;kZ dks tgk¡ ehfM;k

us fu;af=kr dj j[kk gS ogh blds cgqvk;keh izHkko Hkh ns[kus dks

feyrs gSaA

cs.Msy fQfyIl dk er gS& vkt dk ehfM;k ,d ckjxh

tu oxZ dk ekrk&firk] Ldwy&dkWyst] f'k{kd] fFk;sVj vkn'kZ vkSj

ijke'kZnkrk ds :i esa gekjk lkFkh gks x;k gS ysfdu ehfM;k

O;olkf;drk dh pisV esa vkdj efgykvksa vkSj mudh Nfo dks

ftl :i esa izLrqr dj jgk gS] og fparuh; gSA dqN phtsa gekjs

lekt esa ijaijkxr :i esa oftZr gSa] lkekftd 'kkyhurk o e;kZnk

dh ,d lhek jgh gSA vxj mtkyk ds ;qok i=kdkj fo".kq 'kekZ th

dk ekuuk gS fd ftl fdlh ckr ij Hkh ifjokjtuksa ds chp fopkj

fd;k tkuk mi;qDr u gks rFkk lanHkZ vkus ij 'keZ dk vuqHko gks

og lHkh v'yhy gSA vkt orZeku le; esa ehfM;k ds tfj,

efgykvksa esa rjDdh dk vuqHko fd;k gS tSls U;wt jhMj] laikfndk]

LraHkdkj] i=kdkj] ,adj] dk;ZØe dh gksLV] jsfM;ks tkWdh] Mh-ts-

bR;kfn vkt eafnjk csnh tSlh Vh-oh- lhfj;y dh ukf;dk,¡ ,adj

dk dk;Z dj jgh gSaA ,sls gh tt ds :i esa Js;k ?kks"kky] vpZuk iwju

flag] fdju [ksj] Qjgk [kku] :uk ySyk] vk'kk Hkkslys bR;kfn vius

gquj ls ehfM;k esa vyx LFkku cuk pqdh gSaA ;g dguk Hkh xyr u

gksxk fd ehfM;k us efgykvksa dks jkstxkj ds lkFk viuh izfrHkk

fn[kkus dk csgrj fodYi iznku fd;k gSA ;g ckr vkSj gS fd

efgyk i=kdkjksa dk dksbZ vyx ls laxBu Hkh

ugha gksrk gSA vf/kdrj efgyk i=kdkjksa dk

mi;ksx {ks=kh; [kcjksa dks tksM+us ds fy, gh dj

fn;k tkrk gSA fganh v[kckj dh ,d i=kdkj

fLerk feJk dk rks ;gk¡ rd ekuuk gS fd

vaxzsth i=kdkjksa dh fLFkfr fganh ls csgrj gSA

54


foKkiuksa esa mls lsDl flacy ds :i esa gh vf/kdrj is'k fd;k

tkrk gSA

Hkkjr tSls ns'k esa ;g fLFkfr fparktud blfy, ekuh tkrh

gS D;ksafd ;gk¡ efgykvksa dks lEeku ls ns[kk tkrk FkkA mudh

laLd`fr vkSj lH;rk ds fy, yTtk vkSj okRlY; ds fy,A fdarq

vkt [kkvks fi;ks eLrh djks tSls lans'k dsoy ukfj;ksa ds fy, gh

?kkrd ugh gSa] cfYd iwjs Hkkjrh; lekt ds fy, ;g ?kkrd gSaA

O;olkf;d daifu;k¡ vius fgr iwfrZ gsrq budk xyr mi;ksx dj

jgh gSaA ,d oDr vk,xk tc ,MoMZ lbZn dh psrkouh ge lcdks

;kn vk,xhA vkus okyh ihf<+;ka gels iwNsxha fd geus bruh

rduhd dh mUufr ds ckn Hkh vxyh uLyksa ds fy, ekuoh;

ljksdkjksa dh ubZ igpku dks dgk NksM+ fn;k gS\ vkt ge lc

miHkksDrk dky esa th jgs gSa ;k ;w¡ dfg, cktkjokn ds f'kdkj gSaA

vkt dh loksZPp 'kfDr cktkj gSA ;k ;w¡ dfg, le; dh ;gh ek¡x

gSA izkphu&dky esa dsoy fQYeksa dk izHkko yksxksa ij iM+rk Fkk fdarq

vkt rks Vh-oh- ds tfj, {k.k&{k.k ifjorZu ns[kus dks feyrk gS vkSj

bu foKkiuksa dk izHkko cPpksa vkSj efgykvksa ij tcjnLr ns[kk tk

ldrk gSA b/kj foKkiu ns[kk m/kj ?kj esa pht gkftj gks tkrh gSA

bls ;fn ge ldkjkRed :i ns nsa rks vkt ukjh vius ?kj dks ltkus

ds fy, bu foKkiuksa ds ek/;e ls Lo;a rS;kj gks x;h gSA ;g ckr

vkSj gS fd vHkh ;g ugha le> ldh gS fd D;k t:jh gS vkSj D;k

ugha ysuk\ bls ;fn ehfM;k dh ekj dgsa rks xyr u gksxk! ehfM;k

us gekjh laLd`fr vkSj laLdkjksa dh tM+kas dks fgyk fn;k gSA fj'rksa esa

laosnu'kwU;rk blh ehfM;k dh nsu gSA ,d le; Fkk tc insZ dh

efgykvksa dh os'kHkw"kk vkSj iSny pyus okyh efgykvksa dh os'kHkw"kk]

dkj esa pyus okyh efgykvksa dh os'kHkw"kk vyx gqvk djrh Fkh

fdarq vkt rks ekuks inkZ /kjrh ij mrj vk;k gSA ;gh gS ehfM;k dh

etcwr idM+A vkt efgyk,¡ viuh rjDdh ds fy, fdlh Hkh gn

rd ckgj le>kSrs djus dks rS;kj gSa fdarq ?kj esa ughaA izse izlax

Hkkoukvksa ls gVdj ekSr ds vatke rd igq¡pus dk dkj.k vc

fopkj.kh; gS\ D;k okLro esa blh dks fodkl dh Økafr dgrs gSa\

izHkk"k tks'kh dk er ;gk¡ j[kuk pkgw¡xh& og dgrs gSa ßcktkj euq";

dh fu;fr r; djsxk] mlesa ,d ewy [kksV vkus okyk gS] D;ksafd

cktkj Hkko ls pyrk gS] cktkj uSfrd ewY;ksa ls ugha pyrk vkSj

ewY;ksa ds fcuk fdlh Hkh ekuo lekt dh dYiuk ugha dh tk

ldrhAÞ ekuo&lekt Hkko ls ugha py ldrk] uSfrd ewY;ksa ls gh

pyrk gS rks D;k vkt gj ukjh ehfM;k ls tqM+rs le; vius ewY;ksa

dk [;ky j[kdj gh tqMrh gaS\ ;fn gk¡ gS rks dksbZ nks"k ugha gS fdarq

;fn /ku gsrq vkd"kZ.k gsrq] dk;Z gsrq le>kSrs djrh gS rks ;g mudh

viuh Hkh xyrh ekuh tk;sxh dsoy ehfM;k ftEesnkj ugha gSA

ehfM;k esa dk;Z djuk vkSj mldh pdkpkSa/k ls cpuk gh

ewY; gSA vkt efgyk,¡ QS'ku 'kks ds Li/kkZ esa bl rjg yhu gS fd

?kj [kkyh gS vkSj C;wVh ikyZj] Mkal ckj] gksVy bR;kfn Hkjs gq, gSaA

;g izksRlkgu mUgsa dgka ls feyk ;fn ge lkspsaxs rks mÙkj [kqn&c&[kqn

fey tk;sxkA ehfM;k esa ,slk Hkh ugh ekurh fd pSuyksa ds dk;ZØe

dsoy QS'ku ds gh gksrs gSa fdarq ;g vo'; gS fd vPNs dk;ZØe

f'k{kk laca/kh tjk de yqHkkrs gSa yksxksa dksA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ehfM;k

ds foKkiu] /kkjkokfgd] fQYEksa bR;kfn efgykvksa dks vkdf"kZr

djrh gSaA cfuLcr lekpkj vkSj f'k{kk dk;ZØe dsA ,d le; Fkk

tc 'kkafr ls ?kjksa esa efgyk,¡ vius ifjokj ds fy, D;k mfpr gS]

fopkj djrh FkhaA og Hkwy x;h gS fd mudk ?kj&ifjokj fc[kj jgk

gSA ehfM;k lcdks dk;ZØeksa ds cgkus izn'kZu ds cgkus mUgsa ?kj ls

ckgj [khap jgk gS og Hkwy jgk gS fd fL=k;k¡ tc ckgj fudysaxh rks

lekt ij tkus&vutkus dSls izHkko iMsa+xs\ cjkcj dekus ls ?kj ij

vk;k,¡ jkt djsaxh vkSj cPps ukSdjkuh gh ikysaxh] ftlls cPps mUgsa

vf/kd vius djhc ikdj muls yxko j[ksaxsA pdkpkSa/k dh nqfu;k

esa muds ifr ckgj gh ekSt&eLrh dj vk/kh jkr dks ?kj tc okil

vk;saxs rks ?kj dh uhao Mxexk pqdh gksxh] ifjokj fc[kj tk,xkA

ysfdu ehfM;k dke;kc gks tk,xkA Hkkjr ns'k dh n'kk vkSj fn'kk

fcxM+ x;h ij fdls QdZ iM+rk gS\ lc rks fodkl dh vksj c<+ jgs

gaS og pkgs xanh ukyh ls gksdj tkrk gks ;k ifo=k lksp ls vkxs c<+

jgk gksA c<+uk lcdh fQrjr cu x;h gSA ehfM;k us lcdks c<+us

dk ekSdk fn;k gSA blesa dksbZ lansg ugha gSA miHkksDrkokn ,oa

cktkjokn ds opZLo us ehfM;k ds }kjk gekjh vk¡[kksa ij ,slk ,sud

p<+k fn;k gS efgyk,¡ flQZ vkSj flQZ miHkksx dh oLrq utj vkus

yxh gaSA XYkSej vkfVZdy cudj jg x;h gSaA

1- ehfM;k foe'kZ& MkW- fojsanz flag

2- fo'o ehfM;k cktkj& MkW- jPkw] fQYe i=kdkfjrk& fouksn frokjh]

3- vk/kqfud foKkiu& MkW- ikratfy]

4- ehfM;k foe'kZ] Hkksiky

5- ehfM;k Økafr vkSj efgyk,¡& MkW- deyk jÙkw

lanHkZ xzaFk

v/;{k fganh foHkkx] izk- jked`".k eksjs ,-lh-,l egkfo|ky;] vkdqMhZ] iq.ks

foe'kZehfM;k

55

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

t ls 40&45 o"kZ iwoZ dk le;A rc gekjs thou esa cq)w

cDls us n[ky ugha fn;k FkkA JO; ek/;e jsfM;ks Fkk Hkh

rks vius lhfer gLr{ksi ds lkFk ghA i<+uk ckSf)drk dh fu'kkuh

Fkh rks #fp dk {ks=k HkhA ?kj&ifjokj ds e/; cpiu esa tc lq/k

vkuh 'kq: gqbZ] Lo;a dks dbZ i=k&if=kdkvksa ls f?kjk ik;kA ckcwth

vkSj cM+s HkkbZ;ksa esa O;kIr iBuh;rk vkSj Kku dh yyd us

vyekfj;ksa dks xzaFkksa ls ikV j[kk Fkk] fu;fer if=kdk;sa Hkh de u

FkhaA /keZ;qx] lkIrkfgd fgUnqLrku] uouhr] dknfEcuh] lfjrk]

eqDrk ds lkFk bysLVªsV ohdyh vkWQ bafM;k] jhMlZ MkbtsLV] bafM;k

VqMs tSlh if=kdkvksa dh vFkZ Hkjh mifLFkfr bu if=kdkvksa esa tSl

tknqbZ vkd"kZ.k gksrkA i`"B jaxhu gks vFkok 'osr ';ke] mudk

vkea=k.k dHkh Bqdjk;k u tk ldkA Åaxfy;k¡ epyh iM+rhaA ns[ksa

fd Hkhrj D;k gS\ cM+s HkkbZ lkgc cM+s djhus ls mu if=kdkvksa dks

frfFkokj lgst dj j[kk djrsA ge cPpksa dh Hkh cM+h bPNk gksrh]

vk

D;k dqN fy[k jgh gSa L=kh if=kdk,¡

vkoj.k dFkk-6lqHknzk jkBkSj

foe'kZehfM;k

57

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

bu ij vf/kdkj tek;k tk,A rc le>kbZ'k feyh fd bu

if=kdkvksa ij utj t:j Qsj yks] ij vHkh rd buds yk;d ughaA

rqEgkjs fy, rks pank ekek] uanu] paid] foØe vkSj osrky] QSaVe]

pkpk pkS/kjh] flagklu cÙkhlh vkSj reke dkSfeDl dh nqfu;k gh

dkQh gSA nsj&lcsj foHkktu le> esa vk;k( cM+ksa ds fy, vyx vkSj

cPpksa ds fy, vyx if=kdk,¡A cky if=kdk! Bhd Hkh gSA mez us

;k=kk tkjh j[khA dqN cM+s gq,A dgha ls gkFk yx xbZa if=kdk,¡

x`g'kksHkk] euksjekA cM+s HkkbZ lkgc dh fgVyjh vk¡[kksa us fQj rjsjkA

ß;g rqEgkjs i<+us yk;d if=kdk ughaA [kcjnkj tks bls i<+kAÞ ;s

yks! D;ksa HkkbZ\ cM+ksa ds fy, viuh if=kdk] cPpksa ds fy, cky

if=kdk] rks fQj esjs L=kh gksus ds ckotwn ;g L=kh if=kdk eq>ls nwj

D;ksa\ ;g dksbZ ûkosy* gS D;k\ fd fcxM+ tkÅ¡A esjs ge mez

ikBdksa dks vPNh rjg ;kn gksxk fd ml nkSj esa fQYe ns[kuk vxj

cnpyuh Fkh rks cPps dk [kqjnjs iUuksa okyh eksVh fdrkcsa i<+uk

pfj=kghurk rd dh fu'kkuh FkhA ftl fd'kksj ;k ;qok ds rfd;s ds

uhps og ukWosy feyrk cM+ksa dh Hk`dqfV;k¡ ryokj cu tk;k djrhaA

[kSj] fo"k; ij vk;k tk,A rks] gesa viuh vYgM+ mez esa cM+ksa us

Hkjdj L=kh if=kdkvksa ls nwj j[kkA ij dc rd\ viuk Hkh le;

vk;kA c<+rh mez us o;Ldrk vkSj C;kg ds rksgQs ds lkFk dbZ

fo'ks"k fo'ks"kkf/kdkj lkSaisA muesa ls ,d bu L=kh if=kdkvksa dks

Lora=krk ls i<+us dk feyk vf/kdkj Hkh FkkA i<+k] ns[kk fd vkf[kj

blesa ,slk D;k Fkk fd bUgsa gels fNikdj j[kk x;k\ vkSj ;g Hkh

fd ftl iq#"k iz/kku Hkkjrh; lekt esa Lo;a iq#"k ds fy, i`Fkd

if=kdk ugha gS] fL=k;ksa ds fy, if=kdkvksa dh vPNh [kklh ekStwnxh

gSA tks&tks bUgsa i<+k le> esa vkrk x;k fd D;ksa ;s if=kdk;sa

foHkktu js[kk ds ikj [kM+h gSaA BsB L=kh thou ij dsfUnzr lkefxz;k¡

x`g'kksHkk] euksjek] okek] esjh lgsyh ls ysdj Qsfeuk] oqesUl] bjk

tSlh if=kdk,¡ iq#"k lÙkk dsUnz esa gks vkSj ,d dksuk L=kh if=kdk ds

:i esa fey tk,] jkgr nsus okyh ckr rks gksxh ghA mudk viuk

eap] ftlls og dkQh dqN lk>k dj ldrh gSA viuh ihM+k] vius

nq[k] vius lius] viuk lalkjA mldh [kqf'k;k¡] mldk LokLF;]

mldk ru] mldk eu] mldh my>uA iq#"k ds fy, tks phtsa

vFkZghu vkSj vogsyuh; Fkh] ;gk¡ izeq[krk ikrh FkhaA ;g Hkh le>

esa vk;k fd D;ksa ,d [kkl mez ds ckn blds iUus [kksyus dh

btktr feyrh FkhA D;k ugha Fkk ;gk¡\ ?kj&ifjokj] lkj&laHkky]

ifr] cPps] ckx&cxhpk] jlksbZ] Mªkbax :e ls ysdj L=kh thou ds

furkar futh izlax] laca/k vkSj lsDl HkhA ,sls reke fo"k; ftu ij

ppkZ djuk rc dh L=kh ds fy,] ,dkar esa Hkh f>>d ds dkj.k Fks]

;gk¡ [kqydj ckrsa gksrhaA vk'p;Z dh ckr gS uA ij Hkkjr tSls fiNM+s

ns'k dh L=kh if=kdk;sa iwjs lkgl ds lkFk L=kh dh l[kh cudj [kM+h

gks tkrh FkhA ;s if=kdk;sa mldh lgsyh Fkh] vfHkHkkod Fkha rks xq#

HkhA inkZ u Fkk] if=kdk;sa vius eu dk fu%ladksp ;gk¡ mtkxj Hkh

djrh vkSj euekfQd [kqjkd Hkh ikrhA ;g rks gqbZ fiNyh lnh dh

ckrA vkt dSlh gSa ;s if=kdk,¡\

L=kh 'kfDr fo'ks"kkad ds ifjizs{; esa tc eq>s L=kh

if=kdkvksa dks [kaxkyus dk VkLd feyk eSa nqfo/kk esa iM+ xbZA nqfo/kk

;g fd eSaus rks tkus dc ls bu if=kdkvksa dh vksj >kaduk gh can

dj fn;k FkkA nqfo/kk ds lkFk vk'p;Z Hkh gqvk fd ,slk dc] D;ksa

vkSj dSls gks x;k\ bu if=kdkvksa dks dHkh eSaus viuk lkFkh ekukA

ftuls cM+k jkxkRed laca/k jgkA vkt muls fcYdqy foeq[k\ ;fn

;s L=kh if=kdk;sa gSa rks D;k vc eSa L=kh ugha jghA vFkok os ml

ifjf/k ls ckgj gks xbZ gSa\ tkfgj gS] ,slk dksbZ myVQsj rks gqvk ugha

gSA fQj dkj.k D;k gS\ pfy, fQygky bl iz'u dks ;gha fojke nsrs

gSa vkSj igys ,d utj Mkyrs gSa dqN [kkl L=kh if=kdkvksa ds

uohure vadksa ijA vkdyu ckn esaA

D;ksa jksrk gS cPpk] D;k j[ksa jlksbZ ?kj esa] lej C;wVh VªSaM

2015] vfu;ksftr xHkZ fucVsa ,sls] ek¡ cuuk rks lEeku dh ckr gS&

daxuk jk.kkor] ;ksa gh ugha jksrk cPpk] idoku] NksVh&NksVh rkjhQsa

cM+s&cM+s Qk;nsA vxj ijs'kku djs tka?kksa dk QSV] vkWQ 'kksYMj Mªsl

ls yxsa fcankl] v#.kk 'kkuckx Hkkoukghu thou dk var] vis{kk

nq[k dkj.k rks ugha] tSlh dk;k pkfg, oSlh ikb;s] LdkQZ LVkby]

nkaiR; dk nq'eu beks'kuy vQs;j] Qwy Hkh dkaVsa Hkh] fogaxe]

L=kh 'kfDr fo'ks"kkad ds ifjizs{; esa tc eq>s L=kh if=kdkvksa dks [kaxkyus dk VkLd feyk rks eSa nqfo/kk esa

iM+ xbZA nqfo/kk ;g fd eSaus rks tkus dc ls bu if=kdkvksa dh vksj >kaduk gh can dj fn;k FkkA

nqfo/kk ds lkFk vk'p;Z Hkh gqvk fd ,slk dc] D;ksa vkSj dSls gks x;k\ bu if=kdkvksa dks dHkh viuk

lek ekukA ftuls cM+k jkxkRed laca/k jgkA

58


lekpkj n'kZu] lkSUn;Z leL;k,¡] LokLF; lqy>u] O;fDrxr

leL;k,¡] e.Mi ds uhps] ckr tks fny dks Nw xbZ] c<+rs cPpksa dh

ijofj'k pqukSrh ugha vklku] tc tkuk gks jsLVksjsaV NksVs cPpksa ds

lkFk] vkidk cPpk cqfyax dk f'kdkj rks ugha] cPps dks j[krk]

LoLFk ek¡ dk nw/k] vk;k ekSle eLr vnkvksa dk] dFkk lkfgR;

¼la;ksfxrk iqjk.k½] 16osa lky dh dkjxqtkfj;k¡] ekSu fuea=k.kA

bu ckWDl ¼i=k½] vkbfM;kt] vklku gqbZ 'kknh dh rS;kjh]

vkdfLed lsDl] csgrjhu Øwt ij i;ZVu] Lokfn"V vkSj lsgrean

lykn] fdpu esa iq#"k] gk¡] ge ,sls gh gSa] fotsrk lehdj.k] QS'ku]

D;k xM+cM+h gS lans'k okgdksa ds lkFk] vufyfeVsM euksjatu] yach

ikjh ds fy, rS;kj] mEehn dh fdj.k] gjQuekSyk vfHkusrk]

Hkkjrh; ifjokjksa esa lekurk dh nLrd] I;kj] tquwu vkSj ikxyiu]

eankfduh fooknksa dh pgsrh] lkglh MkWDVj] dgkuh ¼flQZ vglkl

gS ;s½] iki dh csVh] fjO;w ¼fdrkc] Vsyhfotu 'kks vkfn ds½] deky

ds vkfQl ,sIl] jgu&lgu] lSj likVk] eqykdkrA

ekulwu QS'ku] VªSaM~l] ekulwu fLdu ds;j fVIl] ekulwu

esdvi] QkLV VªSd ij Lyks gksrh ftanxh] feykoV dk c<+rk cktkj]

D;k vki Hkh ,ythZ ls ijs'kku gSa] fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa lsDl u djsa]

fjys'kuf'ki gsYi ykbu] fj'rkas dks [kwclwjr cuk, j[kus dh

jsfliht] cPpkas dks fl[kk,a f'k"Vkpkj] D;k vki yksu ys jgs gSa\

dSfj;j dh 'kq#vkr esa cpsa bu xyfr;ksa ls] dgkuh ¼vfXuijh{kk]

vfHkus=kh dk ifr] gkbVsd tujs'ku] mRlo eukvks½ QS'ku] js'keh

Qqgkjs] ijEijk] csfelky] fQYe LraHk ¼igyk vQs;j] jkf'kQy]

ukjh LokLF;] lsDl izkWCye] nknh ek¡ dk [ktkuk] vkidh utj] U;w

izksMDV~l½A

LraHk ¼xsLV ,MhVj iksLV cSx] dfork] gsYFk U;wt] isjsafVax

U;wt] oqeu U;wt] VªSoy U;wt] glr&g¡lkbZ½] ykbV~l dSejk] QS'ku]

,sls cu xbZ fel bafM;k] cqLV ;ksj ckWMh bE;wu] ekulwu osfMax]

ekulwu esa cusa LekVZ gkseesdj] jsfliht] dFkk lkxj ¼lkr Qsjksa dh

pqHku] fuEeksa] eSa dqN ugha dj ldrh] ek¡ gh nks"kh D;ksa\½ baVhfj;j]

ykbQ LVkby] Tosyjh] gsYFk] esdvi] Qslcqd ds Qsd Ýs.M~l] LekVZ

LVMh ,i] fny rks cPpk gS th] dqN lquk gS D;k\ ,MYV U;wt] vksoj

izksMfDVo] glcSaM] izhr esa efj;ks u dks;] eEeh ikik dk I;kj]

fjtsD'ku ftUnxh thuk fl[kkrk gS] isjsfUVax] ckWyhoqM] VªSoyA

csM Vkbe LVksjht] ?kj dh Fkkyh] ?kjsyw uqL[ks] tk;dk]

lkfgR; ¼gkml uacj 302] QSlyk] ykSV vkvks f'kf'kj ,oa

dfork,¡½] lkSUn;Z] LokLF;@fQVusl ¼jfuax :Yl½ esaLVqvy

gk;thu] euksfoKku ¼eq>eas gh gS esjh nqfu;k½ csfj;kfVªd ltZjh]

lsgr ij Hkkjh thal] vCLVªfDVo Lyhi ,fIu;k esuksikWt% tc >Vds

ls ckj&ckj [kqys uhan] QS'ku] l[kh bu ckWDl ¼i=k dkWye½ dy vkSj

vkt] gsYFk okp] dkuwu] LekVZ isjsafVax] l[kh dk lkSUn;Z] O;fDrxr

leL;k;sa] eu dh xkBsa] l[kh jsfliht izfr;ksfxrk] dqN rks yksx

dgsaxs] lqusa er xqusa] vkLFkk] nqfu;k bu fnuksa] dqN dgrs gSa flrkjs]

O;fDrRo] gelQj] ys[k&Qhpj ¼lkekftd O;ogkj½ iM+kslh

dSls&dSls] dSail ls&ryk'k ,d vnn :e dh] nkaiR; I;kj esa

vljq{kk dSlh] lkt laHkky& utj u yxs dEI;wVj dks] NksVh&NksVh

ckrsa] LoLFk jgsa ckfj'k dk yqRQ ysa] felky& va/ksjs esa mEehn dh

fdj.k] laca/k tqM+sxk fj'rk /khjs&/khjs] fj'rs ukrs& de gksrs Qklys]

t:jh tkudkjh] vk¡[kksa dk lqj{kk pØ] ;wFk izkWCye] ekWe esjh

ftanxh esa dksbZ gS] ihih,Q&Qk;nsean vkSj lqjf{kr fuos'k] fØ;sfVOg

QaMk] iUuksa ij fi?kyrk rduhd dk fny] vPNk yxrk gS rhljk

csVk] fdM~l dkuZj] dfj;j] ijofj'k] baVhfj;j] i;ZVu] lrdZrk]

fQYe ,sls cuh] v/;kReA

fofo/k ¼Qy dk Qk;nk] usdihl lysD'ku] cM+h vEek

dh lykg] 20 LekVZ vkbfM;k LekVZ ykbQ] chek o lqj{kk

;kstuk;sa½] [kkl ¼Øhe ikmMj] dye] fcx baVjO;w% fV~oady [kUuk

fj;y LVkj½ lkSUn;Z] LokLF; ¼L=kh LokLF;] lsYQ esMhds'ku ls

rkSck½] O;atu] ;ax ekWe Lis'ky ¼;ax ekWe xkbM] csch dh QLVZ

ckbV] ;x ekWe ijQsDV ykbQ] ;ax ekWe dk esdvksoj] csgrj gS

czsLV QhfMax] lks jgk gS ykMyk] rdyhQsa Nwearj] cPps dks rst

cq[kkj] D;ksa Mjrs gSa csch] iksVh Vªsfuax] nkEiR; ¼fyo bu cuke

naifr] eksgCcr txkus ds ea=k½] QS'ku] dgkuh ¼vFkZ&vuFkZ] esjh

lquank] ihgj NwVks tk;] fny us dgk½] fQYe] vkids [kr] u;h

nLrd ¼xaxk dle& eS=ks;h iq"ik½] x`gLFk czãpkjh ¼lsDlksykbftLV]

izdk'k dksBkjh ls iz'uksÙkjh dkWye½] eu dh my>u ¼dkmfUlfyax

lkbDyksftLV ls lykg@iz'uksÙkj½] C;wVh fVIl] lukru pSysat ¼'kknh

vkSj lsDl ij fparu½] y?kq dFkk;sa] ekdZsV eap] Hkfo";Qy] Bgkdk

,Dlizsl] ewoh eSftd] chek o lqj{kk ;kstuk;sa] dfork;sa ¼csfV;k¡]

ckfj'k] bu fnuksa½ cM+h vEek dh lykgA

fpëh vkbZ gS] lekt ds lkFk viusiu] I;kj vkSj lekt

dks rjlrs fdUuj] onhZ okyh efgykvksa dh vuns[kh] laca/kksa ij

tklwlksa dh utj] laLdkjksa dh Mksj ls ca/kk jgs gj ifjokj] dgkuh

¼vxj rqe u gksrs] ixyk xbZ gS Hkxorh] Hkjok¡ cSaxu dk lkfgR; esa

;ksxnku ¼O;aX;½½] gk; eSa 'keZ ls yky gqbZ ¼LraHk½] ek;dk gh

ek;dk] euksjatu] QS'ku dk tyok] vkHkw"k.k] ltsa& dqN bl rjg]

izksMDV fjO;w] QS'ku] fdpu ,Iykbalst Lis'ky] x`gy{eh dkWUVsLV]

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foe'kZehfM;k

59

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

O;atu] LokLF;] nnZ&,&nok ¼'kkjhfjd&ekufld LokLF; lEcU/kh

iz'uksÙkj½] ltk,¡ vkf'k;kuk] ckWyhoqM] ge fdlh ls de ugha]

ckyeu] eerk dk Li'kZ] pgy&igy ¼lekpkj½] gky&,&cktkj

¼izksMDV~l dh lwpuk,¡½] dSls yk,¡ cq>s psgjs ij eqLdku] ek¡ cuke

lklw ek¡] cuk,¡ vklku vkSj vljnkj gkseesM Dyhuj] D;k dgrs gSa

rkjs] lksuh lair] ukjh ds loky vukM+h ds tokc ¼v'kksd pØ/kj

ls iz'uksÙkj dk dkWye½

,d nwts ds gelQj] ekdZsV gypy] VªSoy tjk gVds

Lis'ky] Nqfê;ksa dk lnqi;ksx] xzsV ckWfUMax fon uks Qk;j dqfdax]

eLrh Hkh bUde Hkh] xkMZfuax] tc ?kj esa ctkuk gks ewoh fFk;sVj]

fDot] MkWDVj dh lykg ¼fjys'kuf'ki] xkbuh ½] buQksdl]

ftUnxh dk gj iy ljizkbftax gS] jsxqylZ ¼VkWi xStsV~l] dgkuh]

esjk vuks[kk izseh] O;aX;] e>/kkj% izsetky] esjk igyk izse i=k]

dfork,¡] fdM~l vkWu VkWi] ewoh Vhoh V'ku] D;k dgrs gSa flrkjs]

VkWi gypy] ½] oDr gekjk gS] QS'ku

VªSaM~l] VsLVh O;atu] VkWi C;wVh] Mk;jsDV MkWDVj ls ¼yw dh pisV esa

vki Hkh u tk,¡] izsXusalh ds nkSjku VªSoy] fdM~l ] osyusl]

vke ds vke xqBfy;ksa ds nke] dfj;j] isV~l ds;j] okLrq] igy]

euh ,Mokbt] ,d eqykdkr] lEiknd ds uke i=kA

jsX;qyj dkWyEl ¼bu ckWDl] foaMks 'kkWfiax] eaFku] FkksM+k&lk

:ekuh gks tk,¡] igy] baVhfj;j xq#] cksys rkjs] thus dh dyk½]

esUl dkWuZj ¼iq#"kksa ds 10 Mj½] euh eSustesaV] VªSaMh izksMDV~l]

fØ,fVOgl dqfdax] gsYnh fjys'kuf'ki ¼lsDl ls tqM+s 20 fnypLi

QSDV~l] fjys'kuf'ki xq#% ns ldrs gSa lgh lykg½] MsdksjsfVOgl

vkVZ] vkbfM;y gkse esdj] LekVZ dfj;j] LVkby viMsV] esdvksoj

ea=k] ijofj'k] fVfQu] vkbfM;kt] QknlZ Ms Lis'ky] LVksjh Vkbe]

VªSoy xkbM] Mªhe gkse] XySej oYMZA

C;wVh] fQVusl] fofo/k ¼C;wVh ctV] nsa liuksa dks mM+ku]

eSal xzwfeax fdV] j[ksa ;s C;wVh izksMDV] lSywu Lik okLrq½] gs;j C;wVh]

LraHk ¼lkSUn;Z izlk/ku] lSywu QuhZpj] jkf'kQy] lp D;k gS] C;wVh

,lsljht] gekjs 'kgj esa] U;w C;wVh izksMDV~l] [kwclwjr yksx]

[kwclwjr ckrsa] lkSUn;Z lekpkj] tksDl½] Mkd ls] esdviA

;ksa rks fun'kZu ds fy, irhyh esa [kncnk jgk pkoy dk

,d nkuk dkQh gksrk gS] ij vU;k; D;ksa gks\ L=kh if=kdkvksa ds

uohure vad ds iwjs 13 mnkgj.k vkids le{k gSA D;k fy[kk tk

jgk gS buesa] vki Lor% vkdyu dj ldrs gSaA lkjh if=kdk;sa

deksos'k ogh doj dj jgh gS] ftuls L=kh lalkj dk okLrk gSA gksuk

Hkh pkfg,A budk mn~xe Hkh rks blhfy;s gh gqvk Fkk fd L=kh dks

viuk lPpk lkFkh feysA mís';iwfrZ Hkh gqbZA fdUrq vk'p;Z ;g

ns[kdj gksrk gS fd tc xSj L=kh if=kdkvksa ds lkFk reke eqfnzr

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Q &A

Miracle of Tarot cards

Q & A

+

Ideas (fab food finds inside scoop, belly crawlkolkata cravings, Travel to-dos not without my baby),Fashion, The big story (All hail the new queens, I want tobe the voice of India, its good to be jack of all trades, itsnot just about beauty, winners all the way, swissmissspecial, mix & match (Femina event the making of aDIVA, Style watch of the moment, on the shooping list,Beauty, Exclusives (investigation kids at work, man dwelove. I dont's want to show a cliched India) in every issue(Editor's .................., Tombstone, Alive, What's on

feminain, Inbox, beauty mandate.

A move towards a gender sensitive media.swaraj samvad to keep the march on: Yogendra Yadav,Why good girls fall for bad guys? Tatting tongues,Losses, open a dialogue, hair care, child and sexualcrime, Ostoosarcoma, eat only greens, TN Govt. Shunsthe needs of buildess, Pristine art, Cookery, fashion,Reader's Contests, Your Body, Beauty queries,Personal problems, my family y friends and me,suffering from an existential dilemma, poem, kitchen

queries, Money matters, Classified.

Shades 'N' tresses, beauty notes, face to face,style sense, His voice, Nutrition, Health file, Jobsmart,Busy Body, Bohemian, Features (Life lessons to excelin your 30s, 40s, 50s, How fantasy can ruin your sex life,the rise of the metro sexual single, dad, pamper yourpets this monsoon, slim 'N" trim, Your attention please,fiction), Photo features, In VOGUE Hey beach baby,Interiors, Potluck, Your problems solved, regulars(Beauty buys, mass street, fashion, club rooms, Miss fixit, Bed lime stories, maniman form, corporate affairs,Mindbend, What to do when, clam sutras,Mommynoonics, Takeaway, off the shelf, Leisure,

Events, Shopping guide, coffee table, NW FAVE5'

njvly ftu if=kdkvksa dks ge L=kh if=kdk dgrs gSa os L=kh dk iw.kZ i{k vfHkO;Dr djus eas vkt pwd

jgh gSaA ns[kdj rks ;gh yxrk gS fd mlds n`f"ViFk ij flQZ vkSj flQZ ogh fL=k;k¡ gSa tks x`fg.kh ek=k

gSaA fdarq ;gk¡ iz'u rks mudh rjQ ls Hkh gS] tks x`gf.k;k¡ gSaA

60


lalkj le; ds lkFk pyus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk gS] L=kh if=kdk D;ksa

ughaA Lo;a L=kh us izxfr dh vksj dne c<+k, gSaA dkQh vkxs pyh

xbZ gSaA ,sls esa mldh l[kh ds iSj D;ksa fBBds gq, gSaA pedhys]

fLuX/k] XySejl vkoj.k i`"B ds lkFk Hkhrj iUus Hkh vkd"kZd gSa] tks

rduhdh ds deky gSa vU;Fkk izLrqr gks jgs fo"k;ksa esa D;k varj gSA

vkjafHkd if=kdk dk dksbZ Hkh vad ;fn frfFk cnydj iqu% izdkf'kr

dj fn;k tk, rks ,dckjxh igpku ikuk eqf'dy gksxk fd ;g

fiNyh lnh dh if=kdk gS vFkok vkt dhA cksry ogh] 'kjkc oghA

ogh ?kj ckj] fdpu] Mªkbax:e] cSM:e] ckx&cxhps] ifr]

cky&cPps] futh LokLF;] lkSUn;Z] QS'ku] fQYe] tksDl] xkWfil]

Hkfo";Qy] fj'rs&ukrs] my>u&lqy>u vkfn bR;kfnA dqN

fxuh&pquh if=kdk,¡ gSa ftuesa ubZ vkSjr dk vDl >k¡drk gSA og Hkh

csgn datwlh ds lkFkA L=kh&if=kdkvksa dh :f<+okfnrk] ladqfpr

n`f"Vdks.k vkSj nsgjh ds Hkhrj fleVs jgus dh ftn us L=kh ds cMs+ ?kM+s

dks buls nwj dj fn;kA Vsyhfotu vkSj euksjatu txr gh nks"kh ugha

gS fd L=kh&if=kdkvksa dh ikfBdkvksa us buls eq¡g eksM+k gSA nks"k bu

if=kdkvksa dk Hkh gSA nks"k ;g fd L=kh dh if=kdk gksus dk nkok

djrh ;s if=kdk;sa L=kh thou dks eap rks ns jgh gS] ij ;g eap cgqr

ttZj gS] iqjkuk gS bls iqufuZekZ.k dh vko';drk gSSA Hkkjr fiNM+k

ns'k Fkk vkt fodkl'khy ns'k gSA ;gk¡ dh fL=k;k¡ Hkh rsth ls fodkl

dj jgh gSaA cgqla[;k fL=k;k¡ pkjnhokjh ls ckgj vk pqdh gaS] vk jgh

gSa] muds fy, flQZ vpkj&cM+h&ikiM+] ifr] cPps] ?kj&vkaxu gh

vFkZoku ugha gSaA lksfu;k xka/kh] t;yfyrk] eerk cSuthZ] ek;korh]

lq"kek Lojkt] olqU/kjk jkts] v:a/kfr Hkêkpk;Z] bfUnjk uwbZ] pank

dkspj] dYiuk pkoyk] lquhrk fofy;El] fdj.k csnh] esjhdkWe ls

ysdj ,d efgyk vkWVks pkyd rd] buds fy, D;k flQZ

cuko&Jàxkj ;k jslhiht gh lgk;d gksaxsA vkt dk L=kh lalkj flQZ

ikfjokfjd gh ugha] jktuhfrd] lkekftd] vkfFkZd] oSKkfud]

iz'kklfud] 'kS{kf.kd] vk/;kfRed vkfn leLr cgqvk;keh {ks=kksa

dks Nwrk gSA muds thou L=kh if=kdkvksa dh utj ls vks>y D;ksa gSa\

njvly ftu if=kdkvksa dks ge L=kh if=kdk dgrs gSa os

L=kh dk iw.kZ i{k vfHkO;Dr djus eas vkt pwd jgh gSaA ns[kdj rks

;gh yxrk gS fd mlds n`f"ViFk ij flQZ vkSj flQZ ogh fL=k;k¡ gSa

tks x`fg.kh ek=k gSaA fdarq ;gk¡ iz'u rks mudh rjQ ls Hkh gS] tks

x`gf.k;k¡ gSaA ,slh fL=k;k¡ tks dkedkth ugha gS] ?kjsyw gSa] gkmlokbZQ

gSa] mudh nqfu;k Hkh bruh fleVh gqbZ rks ugha gS] ftruh bu

if=kdkvksa us lesV j[kh gSaA cfYd dbZ ckj x`fgf.k;k¡ dkedkth

fL=k;ksa ij chl iM+rh gSaA vius vuqHko] Kku] ltxrk o

vk/kqfudrk ds vk/kkj ijA lqf'kf{krkvksa ds fy, flykbZ] d<+kbZ]

cqukbZ gh ^vPNh L=kh* dh rqyuk ugha jg xbZ gSA mUgsa Hkh [kqyh

f[kM+dh pkfg,A os Hkh vkdk'k ns[krh gSa] mUgsa Hkh ns'k&nqfu;k dh

fpark gSA L=kh if=kdkvksa esa laiknd dh dye Fkke jgh ukephu

fL=k;ksa elyu gsek ekfyuh] uhye uank] izxfr xqIrk] efj;e

ekDeu esF;q] rcLlqe] lqjfHk vkuan] lk/kuk ikgok] rkU;k pSrU;k

vkfn ls iz'u gS fd D;k os Lo;a bu if=kdkvksa ds ckotwn ekStwnk

QkeZsV ls larq"V gSaA D;k mudh O;fDrxr :fp;ksa dks ;gk¡ r`fIr

feyrh gSA ;gk¡ rd fd ^ * uke ls izdkf'kr gks jgh

L=kh if=kdk Hkh uohurk ds uke ij D;k ijksl jgh gSA nksgjkus dh

vko';drk ughaA ¼ns[ksa Øekad 13 esa mYysf[kr fcanqvksa dh vksj½

varr% vkdyu ds lkFk dFku dh ps"Vk ;g fd eSa vkt

dh L=kh if=kdkvksa dks oLrqr% [kkfjt ugha dj jghA budh

mifLFkfr fL=k;ksa ds fy, vkt Hkh vge gSA Hkkjrh; ifjn`'; esa

fodkl ds ckotwn L=kh dh ihM+k,¡] mldh futrk] mlds O;fDrxr

iz'u vkSj ?kj&ifjokj dh ftEesnkjh] tl dh rl gSA if=kdk mudh

ennxkj vkt Hkh gS fdarq ckr ugha( FkksM+k gS FkksM+s dh vkSj t:jr gSA

cnyrs nkSj] cnyrh L=kh ds lkFk mldh lafxuh dks Hkh cnyuk

pkfg,A cnyko bruk rks gks fd if=kdk vk/kh&v/kwjh u yxs( og

;fn L=kh lalkj dk izfrfuf/kRo djrh gS rks iw.kZ ^vk/kh vkcknh* dk

djsA vk/kh vkcknh dks Hkh vk/kk djds] mldk fjizstsUVs'ku D;ksa\

bl vksj lkspus dh vko';drk gS!

1- x`g'kksHkk] twu ¼f}rh;½] 2015

2- Qsfeuk] twu] 2015

3- esjh lgsyh] tqykbZ] 2015

4- esjh ltuh] tqykbZ] 2015

5- tkxj.k l[kh] tqykbZ] 2015

6- ouhrk] tqykbZ] 2015

7- x`gy{eh] tqykbZ] 2015

8- oqeu vkWu VkWi] twu] 2015

9- gkse esdj] twu] 2015

10- lquank] tqykbZ] 2015

11- twu 16] 2015

12- twu ¼ ½] 2015

13- twu] 2015

New Women

Femina,

Women's Era, II

New Women,

lanHkZ

ysf[kdk 'kkldh; NÙkhlx<+ egkfo|ky;] jk;iqj esa fganh dh izk/;kid gSa

rFkk êhfM;k foe'kZ* ds laiknd eaMy dh lnL; gSaA

foe'kZehfM;k

61

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

fM;k dk efgyk isze mtkxj gks pqdk gS ;kuh ehfM;k ds

eBk/kh'kksa }kjk ehfM;k gkml esa efgyk i=kdkjksa ds lkFk

'kks"k.k dh ckr vc vke gks pyh gS vkSj bls vke fd;k gS lks'ky

ehfM;k usA ehfM;k esa efgykvksa ds izos'k ds uke ij 'kks"k.k dh

dgkfu;ka lks'ky ehfM;k ds vkus ds ckn lqukbZ tksj 'kksj ls iM+us

yxh gSA oSlh efgyk i=kdkj tks gj gky esa txg ikuk pkgrh gSA os

ehfM;k ds eBk/kh'kksa ds pqxay esa vklkuh ls vk tkrh gSaA ogha]

[kkfe;ktk oSlh efgyk i=kdkjksa dks mBkuk iM+rk gS tks vius ne

ij vkrh gSaA ehfM;k eBk/kh'k vius >kals esa ysus dh iqjtksj dksf'k'k

djrs gSa vkSj r#.k rstiky tSlksa dh dgkuh nqgjkbZ tkrh gSA gkykr

;g gS fd ehfM;k ds efgyk isze dh pisV esa dbZ rstikyksa dh iksy

[kqyrh gh tk jgh gSA

lcls cM+k loky ;g gS fd ehfM;k esa D;ksa gks jgk gS ;kSu

'kks"k.k\ ehfM;k ij dkfct iq#"k lÙkk] efgykvksa dks ehfM;k gkml

esa txg nsus esa izkfnZ'krk ugha cjruk gSA tqxkM+ ;k fQj laqnjrk dk

iSekuk L=kh foe'kZ ij loky [kM+k dj tkrk gSA ehfM;k esa txg

fnyokus ds ,ot esa ;k fQj dk;Z ds nkSjku viuh efgyk lgdfeZ;ksa

dks izrkfM+r dj ;kSu 'kks"k.k ds tky esa Qalk;k tkuk vke gks x;k

gSA badkj djus ij ckgj dk jkLrk fn[kk fn;k tkrk gSA gkykafd

ekeyk dk [kqyklk gksus ls dbZ iq#"k i=kdkjksa dks ukSdjh ls gkFk Hkh

/kksuk iM+k gSA futh ehfM;k ds lkFk gh lkFk ljdkjh ehfM;k esa Hkh

;kSu 'kks"k.k ds NhaVs iM+s gSaA nwjn'kZu vkSj vkWy bafM;k jsfM;ks esa dke

dj jgh efgykdfeZ;ksa dh f'kdk;rksa dh xawt lwpuk ,oa izlkj.k

ea=kky; gksrs v[kckjksa rd igqaphA ehfM;k esa ;kSu 'kks"k.k ds ?ksjs esa

NksVs cM+s lHkh i=kdkj vk;s gSaA 'kks"k.k djus vkSj gksus okyksa esa nksuksa

igyw xokg cus gSaA ;gak uke fxukus dh t:jr ugha gSA loky gS

vkf[kj D;ksa\ rks ekeyk ehfM;k dk pdkpkSa/k dk gS ;k fQj dSfj;j

dk ;k efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh dk de gksuk\ iq#"koknh lekt ds

izHkqRo dk [kkfe;ktk efgykvksa dks gh Hkqxruk iM+rk gS D;ksafd

efgyk,a Hkh ehfM;k esa vkus ds ckn dSfj;j ds izfr fpafrr gksrh gSa

vkSj ,d ckj f'kdkj gksrh gS rks ckj ckj ?ksjus dh dksf'k'k iq#"k

izHkqRo djrk gSA

ehfM;k ds jk"Vªh; losZ ls irk pyrk gS fd jk"Vªh;

ehfM;k esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh 17 izfr'kr gS] vaxzsth ehfM;k esa

vis{kkd`r efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh Bhd gS] tcfd vaxzsth

bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k esa budh Hkkxhnkjh larks"ktud gSA vxj

ehfM;k gkml esa efgyk i=kdkjksa dh Hkkxhnkjh iq#"kksa ds cjkcj gks

tk;s vkSj f'k[kj ij efgyk dkfct gks rks ;kSu 'kks"k.k ij vadq'k

yx ldrk gSA ehfM;k ds ped ned ls ;qofr;ka f[kaph pyh vkrh

gSaA vkSj gj gky esa txg ikus dh gksM+ mUgsa ;kSu 'kks"k.k dh vksj

/kdsy nsrk gSA ogha dSfj;j dh Hkh yyd gksrh gS tks L=kh vf/kdkj

ds fy, tk;t gSA efgykvksa dks Hkh ehfM;k ykbu esa vkuk pkfg;sA

vk Hkh jgh gS ysfdu tkfr o tqxkM+ ra=k ls izos'k ikus okyh

efgykvksa ls mu efgykvksa dks [krjk gS tks lgh ek;us esa ,d

i=kdkj dh Hkwfedk esa dqN djus dh yyd ds lkFk vkrh gSA tcfd

nwljh /kkjk dh ;kuh QS'ku&iS'ku&tkfr&tqxkM+ ds rgr vkus okyh

efgykvksa ls fLFkfr;ka cnjax gks tkrh gS vkSj loky ds ?ksjs esa lc

dqN vkus yxrk gSA blesa ljdkjh o xSj ljdkjh nksuksa ehfM;k

'kkfey gSA tkfr dke ugha vk;h rks tqxkM+&iSjoh dks lh<+h cuk

fy;k tkrk gSA bls ysdj ppsZ Hkh gksrs gSaA

ehfM;k ds efgyk isze ls mRiUu loky L=kh foe'kZ

vkanksyu ls ekQh pkgrk gSA gkykr ;g gS fd ehfM;k esa efgyk isze

dh ?kVuk ls efgyk,a bl {ks=k esa vkus ls drjkus yxh gSa rks ogha

vfHkHkkod Hkh nwljs {ks=k esa Hkstus dh lykg nsrs gSaA ogha bl nyny

esa ,d ckj tks Qal tkrh gS mlds fy, fudy ikuk eqf'dy lk gks

tkrk gSA dbZ thoar mnkgj.k gSaA ,slh efgyk i=kdkj dks ysdj

vkbZus esa nsf[k;s viuk Hkh psgjkloky ;g gS fd ehfM;k esa ,sls gkykr D;ksa iSnk gksrs tk jgs gSa fd bl is'ks ls tqM+s yksxksa

dks tku nsus dh ukScr rd vk x;h gSA njvly i=kdkfjrk dh nqfu;k ckgj ls ftruh

[kwclwjr] HkO; vkSj XySejl fn[krh gS vUnj ls mruh gh cnjax gSA [kklrkSj ls Vhoh

i=kdkjksa dh rks csgn cqjh gkyr gSA

eh

vkoj.k dFkk-7lat; dqekj

62


ehfM;k esa QqlQqlkgV o lqxcqxkgV gksus yxrh gSA ckr ,d 'kgj

ds ,d ehfM;k gkml dh gSA ,d NksVs ls dLcs ls vk;h ;qorh us

ehfM;k gkÅlksa dk pDdj yxk;kA fdlh rjg mls ,d txg dke

feyk rks dqN gh fnuksa esa mlds ckWl ds djhch gksus dks ysdj ppkZ

vke gks x;hA ,slk ugha fd lHkh ehfM;k gkml vkSj lHkh iq#"k o

efgyk i=kdkj ,d tSls gksrs gksA

;kSu 'kks"k.k ls tqM+s T;knkrj ekeys lsVsykbV pSuyksa ls gaSA

Vhoh ij vkus dh yyd ;k dSfj;j ds fy, ehfM;k esa vkus okyh

efgyk i=kdkjksa dks FkksM+h nsj ds fy, foo'k rks cuk;k tk ldrk gSA

ysfdu dbZ ekeyksa esa dgkuh dqN vkSj gksrh gSA iq#"k lh<+h curs gS

rks ogha ikoj ds bLrseky ls efgyk,a tgak vkxs vkrh gS ogha tks

lgh ek;us esa ehfM;k dks dSfj;j cukus okyh efgyk i=kdkjksa dks

la?k"kZ djuk iM+rk gSA efgyk i=kdkj f'kdk;r djuk pkgrh gS rks

mls jksdk tkrk gS lkFk gh efgyk lgdehZ mls ,slk djus ls jksdrh

Hkh gSA i=kdkfjrk txr esa ;kSu fgalk ;k 'kks"k.k ds ekeys ij

chchlh dk lkHkkj ysdj vk/kh vkcknh us vius osclkbV ij 26

uoacj] 2013 dks ;g iksLV izdkf'kr fd;k tks gdhdr c;ka djrh

gSA

-----îwjh nqfu;k ls loky iwNus okys] cjkcjh vkSj lp dh

yM+kbZ yM+us okys i=kdkj] ftuds dke dh vki cgqr bTtr djrs

gSa] tc muesa ls gh dksbZ viuh efgyk lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk nqO;Zogkj

djs rks ;s cgqr nq[knk;h vkSj fujk'kktud gksrk gSA vius vuqHkoksa

dks chchlh ls lk>k djrs gq, i=kdkj #fDe.kh lsu dgrh gSa fd

fdlh ehfM;k laLFkk esa rkdroj in ij igqapus ds ckn dksbZ iq#"k

vxj vius fl)karksa dks rkd ij j[k ns rks ;s efgykvksa dks cgqr

grksRlkfgr djrk gSA 18 lky ls i=kdkfjrk dj jgha #fDe.kh ds

eqrkfcd tc viuh ukSdjh dks rkd ij j[kdj dksbZ efgyk vius

ls ofj"B lgdehZ ds f[kykQ f'kdk;r djus dh fgEer tqVkrh Hkh

gS] rks ml oä T;knkrj iq#"k lgdehZ muds lkFk ugha [kM+s gksrs gSaA

rks D;k yksdra=k dk pkSFkk LraHk ekus tkus okys i=kdkfjrk txr esa

;kSu fgalk ;k 'kks"k.k ds ekeys mrus gh vke gSa ftrus vkSj {ks=kksa esa\

fiNys dqN eghuksa esa dke dh txg ij ;kSu 'kks"k.k ds dbZ ekeys

lkeus vk, tSls nwjn'kZu vkSj vkWy bafM;k jsfM;ks esa dke dj jgh

efgykdfeZ;ksa dh f'kdk;r] lu Vhoh dh ,d efgykdehZ ,l

vfdyk dk ekeyk vkSj vc rgydk if=kdk ds laiknd r#.k

rstiky ds f[kykQ ;kSu fgalk dh f'kdk;rA

chchlh ls ckrphr esa ,l vfdyk us crk;k fd lu Vhoh

esa dke djrs gq, tc muds lhfu;j us muls v'yhy ckrsa djuh

'kq: dha rks dbZ efgyk lgdfeZ;ksa us gh mUgsa f'kdk;r djus ls euk

fd;kA vfdyk us dgk] n¶rj esa oks 'k[l ,sls crkZo dbZ efgykvksa

ds lkFk lkyksa ls djrs vk jgs Fks] ysfdu ukSdjh pys tkus ds Mj ls

fdlh us f'kdk;r ugha dh] eq>s Hkh lcus euk fd;k] ysfdu esjs

fy, ;s djuk t:jh FkkA vfdyk dh f'kdk;r ds ckn ,d vU;

ekeys esa vuq'kklukRed dkjZokbZ ds rgr mUgsa lLisaM dj fn;k

x;kA ij vfdyk ds eqrkfcd ;s mudh f'kdk;r dh otg ls fd;k

x;kA mudh f'kdk;r ds ckn lqizhe dksVZ }kjk tkjh fd, x, fn'kk

funsZ'k ds rgr ,d f'kdk;r desVh dk xBu Hkh gqvk] ysfdu

QSlyk muds gd esa ugha vk;kA nks eghus igys lfefr us viuh

fjiksVZ esa dgk fd vfdyk us ftu /kefd;ka vkSj v'yhy ckrksa ds

vkjksi yxk, gSa] oks Qksu ij fn, x, ;kuh oks dk;ZLFky ij ugha gq,

blfy, mu ij dksbZ dkjZokbZ ugha dh tk ldrhA vfdyk vc

ukSdjh dh ryk'k esa gSaA ;s t:j gS fd ftl 'k[l ds f[kykQ mUgksaus

f'kdk;r dh] mUgksaus vc lu Vhoh ls bLrhQk ns fn;k gSA f'kdk;r

ds ckn Hkh izrkM+uk] Hkkjr esa dke dj jgh efgyk i=kdkjksa ds

laxBu ûsVodZ QkWj oqesu bu ehfM;k bu bafM;k* dh jk"Vªh;

la;kstd vkSj i=kdkj y{eh ewfrZ ekurh gSa fd i=kdkj gksus dh

otg ls efgyk,a viuh ckr dgus esa T;knk l{ke eglwl djrh gSa]

ysfdu mudh f'kdk;r ij dSlk vey gksxk bldk vuqHko cgqr

vPNk ugha jgk gSA

lqizhe dksVZ }kjk tkjh fd, x, fn'kk&funsZ'kksa ds rgr

dk;ZLFky ij ;kSu 'kks"k.k dh f'kdk;r fd, tkus ij laLFkk dh

ftEesnkjh gS fd oks ,d f'kdk;r desVh dk xBu djs ftldh

v/;{krk ,d efgyk djs] mldh vk/kh ls T;knk lnL; efgyk,a gksa

vkSj mlesa ;kSu 'kks"k.k ds eqís ij dke dj jgh fdlh ckgjh

xSj&ljdkjh laLFkk dh ,d izfrfuf/k Hkh 'kkfey gksA chchlh ls

ckrphr esa y{eh us dgk] ;kSu 'kks"k.k ij lqizhe dksVZ ds

fn'kk&funsZ'k vkSj vc dkuwu cuuk efgyk vkanksyu dh ,d cM+h

lQyrk gS] ysfdu vc Hkh 80&90 Qhlnh ehfM;k n¶rjksa esa

f'kdk;r desfV;ka ugha cukbZ xbZ gSa vkSj uk gh muds lnL; lgh

rjhds ls fu;qä fd, tkrs gSaA y{eh ds eqrkfcd f'kdk;r ds ckn

Hkh efgykvksa ls gh loky iwNs tkrs gSa] mudh lPpkbZ ij 'kd fd;k

tkrk gS vkSj mUgsa ,d fnDdr iSnk djus okyh deZpkjh ekuk tkus

yxrk gS ftldh otg ls mUgsa dke ds dbZ vPNs ekSdksa ls eg:e

fd;k tkrk gSA

Hkkjr ljdkj us blh lky dk;ZLFky ij ;kSu 'kks"k.k ds

f[kykQ ,d dkuwu ikfjr fd;kA blds rgr dk;ZLFky dh

foe'kZehfM;k

63

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

ifjHkk"kk flQZ n¶rj rd lhfer ugha j[kh xbZ gS vkSj blesa

vlaxfBr {ks=k esa dke dj jgh efgykvksa dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k x;k

gSA u, dkuwu dk ikyu uk djus ij daiuh ds ekfyd dks 50]000

#i, rd dk tqekZuk Hkh nsuk iM+ ldrk gSA lkHkkj& chchlh fganhA

vfdyk] y{eh dh dgkuh dk nksgjko tkjh gSA 7 tqykbZ

2014 dks HkM+kl4ehfM;k ij izdkf'kr ofj"B i=kdkj lanhi Bkdqj

dk vkys[k pkSadkrk gSA ehfM;k esa efgykvksa ds lkFk gksrs ;kSu

'kks"k.k dh iksy [kqy tkrk gSA

---?kVuk 22 twu] 2014 dh gSA jfookj gksus ds dkj.k eSa

?kj ij gh Fkk rHkh ,d lkFkh dk Qksu vk;kA mlus crk;k fd

Vhvkjih ds jsl esa vOoy vkus dks vkrqj U;wt pSuy bafM;k Vhoh

dh ,d toku o [kwclwjr ,adj us dk;kZy; esa gh tgj [kkdj tku

nsus dk iz;kl fd;kA ehfM;k van#uh gkykr ls vPNh rjg okfdQ

gksus ds dkj.k ;g [kcj lqu eq>s dksbZ gSjkuh ugha gqbZ] ysfdu ns[kus

tkuus dh mRlqdrk t#j gqbZ fd vkf[kj ektjk gS D;k\ QkSju Vhoh

vku fd;k vkSj ,d&,d dj reke U;wt pSuy [kaxky Mkys] ysfdu

,adj dh vkRegR;k dh [kcj dgha ugha fn[khA vxys fnu dqN

v[kckjksa us vUnj ds iUuksa ij flaxy dkWye [kcj Nih FkhA fy[kk

Fkk ,d U;wt pSuy dh ,adj us vius ckWlst dh gjdrksa ls ijs'kku

gksdj dk;kZy; esa gh tgj [kkdj tku nsus dk iz;kl fd;kA Nih

[kcjksa esa uk rks pSuy dk uke Fkk vkSj uk gh ml ,adj dk ftlus

tgj [kk;kA Hkyk gks lks'ky ehfM;k dk ftlus pSuy o ,adj nksuksa

ds uke rLohjsa izeq[krk ls Nki ehfM;k txr dks bl ?kVuk dh

tkudkjh nsus dk QtZ iwjk fd;k FkkA ,adj ruq 'kekZ }kjk tku nsus

dk iz;kl vke yksxksa ds fy, ,d lkekU; ?kVuk gks ldrh gS ysfdu

ehfM;k txr ds fy, ;g ,d cM+h ?kVuk ekuh tk,xhA pw¡fd ;g

?kVuk bafM;k Vhoh ds drkZ/krkZ ds pSuy ls tqM+h gS blfy, nc

x;hA ;fn vkRegR;k dk iz;kl djus okyh efgyk fdlh vU; is'ks

ls tqM+h gksrh rks pSuy okyksa us mldk] mlds ifjokj dk vkSj lkFk

gh dk;kZy; okyksa dk thuk gjke dj fn;k gksrkA

loky ;g gS fd ehfM;k esa ,sls gkykr D;ksa iSnk gksrs tk

jgs gSa fd bl is'ks ls tqM+s yksxksa dks tku nsus dh ukScr rd vk x;h

gSA njvly i=kdkfjrk dh nqfu;k ckgj ls ftruh [kwclwjr] HkO;

vkSj XySejl fn[krh gS vUnj ls mruh gh cnjax gSA [kklrkSj ls

Vhoh i=kdkjksa dh rks csgn cqjh gkyr gSA yxHkx nks n'kd dh

i=kdkfjrk ds dSfj;j esa esjh tkudkjh esa dbZ ,sls ekeys vk, gSaA

,d U;wt pSuy gS ftldk dk;kZy; dqN ekg igys gh uks,Mk fQYe

flVh ls f'k¶V gksdj xzsVj uks,Mk pyk x;k gSA pSuy ds vkyh'kku

vkSj HkO; dk;kZy; ds vUnj D;k&D;k gksrk gS blds fdLls vDlj

ckgj vkrs jgrs gSaA efgyk i=kdkjksa ds 'kks"k.k ds vf/kdka'k fdLls

blh pSuy ls tqM+s gSaA

dqN o"kZ igys ,d lTtu bl pSuy esa ,adj FksA

vktdy os jkr ds ukS cts ds vkl&ikl fdlh nwljs pSuy ij

Hkk"k.k nsrs gq, ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA bl ,adj us dbZ efgyk i=kdkjksa

dks Vgyk;k ?kqek;kA ,d ckj rks iqfyl us uks,Mk fQYe flVh esa gh

mudh dkj esa ,d efgyk i=kdkj ds lkFk mUgsa jaxs gkFkksa idM+k FkkA

ekeyk pSuy ls tqM+k gksus ds dkj.k jQk&nQk gks x;k FkkA blh

pSuy esa ,d vU; lTtu ,DthD;qfVo izksMîwlj FksA bUgksaus

i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa dSfj;j cukus vkbZ dbZ bUVuZ ij viuh

enkZuxh dk Hkjiwj izn'kZu fd;kA ysfdu ,d bUVuZ ncax fudyhA

mlus ncaxbZ ds lkFk izksMîwlj egksn; dk xyk idM+ fy;k vkSj

'kknh djus ij etcwj dj fn;kA igys ls 'kknh'kqnk izksMîwlj

egksn; dh ,d ugha pyh vkSj viuh mez ls rdjhcu 18 lky

NksVh yM+dh dks viuh iRuh cukuk iM+kA

dbZ U;wt pSuyksa esa crkSj jktuhfrd lEiknd dke dj

pqds ,d ,sls i=kdkj dks eSa tkurk gwa ftudh iRuh Hkh blh is'ks esa

gSaA iRuh rstrjkZj gS vkSj mls i=kdkfjrk esa cxSj dkcfy;r ds vkxs

c<+us ds lkjs xqj irk gSaA vkt pSuyksa esa bl eksgrjek dh fxurh Hkh

cM+s i=kdkjksa esa gksrh gSA bldk irk mlds ifr dks Hkh gS ysfdu os

pqi gSaA gfj;k.kk esa izeq[krk ls ns[ks tkus okys ,d {ks=kh; pSuy dh

,d ,adj fiz;k flag us dqN o"kZ igys vkRegR;k dj yh FkhA ;g

?kVuk flrEcj 2007 dh gSA fcgkj dh jguh okyh fiz;k us

vkRegR;k djus ls igys ,d i=k esa blds fy, vius lhfu;j

ckWlst dks ftEesnkj crk;k FkkA fiz;k us vius lqlkbZM uksV esa fy[kk

Fkk fd bu nksuksa ds 'kks"k.k ls ijs'kku gksdj tku nsus ij etcwj gksuk

iM+ jgk gSA ekeys dh tkap pyh ysfdu ehfM;k ls tqM+k gksus ds

dkj.k vUrr% ekeyk jQk&nQk gks x;kA

i=kdkfjrk esa efgykvksa dk 'kks"k.k dksbZ ubZ ckr ugha gSA

dbZ efgyk i=kdkj Hkh iq#"k dk 'kks"k.k djus ls ckt ugha vkrhaA

rdjhcu rhl o"kZ igys nwjn'kZu ,dykSrk pSuy gqvk djrk FkkA

mu fnuksa nwjn'kZu esa efgyk i=kdkjksa dh la[;k vPNh [kklh FkhA

,d efgyk fjikVZj Fkh tks dke/kke dqN ugha djrh ysfdu osru

iwjk mBkrh FkhA ,d fnu mlds ckWl us ml efgyk fjiksVZj ls dgk

fd ,sls dc rd pysxkA vki vkfQl vkrh ugha gks vkSj lSyjh iwjh

64


mBkrh gksA ml efgyk fjiksVZj us vf/kdkjh ls dgk fd vkidks irk

gS fd dqN yksx cqf)cy ls ukSdjh ikrs gSa rks dqN ckgqcy lsA eSaus --

-----ls ukSdjh ikbZ gSA eSa rqEgkjs ckWl dks vHkh rqEgkjh f'kdk;r dj

nwa rks 'kk;n rqe bl dqlhZ ij dy ls fn[kksxs ughaA ;g lqu

vf/kdkjh lUu jg x;kA

efgykvksa ds 'kks"k.k dh ckr [kq'koUr flag dh ppkZ ds

cxSj v/kwjh jg tk,xhA [kq'koUr flag dk uke i=kdkfjrk txr esa

csgn lEeku ds lkFk fy;k tkrk gSA ysfdu [kq'koUr flag us mu

efgykvksa dks lnSo dkeqd utj ls ns[kkA ;g eSa ugha dg jgk cfYd

mUgksaus ;g ckr viuh iqLrd esa [kqn Lohdkjh gSA xr o"kZ izdkf'kr

[kq'koUrukek% n ySlal vkWQ ekbZ ykbQ uked iqLrd esa mUgksaus

fy[kk gS fd eSa ges'kk v¸;k'k O;fä jgkA 4 o"kZ dh mez ls 97 o"kZ

rd v¸;k'kh ges'kk esjs fnekx esa jghA eSaus dHkh Hkkjrh; fl)kUrksa

esa fo'okl ugha fd;k fd eSa efgykvksa dks viuh eka] cgu ;k csVh

ds #i esa lEeku nwaA mudh tks Hkh mez gks] esjs fy;s os ;kfu efgyk,a

flQZ okluk dh oLrq Fkh vkSj jgsaxhA viuh ,d vU; iqLrd

lu&lSV Dyc esa rks mUgksaus ;gka rd fy[kk gS fd tc os yksnh xkMsZu

esa Vgyrs Fks rks ogka fLFkr bekjr dh xqEcn mUgsa efgykvksa ds Lru

dh ;kn fnykrh FkhA

uhjk jkfM;k ds mYys[k fd fcuk i=kdkfjrk txr esa QSys

xa/k dh ckr iwjh ugha gks ldrhA uhjk jkfM;k dk vlyh uke uhjk

'kekZ gSA dsU;k esa tUeh o yUnu esa iyh c<+h uhjk dh 'kknh xqtjkrh

QkbusUlj tud jkfM;k ls gqbZ FkhA mlds ckn gh os uhjk jkfM+;k

cu x;haA ifr ls vucu gksus ds ckn os Hkkjr vkbZ vkSj lcls igys

mudh nksLrh gfj;k.kk fnoaxr eq[;ea=kh jko fojsUnz flag ds iksrs

/khjt flag ls gqbZA ;gha ls ns'k ds jktuhfrd xfy;kjs esa mudk

izos'k 'kq: gqvkA jktx ljdkj esa ukxj foekuu ea=kh jgs vuUr

dqekj dh os pgsrh FkhaA bruh pgsrh fd yads'k if=kdk us muds ckjs

esa iwjk fo'ks"kkad gh fudky fn;k FkkA eaf=k;ksa] m|ksxifr;ksa]

vQlj'kkgksa] Vhoh pSuyksaa] vkfFkZd o vaxzsth v[kckjksa ds lEikndksa

ls uhjk jkfM;k ds izxk<+ lEcU/k cusA brus izxk<+ fd uhjk jkfM+;k

;g r; djus yxh fd ;wih, 2 esa fdls ea=kh cukuk gS fdls ughaA

ns'k ftl ehfM;k ls lPpkbZ] lkgl vkSj la?k"kZ dh mEehn

djrk gS ml ehfM;k dh vfr egRokdka{kh lEikndksa o pan efgyk

i=kdkjksa us ,slh dh rSlh djds j[k nhA bl is'ks esa ,sls&,sls yksx vk

x;s gSa ftuds fy, uSfrdrk] bZekunkjh vkSj esgur dk dksbZ eksy

ugha gSA dksbZ dke ugha lw> jgk rks i=kdkj cu tkvksA vkt nwf/k;k

ls ysdj izkiVhZ Mhyj vkSj iuokM+h ls ysdj fpVQUM dEiuh dh

vkM+ esa yksxksa dks ywVus okys yksx fdlh u fdlh lekpkj i=k]

if=kdk o pSuy ds ekfyd cus cSBs gSaA budk ,dek=k mís';

ehfM;k ds ek/;e ls vius xyr dk;ksaZ dk cpko djuk vkSj

CySdesfyax dj iSls dekuk gSA muds bl dk;Z esa efgyk i=kdkj o

nyky dkQh mi;ksxh lkfcr gks jgh gSaA 'kk;n ;gh otg gS fd

i=kdkfjrk esa thHk vkSj tka?k dk bLrseky c<+rk tk jgk gSA

lkHkkj&7 tqykbZ 2014 dks HkM+kl4ehfM;k esa lanhi Bkdqj dk

vkys[k dqN 'kCnksa dks gVkdjA

ehfM;k esa efgykvksa ds ;kSu 'kks"k.k ds fy, flQZ vkSj

flQZ iq#"koknh lekt ds izHkqRo dks ftEesokj ugha Bgjk;k tk

ldrkA lanhi Bkdqj ds vkys[k dks ns[ksa rks ;ksX;rk ugha j[kus okyh

efgyk,a tkfr o tqxkM+ ra=k dk Hkh iz;ksx dj LFkku ik ysrh gSaA gka]

mu efgykvksa dks uqdlku gksrk gS ftuds ikl ;ksX;rk rks gksrh gS

ysfdu tkfr o tqxkM+ dk dkMZ ugha gksrkA

ehfM;k ds efgyk isze dk ,d vkSj cM+k [kqyklk lks'ky

ehfM;k ij gqvkA U;wt 24 pSuy ds vykok dbZ ehfM;k gkml ls

tqM+s ofj"B i=kdkj vrqy vxzoky dk ,d efgyk i=kdkj ds lkFk

ds laca/k lkeus vk;sA U;wt 24 pSuy ls ,d xqeuke vkbZMh ls xzqi

esy Hkstus ds vkjksi esa mudh ukSdjh xbZ rks HkkLdj U;wt ls ,d

yM+dh ls ;kSu nqO;Zogkj dks ysdj fudkys x,A bu fnuksa bZVhoh esa

Fks] tgka ls mUgsa blfy, bLrhQk nsuk iM+k D;ksafd mudk ,d lsDl

Vsi ;wVîwc ij ok;jy gks x;k gSA HkM+kl4ehfM;k us iwjh dgkuh] 7

ekpZ 2015 dks izdkf'kr fd;k gSA

okf'kaxVu ds baVjus'kuy oheUl ehfM;k QkmaMs'ku vkSj

yanu ds baVjus'kuy U;wt ls¶Vh baLVhVîwV us 822 efgyk

ehfM;kdfeZ;ksa dk lk{kkRdkj fd;k vkSj fu"d"kZ fudkyk fd

ehfM;k laLFkkvksa esa dke djus okyh efgykvksa ds f[kykQ fgalk ij

igys oSf'od losZ{k.k esa yxHkx nks&frgkbZ efgyk i=kdkjksa dks dk;Z

ds nkSjku mRihM+u ;k /kedh dk vuqHko lguk iM+rk gSA blesa ik;k

x;k fd efgyk ehfM;kdfeZ;ksa dks /kedh vkSj mRihM+u dh T;knkrj

?kVuk,a dk;ZLFky ij gksrh gSa vkSj ;s dke iq#"k ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa]

fujh{kdksa vkSj lgdfeZ;ksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA

?kVukvksa vkSj gkykr ls vanktk yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd

ehfM;k gkÅl esa efgykvksa dks ysdj gkykr D;k gS\ ehfM;k esa

efgykvksa ds fl;klh xBtksM+ dh dgkuh Hkh de ugh gSA fnfXot;

flag dh dgkuh rktk gSA ,sls dbZ dgkfu;ka lkeus vkrs jgs gSaA xkSj

foe'kZehfM;k

65

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

djus okyh ckr ;g gS fd ;g ehfM;k tks nwljksa dh rjQ vaxqyh

fn[kkrh gS] mldk pkj vaxqyh mldh rjQ gh gksrk gSA ,sls esa

ehfM;k dh Hkh uhfr 'kkL=k gksuh pkfg,A ysfdu O;ogkj esa ckgj rks

uhfr 'kkL=k fn[krk gSA ysfdu tc viuh ckjh vkrh gS rc ml ij

ijnk Mkyus dh Hkjiwj dksf'k'ksa gksrh gaSA eryc lkQ gS fd nwljksa

dks psgjk fn[kkus dk dke djus okyh ehfM;k dHkh&dHkkj viuk

psgjk Hkh ns[k fy;k djs rks 'kk;n ehfM;k esa efgyk,a dh fLFkfr esa

lq/kkj gks ldsA

fpark dh ckr ;g gS fd ehfM;k esa efgykvksa ds izfr

xyr vo/kkj.kk dk;e gksrh tk jgh gSA bl vo/kkj.kk dk gh

ifj.kke gS fd T;knkrj i=kdkj ehfM;k esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh

ns[kuk pkgrs gSaA ysfdu ifjokj ds efgyk lnL; dks ehfM;k esa

nkf[kyk ugha pkgrsA ;g bl ckr dks js[kkafdr djrk gS fd ehfM;k

esa efgykvksa dh fLFkfr dSlh gS\ gkykafd LokfeRo vkSj izHkko'kkyh

inksa ij efgykvksa ds ckjs esa ,slh ckrsa ugh ykxw gksrhA tkfgj gS

ehfM;k esa efgyk Hkkxhnkjh c<+s rHkh iq#"k lÙkk dks ysdj loky tks

mB jgs gSa ml ij vadq'k yx ldrk gSA ys[kd bySDVªkWfud ehfM;k

ls tqM+s gSaA& 303] fnxEcj Iysl] yksfg;kuxj]

dadM+ckx] iVuk& 800020] fcgkjA

eks&09934293148

dVkSrh vkSj fQtwy[kphZv'kksd oktis;h

ge ftu dbZ varfoZjks/kksa esa ;k muds lkFk thrs gSa] muesa ls ,d ;g gS fd ,d vksj rks ge viuh Hkk"kk&laink

ds cgqr de fgLls dk mi;ksx djrs gSa] ij nwljh vksj vDlj lkoZtfud vk;kstuksa esa t#jr ls T;knk 'kCnksa dk

cgqr mnkjrk ls bLrseky djrs gSaA igys ls yxrk gS fd gekjs ikl 'kCn de gks jgs gSa vkSj de 'kCnksa ls gekjk dke

c[kwch py tkrk gSA nwljs ls yxrk gS fd ge Lokxr] iz'kalk] vkHkkj vkfn esa t#jr ls dgha T;knk 'kCnksa dk O;FkZ

iz;ksx djus esa jÙkh Hkj ladksp ugha djrs% la{ksi ds ctk; okXLQhfr] lVhdrk ds ctk; vfr'k;ksfDr izxV gksrh

gSA igys ls yxrk gS fd 'kCn&ladksp njvly gekjh ekuoh;rk dk gh ladksp gSA nwljk crkrk gS fd geesa

ckjhdh] la;e vkSj le> dk vHkko c<+ jgk gSA ;g lc lw>k tc gky gh esa ,d fo|kihB ds ,d vyadj.k

lekjksg esa tkus dk lq;ksx gqvkA vki mEehn djrs gSa fd fo|kihB esa Hkk"kk lkQ&lqFkjh gksxh] mlesa O;FkZ dh iz'kalk

ugha gksxh] lw{erk vkSj la{ksi gksxkA ysfdu fLFkfr blds Bhd foijhr FkhA gj O;fDr tks eap ij Fkk euh"kh]

fpard] tuuk;d vkfn vlR; vkSj fujk/kkj inksa esa c[kkuk tk jgk FkkA gekjs fo|k] lkfgR; laca/kh lkoZtfud vk;kstuksa esa Hkk"kk dk bruk

ykijokg] csbZeku] LQhr iz;ksx gksrk gS fd yxrk gS fd ftu laLFkkvksa dks Hkk"kk dh igjsnkjh djuk pkfg, os gh mls fod`r dj ywVikV dj

jgh gSaA lkQ&lqFkjkiu flQZ LoPNrk vfHk;ku dk ekeyk ugha gS% gesa lkQ&lqFkjs fnekx Hkh pkfg, tks lw{erk ls lksp ldsa vkSj lkQ&lqFkjh

Hkk"kk dk O;ogkj dj ldsaA fganh esa vxj oSpkfjd lkfgR; cgqr de gS rks bldk ,d cM+k dkj.k ;g gS fd gekjs 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa esa Hkk"kk

ds izfr bl dnj ykijokgh gS fd yxus yxk gS fd fganh esa vkSj lc dqN laHko gS] rh{.k&lw{e fopkj ughaA ftl Hkk"kk esa ,slk fopkj u gks

mlesa KkuksRiknu Hkh cgqr de gksxkA ;gh gkyr fganh dh gSA ;g fofp=k foMacuk gS fd ftUgsa Hkk"kk ds izfr lrdZ gksuk pkfg, ogh 'kS{kf.kd

laLFkk,a] i<+s&fy[ks yksx] ehfM;k mls yxkrkj Hkz"V vkSj nwf"kr dj jgs gSaA tgka fopkj lgt LokHkkfod] vfHkO;fDr lkQ&lqFkjh gksuh pkfg,

ogha nksuksa dh vuqifLFkfr vkSj vlaHkkouk fnuksa&fnu Hkh"k.k rsth ls c<+rh tk jgh gSA og fnu nwj ugha tc fganh esa cktkj rks gksxk] fopkj

xk;c gks tk,xk! cgqr gks pqdk vfHk;ku fganh dks c<+kus dk% vc iz;Ru gksuk pkfg, fganh dks cpkus dkA mls Kku vkSj fopkj ds fy, l{ke

ek/;e cukus dk iz;RuA mldh lPph vkykspuk&o`fÙk dks lkekU; fganh txr esa QSykus vkSj lfØ; djus dk vfHk;kuA fujs la[;k cy ds

vk/kkj ij cgqr fnuksa rd fganh dks cM+h Hkk"kk ugha ekuk tk ldrkA ftl Hkk"kk esa oSpkfjd laiUurk vkSj lw{erk] Kku dk lrr mRiknu]

vfHkO;fDr dh _tqrk u gks og cM+h Hkk"kk dSls vkSj D;ksa\ys[kd iz[;kr cqf)thoh vkSj laLd`frdehZ gSaA

bZ&esy& [email protected]

66


jrh; flusek dh 'kq#vkr 1896 esa Ýkal ds yqbl vkSj

vxLr yqfejS us Ng ewd fQYeksa dk izn'kZu 7 tqykbZ dks

cEcbZ ds okVlu gksVy esa fd;k FkkA ij ;s fQYesa viuh Hkk"kk esa

ugha Fkha vFkkZr lkekU; turk dh Hkk"kk ls nwj FkhaA Hkkjrh; flusek

dk fodklZ <qaMhjkt xksfoUn QkYds tks nknk lkgc QkYds ds uke ls

vf/kd tkus tkrs gSa mUgsa Hkkjr dh izFke Lons'k fufeZr Qhpj fQYe

jktk gfj'pUnz cukus dk Js; tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa cuus okyh igyh

Qhpj fQYe nknk lkgc QkYds us cukbZ tks Hkkjrsanq gfj'kpanz ds

ukVd ^gfj'kpanz* ij vk/kkfjr FkhA nknklkgc Qkyds us vius

yanu izokl ds nkSjku bZlk elhg ds thou ij vk/kkfjr ,d

pyfp=k ns[kkA ml fQYe dks ns[k dj nknk lkgsc Qkyds ds eu esa

ikSjkf.kd dFkkvksa ij vk/kkfjr pyfp=kksa ds fuekZ.k djus dh izcy

bPNk tkx`r gqbZA Lons'k vkdj mUgksaus jktk gfj'panz cukbZ tks fd

Hkkjr dh igyh yach fQYe Fkh vkSj 03 ebZ] 1913 esa iznf'kZr gqbZA

/ofujfgr gksus ds ckotwn Hkh ml pyfp=k us yksxksa dk Hkjiwj

euksjatu fd;k vkSj n'kZdksa us mldh [kwc iz'kalk dhA 14 ekpZ

1931 dks bl peRdkj esa ,d lEeksgu 'kkfey gks x;k vkSj og

lEeksgu Fkk /ofu dkA vc insZ ij fn[kkbZ nsus okys fp=k cksyus

yxsA 1931 esa igyh cksyrh fQYe ^vkye vkjk* ls vkt rd

lokZf/kd fQYesa fganh Hkk"kk esa gh cukbZ xbZa gSaA

fQYe esa jktk gfj'kpanz dk fdjnkj nÙkk=k; nkeksnj] iq=k

jksfgr dk fdjnkj nknk QkYds ds iq=k Hkkypanz QkYds tcfd jkuh

rkjkerh dk fdjnkj jsLVksjsaV es ckophZ ds :i es dke djus okys

O;fä vUuk lkyqads fuHkk;k FkkA ;s gS 1931 esa Hkkjr esa flusek ds

{ks=k esa L=kh dh fLFkfr] tc dksbZ L=kh flusek tSls dykRed

euksjatukRed mins'kkRed fo/kk esa vkus dks vkSj viuh dyk vkSj

izfrHkk fn[kkus dks rS;kj ugha FkhA

fQYe jktk gfj'panz dh vikj lQyrk ds ckn nknk

lkgc QkYds us o"kZ 1913 esa eksfguh HkLeklqj dk fuekZ.k fd;kA

blh fQYe ds tfj;s deyk xks[kys vkSj mudh eka nqxkZ xks[kys tSlh

vfHkusf=k;ksa dks Hkkjrh; fQYe txr dh igyh efgyk vfHkus=kh

cuus dk xkSjo izkIr gqvk FkkA blh fQYe esa igyk Mkal uacj Hkh

fQYek;k x;k FkkA deyk xks[kys ij fQYek, bl xhr dks nknk

QkYds us u`R; funsZf'kr fd;k FkkA nqxkZckbZ ikoZrh dh Hkwfedk esa

gekjs lkeus vk;ha vkSj deykckbZ eksfguh dh Hkwfedk esaA nqxkZckbZ

dk fQYeksa esa vkuk dksbZ ikfjokfjd Lohd`fr ;k muds vfHku; dh

flusekbZ L=kh dk fodkl vkSj bfrgkltSls&tSls lekt esa efgykvksa dh 'kfä dks vk¡dk x;k oSls&oSls fQYeks esa efgykvksa dh leL;k,a j[kh

tkus yxhA ^Qwy cus v¡xkjs* esa js[kk] ^va/kk dkuwu* esa gsek ekfyuh vkSj ^t[eh vkSjr* esa fMaiy

dikfM+;kA bl le; eas efgykvksa ds izfr ;kSu fgalk ds nq#i;ksx dh ?kVukvksa dh la[;k c<+us yxh FkhA

70 vkSj 80 ds n'kd ls] ukf;dkvksa dks dsoy efgykvksa ds LFkkfir :i esa ugha fn[kk;k x;k gSA

Hkk

vkoj.k dFkk-8;'kfLouh ik.Ms;

vuq"kk fjtoh

foe'kZehfM;k

67

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

bPNk u gksrs gq, ,d foo'krk FkhA vFkksZiktZu dh foo'krk FkhA

vius ifr ls vyxko dh fLFkfr esa muds ikl rhu gh fodYi Fks

igyk] fdlh ds ?kj esa dke djuk] os';ko`fr dk dke] rhljk

fQYeksa esa tkdj vfHku; djukA lkekftd n`f"V ls ;s rhuksa dke gh

leku :i ls fuanuh; FksA

;s flusek esa dke djus okyh fL=k;ksa ds izfr lekt dk

utfj;k FkkA ij nqxkZckbZ us vius vkSj viuh iq=kh ds thou;kiu

ds fy, ;s jkLrk pquk vkSj ,d ubZ Økafr dks tUe fn;kA dksbZ Hkh

Økafr fojks/kksa esa gh iuirh gS vkSj Qwyrh&Qyrh gSA

vkt flusek esa ukf;dk dh ;s fLFkfr gS fd ukf;dk cuus

dh gksM+ yxh gSA vPNs ls vPNs laHkzkar

ifjokj ls yM+fd;ka vk jgh gSa vius

vfHku; dk yksgk euokus ds fy,] dksbZ ?kj

ls fojks/k djds py iM+k fdlh us ?kj gh

NksM+ fn;k] dksbZ izf'k{k.k ysdj vk jgk] rks

dksbZ fojklr esa vfHku; ysdj vk jgkA

izfr;ksfxrk c<+ x;h gS vfHku;

ls ysdj] u`R;] 'kkjhfjd cukoV] fQVusl]

Hkk"kk] ls ysdj gj {ks=k esa vyx pkfg,]

vikj izfrHkk pkfg,A

;s gqvk ukf;dk dk fganh flusek

esa vkxeu vkSj dkj.k vkSj mlds izHkko]

blh le; o"kZ 1926 es iznf'kZr fQYe

cqycqys ifjLrku igyh fQYe Fkh ftldk

funsZ'ku efgyk us fd;k FkkA csxe Qkfrek

lqYrkuk bl fQYe dh funsZ'kd FkhaA fQYe

esa tqcSnk] lqYrkuk vkSj iqryh us eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ FkhaA

lu 1931 ds dqN le; mijkar gh Hkkjrh; lekt esa

O;kIr ukjh thou dh foMacukvksa dks ysdj dbZ fQYesa cukbZ xbZ

ftuesa ^nqfu;k uk ekusa* ¼1937½] ^vNwr dU;k* ¼1936½

^vkneh*&¼1939½] ^nsonkl*&¼1935½] ^bafnjk ,e-,-* ¼1934½ cky

;ksfxuh* ¼1936½ izeq[k :i ls lfEefyr gSaA

bl rjg dh fQYeksa esa ukjh thou ls lacaf/kr ftu

leL;kvksa dks mtkxj fd;k x;k muesa ^cky fookg*] ^vuesy

fookg*] înkZ izFkk*] ^vf'k{kk* vkfn FksA njvly ml le; ds

lekt esa ;gh leL;k,a gkoh Fkha] ns'k vktkn ugha gqvk Fkk] reke

izdkj dh lkekftd lq/kkj okyh laLFkk,a viuk dke dj jgh Fkha]

ns'k esa gj txg vkanksyu dh fLFkfr Fkh] lkekftd dqjhfr;ksa dks

m[kkM+ Qsadus dh gj txg dok;n py jgh FkhA ,sls esa bUgha

leL;kvksa dks dsafnzr dj flusek dks cukuk LokHkkfod FkkA

lkekftd ifjos'k ls tqMs fj'rksa dks efgykvksa ds fdjnkjksa

esa c[kwch mrjk tkus yxkA 1935 esa ^vkSjr*] ^gaVjokyh*] ^Mkdw dh

yM+dh*] ^fel 1933*] 1936 esa ^vNwr dU;k*] 1950 esa ^tksxu*]

^cM+h cgu*] ^NksVh HkkHkh*] ^gekjh csVh*] ê/kqckyk*] ûbZ HkkHkh*]

^lrh& ueZnk*] lekt ds #f<+oknh gksus ij Hkh dqN ukf;dkvksa us

fQYe dh dgkuh ds vuq:i fdjnkjksa ds f'kír ls fuHkkus dk lkgl

fn[kk;kA ukf;dk nsfodk jkuh us 1933 es cuh fQYe ^dekZ* eas ,slk

cksYM n`'; vfHkuhr fd;k tks ml le; ds lekt dh lksp ds

vuq:i vPNk ugha dgk tk ldrk FkkA ij ,slh fgEer ml le;

ukf;dk nsfodk jkuh us fn[kkbZ ftl ds ifj.kkeLo:i mUgsa rkjhQ

vkSj cqjkbZ nksuksa feyhA

;s rks gj {ks=k esa gksrk gS tc lekt ds fu;eksa ls vyx

dqN gksrk gS] dksbZ u;k ifjorZu ubZ Økafr] rks mldk fojks/k gksrk gh

gS] cfYd bu fojks/kksa dk dHkh var ugha gksrkA ;s fojks/k vHkh Hkh

tkjh gSa tc flusek esa L=kh dh leL;kvksa dks u, <ax ls lekt ds

lkeus yk;k tkrk gS mu igyqvksa dks le>us dh dksf'k'k dh tkrh

gS tks lc tkurs rks gSa ij mu ij dksbZ ckr ugha djuk pkgrk] mls

ppkZ dk eqík cukus esa vge dks vkSj uSfrdrk dks Bsl yxrh gSA

efgykvksa dh vn~Hkqr ftthfo"kk vkSj yxu dks izR;{k

:i ls lkdkj djus ds fy;s 1950 ds n'kd esa ds-,- vCckl] fcey

ehjk uk;j

68


jkW; vkSj xq#nÙk tSlh funsZ'kdksa us [kwc dke fd;kA bu l'kä vkSj

lkekftd ljksdkjksa esa #fp j[kus okys funsZ'kdksa us viuh fQYeksa esa

etcwr efgykvksa dks fpf=kr fd;k A egcwc [kku dh ênj bafM;k*

,slh gh dkyt;h fQYe Fkh ftlesa ,d efgyk ds la?k"kZ'khy thou

dks ckjhdh ls fn[kk;k gS fd og foijhr gkykrksa esa Hkh fgEer ugha

gkjrh vkSj reke lknxh ds lkFk vius cPpksa dh ijofj'k djrh gSA

blh le; esa vk;h Fkh ^yktoarh*] ^vjk/kuk* ftlesa efgykvksa ds

O;fDrxr] ikfjokfjd thou ds cnyrs :iksa dks fn[kk;k x;k FkkA

1964 esa fcey jk; dh dkyt;h fQYe ^canuh* vk;h]

vifj"d`r efgyk ds :i esa uwru us Hkkoiw.kZ vfHku; fd;k fQj

1960 esa vk;h csgn edcwy vkSj ,rsgkfld fQYe

êqxy&,&vkte* ftlesa vius I;kj ds fy;s vius vkidks cfynku

dj nsus okyh etcwr bPNk'kfä okyh ukf;dk dk fdjnkj e/kqckyk

us fuHkk;k vkSj blh o"kZ ^fny viuk vkSj izhr ijk;h* esa izse dh

uSlfxZd Hkkouk dks vkRelkr djrh ;qorh dh xkFkk dks fd'kksj

lkgw us cMs+ ijns ij mrkjkA 1962 esa cuh fQYe êS pqi jgwaxh* esa

fir`lÙkkRed lekt esa ukjh dh n'kk dk lVhd fp=k.k fd;k x;kA

efgykvksa dk lq/kkjoknh :i fQYeksa esa fn[kk;k tkus

yxkA 1963 esa vkbZ êq>s thus nks* ftlesa oghnk jgeku us vkSj

1981 esa ^T;ksfr* fQYe esa gsekekfyuh us efgykvksa ds l'kä

vfHku; dks thoar fd;kA

1940 ls 1960 dks flusek dk Lof.kZe ;qx ekuk tkrk gSA

1970 esa ^dVh irax* esa ijEijkxr Hkkjrh; fo/kok ds thou dh

=kklnh dks n'kkZ;k] iatkc ds gfj;kyh bykds ds vej izse ;qxy

^ghj jk¡>k* ij psru vkuan us 1970 esa fQYe cuk;h vkSj ghj dk

vej ik=k insZ ij lkal ysus yxkA blh nkSj esa csfelky ukf;dk

gsekekfyuh dks ysdj lqcks/k&eq[kthZ us ^vfHkus=kh* fQYe cukbZA

lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh rjg gh fQYeksa esa Hkh efgyk,a U;k; vkSj

lekurk tSls fo"k;ksa ij ihNs gh jgha] fcey jk; dh îfj.khrk* esa

ikjEifjd fjoktksa dh cfy p<+h] ij dekscs'k T;knkrj fQYeksa eas

ukjh dk lq/kkjoknh :i gh fn[kk;k x;kA êq>s thus nks* esa oghnk

jgeku vkSj ^T;ksfr* esa gsek ekfyuh bl :i ds l'kä mngkj.k gSaA

1960 esa efgykvksa dk yqHkkouk :i fn[kk;k x;kA fQj

vxys nkSj esa n'kZdksa dks ns[kus dks feyh lh/kh&lk/kh L=khA 1971 esa

âf"kds'k eq[kthZ ^xqìh*] 1972 esa îfjp;* vkSj ^dksf'k'k*A vxys gh

lky ;kuh 1973 ls funsZ'kd izdk'k esgjk dh fQYe ^tathj* esa ,d

uk;d dk ,axh ;ax eSu ds :i esa mn; gqvk vkSj rHkh ls fQYeksa esa

ukf;dk;sa egt ,d vkHkw"k.k dh rjg izLrqr dh tkuh yxhA mlh

le; mn; gqvk fganh flusek dh XySejl ukf;dkvksa dk ftuesa

ijohu ckch] thur veku vkSj iwue f<Yyks] in~feuh dksYgkiqjh

lcls vkxs FkhaA 1980 ds n'kd esa ckWyhoqM esa fdj.k csnh ds cqyan

O;fäRo ls izHkkfor gksdj fQYedkjksa dk /;ku efgykvksa dks iqfyl

ds :i esa n'kkZus dh rjQ x;kA mlh le; L=kh dk izHkkoh fdjnkj

fp=kiV ij utj vk;kA xqytkj us 1975 esa ^vk¡/kh* fQYe rc dh

jktuhfrd iVy ds 'kh"kZ ij igq¡ph iz/kkuea=kh bafnjk xk¡/kh ls

izHkkfor gks dj fQYe cukbZA bu lHkh fQYeksa esa efgyk ik=k vius

csgrjhu :i esa FksA

tSls&tSls lekt esa efgykvksa dh 'kfä dks vk¡dk x;k

oSls&oSls fQYeks esa efgykvksa dh leL;k,a j[kh tkus yxhA ^Qwy cus

v¡xkjsa* esa js[kk] ^va/kk dkuwu* esa gsek ekfyuh vkSj ^t[eh vkSjr* esa

fMaiy dikfM+;kA bl le; esa efgykvksa ds izfr ;kSu fgalk ds

nq#i;ksx dh ?kVukvksa dh la[;k c<+us yxh FkhaA 70 vkSj 80 ds

n'kd ls] ukf;dkvksa dks dsoy efgykvksa ds LFkkfir :i esa ugha

fn[kk;k x;k gS cfYd vc og iwjs ifjokj dh ftEesokjh vius da/kksa

ij mBk ldrh gSa] ;s efgyk,a vius dke ds ek/;e ls dbZ

lkekftd yM+kb;ka yM+rh gSA

70 ds bl nkSj es tc efgyk;sa vius vki dks [kkst jgh

Fkha rks lgh ek;us esa ml nkSj dks laLdkjh nkSj dgk tk ldrk gS tc

rd vk/kqfudhdj.k dh fo"kSyh vk¡/kh if'pe dh vksj ls Hkkjr esa

ugha igq¡ph FkhA ek¡ ds :i eas dkfeuh dkS'ky] fu:ik jkW;] nqxkZ [kksVs

[kwc ljkgh x;h] ftl rjg dk <ksaxh utfj;k vke thou eas Hkh

lekt dk gS dh ,d rjQ rks oks ukjh dks nsoh ek¡ cuk dj iwtrs gaS

vkSj nwljh rjQ vius gh ?kj es ukjh dks viekfur djrs gSa mlh

rjg ek¡ dks lcls Å¡pk fn[kk;k x;k vkSj ghjksbu dks cykRdkj dk

f'kdkj rd gksrs fn[kk;k tkrk gS ;g foMEcuk Hkh fQYekas eas gesa

ns[kus dks feyrh gS] rHkh fQYeksa dks lekt dk vkbZuk Hkh dgk

tkrk gSA

ch-vkj-pksiM+k fganh fQYeksa esa lkekftd lq/kkj vkSj

lkekftd psruk dks vk/kqfud lanHkksaZ esa O;k[;kf;r djus okys

lQyre fuekZrk funsZ'kd gq, gSaA fo/kok fookg dks lkekftd

ekU;rk fnykus ds fy, mUgksaus ^,d gh jkLrk* ¼1958½ cukbZA ;g

,d f=kdks.kkRed dgkuh gSA lquhy nÙk vkSj ehuk dqekjh ifr&iRuh

gSa tc ,d gknls esa lquhy nÙk dh e`R;q gks tkrh gS rks v'kksd dqekj

,d fe=k ds :i esa ehuk dqekjh dh ns[kHkky djus yxrs gSaA ysfdu

foe'kZehfM;k

69

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

;g fLFkfr ,d fo/kok L=kh dks cnpyu ?kksf"kr djus ds fy,

lekt esa i;kZIr FkhA ch-vkj-pksiM+k us lkgl ds lkFk fQYe esa

fo/kok L=kh dk fookg ¼v'kksd dqekj ds lkFk½ djokdj lq/kkj

dh ,d ubZ ijaijk dks LFkkfir fd;kA blds ckn lekt esa

fo/kok fL=k;k¡ ds fy, ,d u, thou dks Lohdkj djus dk

lkgl iSnk gksus yxkA ch-vkj-pksiM+k ,d fuekZrk vkSj

funsZ'kd ds :i esa ges'kk ls gh Hkkjrh; L=kh thou dh

folaxfr;ksa ds izfr laosnu'khy jgs gSa vkSj blhfy, mudh

fQYesa O;kolkf;d gksus ds lkFk leL;kewyd Hkh cu iM+h gSaA

lu 1959 esa gh vfookfgr ekr`Ro dh leL;k ls

tw>us okyh fL=k;ksa ds thou ds fc[kjko vkSj mldh ifj.kfr

dks n'kkZus okyh l'kä fQYe ^/kwy dk Qwy* ch-vkj-pksiM+k ds

gh funsZ'ku esa vkbZA vfookfgr ekr`Ro ds ifj.kkeLo:i tUe

ysuh okyh larku voS/k ?kksf"kr dh tkrh gS vkSj mldk thou

ukjdh; gks tkrk gSA ;g ,d cgqr gh laosnu'khy fo"k; gS

ftls fQYe }kjk lekt ds lEeq[k ykus dk lkgl ch-vkj-

pksiM+k us fd;k gSA ;s fQYesa lekt dks ,slh fo"ke fLFkfr;ksa ls

cpus ds fy, vkxkg djrh gSa vkSj mu fLFkfr;ksa ds i;Zolku

dks csckdh ls izLrqr dj fL=k;k¡ ds i{k esa lekt dks [kM+s gksus dk

lkgl iznku djrh gSaA ch-vkj-pksiM+k viuh ,d vkSj fQYe

^balkQ dk rjktw* ¼1959½ esa cykRdkfjr ihfM+rk dks U;k; fnykrs

gSaA cykRdkfjr L=kh ihfM+rk ds :i esa lekt ds lEeq[k vkus ls

vkt Hkh Mjrh gS bl fo"k; ij cgqr de fQYesa cuh gSa blfy, bls

,d ubZ lkgliw.kZ izLrqfr ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k x;kA fganh fQYesa

izkjEHk ls ewyr% L=kh iz/kku gh jgha gSaA fganh fQYedkjksa us Hkkjrh;

L=kh ds lHkh :iksa dks fQYeksa esa izLrqr fd;k gSA ?kjsyw L=kh]

dkedkth L=kh] fdlku L=kh] fookfgr vkSj vfookfgr L=kh vkfnA

tq>k: L=kh] la?k"kZ'khy L=kh vkSj vU;k;& vR;kpkj ls yM+us okyh

L=kh vkfn :i fganh fQYeksa esa izeq[k :i ls vkrs jgs gSaA jktdiwj

}kjk fufeZr îzsejksx* ¼1982½ esa vkfHktkR; ifjokj dh fo/kok

;qorh êuksjek* ¼in~feuh dksYgkiqjh½ dk fookg lkekU; oxZ ds

;qod ^nso/kj* ¼_f"k diwj½ ls djokdj oxZ oS"kE; dks feVkus dh

igy dh gS] dh xbZ gSA bl fQYe esa ,d vksj oxZ&la?k"kZ gS rks nwljh

vksj vkfHktkR; ifjokjksa esa izPNUu :i ls izpfyr L=kh 'kks"k.k dk

f?kukSuk :i Hkh vuko`Ùk gqvk gSA ;s fQYesa mins'kkRed vkSj

lans'kkRed fQYesa gSaA blh Js.kh esa vkj-ds- fQYEl ds cSuj rys cuh

fQYe îzsexzUFk* Hkh vkrh gS tks fd cykRdkfjr L=kh ds mRihM+u

vkSj rn~tfur ifj.kkeksa dks n'kkZrh gSA bl fQYe ds ek/;e ls ,slh

ykafNr fL=k;ksa dks lekt esa Lohdkj djus dh igy dh x;h gSA

mlh le; esa ckWyhoqM dh eq[;/kkjk esa 1980 esa ^vk'kk*]

êk¡x Hkjks ltuk*] ^FkksMh lh cscQkbZ*] ^T;ksfr cus Tokyk* cuhA

fQYedkj ch-vkj- pksiM+k us ml le; ftl fo"k; dks pquk og

csgn cksYM Fkk] fQYe Fkh ^balkQ dk rjktw* fdl rjg cykRdkj dh

f'kdkj efgyk viuh yM+kbZ vdsyh yM+rh gS bls yksxksa us igyh ckj

cM+s ijns ij ns[kk] blds ckn ^lkS fnu lkl ds* vkSj js[kk vfHkuhr

^[kwclwjr* tSlh fQYe vkbZ] 1982 esa jktdiwj us fo/kok fookg tSls

egRoiw.kZ lkekftd eqís ij îzse jksx* cukbZ 1990 rd vkrs&vkrs

lekt esa dbZ jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd ifjorZu gq;s ftldh Nk;k

fQYeksa esa Hkh lkQ fn[kkbZ nsus yxhA eqä cktkj us ns'k esa if'peh

phtksa ds fy;s njokts [kksy fn;s x;sA QyLo:i L=kh dks ,d czkaM

ds :i esa izLrqr fd;k tkus yxk A

dYiuk ykteh us 1993 eas ^#nkyh* cukbZ] ckn esa ruqtk

pUnz] jhrk dkxrh] Qjgk [kku] vuq"kk fjtoh] es?kuk xqytkj vkfn

bl fn'kk eas vkxs vkbZA

fganh fQYeksa esa efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk dks utjvankt ugha

fd;k tk ldrkA Hkkjrh; lekt ds #f<+oknh :[k ds ckotwn ftu

fQYeksa esa ukjh 'kfä dk vnHkqr ns[kus dks feyk os fQYesa Fkh]

nsonkl] ^cafnuh*] ^lkgc&choh vkSj xqyke*] ^vFkZ*] ^vadqj*]

dYiuk ykteh

70


foe'kZehfM;k

71

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

^Hkwfedk*] êaMh*] ^Li'kZ*] ^vk¡/kh*] îkdhtk*] ^mejko tku*] ^xqìh*]

^feyh*] ^thou /kkjk*] ^vkf[kj D;ksa*] êklwe*] ^tqcSnk*] êEeksa*]

îfjf.krk*] ^yTtk*] ^pd ns bafM;k* vkfn fganh fQYeksa esa efgykvksa

dh Hkwfedk;sa mYys[kuh; ekuh tkrh jgsaxhA dbZ izfrHkk'kkyh fQYe

fuekZrkvksa us vkxzgiwoZd vkSj lEekutud ;FkkFkZoknh cudj

viuh fQYeksa esa efgykvksa dks lgh vkSj etcwr i{k fpf=kr djus

dh dksf'k'k dh gS] bl 'kSyh ea lR;thr js] e`.kky lsu] egcwc [kku]

_f"kds'k eq[kthZ] egs'k Hkê] veksy ikysdj vkfn dk uke fo'okl

ds lkFk fy;k tk ldrk gSA

fganh fQYesa gj ;qx esa cnyrs ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds lkFk

Hkkjrh; lekt ds gj :i vkSj jax dks fdlh u fdlh :i esa izLrqr

djus esa lQy gqbZ gSaA vkt dk nkSj fQYeksa dk gh nkSj gSA fQYesa gh

eq[; euksjatu vkSj Kku&foKku dks lao`) djus dk dkjxj lk/ku

gSA fQYe izLrqrhdj.k dh 'kSyh esa cnyko vo'; fn[kkbZ nsrk gS

fdUrq blds dsanz esa O;fä vkSj lekt ds varlaZca/k gh jgs gSaA

fuf'pr :i ls fQYesa lekt dks ,d ubZ lksp ns ldrh gSaA

Hkkjrh; flusek 3 ebZ] 2013 dks vius lkS lky iwjs dj

pqdk gSA bu lkS lkyksa esa mlus dbZ ;k=kk,¡ dh gSa] dbZ iM+koksa dks ikj

fd;k gSA lekt esa ftrus vkanksyu] ifjorZu gq, lHkh dks fganh

flusek us vius dF; dk vk/kkj cuk;k fQj L=kh tks fd ifjokj]

jk"Vª dh /kqjh gS mldks dSls vuns[kk dj fn;k tkrkA flusek us

viuh ftEenkjh iwjh rjg fuHkkbZ gSA mlus dHkh Hkh L=kh vkSj mlds

ljksdkjksa ls viuk iYyk ugha >kM+k vfirq og L=kh ds lkFk ltx

jgdj [kM+k jgk gSA iw.kZ dgha dqN ugha gksrk] tks gS oks xfr esa gS]

izokg esa gSA fganh flusek] ukf;dkvksa ds fofHkUu i{k] leL;kvksa]

izfrHkkvksa dks ysdj viuh xfr esa vkxs c<+ jgk gS vkSj c<+sxkA ;s

izokg dgk¡ rd tk,xk dqN irk ugha] izokg dh fn'kk r; ugha] dqN

fuf'pr y{; ugha] cl tks tSlk gS] tSlk py jgk gS] tks ifjorZu

vk jgs gSa mUgsa fn[kkuk flusek dk dke gSA lekt pkgs rks lh[ks]

lksps] le>s u pkgs rks flusek dks dsoy euksjatu dk lk/ku le>sA

ij lp rks ;gh gS dh ,d funsZ'kd] ;k fdlh Hkh izdkj ds ys[kd dk

viuk ,d y{; gksrk gh gS] ,d lksp gksrh gh gS] vc mudh lksp

mudk utfj;k gekjs utfj;s ls fdruk esy [kkrk gS bl ij fuHkZj

djrk gS gekjs lkfgR; ;k flusek dks ilan fd;k tkukAysf[kdk Lora=k i=kdkj ,oa dfo gSaA

cPps [kq'k jgsa] blfy, ?kjksa esa usV&Vhoh cSuvesfjdk dh flfydkWu oSyh ds LVsuj okWYMksQZ Ldwy ds cPps tc ,iy dh ckr djrs gSa rks bldk eryc gksrk gS] vkt yap esa os lsc ysdj

vk, gSaA tc MwMy dh ckr djrs gSa rks ;g xwxy okyk ugha gksrkA cfYd ;g dYiuk'khyrk ls mdsjh xbZ

csrjrhc lh fp=kdkjh gksrh gSA blls Hkh [kkl ;g fd ;s cPps mu iSjsaV~l ds gSa] tks xwxy vkSj ekbØkslkW¶V

tSlh daifu;ksa esa vkyk ntsZ dh VsDuksykWth vkSj xStsV~l btkn djrs gSaA ,sls 80 Qhlnh ls T;knk is'ksoj

vius cPpksa dks blh Ldwy esa Mkyus dks roTtks nsrs gSaA D;ksafd ;gka 12 lky dh mez rd cPpksa dks

daI;wVj] eksckby] VScysV ls nwj j[kk tkrk gSA d{kk,a Hkh ^LekVZ* ugha gksrhaA cfYd VªsMh'kuy rjhds ls

CySd cksMZ] fQftdy ,fDVfoVh vkSj ,DlisfjesaVy yfuZax ls i<+k;k tkrk gSA tks cPps gkWLVy esa ugha

jgrs] muds fy, Hkh Ldwy iq[rk bartke djrk gS fd os Vhoh] baVjusV] daI;wVj ls nwj jgsaA cM+s ls cM+s

is'ksoj Hkh ;gh pkgrs gSaA ,d okd;k 2010 dk gSA ,iy ds LVho tkWCl ls ,d i=kdkj us iwN fy;k]

^vkids cPps rks vkbZiSM cgqr ilan djrs gksaxs\* LVho us likV lk tokc fn;k] ûghaA mUgksaus bls ;wt ugha fd;kA ?kj ij cPps VsDuksykWth dk fdruk

bLrseky djsaxs] ;g geus r; dj j[kk gSA* ,sls gh] ekbØkslkW¶V esa eSustj jgs fi,js ykWjsV us xStsV~l ds bLrseky ij cSu yxk j[kk gSA xsfeax IysVQkWeZ

IysLVs'ku esa fMtkbuj jgs djhe rkvkscSth dk dguk gS] êSa csVh dks eksVkis dk f'kdkj gksrs ugha ns[k ldrkA blfy, ge mls [ksyus ds fy, xStsV~l ds

ctk, jax] dyj cqd vkSj f[kykSus nsrs gSaA*

& ,lkspSe ds losZ ds eqrkfcd] ns'k esa 8&13 lky ds djhc 73 izfr'kr cPps baVjusV ij lfØ; gSaA

& 'kgjh bykdksa esa 13 lky rd ds 3 djksM+ cPpksa ds ikl viuk eksckby gSA tcfd 1 djksM+ cPps eksckby dks ifjokj ds lkFk bLrseky djrs gSaA

& 5&7 lky ds cPps lks'ky ehfM;k ij jkst vkSlru 3-4 ?kaVs Vhoh ns[krs gSaA

---vkSj gekjs ns'k esa gkykr myV

t ls dqN cjl igys rd ehfM;k esa v¡xqfy;ksa ij fxuh

tkus okyh efgyk,¡ FkhaA ysfdu vkt fLFkfr fHkUu gSA vkt

ehfM;k&txr dk ,slk dksbZ dksuk ugha tgk¡ efgyk,¡ vkRefo'okl

vkSj n{krk ls ekspkZ ugha laHkky jgh gksA foxr o"kksaZ esa fizaV]

bysDVªkWfud vkSj baVjusV i=kdkfjrk dh nqfu;k esa efgyk Loj

iz[kjrk ls mHkjs gSaA

bl txexkgV dk ,d vge dkj.k ;g gS fd i=kdkfjrk

ds fy, ftl okafNr laosnu'khyrk dh t#jr gksrh gS og efgykvksa

esa uSlfxZd :i ls ikbZ tkrh gSA i=kdkfjrk esa ,d fof'k"V fdLe

dh laosnu'khyrk dh vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj lekukarj :i ls

dq'kyrkiwoZd vfHkO;ä djus dh HkhA laokn vkSj laosnuk ds

lqfu;ksftr lfEeJ.k dk uke gh lqUnj i=kdkfjrk gSA efgykvksa esa

laokn ds Lrj ij Lo;a dks vfHkO;ä djus dk xq.k Hkh iq#"kksa dh

rqyuk esa vf/kd csgrj gksrk gSA ;gh otg jgh gS fd ehfM;k esa

efgykvksa dk xfjeke;h opZLo c<+k gSA

laosnuk ds Lrj ij tc rd oafprksa dh vkg] iqdkj vkSj

t#jr ,d i=kdkj dks fopfyr ugha djrh mldh ys[kuh esa

xgurk ugha vk ldrhA ysfdu egt laosnu'khy gksdj i=kdkfjrk

ugha dh tk ldrh D;ksafd blls Hkh vf/kd vge gS ml vkg ;k

iqdkj dks n`<+rkiwoZd ,d eap iznku djukA ;gk¡ ftl lq;ksX;

larqyu dh njdkj gS og Hkh fu%lansg efgykvksa esa fufgr gSA

viokn laHko gS] ysfdu eksVs rkSj ij ;g ,d lp gS ftls oSKkfud

Hkh izekf.kr dj pqds gSaA

i=kdkj dh rhljh egRoiw.kZ ;ksX;rk xgu voyksdu

{kerk vkSj iSuh n`f"V dgh tkrh gSA ;gk¡ Hkh efgykvksa dk iyM+k

Hkkjh gSA ftl ckjhdh ls og cky dh [kky fudky ldrh gS og

flQZ mlh ds cl dh ckr gSA

fiNys dqN lkyksa esa ehfM;k esa efgykvksa us ,d vkSj Hkze

dks fljs ls [kkfjt fd;k gSA ;k dgsa fd yxHkx pVdk fn;k gS] og

;g fd i=kdkj gksus ds fy, ;g drbZ t:jh ugha fd yM+dksa dh

rjg diM+s igus tk,¡A ;k cl :[kh&lw[kh yM+fd;k¡ gh i=kdkj gks

ldrh gSA vius ukjhRo dk lEeku djrs gq, vkSj 'kkyhurk dk;e

j[krs gq, Hkh l'kä i=kdkfjrk dh tk ldrh gS] ;g lp Hkh blh

nkSj dh i=kdkfjrk esa fn[kkbZ fn;k gSA

blh ls tqM+h lekt dh ,d vkSj xyrQgeh fd lt&/kt

dj ^vU;kU;* rjhdksa ls vkxs c<+h gksxhA fdUrq okLrfodrk dqN

vkSj gS vxj izfrHkk dh ped ugha gksxh rks ^xyr* lhf<+;ksa ls feyh

eafty eq¡g ds cy yk iVdrh gSA lkSUn;Z volj rks fnyk ldrk gS

exj LFkkf;Ro vkSj lQyrk ughaA dk;Z&dq'kyrk vkSj esgur ds

cy ij feyh lQyrk pkgs /khesa feys ij psgjs ls utj vkrh gS vkSj

fHkUu rjhdksa ls feyh lQyrk vkjaHk esa pedrh gS ysfdu FkksM+s gh

le; ckn psgjk Nqikus dks ck/; djrh gSA gkyk¡fd bl lp ls

badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd ehfM;k esa ;g ^lc&dqN* gksrk gSA

vPNh [kcj ;g gS fd fgUnh cgqy {ks=kksa esa vHkh bl ^¶yw* dk izdksi

mruk ugha QSyk gS ftruk egkuxjksa esaA ysfdu mlds fy, Hkh lh/ks

rkSj ij uk rks efgyk,¡ ftEesnkj dgh tk ldrh gS uk ehfM;kA

ifjfLFkfr] laLdkj vkSj ewY; cnys gSaA t:jrsa cnyh gSaA lksp vkSj

utfj, esa QdZ vk;k gSA efgyk Lora=krk vkanksyuksa us lekurk ls

vkxs ;kSu&'kqfprk ij iz'u [kM+s djus 'kq: dj fn, gSaA

egkuxjksa esa laLd`fr dks ^fod`fr* esa ifj.kr djus ds

geys fujarjrk ls tkjh gSA ml ij ls lQyrk izkfIr ds fy, bartkj

djuk vkSj lgh&xyr ds >esys esa iM+uk vk/kqfud dU;kvksa dks

ukxokj xqtjrk gSA og Hkh rc tc og vius ls derj dks rsth ls

vkxs c<+rs gq, ns[krh gSA ,sls esa vius ikl vklkuh ls miyC/k

c<+ jgk gS ncnck

vk

egkuxjksa esa laLd`fr dks ^fod`fr* esa ifj.kr djus ds geys fujarjrk ls tkjh gSA

ml ij ls lQyrk izkfIr ds fy, bartkj djuk vkSj lgh&xyr ds >esys esa iM+uk

vk/kqfud dU;kvksa dks ukxokj xqtjrk gSA og Hkh rc tc og vius ls derj dks

rsth ls vkxs c<+rs gq, ns[krh gSA

vkoj.k dFkk-9Le`fr vkfnR;

72


jkLrksa dks vktekus esa mls dksbZ cqjkbZ utj ugha vkrhA ;gk¡ bls fQj

Li"V djrs pysa fd ;g O;xzrk mUgha ^pan* dU;kvksa esa ikbZ tkrh gS

ftUgsa viuh izfrHkk] ys[kuh vkSj esgur ij fo'okl ughaA

ckotwn blds fd ehfM;k&txr esa efgykvksa dk 'kks"k.k

fofHkUu Lrjksa ij gksrk gS] esjk izcy vkxzg gS fd ,slk rc gh gS tc

efgykvksa dh blesa ekSu Lohd`fr 'kkfey gksA vU;Fkk tc rd

O;fä [kqn uk pkgs mls uk rks 'kksf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gS uk

izrkfM+rA fQj ;g tqeyk i<+rs pysa fd viokn gj txg gSa] gksrs gSa]

gksus pkfg, D;ksafd lgh&xyr dk varj gj ;qx esa Fkk vkSj jgsxkA

bl ^lgh* dks igpkuus ds fy, viokn t:jh gSA ehfM;k esa vkils

igys vkidh izfrHkk vkSj n{krk [kqn cksyrh gSA ;gk¡ Ny] Nn~e]

>wB vkSj eDdkjh vkidks ys Mwcrs gSaA eSa ekurh gw¡ fd efgykvksa ds

fy, ;g lqjf{kr {ks=k gS cl bls lEekutud Hkh cuk jgus nsa] ;g

ehfM;k dh gh ftEesnkjh gSA vkSj ;g ehfM;k D;k gS\ ge gh rks gSaA

ge ls gh rks gSaA blds ewY; cps jgsa] nqvk dhft,Aysf[kdk oscnqfu;k MkVdke dh Qhpj ,MhVj gSaA

foe'kZehfM;k

73

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

'kh?kz izdk';& y{;fu"B y[khjkeJh y[khjke vxzoky Le`fr xzaFk

laiknd% lat; f}osnh lykgdkj laiknd% csuh izlkn xqIrk

Lo- y[khjke vxzoky dks ;kn djuk lgh ek;us esa jktuhfr dh mlijaijk dks ;kn djuk gS tks vkt nqyZHk gks x;h gSA e/;izns'k vkSj NÙkhlx<+ds lkoZtfud vkSj lkekftd thou esas mudh mifLFkfr vkt Hkh yksxksa dhLe`fr;ksa esa gSA [kjfl;k uxj ikfydk ds v/;{k in ls izkjaHk mudhjktuhfrd ;k=k esa nks ckj jkT;lHkk lnL; vkSj e/;izns'k rFkk NÙkhlx<+Hkktik dk v/;{k gksus dk xkSjo Hkh tqM+kgSA

y[khjke th izFker% vkSj varr% laxBu ds dk;ZdrkZ FksA ys[ku vkSji=dkfjrk esa Hkh mudk lkFkZd gLr{ksi jgkA os o"kkZsa rd ukxiqj VkbEl vkSj;qx/keZ ds laoknnkrk jgs vkSj ckn esa Lo;a dk ,d nSfud i= ^yksdLoj*fcykliqj ls izkjaHk fd;kA e/;izns'k&NÙkhlx<+ ds lekt thou vkSjjktuhfr esa mudk ,d [kkl LFkku jgk gSA

mudh Le`fr dks thoar cukus ds fy, muds O;fDrRo vkSj d`frRo ijdsfUnzr ,d Le`fr xzaFk ds izdk'ku dk fu.kZ; êhfM;k foe'kZ* ifjokj usfy;k gSA ;g xzaFk mudh Le`fr;ksa dk ,d laxzg rks cusxk gh lkFk gh vkus okyhih<+h ds fy, iszj.kk Hkh nsrk jgsxkA

laidZ& ehfM;k foe'kZ] 428] jksfgr uxj] Qst&1] bZ&8 ,DlVsa'ku] Hkksiky 462039 ¼e-iz-½

eksckby& 09893598888] bZ&esy& [email protected]

nh flusek us le;≤ ij jk"Vªh; vkanksyu] bZ'oj Hkfä]tkr&ikr] NwvkNwr] lkEiznkf;drk] fdlku mRihM+u] ngst]efgyk mRihM+u vkfn fo"k;ksa dks xaHkhjrk ls mBk;k gSA fganh

flusek esa efgykvksa ds eqíksa dh ckr djus ls iwoZ Hkkjrh; ifjos'k esaiq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa fL=k;ksa dh fLFkfr ij utj Mkysa rks ge ikrs gSa fd2011 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj ^Hkkjr dh dqy tula[;k1]21]01]93]422 gS ftlesa 62]37]24]248 iq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa58]64]69]174 efgyk,a gSaA dsjy vkSj dsanz 'kkflr izns'k ikafMpsjhdks NksM+dj Hkkjr dk dksbZ Hkh ,slk jkT; ugha gS tgka fL=k;ksa dhla[;k iq#"kksa ds cjkcj ;k muls T;knk gksA Hkkjr dh dqy lk{kjrknj 74-0 izfr'kr gS ftlesa iq#"kksa dh lk{kjrk nj 82-14 izfr'krdh rqyuk esa efgykvksa dh lk{kjrk nj egt 65-46 izfr'kr gS

Hkkjr esa izfr 1000 iq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa 940 efgyk,a gSaA* fL=k;ksa dsLokLF;] vkfFkZd fLFkfr vkSj Lora=krk dh ckr rks cgqr ckn esavkrh gS mudks rks iSnk gksus dk vf/kdkj Hkh iq#"kksa ds leku ughagSA dU;k Hkzw.k gR;k dh leL;k vHkh Hkh cuh gqbZ gSA fL=k;ksa dksdqiks"k.k] foijhr 'kkjhfjd&ekufld fLFkfr;ksa ds ckotwn iq#"kksa dslkFk cjkcjh ds lkFk ukSdjh] etnwjh] NsM+NkM+] cykRdkj] tcjufookg] csesy fookg] rstkc geyk] fgalk vkfn ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj;krukvksa dks lguk iM+rk gSA bu leL;kvksa ds chp Hkkjrh;lekt esa efgykvksa dh n'kk lq/kkjus ds fy, le;≤ ij vusdiz;kl gq, gSaA ßftl nkSj esa yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk ij ikcanh Fkh]lkfo=khckbZ Qqys ml nkSj esa u flQZ [kqn i<+ha] cfYd nwljh yM+fd;ksads i<+us dk Hkh cankscLr fd;kA 1952 esa mUgksaus vNwr ckfydkvksads fy, ,d fo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dh] fo/kok fookg djkus] nfyr

efgykvksa dks f'kf{kr cukus ds fy, mUgksaus cgqr lkjs dk;Z fd;sAÞogha Hkkjrsanq gfj'panz us efgykvksa ds fy, o"kZ 1874 esa efgykvksadh igyh if=kdk ^ckyk cksf/kfu* dh 'kq:vkr dhA if=kdk ls izsfjrgksdj dbZ efgykvksa us ys[ku dk dk;Z 'kq# fd;kA ßL=kh f'k{kkchloha 'krkCnh ds iwokZ)Z esa fganh izns'kksa ds ukjh vkanksyu dk

loZizeq[k eqík Fkk--- xka/kh ,d vksj tgka vkSjrksa ds lkekftdjktuhfrd xfrfof/k;ksa ds leFkZd Fks] ogha mudk bl ckr esafo'okl ugha Fkk fd fL=k;ka i<+&fy[kdj ukSdjh ;k O;olk; djsa---jk"Vªh; vkanksyu esa 'kkfey reke efgyk usrkvksa ds fopkj vkSjO;ogkj xka/kh ds iqjkruiaFk dks leFkZu u nsus ds ckotwn xka/kh thds gh vf/kd fudV FksA ftlds pyrs vkSjrksa dh Hkkjh rknkn xka/khvkSj dkaxzsl ds usr`Ro okyh jk"Vªh; vkanksyu dh /kkjk ds lkFk vkdj

[kM+h gks x;hAÞ ,d rjQ jk"Vªh; vkanksyu Fks rks nwljh rjQ fganhHkk"kh {ks=k ds ukjh vkanksyuksa vkSj mldh if=kdkvksa }kjk inkZ izFkk]cky fookg] fo/kok fookg] iRuh dh e`R;q gksus ij iq#"kksa }kjkckj&ckj fookg] L=kh f'k{kk vkSj fL=k;ksa ds jktuhfrd vf/kdkj dhleL;kvksa ij vkokt mBkbZ tk jgh FkhA ;g vkokt rRdkyhu fganhflusek esa tgka&rgka lqukbZ iM+us yxh FkhaA

fganh fQYeksa esa csesy fookg] cky fookg] ngst izFkk]fL=k;ksa dk iq#"kksa }kjk mRihM+u ds fo#) izse fookg] vUrtkZrh;fookg] L=kh f'k{kk] L=kh dh O;fäxr&lkekftd vktknh vkfn dsi{k esa vkokt mBkus okyh fQYeksa dh ,d vPNh&[kklh la[;kfn[kkbZ nsrh gSA fL=k;ksa ds reke leL;kvksa dks mtkxj djus esa]

1

2

3

fganh flusek esa ukjh la?k"kZ% fp=k.k vkSj lektlekt esa vfookfgr efgyk }kjk mRiUu larku dks ^voS/k larku* dgk tkrk gSA ,slh efgyk vkSj

mlds cPps dks lekt cgqr gh ?k`.kk dh utj ls ns[krk gSA 1959 esa ch- vkj- pksiM+k ds funsZ'ku esa

cuh ^/kwy dk Qwy* fQYe blh leL;k ls xzLr ,d vfookfgr efgyk vkSj mlds cPps ds ukjdh;

thou dks lkeus ykrh gSA

fga

vkoj.k dFkk-10

vkfnR; dqekj feJ

74


fL=k;ksa dks lkgl nsus esa] tkx#d djus vkSj lekt dks jkg fn[kkusesa fganh flusek us c<+&p<+dj iz;kl fd;s gSaA bl ckr esa dksbZ 'kdugha gS fd igys dh rqyuk esa vc efgykvksa ds eqíksa dks mruhxaHkhjrk ls ugha fn[kk;k tkrk cfYd bu eqíksa dks Hkqukdj iSlkcuk;k tk jgk gSA vktdy dh fQYeksa esa ßL=kh dh okLrfodleL;kvksa dks mBkus dk iz'u rks nwj] mYVs L=kh dh dkeqd] mUeqävkSj LoPNan Nfo ijksldj leL;kvksa dks c<+k;k t:j tk jgk gSAdkWdVsy] MVhZ fiDpj] ftLe] ghjksbZu] eMZj vkSj tgj tSlh fQYesaiq#"kksa dks ,slh fL=k;ksa ds LoIu fn[kkrh gSa tks dkesPNk ls Hkjh] ;kSu

LoPNan vkSj mUeqä gSaAÞ blds ckotwn gekjs lekt esabafXy'k&foafXy'k tSlh fQYesa Hkh vkrh gS tks vkt ds nkSj esaefgykvksa dks la?k"kZ ds fy, izsfjr djrh gSaA

vkerkSj ij fganh Hkk"kh yksx fdlh dks QjkZVsnkj vaxzsthcksyrs ns[kdj ghu Hkkouk ls xzLr gks tkrs gSa vkSj vius vkidks dele>us yxrs gSaA ^bafXy'k foafXy'k* fQYe ,slh gh ,d fganh Hkk"khefgyk dh dgkuh gSA mldh csVh iSjsaV~l&Vhpj ehfVax esa mlds lkFkLdwy tkus esa 'kfeaZnxh eglwl djrh gS D;ksafd mldh eka Ldwy esayksxksa ls vaxzsth esa ckr ugha dj ikrhA vaxzsth 'kCnksa ds xyrmPpkj.k ds dkj.k ?kj ij ifr vkSj cPps mldk etkd mM+krs gSaA'kf'k ?kj ij yìw cukdj csprh gS] ysfdu bls cgqr NksVk dkele>k tkrk gSA mldk ifr ;g dgdj 'kf'k dk etkd mM+krk gSfd ;s rks iSnk gh yìw cukus ds fy, gqbZ gSA tc og viuh cgu dhcsVh dh 'kknh ds fy, U;w;kWdZ tkrh gS rks vaxzsth dk Hkwr ogka Hkhmldk ihNk ugha NksM+rkA ?kj&ifjokj ds ckn fj'rsnkjksa ds lkeus Hkh'kfeaZnxh mBkus dh fLFkfr vkus ij og ogka vaxzsth lh[kus dkQSlyk djrh gSA U;w;kWdZ esa tc 'kf'k vdsyh bafXy'k Dyklesa tkrh gS vkSj FkksM+h&cgqr bl Hkk"kk ls ifjfpr gksrh gS rksmlesa vkRefo'okl vkus yxrk gSA og [kqn ls I;kj djusyxrh gS vkSj mldh ,d ubZ ;k=kk 'kq: gksrh gSA fQYe esacrk;k x;k gS fd efgyk,a vxj Bku ysa rks viuh detksfj;ksaij rkus dlus okys lekt dks viuh ;ksX;rk ls lksp cnyusij etcwj dj ldrh gSaA

blh rjg Dohu fQYe esa uk;d }kjk [kqn dksukf;dk ^jkuh* ls gkbZ LVsVl dk le>dj Bqdjk nsus ds cknHkh jkuh dk gkj ugha ekuuk vkSj vius gkSlys dh ia[kksa lsÅapkbZ Nwus dh dgkuh fn[kkbZ x;h gSA jkuh dks mldk gksusokyk ifr fot; 'kknh ds nks fnu igys crkrk gS fd LVsVl esa

lekurk u gksus ds dkj.k og ;g 'kknh ugha dj ldrkA yanu lsykSVus ds ckn mls jkuh fiNM+h gqbZ yxrh gSA rc jkuh ftlus dHkhlM+d Hkh vdsys ikj ugha dh Fkh] guhewu ij vdsys tkus dk QSlykdjrh gSA og vdsyh isfjl ds fy, fudy iM+rh gS vkSj ogka ls,ElVZMeA ;wa rks Hkkjr esa yM+fd;ksa dks vfr&lqjf{kr ekgkSy esa j[kktkrk gS] yM+fd;ka tgka Hkh tkrh gSa muds lkFk mudk HkkbZ ;k dksbZu dksbZ lxk Hkh lkFk esa tkrk gS] ysfdu ^Dohu* fQYe esa jkuh dstfj;s fn[kk;k x;k gS fd tc og vdsys lQj djrh gS] gksVy esa:drh gS] pksj ls fHkM+rh gS] rks mlesa vkRefo'okl tkxrk gSA fQYeesa jkuh ds eaxsrj dk igys [kqn dks gkbZ LVsVl dk le>uk ckn esaân; ifjorZu gks tkuk iq#"k iz/kku lekt ds >wBs naHk dks n'kkZrkgSA eaxsrj }kjk Bqdjk fn;s tkus ds ckn Hkh jkuh }kjk Mjh&lgehvkSj nq[kh jgus dh ctk; ftanxh dks vius ne ij] vius <ax lsthuk] fL=k;ksa esa lkgl vkSj tq>k:iu ds egRo dks n'kkZrk gSA

lekt esa vfookfgr efgyk }kjk mRiUu larku dks^voS/k larku* dgk tkrk gSA ,slh efgyk vkSj mlds cPps dkslekt cgqr gh ?k`.kk dh utj ls ns[krk gSA 1959 esa ch-vkj-pksiM+kds funsZ'ku esa cuh ^/kwy dk Qwy* fQYe blh leL;k ls xzLr ,dvfookfgr efgyk vkSj mlds cPps ds ukjdh; thou dks lkeusykrh gSA fQYedkj us bl laosnu'khy eqís dks vkSj ihfM+r efgyk dsla?k"kZ dks fQYe ds ek/;e ls lekt ds lkeus ykus dk lkgl fd;kgSA fQYe esa vius ,d lgikBh ls /kks[kk [kkdj ^rksgQs* esa xHkZ esa,d cPps dks ysdj nj&nj dh Bksdj [kkus dks foo'k efgyk dhdgkuh fn[kkbZ xbZ gS fd fdl rjg vfookfgr efgyk tc cPps dkstUe nsrh gS rks og lekt dk lkeuk ugha dj ikrhA izseh ls /kks[kk[kkbZ ehuk uke dh efgyk vius uotkr cPps dks taxy esa NksM+

4

vieku vkSj frjLdkj dks Bsaxk fn[kkrh

^bafXy'k&foafXy'k*] ^Dohu*&dqaokjh eka dk ûktk;t* csVs ds fy,

la?k"kZ dh xkFkk ^/kwy dk Qwy*

foe'kZehfM;k

75

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

vkrh gSA dqN nsj ckn mldh eerk mls f/kDdkjrh gS] mls viuhxyrh dk ,glkl gksrk gS vkSj og cPps dks okil ysus taxy esa mltxg tkrh gS tgka mls og NksM+ vkbZ Fkh ysfdu og mls okil ughaik ikrh D;ksafd cPps dks m/kj ls xqtj jgk vCnqy uke dk ,dbalku ik tkrk gSA og mldk ikyu&iks"k.k djrk gSA cPpk tccM+k gksrk gS rks Ldwy esa nkf[kys ds le; ls gh mls rjg&rjg dhleL;kvksa ls xqtjuk iM+rk gSA

fizafliy cPps dk uke iwNrk gS rks vCnqy dgrk gS fd&jks'ku vyh ;k jks'kuyky dksbZ Hkh uke fy[k yhft,A fQYe esafn[kk;k x;k gS fd lekt esa ^dqavkjh eka* dk nnZ mlds cPps dks Hkh>syuk iM+rk gSA cPpk tc Dykl esa tkrk gS rks mlds lgikBhvkil esa ckr djrs gSa& ßlquk rqeus jks'ku ds eka&cki dk irk ugha]vjs eka&cki D;k] jks'ku ds tkr&ikr rd dk irk ugha] muesa ls ,dNk=k rst vkokt esa iwNrk gS rks D;k jks'ku gjkeh gS\Þ ml cPps dksDykl ds vf/kdrj Nk=k vius cxy esa cSBus ugha nsrsA igpku dsladV ls xzLr cPpk tc fdlh ds cxy esa cSBus tkrk gS rks mls ;glquus dks feyrk& ;gka ugha fe;ka jks'ku vyh] ;gka ugha egk'k;jks'kuyky th] uks uks feLVj jks'ku! bl izdkj iwjk Dykl ml ijgalrk gSA fQYe esa ,d izlax ,slk vkrk gS fd og eklwe cPpk >wBhpksjh ds bYtke esa vnkyr ds lkeus yk;k tkrk gSA ckrksa gh ckrksaesa tt ftls ugha ekywe gksrk fd og [kqn ml ûktk;t* cPps dkcki gS] cPps ds ckjs esa dgrk gS& eSa bldh csxqukgh vkSj eklwfe;rdks vPNh rjg ls tkurk gwaA bldh fQrjr esa cnek'kh vkSjvkokjxh Hkjh gqbZ gSA ;g ,d ûktk;t cPpk* gSA ftldk u dksbZcki gS u eka gSA ,sls cPpksa ls 'kjkQr dh mEehn dHkh ugha dh tkldrh!

tokc esa ehuk tt ls lokyksa Hkjs utj ls dgrh gS blcPps ls 'kjkQr dh mEehn blfy, ugha dh tk ldrh D;ksafdbldk cki cM+k ^'kjhQ* Fkk] ;s cPpk blfy, uktk;t gS fd bldheka dh ftanxh dks ¼,d iq#"k }kjk½ f[kykSuk le>dj [ksyk x;kA ;scPpk blfy, uktk;t gS D;ksafd bldh eka dh ftanxh cckZn djusokys us fdlh nwljh vkSjr ls 'kknh jpkdj viuk ?kj vkckn djfy;kA ;ksj vkWuj eSa ml 'kjhQ vkneh dks] bl uktk;t cPps dscki dks vPNh rjg igpku jgh gwaA eq>s ;dhu gS vki bl uktk;tcPps dh eka dks vPNh rjg igpku jgs gksaxsA tt ls dgh xbZ ehukdh ;g ckr gekjs lekt ds reke mu ^bTtrnkj* yksxksa dh vksjb'kkjk djrh gS tks vkSjrksa dh ftanxh cckZn djds cPps lesr mlsvdsyk NksM+ nsrs gSaA ßblh rjg ^D;k dguk* L=kh&'kks"k.k ds fo#)lekt dk fojks/k djrh yM+dh dh dgkuh gS] tks fcu&C;kgh ekWa

curh gS] ij vius xqukg esa iq#"k dks cjkcjh dk lk>snkj eku mls

Hkh ltk nsus dh ckr djrh gSAÞ

ßlekt esa vkerkSj ij ge ns[krs gSa fd ,slh yM+fd;ka tks'kknh ls igys eka cu tkrh gSa og Lo;a ;k mlds ?kj okys mldkpqids ls xHkZikr dj ekeys dks jQk&nQk djus dh dksf'k'k djrsgSaA blh rjg vf/kd fiNM+s lekt esa ;g Hkh laHko gS fd ,slhyM+dh lkekftd Hk; ds dkj.k Lo;a vius dks ekj Mkys ;k mlds

?kj okys mldks tku ls ekj nsaAÞ ysfdu bu nksuksa gh fQYeksa esaefgykvksa }kjk fcuk 'kknh ds xHkZ /kkj.k djus ds ckn xHkZikr djkus;k iSnk gksus ds ckn cPps dks dgha lqulku esa vukFk NksM+dj Hkkxusds fodYi dks izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k gSA /kwy dk Qwy fQYe esa ehukigys cPps dks taxy esa NksM+ rks vkrh gS ysfdu tYn gh mls viuhxyrh dk ,glkl gks tkrk gS vkSj og vius cPps dks okil ysustkrh gSA Hkys gh mls cPpk okil ugha feyrk ysfdu fQYedkj usbl fodYi dks udkj fn;k gS fd lekt ds Mj ls fcu C;kgh ekrk,a,sls cPpksa dks taxy&>kM+h ;k unh&ukyksa ds fdukjs NksM+ vk,aAßfjgkbZ fQYe dh ukf;dk ,d vupkgs laca/k ls Bgjs xHkZ dks cpkusvius izseh] ifr vkSj lkjs lekt ds lkeus MVdj [kM+h gks tkrh

gSAÞ fcu C;kgh eka ;k voS/k fj'rksa ls tUesa larkuksa ij lR;dke¼1969½] e`R;qnaM] vfLrRo] mldh iapoVh] bl rjg dh fQYesalekt dks ,slh 'keZukd vkSj nq[kn ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls cpus ds fy,vkxkg djrh gSa vkSj lekt dks ihfM+r fL=k;ksa ds i{k esa [kM+s gksus dklkgl iznku djrh gSaA

L=kh vxj vU;k;ksa dk fojks/k djuk NksM+ ns rks mlsix&ix ij ^dkaVks Hkjh jkg* ij pyuk iM+rk gSSA ysfdu ;gh L=khtc ;FkkfLFkfr dks vLohdkj dj vius <ax ls fojks/k djus dh Bkuysrh gS rks lekt dks fL=k;ksa ds izfr vius joS;s dks cnyuk gh iM+rkgSA ^nqfu;k u ekus* fQYe esa fueZyk uke dh vukFk yM+dh viusekek&ekeh ds lkFk jgrh gSA /ku ds yksHkh ekek&ekeh iSls ds ykypesa fueZyk dh 'kknh ,d cw<+s vkneh ls dj nsrs gSa tcfd 'kknh lsigys fueZyk dks tks yM+dk fn[kk;k tkrk gS og toku jgrk gSANy&diV ls gqbZ 'kknh ds ckn yksHkh ekek ml cw<+s vehj vkneh lsr;'kqnk iSlk ysrk gS] vkSj cksyrk gS] thr fy;k---gks xbZ 'kknhA'kknh ds ckn ifjokj ds lHkh yksx QksVks f[kapokrs gSa] yM+dh dkscqykus ,d NksVk cPpk vkrk gSA fueZyk dks jksrk ns[kdj oks jksus dkdkj.k iwNrk gSA fueZyk pqi jgrh gS rks og [kqn gh cksy iM+rk gS

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L=kh dh dgkuh gS ^nqfu;k u ekus*&

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ßrqEgkj nwYgk rks cM+k vehj vkneh gSA ekek dks oks brus&brus#i;k fnfg'kA vjs ge viuh vkaf[ku ns[khA lc tus feydj rw>s[kwc QalkbuA toku enZ fn[kkok x;k vkSj 'kknh cq<+ok ds lkFkHkokAÞ 'kknh ds ckn og vius cw<+s ifr ds ?kj pyh rks tkrh gSysfdu og bl vU;k; ds fy, ifr vkSj mldh pkph dks tks lcdfl[kkrh gS og iwjs lekt ds lkeus ,d felky gSA bl cw<+s O;fädh igyh iRuh ls gqbZ csVh fueZyk ls Hkh cM+h mez dh jgrh gSAlekt lsok ds dk;ksaZ dh otg ls og ?kj ls ckgj jgrh gSA tc og?kj vkrh gS rks ikrh gS fd mlds firk us viuh csVh dh mez dhyM+dh ls 'kknh dj fy;k gSA

gkykafd og bls vU;k; le>rh gS ysfdu vius firkvkSj nknh ds lkFk fueZyk ds O;ogkj dks ns[kdj og fueZyk lsloky djrh gS& lp dfg;s ftl rjg vki ?kj okyksa ls crkZo djrhgSa blls vkidks T;knk nq[k ugha gksrk\ fueZyk tokc nsrh gS& ßnq[kfdruk gh c<+s eSa cnkZ'r d#axh] exj vU;k; ugha lgu d#axhAeqlhcrksa ds igkM+ lj ij VwVs] eSa viuh riL;k ugha NksM+waxhA ;s esjhykijokgh] ;s esjk crkZo lkjh nqfu;k ij tkfgj gks vkSj tks cw<+s 'kknhdh bPNk j[krs gSa muds fny ng'kr ls FkjkZ,A cw<+s yksx fdlh cPphls 'kknh djus ls igys lksps fd fueZyk tSlh Mk;u vius ikys iM+sxhD;k] bl [kkSQ ls os /kjrh esa lek tk,a vkSj esjs bl dke ls ,d Hkhdqavkjh dU;k dk xyk dVrs&dVrs cp tk, rks eSa le>waxh fd esjhriL;k dk Qy feykA cw<+s dh yM+dh dgrh gS fd fdrus [kkSQukd'kCn] fdrus Hk;kud ij lquus esa fdrus lqanj--- exj nqfu;k ughaekusxhA fueZyk dgrh gS& nqfu;k u ekus ysfdu /ku ds insZ esa HkksyhcfPp;ksa dk xyk dkVus okyksa dks ge ltk D;ksa u nsa\Þ

fueZyk dh ;s ckrsa lekt ds ml oxZ ds eqag ij rekpk gStks cw<+s O;fä;ksa dks de mez dh yM+fd;ksa ls 'kknh dh btktr nsrkgSA bu lkjh ckrksa dks ckgj [kM+k lqu jgk fueZyk dk cw<+k ifr ^cw<+sdh vkSjr] cw<+k&cw<+k* 'kCn cqncqnkrk gqvk nwljs dejs ij pyk tkrkgSA ckn ds ?kVukØe cw<+s dk yM+dk viuh e;kZnk yka?kdj viuh^lkSrsyh eka* fueZyk ij cqjh fuxkg Mkyrk gS vkSj vius firk dslkeus gh fueZyk dks mV&iVkax ckrsa lqukrk gSA og vius firk dksHkh rkus ekjrk gSA ;gka Hkh fueZyk pqi&pki lgu ugha djrh cfYdml nq"V yM+ds dks MaMs ls ihVrh gS vkSj og Hkkx [kM+k gksrk gSAfueZyk ds la?k"kZ vkSj O;ogkj ls cw<+s dk ân; ifjorZu gks tkrk gSAog viuh mez dk [;ky u djrs gq, de mez dh fueZyk ls 'kknhdjus ds fy, mlls ekQh ekaxrk gSA

vius gh gkFkksa mlds ekFks dk flanwj iksN Mkyrk gSA ogfueZyk dks csVh dgdj iqdkjrk gSA fueZyk lekt dh nqgkbZ nsrh gS]

nqfu;k dh jhfr&fjoktksa dh ckr djrh gS rks og cM+h gh U;k;fiz;ckrsa dgrk gS vkSj nqfu;k vkSj /keZ ds vkMacjksa dks ekuus ls budkjdj nsrk gSA ^nqfu;k u ekus* fQYe iwjs lekt dks [kklrkSj ls fL=k;ksadks ;g lh[k nsrh gS fd eka&cki ;k vfHkHkkod }kjk fdlh ls Hkh'kknh djk nsus dks vka[k ewan dj Lohdkj u djsa vkSj v;ksX; ifr dksijes'oj u ekusaA vius deksaZ vkSj O;ogkj ls lekt esa izpfyrîfr ijes'oj* dks lH; balku cukus dk iz;kl djsaA ge ns[krs gSafd fQYedkjksa us le;≤ ij fganh flusek esa efgykvksa ds'kks"k.k dks eqík cuk;k gS vkSj efgyk ik=kksa }kjk vU;k; ds vkxsflj >qdkus dh ctk; la?k"kZ dk jkLrk pqurs fn[kk;k x;k gSAgkykafd efgykvksa ds eqíksa dks dqN fQYedkjksa }kjk Hkqukdj iSlkdek;k tk jgk gS fdarq fganh flusek ds ldkjkRed i{kksa dh vksj/;ku nsa rks ge ikrs gSa fd blus lekt dks viuh lksp dks cnyus dsfy, izsfjr fd;k gSA fganh fQYeksa esa fL=k;ksa dk la?k"kZ fp=k.k gekjslekt ds fy, vkbus dk dke djrk gSA fL=k;ka fganh flusek dsvkbus esa viuk vkn'kZ pqu ldrh gSa vkSj cqjh ifjfLFkfr;ka vkus ijvius vkn'kZ ds ekxZ dk vuqlj.k dj ldrh gSaA

1-

Hkkjr dh tux.kuk 2011

2-

lanHkZ lwph

fQYesa

https://hi-wikipedia-org/wiki/

https://hi-wikipedia-org/wiki/lkfo=khckbZ Qqys

3- fganh flusek% ,d ,sfrgkfld v/;;u] vadqj] panzHkw"k.k] ist ua&130] 131] 133] 134] laLdj.k 1994] jkgqy ifCyf'kax gkÅl]fnYyh&110052

4- ehfM;k foe'kZ] flag] MkW-Jhdkar] ist ua- 112] twu] 2013

5- flusek vkSj lkfgR; dk var%laca/k] felky] MkW- pUnzdkar] istua&100] laLdj.k 2014] fganh lkfgR; fudsru] 16 lkfgR; fogkj]fctukSj ¼m-iz-½

6- fganh flusek dk lekt'kkL=k] ikj[k] tojheYy] ist ua- 189]laLdj.k&2006] izdk'kd& xzaFk f'kYih

7- flusek vkSj lkfgR; dk var%laca/k] felky] MkW- pUnzdkar] istua&93] laLdj.k 2014] fganh lkfgR; fudsru] 16 lkfgR; fogkj]fctukSj ¼m-iz-½

1- bafXy'k&foafXy'k] funsZ'kd&xkSjh f'kans] o"kZ&2012

2- Dohu] funsZ'kd& fodkl cgy] o"kZ&2014

3- /kwy dk Qwy] funsZ'kd& ch- vkj- pksiM+k] o"kZ&1959

4- nqfu;k u ekus] funsZ'kd&oh-'kkarkjke] o"kZ&1937

ys[kd egkRek xka/kh varjjk"Vªh; fganh fo'ofo|ky;]

o/kkZ esa 'kks/k Nk=k gSaA

foe'kZehfM;k

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tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

Cover Story- 11Puja Mishra

ave you ever thought what life would bewithout women? I am sure the first word thatw o u l d p o p u p i n y o u r m i n d i s

'INCOMPLETE'. If we admit that women play animportant role in our society, then why do we nevercount her as equal to men? Why women have tofight for their basic rights? Why do we see themwith a different perspective? And why genderinequality, women education, child marriage, girlfeticide and human trafficking are still the burningissues in our 'civilized society'.

India with all its diversity and rich culturehas an ugly side to it. If women have beenworshiped as a goddess, they have been subjectedto 'sati' too. Still, the silent witness and theoppressed women have come a long way. Manywomen have broken the conventional barriers. Butin spite of their increasing number in every field,women still remain perhaps the world's mostunderutilized resource. Facts show when morewomen work, economy grows. An increase infemale labour force participation or a reduction inthe gap between women's and men's labour forceparticipation- results in faster economic growth.Once Swami Vivekananda said,

“There is no change of the welfare of theworld unless the condition of women is improved.It is not possible for a bird to fly on one wing. ”

After 19 century, the position and status ofwomen all over the world has improved incredibly.Today, they are playing a bigger role in economicfield as a worker, consumer, entrepreneur, manageretc. We can now see women in almost every field.They are increasingly and gradually seen marching

into domains which were previously reserved onlyfor men like police, army, driver, commandos.They are educated and successful, but still, there isa big gap that needs to be bridged.

Women empowerment is the most vital toolto strengthen the women in India. There are still somany places where women have no rights andbenefits. They are still struggling at mental,physical and social level. We need to bring thechanges at the grass root level. It is a systematicapproach which we need to develop in India.

Mass media can play a tremendous role inshaping women's role in society- to motivatewomen to achieve their potential as the primemovers of change in society. Today media is themost trusted institution of the people. Media caneffectively convey the message that needs to bedelivered.

Today's Indian media does not earnestlyaddress serious issues of exploitation and unequaltreatment of women in society, but is keen to jumpon news items that can be sensationalized. It is truethat media has highlighted, like never before,certain misdemeanours against women but not as abroader narrative but rather as isolated incidents.We never read women's problem on the front pageof the newspaper unless it is a murder or rape case.Even women's page carries reports almostexclusively on beauty, fashion tips, etc. instead ofaddressing deeper issues like education, health oreven role models.

In today's age, people have different meansof communication and to connect with the world.Media has to take responsibility of their coverage.

th

Media Should be a forerunner in women empowerment

H

Today's Indian media does not earnestly address serious issues of exploitation andunequal treatment of women in society, but is keen to jump on news items that can be

sensationalized. It is true that media has highlighted, like never before, certainmisdemeanours against women but not as a broader narrative but rather as isolated

incidents.

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It must step in to help readers, viewers and listenersto know relevant facts concerning womenempowerment. Channels need to produceprograms that talk about gender equality, women'seducation, health and their basic rights. Thereshould be a debate on the social problems that mostof the women are facing at their home. We musttalk about their equal right of income as men.Globally, women are paid less than men, datashows that women in most countries earn on anaverage only 60 to 75 per cent of men's wages.

Media needs to take an extended view ofcrime against women. It has to be moreinstrumental in conducting audits and research toknow the factors responsible for increasing crimerates against women and children includinginvestigative journalism. It will help to createawareness among civil society. When treatingthese kinds of issues, media has to be extremelyfactual and empirical.

Mass media itself portrays a stereotypeimage of women. Media creates the images androles that are seen acceptable by the society likemother is supposed to work in the kitchen andfather at office. Media must project the workingwomen in every sector as a worker not merely as

fulfilling their duties of wife/daughter. They mustme projected as producer not only consumer.

It will take a strong and patient effort to ridthe society of gender based stereotypes. Media hasendless opportunities to change the perception ofpeople. To improve content and coverage, mediashould cover the actions done by NGO's and socialgroups. We need individual stories of positive rolemodels who can create a different image of womenin society. There are hundreds of magazine relatedwith women but they are all devoted to fashion,glamour, cooking, beauty syndrome. There arevery few articles on health awareness, careeropportunities, legal aid, counseling service andfinancial management.

Mass media is not only an entertainmenttool. It has immense power to influence people in ademocratic society. It has a big responsibility ofspreading positive ideas and supportiveapproaches for women empowerment. It can createa different perception and break the stereotypemindset of the people. I have no doubt in sayingthat in this journey of women empowerment,media can play a salutary role in enabling womenachieve their rightful place in society.

mail: [email protected]

foe'kZehfM;k

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tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

dfo deys'k ugha jgsfganh ds dfo&fpard deys'k dk 27 twu] 2015 dks rM+ds fny dk nkSjk iM+us ls fnYyh esa fu/ku gks

x;kA os 78 o"kZ ds FksA muds ifjokj esa ,d fookfgr iq=kh gSaA deys'k 'kqDyk ds ikfjokfjd lw=kksa ds

eqrkfcd mudk LokLF; fiNys dqN le; ls <hyk py jgk FkkA bl lky tuojh esa os dqN le;

vLirky esa HkrhZ jgs vkSj chp&chp esa tkap djkrs jgrs FksA dqN fnuksa ls mUgsa lkal ysus esa rdyhQ

gks jgh FkhA fnYyh fLFkr olar ,uDyso fLFkr ?kj ij fny dk nkSjk iM+us ls mudk fu/ku gks x;kA

muds nsgkolku ij fp=kdkj lS;n gSnj jt+k QkmaMs'ku us 'kksd O;Dr fd;k gSA

vkikrdky esa tsy esa jgs deys'k ds rhu dfork laxzg ^tjRdk#*] ^[kqys esa vkokl* vkSj ^clko*

izdkf'kr gSaA lkrosa n'kd esa ^fnueku* ls ysdj vc rd dbZ izfrf"Br i=k&if=kdkvksa esa muds ys[k

izdkf'kr gksrs jgsA fiNys djhc ikap lky ls os ^lekl* esa yxkrkj fy[k jgs FksA jkeeuksgj yksfg;k ds fudV jgs deys'k mudh if=kdk

^tu* ds vykok lkIrkfgd îzfri{k*] ^dYiuk* vkSj ^QdZ* if=kdk ds laiknd Hkh jgsA

jt+k QkmaMs'ku us ,d c;ku esa dgk fd mudk fu/ku Hkkjr ds cqf) vkSj l`tu lalkj ds ,d ew/kZU; dk yksi gksuk gSA deys'k

fganh ds 'kh"kZLFk dfo gksus ds lkFk&lkFk vFkd iqLrd&izseh] Kku ds vuqla/kkudrkZ FksA cgqifBr ij vYiHkk"kh deys'k dk fganh ds vykok

vU; Hkk"kkvksa ds ys[kdksa] fpardksa vkSj fo}kuksa ls yack vkSj fopkjksÙkstd laokn vkSj laidZ FkkA

Cover Story- 12Mamta Ojha

had done my Graduation in Science fromMysore University but somewhere deepinside me I thought that I am a creative

person and therefore should choose a more creativefield like journalism. I appeared for the journalismentrance in Mysore University for post Graduationand was selected. Journalism was a tough activityfor me as a person because I was a very shy naturedintrovert person and we were given fieldassignments to interview eminent people for ourcollege journal' Gangotri which is named afterMysore University Manasa Gangotri. After myGraduation I did my B.ed from Mysore Universityand secured a first class, first position in thecollege. B.ed developed an interest towardsteaching.

During doing Masters in journalism we hadto do our internship and I was selected for thecompany Hindustan Machines Tools in Bangalorefor Public Relations. This period was a struggleperiod because I did not know anything of publicRelations as we were having the subject in thesecond year and I had gone for the internship afterfirst year. I had to directly report to the DirectorPublic Relations Mr. Choudappa who had thereputation of being the best in the industry. He wasa very demanding person and gave me a goodlecture about my lack of knowledge in the field. Hesuggested to me that I buy a book of Sam Blackfrom Gangarams on M.G. Road and read itcompletely before coming to the office. I studiedthe book for the whole night and could understandvery few things of what I read as I did not have aprevious idea of the concept of the subject. During

my internship I got to arrange a number of nationaland international conferences and pressconferences in all big Hotels of Bangalore. I got agood exposure of a very Glamourous life inBangalore where at times I found myself to be verysmall. My shy nature did not allow me to mingleeasily with people but the Director was very keenthat I mingle with people .I could always feel hiseyes focused on whatever I used to do at HMT. Thisinternship helped me so much that though I teach anumber of subjects today, I am known for thesubject Public Relations .Journalism definitelymakes us tough.

When I was married in Indore, it was a totalcultural change. It was migrating from a Gardencity to a city of concrete jungle. For we women it isthe home which is always our first priority and it isalways our dream to become good homemakers.After marriage me and everyone at home thoughtjournalism means press and working in presscannot blend well with the family. It neveroccurred to me that I should go into mediateaching. Moreover Indore university was a far offplace from my house and I did not know how todrive at the time. It was a established fact thatteaching was the best suited profession for womenand thus I joined a reputed school which was nearmy house. After giving my initial ten years aftermarriage to my family, I entered the field ofjournalism and started teaching to media students.In Indian families it is always expected of girls andwomen to be adjusting and to fit into the system.They were never taught to stand out but the

My dream floats into the eyes of my studentswho are going to take it further…..

I

Knowledge, Innovation and dedication are vital for Media Teachers. They need to have aperfect blend of theoretical knowledge and what is actually practised in the Media

Industry. Women especially excel in media teaching as they have a tendency to give theirbest to students and the institution just as they give their best to their home, children andfamily. Teaching is basically communication and women are excellent communicators.Though it is not easy for women to survive in the media field but with their passion and

confidence they are making their mark in the media world.

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situation for women now is changing gradually. Iwas fortunate that in my family working of womenwas allowed and in fact encouraged.

It was a matter of luck that I was given thesubjects Communication, Advertising and PublicRelations to teach to journalism students. It washere that I started exploring my full potential. Iwanted to give best to the classes and thus came outwith creative ideas in teaching. In the process ofteaching I realized the importance of knowledgewhich was becoming oxygen. I had no time tospend in the library as I had to immediately rush tomy house which would be waiting with its share ofresponsibilities. I would prepare for my classes onmy way and back to the university. I applied anactivity based participatory mode of learning in myclasses which was able to connect the students tomy subjects. They would never search for mysubjects in library but would eagerly come andexplore in class. All these subjects which I used toteach in Indore university were based on Humanpsychology and I could do a good job with mysubject because being a woman I was good atHuman Psychology. Teaching Public Relations iseasier being a woman because we manage anumber of relations in our life. We may be happy ornot happy doing it but we have to do it as it isdemanded by us. Once I learnt the basicfundamentals of communication, teachinginternational communication and corporatecommunication became easier. I realized thestrength of these subjects which I started feeling inmy own personality.

To excel in any profession a desire to givethe best to the profession has to be there. Womenhave a tendency of giving, when we want to giveour best to our home, children, students and theinstitution. A teacher can give her best to thestudents when she loves, cares for them and isattached to them. This quality is very prominent inwomen. Teaching is basically communication andwomen are good communicators.

It is not easy for women in the media fieldbecause the profession demands them to be bold,daring and having a mind of their own wheras theIndian society wants them to be submissive andrestricted. These restrictions somewhere create a

suffocation and the desire for freedom deepens.This probably is the plight of Indian media toowhen it is under so many pressures and bondagesand not free. The restrictions imposed on womendo not allow the full potential of the media to beexplored.

As a media teacher I always felt the questfor knowledge because when we stand in front ofstudents we completely drain ourselves of what wehave in us in front of students. I also try to drain outmy students of the knowledge they possess of thesubject so that even they become hungry for thesame. For refilling of the knowledge both me andmy students gulp from wherever we get it. Being inthe field of media we women teachers have toaccess all media of Radio, T.V., Newspaper anddigital media. It is the need of the hour that we haveto be active even on the social media so that we canguide our students about their advantages anddisadvantages. But being women our life isdifferent when we return home from work. Wehave to attend to the household chores. We are notin a position to access media and update ourselves.This factor again somewhere lowers theconfidence. I always thought that I can do a lot ofwonders with whatever information I possess andhence I need to increase my inputs of information.

I did my Ph.D in communication and thetopic was 'Factors affecting selectivity of filmsamong university students' of Madhya Pradesh.Doing Ph.D was also not very easy for me but I didjustice for my research and it is one thing I amproud of. I did my Ph.D with a lot of enthusiasmand passion. While doing research I was taking sixclasses daily, coming home doing household worktill 10 p.m in night and then working for Ph.D till 2a.m midnight. In my research basically I had to findthe factors but I searched for a lot of other thingsalso during this journey. I found out how twentyfive Communication models play an important rolein entertainment. I also found out the role ofmarketing mix like Public Relations, Advertising,Publicity and propaganda in film selection byyouth. The other major finding was the role ofNatyashastra of Bharat Muni in film selection. MyPh.D is also important because in my zeal toexplore the topic from all aspects. I not only used

foe'kZehfM;k

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the survey method of five hundred respondents, butalso used observation method, interview methodand case study method. The Ph.D not only carriedan overall conclusion but also a chapterwise aswell as pagewise conclusion. It was appreciated inthe Newspaper 'Patrika' and 'Nav Bharat Times' forthe novel and innovative approach.

Teaching has become so much absorbed inmy system that I intend to bring reforms in the fieldof media education as well as the overall educationsystem. Imbibing values in the younger generationand transforming them into vibrant intelligent andenlightened students is one of my goals of life. Itake these issues very seriously when I hearcomplaints from fellow teachers that the presentstudents are good for nothing and lethargic etc. Isomewhere want to cultivate a very positive andenergetic breed.

As a teacher I do a lot of homework formy classroom. I want my classrooms to be soproductive that they shape the media industry. Ithas been the other way round when we have invited

people from the industry all the time to shape ourstudents according to their need and we into mediateaching have been accused of being too idealistic.But we as media teachers want to put a bit ofidealism into the industry and learn a bit ofpracticality from them. The ideal situation is tohave a blend of both. I try to involve the studentsinto the subjects, make them love the subject. It ismy concern to make the students aware about theworking of the media, its needs. Its challenges,survival and future. I try to make them passionateabout media so that they live, eat, breathe, sleepand feel media. When I dream of reforms in themedia sector, I am aware that I cannot do it aloneand so I try to float and transfer this dream into theeyes of my students and in all those whom I see thepotential.

My Dream- Writer is Associate Professor ofSchool of Media and Communications,

Jagran Lakecity University, Bhopal

82


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t:j ioZr ds Åij ekfg"erh jktoa'k esa jäikr gqvk gSA igkM+ksa ds

Åij ls uhps vkus okys bdykSrk xqQk dk jkLrk oks le>nkj jkuh

can djok nsrh gS vkSj f<a<ksjk ihV fn;k tkrk gS fd uotkr f'k'kq

dk uke f'kok gS]tks ouokfl;ksa dh jkuh dh larku gS rkfd ioZrksa ds

Åij dHkh ;s [kcj Hkh u tk, fd dksbZ cPpk ouokfl;ksa dks feyk

gS---A tSls tsy esa iSnk gq, nsodh iq=k d`".k ;equk dh mQurh /kkjk

dks yka?krs gq, ;'kksnk dh xksn esa vk fojkts] dqN oSls gh e`R;q dks

ekr nsdj f'kok Hkh ouokfl;ksa dh jkuh dk csVk cudj ouokfl;ksa

ds chp gh iyus yxkA ouoklh jkuh dh gj {k.k ;gh dksf'k'k fd

dHkh mlds csVs dks ;g irk u yx lds fd og vly esa gS dkSu

vkSj vk;k dgka ls gSA

ckgqcyh fQYe dk ;gh NksVk&lk ekfeZd izkjaHk gSA

ouokfl;ksa ds chp f'k'kq f'kok cM+k gksrk gS ysfdu ges'kk mldk eu

mls ioZrksa dks yka?kdj mlds Åij tkus ds fy, izsfjr djrk jgrk gS

tgka ,d egku lkezkT; gS ftldk uke gS ekfg"erhA ysfdu f'kok

dh eka dh dksf'k'k ;gh fd cPps dh igkM+ksa dks yka?kdj Åij tkus

dh yyd NwVs---A og Hkxoku f'ko ds iqtkjh ds ikl tkrh gS] ioZrksa

dks yka?kdj Åij tkus dh f'kok dh dqnjrh izo`fÙk dks jksdus ds

86


fy, izkFkZuk djrh gSA ;g izkFkZuk dk n`'; Hkh vn~Hkqr gS] iqtkjh

ckck dk jksy djus okys vnkdkj us Hkwfedk ds lkFk iwjk U;k; fd;k

gS vkSj tSls gh f'kok dks irk pyrk gS fd iqtkjh ckck us unh fdukjs

ÅapkbZ ij cus f'kofyax dks unh ds ty ls 101 ckj tykfHk"ksd dk

ftEek mldh eka dks fn;k gS] f'kok ,d cM+k QSlyk ysrk gS fo'kky

f'kofyax dks vius da/kksa ij ykndj gtkjksa QhV Åij ls fxj jgs

tyizikr ds uhps j[kus dk rkfd pSchlksa ?kaVs vkBksa ;ke f'ko dk

tykfHk"ksd gksrk jgsA

fo'kky f'kofyax dks da/ks ij mBkdj jko.k dh f'koLrqfr

ds lqje; laxhr ds lkFk f'kok ;kuh fQYe ds ghjks izHkk"k ds lqxfBr

dljrh 'kjhj ds lkFk thoar tkunkj vfHku; dks dSejs ds deky

ls xtc izHkko'khyrk feyh gSA jko.kd`r f'ko rkaMo Lrks=k dks ftl

csgn 'kkunkj vankt esa bl fQYe esa laxhrc) fd;k x;k gS] dksbZ

Hkh cl ns[krk vkSj lqurk gh jg tk,---A

vkSj bl xhr ds lkFk 'kgukbZ oknu vkSj Me: dh /ofu

dk 'kkunkj y;c) iz;ksxA jkek;.k ds jko.k dh ;kn vk xbZ eq>s

fd mlus fdl rjg ls f'ko dh fodV lk/kuk dh Fkh] ,d egku

iafMr dSls jkLrk HkVddj ckn esa f'ko ds gh vkjk/; Jhjke ls

Vdjk cSBk Fkk---A

vkSj iwjk xkuk gh f'korkaMo L=kks=k ds lkFk xtc xwaFkk

gqvk ftls tehu ls ysdj vkleku rd igkM+ksa vkSj izikrksa ds chp

csgn gh [kwclwjrh ls rM+drs lqjksa ds lkFk ls bl rjg fQYek;k x;k

gS fd vfoLej.kh; u Hkwrks u Hkfo";frA

ouoklh jkuh dh reke dksf'k'kksa ds ckotwn f'kok ,d

fnu ioZrksa ds ml ikj tyizikr ds Åij fgeky; esa cls ekfg"erh

jkT; dh ljgnksa esa izos'k djus esa lQyrk gkfly dj gh ysrk gS

tgka mldh eka nsolsuk dSn jgrh gS ftldk mls nwj nwj rd irk Hkh

ugha gksrkA fuekZrk&funsZ'kd jktkekSfy us ioZrksa ij p<+kbZ ds nkSjku

Jàxkj ds i{k dks Hkh cM+h [kwclwjrh ls brus eghus vkSj jaxhu rjhds

ls fijks fn;k gS fd ns[kdj vki jksekafpr gks mBsaxsA njvly

tyizikr dh /kkj ls f'kok dks ,d fnu ,d ;qorh dk [kwclwjr

eq[kkSVk feyrk gS ftls ns[kdj og dYiuk yksd esa [kks tkrk gS fd

fuf'pr :i ls tyizikr ds ml ikj cQhZys igkM+ksa ij dksbZ gS tks

mls cqyk jgk gS] tgka igqapuk mlds thou dk edln gSA rks vius

dYiukyksd dh lqanjh dks lksprs gq, og lSdM+ksa ckj Åaps igkM+ksa ls

fxjdj Hkh Åij p<+rs tkus dk y{; ugha NksM+rk gS vkSj vkf[kj ,d

fnu Åij igqapdj gh ne ysrk gSA ;gha ls 'kq# gksrk gS ekfg"erh

jkT; ds Hkhrj py jgs jkT;kf/kdkj ds "kMîa=kh Ny vkSj

fo'okl?kkr Hkjh dgkuh ds ijr nj ijr dk [kqyklk ftlesa f'kok

dh vlyh eka ekfg"erh jkT; dh vlyh jkuh nsolsuk chrs 25

lkyksa ls cYykynso dh dSnh gSA jktegy esa ,dek=k jkT; dk

oQknkj cqtqxZ lsukifr dM+Iik gh mldk 'kqHkfpard gS tks pkgrk gS

fd lkezkT; dh vly jkuh vktkn gks tk, ysfdu nsolsuk Nqidj

vktkn gksus ls ckj ckj euk djrh gS vkSj mls tjsZ&tjsZ ls vkokt

vkrh ekywe iM+rh gS fd ,d fnu mlds ifr ckgqcyh dk csVk

mldk ckgqcyh vk,xk mls NqM+kus ds fy, tks unh dh /kkj esa

cgdj nwj tk pqdk Fkk--A dSyk'k [ksj dh vkokt esa nsolsuk ds fny

esa /k/kdrk nnZ dystk phj nsrk gS----A

vtc ;s fd fQYe ds xhr esa laLd`r ds 'kCnksa dk tedj

iz;ksx gqvk gS] dbZ txgksa ij fQYe ds ewy rsyqxw 'kCnksa dks tl dk

rl j[kk x;k gS fQj Hkh fganh esa Mc fQYe ds vlj esa dgha ls dksbZ

deh ugha fn[krh gSA tSls----ekfg"erh jkT; dk laxhre; lqjhyk

y;c) o.kZu fny&fnekx ij xgjk vlj NksM+us esa dke;kc gqvk

gSA

tVkdVkglaHkzeHkzefufyaifu>Zjh]

foyksyohfpoYyjhfojktekuewnZ~/kfuA

/kx)x)xTtoyYyykViêikods]

fd'kksj panz 'ks[kjs jfr izfr{k.ke~ eeAAA

dkSu gS oks dkSu gS oks dgka ls oks vk;k]

pkjksa fn'kkvksa esa rst lk oks Nk;kA

mldh Hkqtk,a cnys dFkk,a]

HkkxhjFkh rsjh rjQ f'koth pys ns[k tjk ;s fofp=k ek;kA

/kjk/kjsanz uafnuh

foyklca/kqc/kqjLQqjfíxUrlUrfrizeksn ekuekulsA

dìk dVk{k/kksj.khfu#)nq/kZjkifn]

Dofpfíxacjs euks fouksnesrq oLrqfuAA

ty jgh fprk] lkalksa esa gS /kqvka

fQj Hkh vkl gS eu esa txh

Hkksj gksxh D;k dHkh ;gka iwNrh ;gh gSa

;s csfM+;ka] ns[k rks dkSu gs ;s---A

ekfg"erh lkezkT;e loksZÙke vts;e]

n'kksa fn'kk,a vkBks ;ke lc bldks djrs iz.kkeA

[kq'kgkyh oSHko'kkyh le`f);ka fujkyh]

/kU; /kU; gS ;gka iztk] 'kCn dk ;s LoxZ /kkeA

ekfg"erh dh irkdk lnk >wes] xxu pwes]

v"Vnso vkSj lw;Znso feyds LoxZ flagklu fojktsA

foe'kZehfM;k

87

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

ekfg"erh jkT; dk laxhre; o.kZu vkSj fo'kkydk; lsV

dk fuekZ.k [kqn esa pSadkus okyk gSA lSdM+ksa djksM+ dh ctV okyh bl

fQYe esa ekfg"erh dh dYiuk vkSj mlds lkezkT; dk fnXn'kZu [kqn

esa gh bruk HkO; gS fd lkalkfjd vka[ksa mldh ped ls pqaf/k;k tk,

ftlds flagklu ij "kM;a=k ds cy ij vius HkkbZ vkSj vlyh jktk

ckgqcyh dk [kkRek dj vc cYykynso jkt dj jgk gSA

bl fQYe dh iwjh dgkuh esa ckgqcyh ds lkFk lcls

izHkko'kkyh fdjnkj dMIik dk gS tks ,d vksj iwoZ jktk ckgqcyh dh

25 lky ls dSn esa jg jgh iRuh nsolsuk vkSj iwoZ lezkV ckgqcyh dk

vuU; Hkä gS ysfdu tks nsolsuk ds ifjokj ds 'k=kq jktk cYykynso

ds j{kk esa mlh rjg tku fNM+drk gS tSls dkSjo oa'k dh j{kk esa

Hkh"e firkeg us thou [kik;k FkkA dMIik ds fdjnkj ij gh

ckgqcyh fQYe dk igyk ikVZ [kRe gksrk gS bl jgL; ds [kqykls ds

lkFk fd dMIik us gh vly esa lezkV ckgqcyh dh ihB esa ryokj

Hkksad dj mldh gR;k dh FkhA lLisal dk tokc vxys lky

ckgqcyh ikVZ&2 esa feysxk fd dM+Iik us vius lezkV ckgqcyh dks

D;ksa ekjkA

f'kok ;kuh lezkV ckgqcyh ds iq=k ckgqcyh f}rh; ds

lkeus [kqn dMIik gh ;s [kqyklk djrk gS rks mldh vka[ks Hkj vkrh

gSa fd ftl lezkV ds fy, mlus thou fn;k] ,d fnu mlds thou

dk var Hkh mlh ds gkFkksa gqvk--A

---ouokfl;ksa ds chp ls fudydj ckgqcyh tc

ekfg"erh esa gypy iSnk djrk gS vkSj cYykynso dks egy esa [krjs

dh ?kaVh lqukbZ nsus yxrh gS rks ;gh dMIik ckgqcyh dks ?ksjus dh

dksf'k'k Hkh djrk gSA ckgqcyh dk csVk f'kok dSn ls egkjkuh

nsolsuk dks jFk ij cSBkdj jktegy ls fudy Hkkxrk gS rks mls

jksdus ds ekspsZ ij dMIik gh ihNs yxrk gSA vkSj blh la?k"kZ ds

njE;ku ckgqcyh f}rh; dk eqdkcyk vius firk ds 'k=kq jgs ppsjs

HkkbZ cYykynso ds csVs ls gksrk gSA lezkV ckgqcyh dh /keZ ryokj

tks dM+Iik ds ikl ges'kk lqjf{kr jgrh gS] mlh ls cYyky ds csVs

dh xnZu ds /kM+ ls vyx gksus dh rLohj Hkh xtc thoar vkSj

ykseg"kZd vfHku; ls Hkjh gS fd ns[kdj jksaxVs [kM+s gks tkrs gSaA

blh ?kVuk esa dMIik dks ;g vglkl gks tkrk gS fd tks

/keZ ryokj mlds ?kksM+s fl)k ds peZisVh ls fudydj lh/ks f'kok ds

gkFk esa igqap xbZ rks ;g ?kVuk lk{kh gS fd f'kok gh ckgqcyh dk csVk

gS] ekfg"erh jkT; dk vlyh mÙkjkf/kdkjhA vkSj rc dMIik fQYe

dks ¶yS'kcSd esa ys tkrk gS fd dSls ekfg"erh jkT; ds mÙkjkf/kdkj

dk l?k"kZ ckgqcyh vkSj cYyky esa 'kq# gksrk gS vkSj dSls nksuksa HkkbZ

dkyds; dh jk{klh lsuk dk lagkjdj ekfg"erh ds lezkV vkSj

lsukifr in ij egkjkuh f'koxkeh }kjk fu;qfä fd, tkrs gSaA

fons'kh geykoj dkyds; dh jk{klh lsuk ds lkFk ;q)

dk n`'; vkSj izkphu O;wg jpuk ds le; dk fQYekadu Hkh cgqr

tkunkj gSA iqjkus le; esa ;q) gksrk dSls Fkk] mldh O;wg jpuk dk

thoar fQYekadu egkHkkjr dh ;kn fnykrk gS vkSj j.k{ks=k esa ns'k

dks cpkus ds fy, dkyds; dh lsuk ds lkFk ckgqcyh vkSj cYyky

dk Hkh"k.k laxzke y{; izkfIr ds lkeus thou dh u'ojrk dks

crkrk gqvk gYnh ?kkVh dh bu 'kfä'kkyh iafä;ksa esa izk.k Mkyrk

izrhr gksrk gS&

egkjkuh f'koxkeh dk vfHku; Hkh Nki NksM+us okyk gS

vkSj laokn Hkh fd& esjk opu gh gS 'kkluA ;q)Hkwfe esa dkyds; dh

vka[ks fudkydj mlds 'kjhj dks fx) vkSj dkSoksa dk vkgkj cuk

nsus dh f'koxkeh dh izfrdkj Hkjh yydkj ekuks gj Hkkjrh; ukjh

ds LokfHkeku dks vkokt nsrh gSA ;s ogh f'koxkeh gS tks viuh

Hkqtkvksa esa lezkV ckgqcyh ds fpjkx 10 eghus ds ckgqcyh ds csVs dks

ysdj fQYe ds izkajHk esa Hkkxrh fn[krh gS] viuk thou nsdj ns'k ds

fpjkx dks cpkrh gS D;ksafd lezkV ekj fn, tkrs gSa vkSj ,deso

mÙkjk/kdkjh ds ihNs nq'eu iM+ tkrs gSaA

oSjh ny dks yydkj fxjh] og ukfxu lh QqQdkj fxjhA

Fkk 'kksj ekSr ls cpks cpks] ryokj fxjh ryokj fxjhAA

iSny] g;ny] xtny esa] Ni Ni djrh og fudy xbZA

{k.k dgk¡ xbZ dqN irk u fQj] ns[kks pe&pe og fudy xbZAA

ygjkrh Fkh flj dkV dkV] cy[kkrh Fkh Hkw ikV ikVA

fc[kjkrh vo;o ckV ckV] rurh Fkh yksgw pkV pkVAA

{k.k Hkh"k.k gypy epk epk] jk.kk dj dh ryokj c<+hA

Fkk 'kksj jä ihus dks ;g] j.k&paMh thHk ilkj c<+hAA

88


xtc ckr ;s fd ftl

lqanjh dh dYiuk dj f'kok igkM+ksa

ds Åij p<+rk gS og [kqn esa f'kok

dh eka nsolsuk dks cYykynso dh

dSn ls vktkn djkus ds vfHk;ku

esa fudyh gksrh gSA

iwoZ lezkV ckgqcyh ds

leFkZd ckxh txyksa esa jgdj

nsolsuk dh vktknh dk vfHk;ku

thfor j[krs gSa ftlesa la;ksx ls

ckgqcyh ds csVs dh ,u oä ij

,aVªh gksrh gS vkSj og vius lkgl

vkSj 'kkS;Z ls vius dYiukyksd

dh vly lqanjh dks izHkkfor

djrk gS] cYykynso ds lSdM+ksa

lSfudksa ds ?kkrd izgkj ls lqanjh

dh j{kk djrk gS vkSj ckn esa lqanjh

dks ikus ds fy, mlds y{; dks

viuk cuk ysrk gS] nsolsuk dks

vktkn djkus ds fy, Nqidj

ekfg"erh jkT; esa izos'k djrk gS]

vkSj mls vkHkkl rd ugha gksrk gS fd og vius ekrk&firk vkSj

iqj[kksa ds jkT; dh vktknh ds fy, gh la?k"kZ dj jgk gSA

fQYe dk lans'k tks eq>s le> esa vk;k gS fd fu;fr

vius vly mÙkjkf/kdkjh vkSj usrk dks ikdj gh izlUu gksrh gSA

ftls thuk gS vkSj ftls dqN djuk gS rks og djds gh jgrk gS] ;s

uk;dRo fdlh dks fdlh dh dìk ls ugha feyrkA tks lq;ksX; gS]

lcy gS] l{ke gS vkSj ns'k ds tu&tu ls izse djus okyk gS] og gj

va/ksjs dks phdj gj fujk'kk vkSj grk'kk dks ijkftrdj ns'k dk

uk;d cudj fudyrk gS] vkxs c<+rk gS D;ksafd ftlds gkFk dh

ydhjksa esa ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk dk Hkkj fy[kk gS] mls oä dh dksbZ

ryokj feVk ugh ldrhA gj bLikrh ryokj mlh rjg nks VqdM+s gks

tkrh gS tSls fd dMIik dh ryokj ds lkeus dkcqy ds dkjksckjh

dh ryokj VqdM+s VqdMs VwVdj fc[kj tkrh gSA

fQYe ls nwljk lans'k tks feyrk gS fd ekfg"erh jkT;

vxj Hkkjr o"kZ gS rks fQj blds 'kklu dh cht&j{kk dk nkf;Ro

dMIik vkSj f'koxkeh tSls yksxksa dks laHkkyuk gksxk] vkxs c<+uk

gksxk ml ckgqcyh ds fy, ftls Hkokuh Hkxorh us dgha va/kdkj esa

HkVdrk NksM+ j[kk gS vkSj ftldk bartkj tu&x.k&eu thou Hkj

cM+h vkrqjrk ls djrk jgrk gS D;ksafd yksdra=k dh lQyrk Hkh

dqnjrh bZekunkj uk;dksa ij fuHkZj djrh gS] tks jktuhfr dks vius

ls tqM+s pan yksxksa dk dkjksckj pykus] djksM+ksa ukxfjdksa dk gd

ekjdj pan eYVhus'kuy dkWjiksjsV dks Qk;nk nsus vkSj Hkkjro"kZ dh

vly vkRek dks dqpydj ns'k esa fons'kh jkT; ds gLrd cuus dh

dksf'k'k djsaxs rks mUgsa le>uk gksxk fd yksdra=k dh egkjkuh

nsolsuk vkSj xaxk ds eSnku esa gtkjksa lky ls iy jgs mlds ckgqcyh

iq=k T;knk fnu rd dSnh eqnzk esa [kkeks'k ugha jgus okys gSaA

vkf[kjh ckrA vxj fQYe ugha ns[kh gS] t#j ns[kus

tkb,A ns[k pqds gSa rks ifjokj dks ys tkb,A ifjokj lfgr ns[k pqds

gSa rks fQj ls ns[k vkb, D;ksafd ckgqcyh fQYe us Hkkjrh; fQYe

baMLVªh esa cM+h ydhj [khap nh gSA

thou izlj 'kkS;Z /kkjk] mÙkjk fLFkj xaHkhjkA

thouk izlj 'kkS;Z /kkjk] mÙkjk fLFkj xaHkhjkAA

ys[kd fnYyh esa vktrd U;wt pSuy ls tqM+s gSa

eks- 07838944419

foe'kZehfM;k

89

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

cspkjs xjhc usrk

izlaxo'kr#.k fot;

Hkh lkekU; :i ls fdlh usrk dks cktkj esa [kjhnkjh djrs

ns[kk gS vkius\ ,slk gks gh dSls ldrk gSA mudh izfr"Bk

de gks tk,xhA fojks/kh dgsaxs&iSny gks x, gSa cspkjsA vxj dHkh

,slk gks Hkh] rks mldk n`'; dqN ,slk gksxk&usrkth vkB&nl pSuy

okys dSejksa ds izdk'k esa [kku ekdsZV ;k ekykckj fgy ;k ,aVkWi fgy

esa tk,axs] fdlh nqdku esa ?kqlsaxs] fQj glsaxs vkSj ,dk/k pkdysV ;k

diM+k ysdj dqN ,slk c;ku nsdj ?kj ykSVsaxs&nsf[k, ge lkekU;

tu gSa] xjhch vkSj cngkyh ls Hkjs ns'k esa 'kkuks&'kkSdr ls jguk

[kjkc ekurs gSaA ?kj vkdj Fkd dj pwj gq,&ls vius yksxksa ls

dgsaxs&vkidks D;k dgsa] rfud cktkj x, fd yksxksa us ?ksj fy;k]

vkWVksxzkQ ysus okyksa dh HkhM+] ckgjh cqd LVksj okys us rks dbZ ubZ

fdrkcsa HksaV dj nha] Fkd x, HkkbZ!

nqfu;k esa Hkkjr gh ,slk ns'k gksxk] tgka csbafrgk vehj

usrk] vlhfer /ku ls ;qDr ,dM+ksa esa QSys caxyksa ds vknh gks pqds

Hkjh frtksfj;ksa okys yksx xkao] xjhc] cngky] nfjnz] Hkkjr dh

rLohj cnyus dh ckrsa djrs gSaA muls lgt Hkko ls muds lkFk

mBuk& cSBuk dYiukrhrA ij os elhgk gSaA

gekjs usrkvksa dk dksbZ lkekU;tu] e/;oxhZ; O;fDr

fe=k gks gh ugha ldrkA elhZMht] ch,eMCY;w okys] xjfe;ka

vesfjdk esa fcrkus okys] pquko esa nks&ikap&nl djksM+ nsus okys]

muds ?kj] ifjtu ds [kpsZ vkSj u[kjs mBkus okys] mudh 'kku esa

dlhns i<+us okys] muds njckjh gh muds fudV ;k fe=k gksrs gSaA

ysfdu murhl&rhl lky ckn dHkh cktkj tkus ;k lk/kkj.k iy

thus dk bf'rgkj bruk caVrk gS fd rkSckA

,d ckj Hkkjrh; etnwj la?k ds laLFkkid v/;{k nÙkksiar

BsaxMh us ,d vkichrh lR; ?kVuk lqukbZA os egkjk"Vª ds ,d

LVs'ku ls fnYyh vk jgs FksA lsdsaM ,lh esa vkj{k.k FkkA rHkh ,d

cM+s usrk&jktuhfrd usrk&mlh xkM+h ls fnYyh tkus vk,A BsaxMhth

dks ns[k dj ueLdkj fd;k] iwNk fdl fMCcs esa vkidk vkj{k.k gSA

crk;k&lsdsaM ,lh esaA os vk'p;Z ls cksys] ugha] ugha BsaxMhth]

vkidks QLVZ ,lh esa pyuk pkfg,A lsdsaM ,lh ;k Lyhij esa pyuk

ehfM;k dks crkus ds fy, rks Bhd gS] ij ogka Qkyrw ds cgqr&ls

yksx fey tkrs gSa] rjg&rjg ds loky djrs gSa& rax djrs gSaA QLVZ

,lh esa vkjke ls lQj gksrk gSA BsaxMhth eqLdjk,&cksys] eSa Hkh

Qkyrw dk vkneh gwa] mUgha yksxksa ls nks feuV ckr djus dk tks lq[k

gS og QLVZ ,lh esa dgka\

,sls usrkvksa ds ikl rhu&pkj&ikap lkS djksM+ ls de iSls

dgka gksrs gSaA budh xkfM+;ka] buds R;kSgkj] buds ikfjokfjd

vk;kstu] buds nkSjs] buds ij¶;we vkSj /kkfeZd jhfr&fjoktksa ij

nkorksa ds [kpZ] fons'kksa esa buds cPpksa dh i<+kbZ vkSj ehfM;k dk

tcnLr eSustesaV&budh xjhch vkSj cspkjxh dk thrk&tkxrk lcwr

gSA

jktuhfr njvly] equkQs vkSj laink o`f) dk lkSnk gks

xbZ gSA bls ?kkVs dk lkSnk cukus okyk pkfg,A vehjh esa rSjrs gq,

lkaln cuuk] cM+s&cM+s QkeZ gkmlksa ds izHkqvksa dk vyad`r Hkk"kk esa

xjhch vkSj n;uh; Hkkjrh;ksa ij ckSf)d foykl djuk bruk

lkekU; gS fd yxrk gS] laln dh lfClMh ij] csgn de nkeksa ij

Hkh pk; nsus dh izFkk can gksuh pkfg, gh] cfYd ogka lkalnksa ds

Hkkstu ij ikap izfr'kr vf/kHkkj tksM+dj ml iSls ls cspkjs prqFkZ

Js.kh ds deZpkfj;ksa ds cPpksa ds f'k{kk QaM ;k e/;kgu Qykgkj dks

cuk nsuk pkfg,A tks nl #i;s dk Hkkstu [kkdj lkS #i;s fVi ns

nsrs gSa] mUgsa lfClMh D;ksa\

xjhc ns'k ds vehj usrkvksa ds pquko [kpZ fnekx iyVus

okys lkfcr gksrs gSaA dHkh U;w;kdZ esa jSxfidlZ ikfVZ;ka gksrh FkhaA

/kudqcsj] fQDFk ,osU;w ds jaxhu okrkoj.k esa xjhc QVsgky] dwM+k

cVksjus okyksa dh iSaV igu nkorsa djrs FksA /ku ds vry esa fopj.k

djrs&djrs tks cksfj;r gksrh gS] mls nwj djus ds fy, os xjhch dk

ycknk vks<+ rfud ^fFkzy* eglwl djrs FksA cM+k vPNk yxrk FkkA

tSls ikap flrkjk gksVy esa dSalj ejhtkssa dh enn ds fy, ,d

nkuik=k j[kk jgrk gS] tSls nkÅn bczkfge ;k gkfQt lbZn ds dejs

esa fdlh rjg dksbZ vk/;kfRed] lnkpkj okyh iafDr nhokj ij Vaxh

gks] oSls turk ls ijgst dj vius /ku&oSHko ds izfr vklfDr j[k

dj usrk turk dh lsok djrs] lgkuqHkwfr trkrs] xjhc cPpksa dks

xksnh esa mBkdj mudh cgrh ukd viuh lkM+h vkSj vaxoL=k ls

iksaNrs gq, QksVks f[kapokus okys usrk lp esa cM+s xjhc] cngky]

lgkuqHkwfr ds ik=k gksrs gSaA

vHkh ,d eq[;ea=kh us ikap djksM+ #i;s dh cl yh gS]

dgha bu usrkvksa ds fy, ipgÙkj&lkS djksM+ #i;s ds foeku fy,

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tkrs gSa] /kwi esa ri dj lkS&lkS yksx ej tkrs gSaA cqansy[kaM] rsyaxkuk]

vka/kz] fcgkj esa xjeh ls ejus okys u rks fons'kh gksrs gSa vkSj u gh

fdlh nwljs xzg ds fuoklhA os Hkkjrh; tu gksrs gSaA eqacbZ ds

QqVikFkksa ij tUe ls e`R;q rd jgus okys] psUubZ ds ejhuk {ks=k esa

>qfXx;ksa esa ukjdh; thou fcrkus okys] jsy dh iVfj;ksa ds nksuksa vksj

IykfLVd dh pknjksa ls ?kj cukdj ifjokj lfgr jgus okys] fnYyh

ds LVs'kuksa ds ckgj jksM&fMokbMj ij] vklikl ds m|kuksa] eafnjksa ds

ckgj jkr Hkj dqÙkksa] fcfYy;ksa] frypêksa ds lkFk uhan ysus okys

Hkkjrh; ukxfjd gh gksrs gSa] ftudh n'kk lq/kkjus ds fy, usrkvksa

dks yfV;Ul dh fnYyh ds os caxys njdkj gksrs gSa tgka ianzg&chl

dejksa esa nks tu jgrs gSaA turk rks D;k] lkalnksa] fo/kk;dksa ds lkFk

budk ckn'kkgr Hkjk O;ogkj nsf[k,& dHkh xfy;kjs esa fey tk,axs

rks ueLdkj rks nwj] ikao Nwus rd ds fy, {k.k Hkj rjl ugha [kk,axs&

pyrs tk,axs& os Hkkxrs gq, Qfj;kn djsaxs] rks dejs esa eqM+rs gq,

dgsaxs& Bhd gS& [kqYyj ;k jkeklkeh dks cksy nsukA tks ftruk

vgadkjh] og mruk gh /kksrh&pksVh&fryd/kkjhA

vxj vki mudh tkfr ds ugha gSa] rks fdlh dke ds ugha

gSaA HkkM+ esa tkvksA tkfr ds fojks/k esa rks oSls gh cksyuk can gks x;k

gSA nfyrksa dk ujlagkj] mu ij vR;kpkj] nfyrksa ds i`Fkd 'e'kku

?kkV] tkfr ds vk/kkj ij ih<+h&nj&ih<+h&nj&ih<+h okYehfd;ksa dk

lQkbZ deZpkjh cus jguk] mudh cfLr;ksa dk vyx gksuk] muds

lkFk Hkh lkekU;r;k vLi`';rk dk O;ogkj] dHkh Hkh] fdlh Hkh

fLFkfr esa laln esa 'kksj] dk;Z ds BIi djus ;k Rofjr lek/kku dh

ekax ds ml :i esa ugha fn[krk] ftl :i esa osru o`f) ;k 'kkgh

'kku'kkSdr vkSj ckn'kkgh vankt ds XySej okys ekeyksa esa 'kksj

mitk;k tkrk gSA

ftu {ks=kksa esa xjhc] o`)] vlgk;] lekt ds nqRdkjs gq,

yksxksa ds dsanz cus gksrs gSa] ogka dHkh fdlh cM+s usrk ;k vQlj dks

tkrs ugha ns[kk tkrk] D;ksafd ogka oksV ugha gksrs] ogka tkfr ugha

gksrhA muds ckjs esa lekpkj Nirs gSa dSls xanxh] dpjs Hkjs ekgkSy

esa] i'kqvksa dh rjg vlgk; Hkkjrh; ukxfjd j[ks tkrs gSa ;k fd Bwals

tkrs gSaA [kcj Nirh gS vkSj ej tkrh gSA bl ij D;k dkjZokgh gqbZ]

fdlus dh] D;k lwjr cnyh] dHkh irk gh ugha pyrk] D;ksafd oSlk

dHkh dqN gksrk gh ugha gSA

ij bu usrkvksa ds ân; esa xjhcksa ds fy, lgkuqHkwfr vkSj

n;k dk vFkkg lkxj fgyksjs ys jgk gksrk gSA vius tUefnu ;k ,sls

gh fdlh egku fnol ij os xjhcksa dks /kksfr;ka vkSj vU; dherh

migkj ckaVrs gSaA pkjksa vksj dSejksa dh jks'kuh ls txexkrs okrkoj.k

esa] jktizHkk ls nsnhI;eku psgjs okys usrkth ije larks"k ds Hkko ls

dkrj] nq[kh] oL=k [kjhnus esa vleFkZ Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa dks nksuksa

gkFkksa ls Qsad&Qsad dj migkj ckaVrs gSa] D;ksafd os vius tUefnu ij

xjhc turk ds mRFkku dk fe'ku izkjaHk dj jgs gksrs gSaA

bu usrkvksa dh xjhch vo'; nwj gksuh pkfg,A foeku esa

,d lkfgR; feyrk gS] ftlesa fy[kk gksrk gS fd foeku ds Mwcus dh

fLFkfr esa igys Lo;a vkDlhtu dk ekLd vks<+sa] fQj nwljksa dks

cpk,aA blh rjg xjhcksa dh xjhch nwj djus ds fy, vxj usrkvksa

dks leFkZ cukuk gS] rks igys mudh xjhch nwj djuh gh iM+sxhA vc

;g ckr vyx gS fd vxj fdlh dh xjhch nky&jksVh vkSj ,d

dejs ds ?kj ls nwj gksrh gS rks fdlh dh xjhch xqPph] cqyxkjh vkSj

jksysDl lsA cspkjs xjhc usrkvksa ij dqN rks rjl [kkb, oksV&izHkq!ys[kd ikaptU; ds iwoZ laiknd gSaA laizfr jkT;lHkk lnL; gSaA

[email protected]

foe'kZehfM;k

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tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

Jh jktef.k ik.Ms; dh /keZiRuh dk fu/kucLrhA ofj"B lektoknh fpard ,oa cLrh tuin esa lektoknh fopkj/kkjk dks thoui;ZUr iq"B djus okys lektoknh usrk ,oa iwoZ fo/kk;d

jktef.k ik.Ms; dh /keZiRuh dk 25&08&2015 dks y[kuÅ fLFkr ihthvkbZ esa yEch chekjh ds ckn nsgkUr gks x;kA ehfM;k foe'kZ if=kdk ds

izcU/k laiknd f'kf'kj f}osnh ds LFkkuh; jkeckx fLFkr vkokl ij ,d 'kksd lHkk esa 'kgj ds ofj"B fpardksa] lekt lsfo;ksa ,oa f'k{kdksa us nks

feuV dk ekSu j[k iq.; vkRek dks J)katfy nhA 'kksdlHkk esa f'kf'kj f}osnh us dgk Jh ik.Ms; th ds ;gka ge yksxksa dk vkuk&tkuk fo|kFkhZ

thou ls yxk jgk ysfdu fo/kk;d th us dHkh ,d x`gLFk dk thou ugha ft;kA mUgksaus lekt ,oa jk"Vª ds fy, viuk iwjk thou yxk fn;kA

os thou i;ZUr dEiuh ckx fLFkr fj¶;wth dkyksuh eas vdsys jgsA ,sls esa mudh /keZiRuh us lnSo muds ladV dky pkgs og bejtsUlh esa

mUuhl eghus ehlk esa tsy ;k=kh jgs gks] pkgsa fofHkUu jktuhfrd vkUnksyu esa Jh ik.Ms; }kjk fd;k x;k la?k"kZ gks] mudh /keZ iRuh us lHkh

ladVksa dks lgrs gq, mudk lkFk lnSo fn;kA ,slh iq.; vkRek dks bZ'oj 'kkfUr iznku djsA 'kksd lHkk esa MkW- jktu JhokLro] c`tuUnu feJ]

vo/ks'k feJ] MkW- lanhi JhokLro] vuwi JhokLro] iznhi ;kno] dkaxzslh usrk vadqj oekZ] eaxy xqIrk] MkW- jktsUnz flag ^jkgh* j?kqjkt cgknqj

JhokLro vkfn yksxksa us J)katfy nhA

Lokra=kksÙkj Hkkjr esa U;k;% vkn'kZ ,oa ;FkkFkZ

fo'ks"k vkys[kjkexksiky flag

R; ;fn ekuo thou dk lEcy dgk tk ldrk gS vkSj

fodkl y{; rks fuf'pr gh U;k; mldk vk/kkj gSA lR;

dks lEcy blfy;s dgk tk ldrk gS D;ksafd nwljksa dks mlds lgkjs

dh t#jr iM+rh gS tSls U;k; dks izek.k ds #i esa lR; dh t#jr

iM+rh gS fdUrq lR; dks fdlh izek.k ;k lgkjs dh t#jr ugha iM+rh

gSA oSls U;k; dks O;fDr ds thou dk vk/kkj ekuus ij dqN yksxksa

dks vkifÙk gks ldrh gS] tks t#jh ugh gS fd tk;t gh gks] fdUrq

;fn U;k; dks O;fDr ds thou dh txg lkekftd thou ;k lekt

dk vk/kkj fu#fir fd;k tkrk gS rks 'kk;n gh fdlh dks dksbZ

vkifÙk gksA D;ksafd yksx ;g tkurs gSa fd gtkjksa lky igys vkfne

ekuo taxyksa esa f'kdkj o dUn&ewy dh fQjkd esa i'kqvksa dh Hkkafr

LoPNUn #i ls b/kj&m/kj HkVdrk fQjrk Fkk vkSj cgqr dqN

,dkdh thou O;rhr djrk FkkA bl vkajfHkd voLFkk esa mldk

thou iw.kZr;k v'kkar] vfLFkj o vlqjf{kr FkkA dkykarj esa mlus

dnkfpr 'kkafr] lqj{kk o fLFkjrk dh n`f"V ls vdsys jgus dh txg

nwljksa ds lkFk jguk csgrj le>kA ifj.kkeLo#i] nwljksa ds lkFk

fey dj mlus ifjokj] iM+ksl] dchyk vkSj jkT; ds #i esa NksVs cM+s

lewgksa esa jguk 'kq# fd;k vkSj bl izdkj ,dkdh thou ls mÙkjksÙkj

lkewfgd thou ,oa lekt dk fodkl gqvkA lkFk jgus ls mls nwljksa

dk lg;ksx feyk] ftlls mlds thou esa lqj{kk o fLFkjrk rks vkbZ

vkSj mldk thou;kiu Hkh vklku gqvk fdUrq cnys esa mls vius

,dkdh thou dh LoPNUnrk vkSj euekuh NksM+uh iM+h vkSj nwljksa

dh Lora=krk o fgrksa ds lkFk viuh Loar=krk o fgrksa dks lek;ksftr

djuk iM+kA ftl vk/kkj ij vkfn ekuo }kjk bl lek;kstu dh

uhao j[kh xbZ vkSj ftlls ,d nwljs dh Loar=krkvksa o fgrksa esa

lkaetL; laHko gqvk] og oLrqr% vkSj dqN ugha cfYd fu"i{krk ;k

U;k; Fkk vkSj ;g vkt Hkh gSA bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gSa fd U;k;

dh cqfu;kn ij gh ekuo ds ,dkdh thou dh txg lkewfgd

thou dk egy [kM+k gqvk vkSj gtkjksa gtkj lky ckn vkt Hkh ;g

U;k; dh gh cqfu;kn ij [kM+k gSA ;g cqfu;kn tc etcwr gksrh gS

rks lekt o lkewfgd thou lqjf{kr] etcwr o mUur'khy gksrk gS

vkSj tc detksj gksrh gS rc vlqjf{kr] v'kDr vkSj vour'khy

gks tkrk gSA

vrhr esa Hkkjrh; lekt tc rd U;k;iw.kZ Fkk rc rd

fo'o esa mUufr ds f'k[kj ij FkkA dkykarj esa] fo'ks"k#i ls

Le`frdky esa] HksnHkkoiw.kZ 'kkL=kh; fo/kkuksa ds pyrs mlesa U;k; dk

iwjh rkSj ij vHkko gks x;kA D;ksafd HksnHkkoiw.kZ 'kkL=kh; fo/kkuksa ds

dkj.k ijLij lg;ksx o lkeatL; ij vk/kkfjr oSfnddkyhu

ikjxE;] yphyh o mUur'khy prqoZ.khZ; O;oLFkk dh txg lekt

ijLij bZ";kZ] }s"k o dyg ij vk/kkfjr pkj gtkj tkfr;ksa esa c¡V

x;kA ftlls u dsoy og vour o detksj gqvk cfYd iru o

ijkHko dks izkIr gqvk vkSj yxHkx ,d gtkj o"kksZ rd nklrkiw.kZ

thou thus dks foo'k gqvkA

;w¡ rks lekt esa O;kIr Å¡p uhp] HksnHkko vkSj vU;k; ds

f[kykQ vkokt e/;dkyhu larksa }kjk tksjnkj <+ax ls mBkbZ xbZ

fdUrq mudk ljksdkj eq[;r;k uSfrd o /kkfeZd lq/kkj rd gh

lhfer jgk] mlls vkxs ugha c<+ ik;kA ,slk blfy;s D;ksafd

oS/kkfud 'kfDr ds vHkko esa /kkfeZd o uSfrd thou esa lq/kkj ds

vykok fo/kku o U;k; ds {ks=k esa dksbZ ekSfyd lq/kkj dj ikuk larksa

ds fy;s laHko ugha Fkk vkSj fo/kku o U;k; ds {ks=k esa lq/kkj fd;s

l

92


fcuk ,d U;k;iw.kZ o mUur lekt ds fuekZ.k dh laHkkouk ugh

curhA ;|fi fczfV'k gqdwer ds nkSjku ns'k esa U;k;] dkuwu ,oa

iz'kklfud O;oLFkkvksa dk vk/kqfufddj.k rks gqvk fdUrq bu {ks=kksa

esa mlds }kjk yk;s x;s lq/kkj dsoy ogha rd lhfer jgs tgk¡ rd

buls mlds vkSifuosf'kd fgrksa dh iwfrZ gksrh FkhA blls vkxs ;s

'kk;n blfy;s ugha c<+ ik;s D;ksafd fczfV'k gqdwer dnkfpr blds

fy;s rS;kj ugha FkhA ,slk laHkor% blfy;s D;ksafd vius fo#)

fdlh cM+s vufonzksg ds [krjs dh vk'kadk ls og fo/kku o O;oLFkk

esa ekSfyd ifjorZu ykus ls cprh FkhA

Lora=krk la?k"kZ ds nkSjku jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu ds usr`Ro us

;g Hkyh Hkkafr le> fy;k Fkk fd vrhr esa lekt O;oLFkk esa O;kIr

vU;k; o HksnHkko ds dkj.k gh Hkkjrh; lekt iru o ijkHko dks

izkIr gqvkA nqfu;k ds nwljs lekt tgk¡ viuh ijaijkxr folaxfr;ksa

dks nwj dj mUur gq;s ogha nh?kZdkyhu ijk/khurk ds pyrs vius esa

le;kuqdwy ifjorZu u yk ikus ds dkj.k Hkkjrh; lekt ds fy;s

izxfr djus dh ckr rks nwj viuh nklrk dh csfM+;k¡ Hkh dkV ikuk

laHko ugha gks ik;kA vr% bl edln ds lkFk fd ,d HksnHkkojfgr

U;k;iw.kZ o mUur'khy lekt dh LFkkiuk Loar=k Hkkjr dk izkFkfed

mís'; gksxk Hkkjrh;] Lora=krk laxzke esa ,dtqV gq;s vkSj vaur%

Loar=krk izkIr djus esa dke;kc gq;sA Lora=k Hkkjr dk lafo/kku

oLrqr% muds Loar=krk laxzke ds bl ewyHkwr edln dk thoar

nLrkost gSA ,slk blfy;s dgk tk ldrk gS D;ksafd ;g vius

leLr ukxfjdksa dks lkekftd] vkfFkZd ,ao jktuSfrd U;k;]

fopkj] vfHkO;fDr] fo'okl] /keZ vkSj mikluk dh Loar=krk]

izfr"Bk ¼LVsVl½ o volj dh lekurk rFkk O;fDr dh xfjek vkSj

jk"Vª dh ,drk lqfuf'pr djus okyh cU/kqrk dh vfHko`f) dks

viuk ewy mís'; fu#fir djrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] Loar=krksijkar

lafo/kku ds ek/;e ls Loar=krk] lekurk vkSj Hkzkr`Ro ij vk/kkfjr

,d U;k;iw.kZ lekt dh LFkkiuk dks Hkkjr dk loksZP; vkn'kZ

?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA gkyakfd Loar=krk] lekurk] U;k;] cU/kqrk vkSj

,drk dk vkn'kZ dgus lquus esa rks cgqr vPNk vkSj yqHkkouk yxrk

gS ysfdu O;ogkfjd thou esa bldks mrkj ikuk nqfu;k ds fdlh Hkh

dksus esa dHkh Hkh vklku ugha jgkA fo'ks"k#i ls tkfr;ksa o laiznk;ksa

esa c¡Vs Hkkjr tSls cgqy jk"Vª ds fy;s] ftldh 'kq#vkr gh

lkaiznkf;d foHkktu dh cqfu;kn ij gqbZ] ;g vkSj Hkh nq"dj y{;

gSA ,sls esa ;g dguk dnkfpr xyr ugha gksxk fd vktknh ds le;

dh tkrh; HksnHkko ,oa lkiznkf;d dVqrk Hkjh i`"BHkwfe ls pydj

foxr ljlB&vjlB lkyksa esa U;k; tSls nq"dj y{; dks izkIr dj

ikus dh txg vxj ge ijLij ,dtqV gksdj fcuk fdlh HkVdko

ds mldh izkfIr dh vksj c<+ Hkh jgs gSa rks Hkh ;g gekjs fy;s de

cM+h miyfC/k ugha dgh tk ldrh gSA izLrqr ys[k esa eq[;#i ls bl

izLFkkiuk ds lEcU/k esa okLrfod fLFkfr dks tkuus dh dksf'k'k dh

xbZ gSA

U;k; dh LFkkiuk dks lafo/kku dk mís'; fu#fir dj nsus

vkSj mls dk;Z#i esa ifjf.kr djus ds fy;s lafo/kku ds ekQZr

ra=kxr <kaps dh #ijs[kk rS;kj dj nsus ls gh lekt esa U;k; dh

LFkkiuk ugha gks tkrhA blls yksxksa dks vf/kd ls vf/kd ;gh irk

pyrk gS fd jkT; dh ,slh ea'kk gS ftls iwjk djus ds fy;s mlus

lafo/kku ds rgr ra=kxr <kaps dh #ijs[kk Hkh rS;kj dh gSA fdUrq

bl ea'kk dks dk;Z#i esa ifjf.kr djus ds fy;s ra=k dks dke djuk

iM+rk gS] tks vklku ugh gSA D;ksafd ,d rks U;k; nqfu;k ds nqyZHk

y{;ksa esa ,d nqyZHkre y{; gS vkSj nwljs ;g fd fo/kku vkSj ra=k dh

jpuk Hkys gh vPNh gks fdUrq ;g t:jh ugha gS fd bUgsa dk;Z :i esa

ifjf.kr djus okys yksx Hkh vPNs gh gksaA U;k; dks iqLrdksa vkSj

ckSf)d ppkZvksa ls fudkydj O;ogkfjd thou esa mrkjus dk dk;Z

eq[;r;k jkT;ra=k ,oa lektra=k ds ek/;e ls fd;k tkrk gSA

U;k; ekuo thou dk ,d mPpre vkn'kZ] ,oa Js"Bre

mPpre ewY; gSA ;g u dsoy uhfrlaxr vfirq /keZlaxr o

lektlaxr gSA bu lc ckrksa dh f'k{kk O;fDr dks lekt ls feyrh

gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] O;fDr esa U;k; ds vuqikyu dh izo`fÙk lekt esa

lkekftdj.k ds ek/;e ls cgqr dqN vius vki fodflr gksrh gSA

vxj og thou esa U;k; dk vuqikyu djrk gS rks lekt esa mldh

iz'kalk dh tkrh gS] mldk vknj vkSj lEeku fd;k tkrk gS vkSj

vxj og ,slk ugha djrk gS rks lekt esa mldh fuUnk gksrh gS]

migkl] fujknj o frjLdkj gksrk gS vkSj mis{kk dh tkrh gSA U;k;

dk vuqikyu ugha djus okys O;fDr ds lkFk yksx lEcU/k o

O;ogkj j[kus ls drjkrs gSa vkSj vxj t#jh gqvk rks mldk cfg"dj

Hkh djrs gSaA

mi;qZDr rF;ksa dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq;s dgk tk ldrk gS

fd lekt esa U;k; dks LFkkfir djus vkSj mls cuk;s j[kus esa djhc

uCcs Qhlnh dk;Z rks lektra=k }kjk lkekftd] /kkfeZd o uSfrd

fu;eksa&&&jhfrfjoktksa] izFkkvksa] ijEijkvksa #f<+;ksa rFkk

uSfrd&/kkfeZd ekU;rkvkssa o fo'oklksa vkfn ds vk/kkj ij fofHkUu

lkekftd] /kkfeZd o uSfrd laLFkkvksa ,oa laxBuksa ds }kjk iz'kalk]

U;k; ds O;ogkfjd :ikarj.k ds ek/;e

lektra=k vkSj U;k;

foe'kZehfM;k

93

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

iqjLdkj vFkok fuUnk] migkl ,oa cfg"dkj vkfn fof/k;ksa ds

ek/;e ls lEikfnr fd;k tkrk gSA ,d ckj O;fDr dkuwu o iqfyl

dh vuns[kh ;g lksp dj fd og mudh utjksa ls cp dj fudy

ldrk gS] dj ldrk gS fdUrq ifjokj] iM+ksl] eksgYyk o fe=k

e.Myh vkfn dh vuns[kh djus dk lkgl ugha tqVk ikrkA D;ksfd

og tkurk gS fd budh utjksa ls cp ikuk vklku ugha gSA blds

vykok bu izkFkfed laLFkkvksa o laxBuksa ds ;gk¡ ihfM+r dks viuh

Qfj;kn ysdj tkus] vfHk;ksxh dks ltk fnykus vkSj U;k; ikus esa u

rks vf/kd le; yxrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dfBukbZ vkrh gSA HkkbZ us

vxj csotg Mk¡Vk ;k ekjk rks eEeh&ikik vFkok eEeh&ikik us

csotg Mk¡Vk ;k ekjk rks nknh&nknk ls f'kdk;r dj nh vkSj mUgs

Mk¡V iM+ok nh vFkok mudh fiVkbZ djok nh] bl izdkj ekeyk

cjkcj gks x;k vkSj [kq'k gks x;sA ifr us vxj dqN xM+cMh dh ;k

dksbZ uktk;t gjdr ;k dkjLrkuh dh rks lkl ls f'kdk;r dj nh

vkSj vxj lkl dh le> esa ckr vk xbZ rks mls vius csVs dks pkgs

og dIrku ;k dysDVj gh D;ksa u gks Mk¡Vus vkSj FkIiM+ tM+us esa u

rks fdlh ls iwNuk iM+rk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ nsj yxrh gSA

gks ldrk gS fd FkksM+h nsj ds fy;s O;fDr Hkys gh lekt

dh utjksa ls cp dj fudyus dh lksp ys fdUrq viuh vUrjkRek ls

cp dj og dSls fudy ldrk gS\ viuh vUrjkRek dks dSls /kks[kk

ns ldrk gS\ D;ksafd og rks mldh gj gjdr ns[krh jgrh gS vkSj

gj xyr gjdr ij mls vxj f/kDdkjs ugh rks de ls de dksalus ls

rks ugha gh pwdrhA oSls laHko gS fd O;fDr ,d ckj vUrjkRek dh

vkokt dh Hkh ;g lksp dj vuns[kh dj ys fd dksl dj og gekjk

D;k fcxkM+ ysxh\ vf/kd ls vf/kd blls gesa FkksM+k cgqr Vsa'ku gh

rks gksxk] ftls U;k; dh vuns[kh djus dh ,ot esa mBk;s x;s

uktk;t Qk;ns dks ns[krs gq;s >sy fy;k tk;sxk] ysfdu og bl

ckr dh 'kk;n gh vuns[kh dj ikrk gS fd Hkxoku dh ykBh] ftlesa

vkokt Hkys u gks ysfdu yxrh t#j gS] ls cp ikuk fdlh ds fy;s

Hkh eqefdu ugha gksrk gSA og ;g Hkyh Hkkafr tkurk gS fd bZ'oj ds

;gk¡ nsj Hkys gks ysfdu va/ksj ugha gSA D;ksafd og lcdks ns[krk gS]

lcdk fglkc&fdrkc j[krk gS vkSj lcds lkFk balkQ djrk gSA

ihM+d fdruk gh rkdroj o 'kkfrj D;ksa u gks mlds vkxs u rks

fdlh dh rkdr pyrh gS vkSj u gh fdlh dk dksbZ frdM+e pyrk

gSA mlds njckj esa ihfM+r dks U;k; vkSj ihM+d dks ltk feyuh r;

gSA gkyk¡fd bZ'oj gS ;k ugha bl ckjs esa fuf'pr #i ls dqN ugha

dgk tk ldrk gS ysfdu lekt esa vU;k; dks jksdus vkSj U;k; dks

dk;e j[kus esa bZ'oj dh cgqr cM+h Hkwfedk jgh gS] tks vkt ds bl

oSKkfud o HkkSfrdoknh ;qx esa Hkh cgqr dqN igys tSlh gh gS] bl

ckr ls bUdkj Hkh rks ugh fd;k tk ldrk gSA

vkS|ksfxdj.k] vk/kqfufdj.k ,oa oS'ohdj.k ds orZeku

nkSj esa Hkkjrh; lekt esa lkekftd] /kkfeZd ,oa uSfrd fu;eksa rFkk

izkFkfed lEcU/kks] laLFkkvksa ,oa laxBuksa ds izHkko esa deh vkbZ gS

tcfd laLFkkxr fu;eksa] jkT; dkuwuksa rFkk f}rh;d lEcU/kksa]

laLFkkvksa ,oa laxBuksa dk izHkko vizR;kf'kr #i ls c<+k gSA ftldh

otg ls lkekftd thou fo'ks"k#i ls lkoZtfud thou ,oa

lkoZtfud dk;ZO;ogkj ds lapkyu esa U;k; dks etcwr djus dk

lektra=k dh rqyuk esa jkT;ra=k vc vf/kd izHkkodkjh ek/;e cu

x;k gSA ;g dk;Z jkT;ra=k vius rhu mira=kksa ¼;k vaxksa½ ds ek/;e

ls djrk gSA ;s mira=k gSa& fo/kk;hra=k] dk;Zikyura=k rFkk U;k;ra=kA

pwafd lkekftd lEcU/k ,oa lkekftd dk;ZO;ogkj ds lapkyu dk

vk/kkj U;k; gS vkSj U;k; ds fu/kkZj.k dk vk/kkj dkuwu gS] blfy;s

jkT;ra=k ds ;s rhuksa vax lkoZtfud thou esa U;k; ds

lqfuf'pfrdj.k ds fy;s dkuwu] ftldk izeq[k mís'; U;k; fnykuk

gksrk gS] dks O;ogkfjd #i esa iz;qDr fd;s tkus ds vyx vyx i{kks

dks Li"V djrs gSaA fo/kk;hra=k dkuwu cukus dk ra=k gS]

dk;Zikyura=k dkuwu dks ykxw djus dk ra=k gS tcfd U;k;ra=k

dkuwu ds vk/kkj ij ihfM+r dks U;k; fnykus dk ra=k gSA

LFkwy #i ls ;k Åijh rkSj ij vxj ns[kk tk;s rks

U;k;iw.kZ lekt ds fuekZ.k esa fo/kk;hra=k dh rqyuk esa dk;Zikyura=k

,oa U;k;ra=k dh Hkwfedk vf/kd egRoiw.kZ fn[kkbZ nsrh gS fdUrq

vxj foospuk ds lw{e Lrj ij tk;k tk;s rks irk pyrk gS fd

blesa fo/kk;hra=k dh Hkwfedk vk/kkjHkwr ,oa vf/kd egRoiw.kZ gSA

,slk blfy;s D;ksafd dk;Zikyu ra=k }kjk lekt es U;k; ,oa

O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kus dk dk;Z rFkk U;k;ra=k }kjk U;k; ds

lqfu'p;u dk dk;Z dkuwu ds vk/kkj ij gh fd;k tkrk gSA rkRi;Z

;g gS fd bu nksuksa gh ra=kksa ds ewy esa dkuwu gh gksrk gSA QdZ dsoy

bruk gS fd ,d dk dk;Z dkuwu dk lgh <ax ls fØ;kUo;u gS]

tcfd nwljs dk dk;Z dkuwu ds vk/kkj ij O;fDr ;k lewg ds

O;ogkj ds lgh&xyr ;k U;k;iw.kZ&vU;k;iw.kZ gksus dk ijh{k.k gSA

fdUrq ;s ra=k dkuwu cukrs ugha gSaA dkuwu dk fuekZ.k vkSj mlesa

le;kuqdwy ifjorZu o la'kks/ku dk dk;Z rks fo/kk;hra=k gh djrk

gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] D;k lgh vkSj D;k xyr gS vFkok D;k U;k;iw.kZ

vkSj D;k vU;k;iw.kZ gS ds fu/kkZj.k ds vk/kkj dkuwu] dk ewy L=kksr

fo/kk;hra=k gh gSA 'kkL=kh; fo/kku dh Hkakfr vkt dk dkuwu Hkh ;fn

jkT;ra=k vkSj U;k;

fo/kk;hra=k&

94


oxhZ; LokFkZ ls izsfjr gksdj HksnHkkoiw.kZ cuk rks dk;Zikyura=k ,oa

U;k;ikyura=k fdruh gh fu"i{krk o bekunkjh ds lkFk viuk

dk;Z D;ksa u djsa os lekt ls vU;k; dks nwj ugha dj ldrsA ,sls esa

rks os lekt ls vU;k; dks nwj djus dh txg mls vkSj Hkh etcwr

djrs gSaA bl izdkj os lekt dks detksj gksus ls cpkus dh txg

vkSj Hkh detksj djrs gSa vkSj mlds iru o ijkHko dks jksdus dh

txg vkSj Hkh rst djrs gSaA

vk/kqfud ;qx esa fo'ks"k:i ls lkoZtfud thou ds dk;Z

O;ogkj dks U;k; dss vk/kkj ij laikfnr fd;s tkus ds fy;s

lkekftd fu;eksa dh rqyuk esa dkuwu ,oa fo/kku dh vf/kd t:jr

iM+rh gS ftudk fuekZ.k fo/kk;hra=k }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA dsoy

fuLokFkZ] fu"i{k] b~Zekunkj ,oa uSfrd:i ls izfrc) fo/kk;hra=k gh

,sls U;k;iw.kZ fo/kku dh jpuk dj ikrk gS ftlls O;fDr ,oa lekt

dk thou vf/kd lqjf{kr o mUur gks ldsA blds foijhr

fo/kk;hra=k ;fn oxhZ; LokFkZ ls izsfjr gksdj i{kikriw.kZ fo/kku dh

jpuk djrk gS rks lekt es U;k; dh LFkkiuk dj ikuk dfBu gks

tkrk gSA ftlls O;fDr o lekt dh izxfr vo:) gksrh gS vkSj

lekt detksj o vour gks tkrk gSA

vkikrdkyhu viokn dks vxj NksM+ fn;k tk;s rks dgk

tk ldrk gS fd Hkkjr esa fo/kk;hra=k etcwr o LFkk;h jgk gS vkSj

mlus le; le; ij lekt ds fofHkUu oxksZ fo'ks"k#i ls oafpr o

detksj oxksZ dks U;k; lqfuf'pr djus lfgr yksdfgr o yksd

dY;k.k lEcU/kh vko';d fo/kku Hkh ikfjr fd;s gSaA fQj Hkh] ;g

dguk fd mlds rRlEcU/kh ;k vU; lHkh fo/kku vkSj muds ihNs

mldh uh;r lkS Qhlnh fuLokFkZ] fu"i{k o U;k; dh Hkkouk ls

izsfjr jgh gS] 'kk;n lgh ugha gksxkA mnkgj.k ds fy;s fo/kk;h

izfrfuf/k;ksa dks isa'ku o vU; ifjykHk dh ik=krk iznku fd;s tkus

rFkk mUgs ykHk ds inksa ls nwj j[ks tkus lEcU/kh laoS/kfud izko/kku

esa la'kks/ku ,oa fo/kk;h izfrfuf/k ¼lkaln ;k fo/kk;d½ fuf/k c<+k;s

tkus vkfn fo"k;ksa ls lEcfU/kr fo/kkf;dk }kjk le;≤ ij

ikfjr fd, x;s fo/kkuksa dks LokFkZjfgr o U;k;lEer fu:fir

djuk dnkfpr equkflc ugha gksxkA blh izdkj fo'ks"k :i ls pquko

;k ljdkj ds vfLrRo ij lfUudV ladV ds le; bl ;k ml tkfr

;k bl ;k ml laiznk; dks mPp 'kSf{kd ,oa rduhdh laLFkkvksa esa

izos'k vFkok ljdkjh lsokvksa esa fu;qfDr ;k inksUufr esa] dHkh&dHkh

rks U;k;ky;hu fu.kZ;ksa ls ijs viuh fo/kk;h 'kfDr dk bLrseky

djrs gq, deksos'k loZlEefr ls vkj{k.k lEcU/kh fo/kkuksa ds ikfjr

fd, tkus ds ihNs fo/kkf;dk dh uh;r lEcfU/kr tkfr ;k laiznk;

dks U;k; iznku fd;s tkus dh mruh ugha ftruh fd lÙkk gkfly

djus ;k mls cpk;s j[kus dh jgh gSA

dk;Zikyura=k dk izeq[k dk;Z dkuwu dk 'kklu ,oa

U;k;ra=k ds fu.kZ;ksa ij vey lqfuf'pr djus ds lkFk lekt essa

U;k; ,oa O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kuk gSA dk;Zikfydk] ukSdj'kkgh] iqfyl

,oa tsy ra=k blds izeq[k vax gS] ftuds ek/;e ls ;g ra=k viuk

dk;Z laikfnr djrk gSA mi;qZDr dk;kZsa ds lkFk ;g jktLo lfgr

lkoZtfud thou ds fofo/k {ks=kksa rFkk 'kklu ds fofHkUu foHkkxksa ls

lEcfU/kr fooknksa dk fuiVkjk tgka rd laHko gks] ukSdj'kkghra=k ds

ek/;e ls foHkkxh; Lrj ij gh djus dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA vr%

dgk tk ldrk gS fd ukSdj'kkgh ;fn fu"i{k] dq'ky] bZekunkj rFkk

dk;Z ds izfr lefiZr o izfrc) gks rks ,d rks fookn dh fLFkfr iSnk

gksus dh laHkkouk gh ugha gksrh gS vkSj nwljs] vxj fdUgha dkj.kksa ls

fookn dh fLFkfr iSnk gksrh Hkh gS rks ,sls izdj.k vf/kdka'kr;k

foHkkxh; Lrj ij gh lqy>k fy;s tkrs gSa ftlls U;k;ky;ksa ij cks>

ugha iM+rk vkSj vxj iM+rk Hkh gS rks cgqr de iM+rk gSA

lkekftd U;k; ds y{;ksa dh izkfIr esa ukSdj'kkgh dh

vge Hkwfedk gksrh gS ysfdu tgk¡ ljdkj ls pyk ,d #i;k

ukSdj'kkgh ds ek/;e ls vius xarO; rd igq¡prs&igq¡prs ikap iSlk

jg tkrk gS ogka dk;Zikyura=k dh Hkwfedk ds ckjs esa dqN u dguk

gh Bhd gSA yksdrkaf=kd nckoksa ds pyrs dk;Zikfydk Hkys gh

vkSifuosf'kd o lkearh eukso`fÙk ls brj tuksUeq[k o laosnu'khy gks

xbZ gks ysfdu ukSdj'kkgh vktknh ds vjlB lkyksa ckn Hkh viuh

iqjkuh vkSifuosf'kd ekufldrk ls mcj ugha ikbZ gSA ;g lgh gS fd

vktknh ds bu vjlB lkyksa ds iz;klksa ds ckn ukSdj'kkgh ra=k dk

yxHkx iwjk 'kkjhfjd <kapk vc Hkkjrh; gks x;k gS ysfdu bldh

fnxkeh lajpuk vkSj lksp deksos'k vHkh Hkh vkSifuosf'kddkyhu

baXyS.M dh cuh gqbZ gS tks jktusrk dks viuk lkgc cgknqj ekudj

mldh f[knerxkjh djus vkSj turk dks viuh fj;k;k le>dj

ykr yxkus dks gh viuk QtZ ekurh gSA bDdhloha 'krkCnh esa tgk¡

nqfu;k ds dbZ ns'k rst xfr ls nkSM+dj nwljs xzgksa ij clus dh

dksf'k'k esa yxs gSa ogka Hkkjrh; ukSdj'kkgh vHkh cSyxkM+h dh j¶rkj

ls gh py jgh gSA blls vkxs ugha c<+ ikbZ gSA vxj og [kqn vkxs u

c<+us rd gh vius dks lhfer j[krh rks xuher Fkh ysfdu eqlhcr

rks ;g gS fd og nwljksa dks Hkh vkxs c<+us ls jksdrh gSA

bl ckr ls ;|fi bUdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS fd

Hkkjrh; ukSdj'kkgh vdeZ.;rk] v{kerk] nkf;Roghurk rFkk

vQlj'kkgh ,oa Hkz"Vkpkj vkfn vusd O;kf/k;ksa ls cqjh rjg xzLr gS

dk;Zikyura=k%

foe'kZehfM;k

95

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

ftuls futkr ikus vkSj LoLFk] dq'ky] izHkkoh rFkk ftEesnkj]

tuksUeq[k] rRij ,oa laosnu'khy cuus esa mls vHkh yEck le;

yxsxkA fQj Hkh] ;g dguk lgh ugha gksxk fd vktknh ds ckn ls

vc rd mlus dksbZ dke ugha fd;k gSA gdhdr rks ;g gS fd

vktknh ds ckn ns'k esa dkuwu ,oa O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kus rFkk fofHkUu

{ks=kksa esa ns'k dh izxfr esa ukSdj'kkgh dh dkQh lkFkZd Hkwfedk jgh gS

¼flag] 1999 % 98&111½A ;g ckr vyx gS fd dbZ {ks=kksa esa

ukSdj'kkgh }kjk vis{kk ds vuq:i ifj.kke gkfly ugha fd;k tk

ldk gS fdUrq mlds fy;s dsoy ukSdj'kkgh dks gh ftEesnkj Bgjkuk

lgh ugha gksxkA D;ksafd bu foQyrkvksa ds fy, tuusr`Ro vkSj

turk Hkh cgqr dqN leku :i ls ftEesnkj gS ¼flag] 2014 %

11&12½A ukSdj'kkgh dh vDlj ;g f'kdk;r jgrh gS fd tuusr`Ro

mlds dkeksa essa vuko';d n[kyankth djrk gS ftlls og

Lora=krkiwoZd viuk dke ugha dj ikrhA ,sls esa ukSdj'kkgh ls

csgrj ifj.kke dh vis{kk rHkh dh tk ldrh gS fd tcfd iapk;r

ls ysdj ikfyZ;kesUV rd tu usr`Ro ftlds gkFk esa ukSdj'kkgh dh

udsy gksrh gS lkQ lqFkjk gksA ;fn usr`Ro cksQkslZ] gokyk] pkjk rFkk

dks;yk ,oa LisDVªe ?kksVkyk tSls Hkz"V izdj.kksa esa lafyIr ;k lfUnX/k

gksxk rks ukSdj'kkgh ls csgrj ifj.kke dh vis{kk djuk csdkj gS

¼flag] 1999 % 110½A

njvly] O;oLFkk tfur foQyrkvksa ds fy, vdsys

jktusrk ;k vdsys iz'kkld vf/kd ftEesnkj ugha gSa cfYd nksuksa ds

chp x¡BtksM+] ftlds pyrs nksuksa ,d&nwljs dk nks"k <adrs gSa vkSj

eykbZ fey ck¡V dj [kkrs gSa] vf/kd ftEesnkj gSA vkt ftl

Hkz"Vkpkj ls iwjk tuthou =kLr gS og oLrqr% bu nksuksa ds chp

uktk;t x¡BtksM+ dh uktk;t vkSykn gSA U;k; dk rdktk rks ;g

dgrk gS fd lgh txg ij lgh vkneh cSBs ysfdu ,d&nwljs dks

Qk;nk igq¡pkus dh fQjkd esa ;g x¡BtksM+ ekSdk feyrs gh lgh txg

ij xyr vkneh fcBkus ls ugha pwdrkA xyr vkneh fcBkus ls ns'k

ejs ;k lekt ejs ;k nksuksa ejsa] budk D;k tkrk gS\ vycÙks fcuk

gjsZ&fQVdjh yxs mudk dke rks pks[kk gks tkrk gSA blh uktk;t

x¡BtksM+ ds pyrs iqjkrRo] tutkrh; rFkk lkekftd ,oa 'kSf{kd

'kks/k o izf'k{k.k laLFkkvksa ds egkfuns'kd rFkk f'k{kk e.My ds

v/;{k ,oa fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds dqyifr tSls dbZ egRoiw.kZ inksa ij

fo"k; fo'ks"kK dh txg flfoy ;k iqfyl lsok ds vf/kdkjh ;k

dHkh&dHkh fdlh gkjs Fkds jktusrk dks fcBk fn;k tkrk gSA bl

xksj[k/kU/ks ls fo"k; fo'ks"kK ftldk gd ekjk tkrk gS mldk

mruk uqdlku ugha gksrk D;ksafd og rks viuk v/;kiu ,oa

vuqla/kku dk;Z vius r;h tkjh j[krk gS ftlds fy;s mls fdlh ds

lgkjs dh t:jr ugha iM+rh D;ksafd fdlh Hkh {ks=k esa ekSfyd dk;Z

djus ds fy, ftl pht dh lcls vf/kd t:jr gksrh gS] og gS

LokfHkekuA ftls fdlh Hkh dher ij u rks og csprk gS vkSj u gh

fxjoh j[krk gSA gk¡] bl /kU/ksckth ls lacaf/kr {ks=k esa 'kks/k ,oa

fodkl dh xfrfof/k;ksa ij cqjk vlj t:j iM+rk gSA vxj lgh

txg ij xyr vkneh fcBkus dh ;g chekjh dgha O;kid iSekus ij

QSy tkrh gS rks blls ns'k esa U;k; vkSj fodkl dh fLFkfr vPNh ;k

cqjh tSlh Hkh cus vkSj ns'k vkxs c<+s ;k cSB tk;s ysfdu lekt dh

fLFkfr t:j bl dgkor dks pfjrkFkZ djus tSlh gks tkrh gS fd

^^va/ksj uxjh yEiV ¼;fn pkSiV ugha½ jktk] Vds lsj Hkkth Vsds lsj

[kktk**A

U;k;ra=k] tSlk fd iwoZ esa dgk x;k gS] dkuwu ds vk/kkj

ij ihfM+r dks U;k; fnykus dk ra=k gSA ;g ra=k dsUnzh; Lrj ij

mPpre U;k;ky;] izknsf'kd Lrj ij mPp U;k;ky; rFkk ftyk

Lrj ij ftyk U;k;ky; ,oa uhps ds Lrj ij fofHkUu U;k;ky;ksa ds

ek/;e ls viuk dk;Z lEikfnr djrk gSA

njvly] f'k{kk o U;k; O;oLFkk,¡ fdlh ns'k o lekt ds

vfLrRo ,oa izxfr dh vk/kkj gSaA f'k{kk O;fDr o lekt dks fn'kk

iznku djrh gS rFkk fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa ubZ&ubZ [kkstksa dks laHko cuk

dj izxfr ds u;s vk;ke o volj iznku djrh gSA fdUrq izxfr

rHkh laHko gks ikrh gS tcfd lekt o jk"Vª dh cqfu;kn etcwr gksA

fdUrq lekt ,oa jk"Vª dh cqfu;kn U;k; ij fVdh gksrh gSA bldk

fufgrkFkZ ;g gqvk fd vxj U;k; etcwr ugha gS rks lekt etcwr

ugha gks ldrk vkSj vxj lekt etcwr o fVdkÅ ugha gS rks f'k{kk

izxfr o fodkl esa izHkkoh Hkwfedk vnk ugha dj ldrhA lgh

O;fDr dks lgh txg ij fcBkus vkSj fdlh ds lkFk fdlh izdkj dk

vU;k; ugha gksus nsus dk Hkjkslk fnykus ds ek/;e ls U;k;] O;fDr

o lekt dh izxfr o fodkl ds fy, vuqdwy i`"BHkwfe dk fuekZ.k

djrk gS ftl ij f'k{kk izxfr o fodkl ds u;s dhfrZeku LFkkfir

djrh gSA ;gh otg gS fd nqfu;k¡ ds dekscs'k lHkh ns'kksa esa f'k{kk o

U;k; dks lEekfur O;olk; ¼ukscy izksQs'ku½ ekuk tkrk gS vkSj

f'k{kd ,oa U;k;fon~ dk cgqr lEeku fd;k tkrk gSA dgus dk

rkRi;Z ;g gS fd fdlh jk"Vª ds thou esa f'k{kk ,oa U;k; dh Hkwfedk

vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ gksrh gSA tgk¡ rd U;k; dh Hkwfedk dh ckr gS

f}rh; fo'o;q) ds nkSj ls lEcfU/kr dqynhi uS;j ¼2009%6½ }kjk

fn;s x;s ,d n`"VkUr dk ;gk¡ mYys[k djuk vlaxr ugha gksxkA ;q)

ds nkSjku baXyS.M tc gj ekspZs ij fiNM+ jgk Fkk rc rRdkyhu izkbe

U;k;ra=k%

96


fefuLVj foaLVu pfpZy us ogk¡ ds eq[; U;k;k/kh'k ls U;k;ikfydk

dks U;k; lqfuf'pr djus ds ckjs esa dgkA bl ij eq[; U;k;k/kh'k

us muls tkuuk pkgk fd tc vkidk lkjk /;ku vkxs c<+ jgs

ukft;ksa dks jksdus ij dsfUnzr gS rks fQj ;g ckr vkids fnekx esa

dSls vk xbZ! pfpZy dk mÙkj Fkk fd tc rd yksxksa dks ;g Hkjkslk

jgsxk fd mUgsa U;k; feysxk os vHkkoksa ds chp Hkh ns'k ds fy, yM+rs

jgsaxsA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd yM+kb;k¡ O;fDr ugha thrrk]

mldk pfj=k vkSj ns'k o lekt ij mldk Hkjkslk thrrk gS vkSj

uCcs Qhlnh pfj=k Ldwy o dkyst ds ekgkSy esa <yrk gS vkSj Hkjkslk

tks pfj=k dks thr dh eafty rd igq¡pkrk gS] lekt esa U;k; dh

izR;kHkwfr ls iSnk gksrk gSA blfy;s dgk tkrk gS fd U;k; lekt dh

cqfu;kn gSA tc ;g cqfu;kn etcwr gksrh gS rks lekt dh izxfr

dh laHkkouk Hkh etcwr gksrh gSA bl rF; dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, ge

;gk¡ ;g tkuus dh dksf'k'k djsaxs fd Lora=kksÙkj Hkkjr esa U;k; dh

D;k fLFkfr gSA D;k Hkkjr esa ,d vke vkneh dks U;k; feyus dk

Hkjkslk gS vkSj ;fn mldk ;g Hkjkslk de ;k vf/kd gS rks blds

D;k dkj.k gks ldrs gSa vkSj mUgsa dSls nwj fd;k tk ldrk gS\

fl)kar :i ls U;k; lHkh izdkj ds ncko ,oa

izHkko ls eqDr iw.kZr;k Lora=k gksrk gS vkSj Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa bl

ckr dh iwjh dksf'k'k Hkh dh xbZ gS fdUrq okLrfod thou esa Hkkjr

esa U;k; iSls o izHkko dh fxj¶r ls iw.kZr% eqDr fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk gSA

njvly] U;k; dk izeq[k mís'; dkuwu dk 'kklu LFkkfir djuk

gksrk gS fdUrq tSlk fd lhchvkbZ ds HkwriwoZ funs'kd tksfxUnj flag

¼2010%8½ dk dguk gS fd Hkkjr esa dkuwu rks cgqr vPNs gSa ysfdu

u rks muds ihNs dh gekjh ea'kk vPNh gS vkSj u gh mudks ykxw

djus dh etcwr bPNk 'kfDr geesa gSA ftldh otg ls dkuwu egt

fn[kkos ds jg x;s gSa] izHkkoh ugha gks ikrs gSaA dgus dks rks dkuwu ds

le{k lHkh leku gSa ysfdu ns[kus eas ;g vkrk gS fd iSls o izHkko

okys yksx dkuwu dh idM+ ls fudy tkrs gSa tcfd xjhc o detksj

Qal tkrs gSa ;k dHkh&dHkh Q¡lk fn;s tkrs gSaA dgus dk rRi;Z ;g gS

fd NksVh eNfy;k¡ rks idM+ yh tkrh gSa ysfdu cM+h eNfy;k¡ ftues

jktusrk] ofj"B ukSdj'kkg] vkbZ,,l ,oa vkbih,l 'kfey gS ;k rks

lkQ NwV tkrs gSa ;k vxj NwV ugha ikrs rks dkuwu dks yEcs le;

rd xPpk nsrs jgrs gSaA fdrus gh rjg ds ekeyksa esa rkdr o iSls

okys yksx u dsoy dkuwu dk mYya?ku djrs gSa cfYd dkuwu dk

lgkjk ysdj dkuwu dks Nyrs Hkh gSaA

njvly gekjh vnkyrh iz.kkyh csgn [kphZyh gSA

ifj.kkeLo:i] blesa vehj eqdnesckt tks [kpZ ogu dj ldrk gS

og U;k; dks /krk crkrk gqvk thrrk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA vketu tks

detksj gksrs gSa vkSj [kpkZ ogu ugha dj ldrs dks rks bl U;k;ra=k

esa fujk'kk gh gkFk yxrh gS ¼nhf{kr% 2010%6½A vkerkSj ij

vnkyrksa esa ekeyksa dh lquokbZ vuko';d :i ls Vyrh jgrh gSaA

rkjh[ksa vkxs c<+rh jgrh gSA is'kh ij is'kh iM+rh jgrh gSA

ifj.kkeLo:i] eqdnesckth esa U;k; feys ;k u feys] ysfdu yksxksa

dk le; o iSlk t:j cckZn gksrk gSA

vnkyrh dk;Z

laLd`fr tfVy ,oa ;a=k.kknk;h gksrh gSA vnkyr dh dk;Z i)fr

tfVy gksus ls ,d fopkjk/khu vijk/kh dks Lo;a dks nks"keqDr

lkfcr djus ds fy, cM+s ikiM+ csyus iM+rs gSa vkSj blesa tSlk fd

iwoZ esa dgk x;k gS iSlk vkSj le; Hkh cgqr yxrk gSA fopkjk/khu

vijk/kh ds :i eas tks le; og tsy esa xqtkjrk gS og Hkh fdlh

ltk ls de ugha gksrk gSA fopkjk/khu dSfn;ksas esa dbZ ,sls yksx Hkh

ns[kus dks feyrs gSa tks QSlys ds bartkj esa vius Åij yxs vfHk;ksx

dh laHkkfor ltk ls T;knk le; tsy esa xqtkj nsrs gSaA

U;k;ky;ksa esa turk ds fy, iznÙk lqfo/kk lEcU/kh

O;oLFkk dh tgk¡ rd ckr gS] cM+s U;k;ky;ksa dh gkyr rks dqN Bhd

gS] os U;k;ky; tSls yxrs Hkh gSaA ogk¡ tu&lqfo/kk,¡ Hkh dkQh dqN

Bhd&Bkd gSaA bartkj djus o cSBus dh txg Hkh fey tkrh gSA

fdarq ftyk o fupyh Lrj dh vnkyrksa dh gkyr rks eNyh cktkj

ls Hkh cnrj yxrh gSA FkksM+h lh txg] mlesa Hkh odhy] eqa'kh]

eq[rkj] VkbfiLV] LVkEi osYMj vkSj u tkus fdrus rjg ds yksx

viuh nqdku yxk;s cSBs feyrs gSaA viuh est o dqflZ;ksa esaa dnkfpr

bl Hk; ls fd dgha dksbZ bUgsa mBk u ys tk, psu o rkys yxk;s

j[krs gSaA Åij ls turk dh jsy&isy] ,sls esa cSBus dh ckr rks nwj

pSu ls [kM+s gksus dh txg <wa<uk Hkh ogk¡ eqf'dy gksrk gSA vki pkgs

oknh gksa ;k izfroknh gksa ;k xokg gksa vkidks lkekU;r;k nl cts

cqyk fy;k tkrk gS ysfdu vkidh is'kh dc gksxh] xokgh dc gksxh]

c;ku dc gksxk dqN irk ughaA vxj vki ljdkj dh rjQ ls gSa rks

ljdkjh odhy dks <w<+rs jfg;sA is'kdkj ls iwfN;s rks dgsxk fd D;k

gekjs ikl dsoy vkidk gh ekeyk gS] tc vkidk ekeyk is'k

gksxk rks vkidks iqdkjk tk;sxkA vxj vki chp esa dgh ikuh ihus

;k pk; ihus pys x;s vkSj bl chp iqdkj iM+ xbZ vkSj vki gkftj

ugha gks ik;s rks gks ldrk gS fd vxyh is'kh ij vkids f[kykQ

okjaV tkjh gks tk, ;k ijs'kku djus ds fy;s f[kykQ ikVhZ }kjk tkjh

djk fn;k tk;sA vkSj vxj okjaV ugha Hkh tkjh gks rks Hkh vkids eu

Lokra=kksÙkj Hkkjr esa U;k;[kphZyh U;k; iz.kkyh%

d"Vnk;h izfØ;k ,oa tfVy U;kf;d laLd`fr%

foe'kZehfM;k

97

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

esa Hk; rks cuk gh jgrk gS fd dgha ,slk gks u tk,A gdhdr D;k gS

bl ckjs esa rks Bhd ls dqN dgk ugha tk ldrk ysfdu lquus esa rks

vkrk gS fd fdUgha izdj.kksa esa [kqjkQrh yksx phtksa dks dqN ,sls

eSust djrs gSa fd dksVZ ls lEeu tkjh fd;s tkus dh dk;Zokgh rks

eqdEey iwjh gksrh gS ysfdu lkeus okys dks lwpuk rc feyrh gS

tc mlds ikl fxj¶rkjh okjaV igq¡prk gSA dHkh&dHkh rks yEcs

bUrtkj ds ckn 'kke dks rhu&pkj cts vkidh is'kh gksrh gS vkSj

vkils dg fn;k tkrk gS fd Qyk¡ rkjh[k dks vxyh is'kh ij

vkb;sA ljdkjh odhy ls iwfN;s fd esjk c;ku D;ksa ugha gks ik;k

rks og vkidks cyk;sxk fd iqfyl dh rjQ ls og fjdkMZ is'k ugha

gqvk ftl ij vkidk c;ku gksuk gSA isf'k;k¡ pyrh jgrh gSa] fjdkWMZ

ugha feyrk gS vkSj c;ku Vyrk jgrk gS vkSj fQj fdlh rkjh[k ij

vkils dg fn;k tkrk gS fd ekeyk fjO;w ds fy;s Åij dh vnkyr

dks jsQj fd;k x;k gSA vkxs tc vkidh t:jr iM+sxh rks vkidks

cqyk fy;k tk;sxkA ,slk Hkh gksrk gS fd iqfyl esa ekeyk ntZ gksus

vkSj dksVZ esa vkidks c;ku ds fy;s cqyk;s tkus esa gh djhc iPphl

lky yx tkrs gSaA vkxs vkidks cqyk;k tkrk gS ;k ugha vkSj vxj

cqyk;k tkrk gS rks blesa fdruk le; yxsxk bl ckjs esa dqN dgk

ugha tk ldrk gSA ,sls esa cl lk¡l ck¡/kdj pqipki bUrtkj djus

ds vykok vkils ikl dksbZ vU; fodYi ugha gksrk gSA

pkgs xokgh ;k c;ku ds fy;s gh lgh tc dksVZ dk leu

ysdj nks iqfyl okys fdlh ds ?kj igq¡prs gSa rks Hkys gh og fdruk gh

cM+k rhlekj [kk¡ D;ksa u gks mlds gkFk iSj Qwy tkrs gSa vkSj dkxt

gkFk esa vkrs gh dksVZ&dpgjh dh fdYyr ds ckjs esa lksp dj mldh

tku vk/kh gks tkrh gSA dqN cqrQjdkrh o [kqjkQkrh fdLe ds yksx

tks dksVZ&dpgjh dh tfVyrkvksa] Vs<+h&es<+h pkyksa vkSj isfpanfx;ksa ls

iwjh rkSj ij okfdQ gksrs gSa] ,sls fdlh vkneh] tks muds mYVs lh/ks

dkeksa esa 'kjhd ughs gksrk gS] dks uhpk fn[kkus vFkok viuh dksbZ

iqjkuh jaft'k fudkyus ds fy;s csotg fdlh izdj.k esa ;k rks Lo;a

;k fdlh ds dU/ks ij cUnwd j[k dj my>k nsrs gSa rkfd og

dksVZ&dpgjh ds pDdj esa ijs'kku gksrk jgs vkSj mUgsa ;g dgus fd

cM+k fl)kUroknh cuk fQjrk Fkk] vc vk;k gS Å¡V igkM+ ds uhps]

mldh f[kYyh mM+kus vkSj mldh ckr u ekuus dk etk p[kkus dk

ekSdk fey tk,A vr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd dqN [kqjkQkrh yksxksa ds

pDdj esa iM+dj U;k; iz.kkyh vkt muds gkFkksa 'kjhQ o lh/ks lk/ks

yksxksa ls viuh [kqUul fudkyus vkSj mUgsa rax djus dk tfj;k cu

xbZ gSA bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd viuh le; lk/;] [kphZyh o

tfVy ,oa ;a=k.kknk;h izd`fr rFkk vius bnZ fxnZ cqrQjdkrh o

[kqjkQkrh yksxksa dh tekr tksM+ ysus ds dkj.k Hkkjr esa U;k; iz.kkyh

vkt vU;k; iz.kkyh cu xbZ gS] tks yksxksa ds vk¡lwa iksNus dh txg

mUgsa #ykus dk dke dj jgh gSA oSls Hkh] vius ns'k esa U;k; iz.kkyh

dks vkt O;olkf;drk ,oa vkSipkfjdrk us bruh cqjh rjg tdM+

j[kk gS fd blesa U;k; <w<+ ikuk eqf'dy gks x;k gSA blhfy;s yksx

bZ'oj ls ;g izkFkZuk djrs jgrs gSa fd Hkxou Hkys gh udZ dk nq[k

Hkksxus dh ltk ns nsuk ysfdu iqfyl] dksVZ vkSj dpgjh ds pDdj ls

cpk dj j[kukA

^dk cj[kk tc d`f"k lq[kkuh* dh dgkor d`f"k ij

rks ykxw gksrh gh gS fdUrq mlls dgha vf/kd ;g U;k; ij ykxw gksrh

gSA D;ksafd vxj U;k; dh ckV tksgrs tksgrs fdlh dh vk¡[ksa lw[k

tk;sa] tsy ds Hkhrj ;k ckgj eqdnes dh ;a=k.kk >syrs&>syrs fdlh

dh ftUnxh xqtj tk;s ;k mlds izk.k i[ks: mM+ tk;sa rc dgha

tkdj mls U;k; feys rks blls D;k Qk;nk\ blls u rks mldh

vk¡[kksa esa [kq'kh Nydsxh] u mldh ftUnxh ds os fnu ykSV dj vk;saxs

vkSj u gh mlds izk.k okil vk;saxs] ftlls og ftUnk gksdj ;g

tku lds fd mldks U;k; feykA vxj mUuhl lky ds ckn pkSng

lky dh Vsful f[kykM+h #fpdk ds lkFk NsM+NkM+ djus ds ekeys esa]

ftldh ekufld ;a=k.kk >sy u ikus ds dkj.k mls vkRegR;k djus

dks foo'k gksuk iM+k] vfHk;qDr gfj;k.kk ds iwoZ Mhthih dks N% ekg

ds dBksj dkjkokl dh ltk fey Hkh xbZ rks bls D;k e`r ihfM+rk dks

U;k; feyuk dgk tk ldrk gS\ ;g dsoy #fpdk dk gh ekeyk

ugha gS] cfYd tsfldk yky] fufru dVkjk] dfo;=kh e/kqerh tSls

vusd izdj.k gSa ftuesa izHkko'kkyh yksxksa ds fo#) ihfM+rkvksa ;k

ihfM+rksa dks U;; feyus esa nsj gqbZ ¼if=kdk 2009 % 12%23½ vkSj

fuHkZ;k gR;kdk.M tSls dbZ ekeys gSa tks U;k; dh ckV tksg jgs gSaA

le; lk/;rk Hkkjrh; U;k; iz.kkyh dh ,d cgqr cM+h

[kkeh gSA yEch o tfVy vnkyrh dk;Zokgh ds nkSjku vkneh dks

tks ijs'kkuh o ftYyr mBkuh iM+rh gS] tks ekufld ;a=k.kk Hkksxuh

iM+rh gS vkSj le; o iSlk [kpZ djuk iM+rk gS bu lcdks ns[krs gq;s

yksxksa dks ;g dguk fd ^vnkyr esa tks thrk le>ks gkj x;k vkSj

tks gkjk le>ks ej x;k* cgqr dqN lgh yxrk gSaA laizfr vnkyr

dk QSlyk vkus esa iUnzg&chl lky yx tkuk dksbZ cM+h ckr ugha gS

vkSj vxj brus le; esa Hkh QSlyk vk tk;s rks xuher gS oukZ dksVZ

ds QSlys ds bUrtkj esa yksxksa dh iwjh ftUnxh chr tkrh gSA

vkerkSj ij ns[kus esa vkrk gS fd rkdroj] frdM+eh vkSj

eqdnesckth esa ekfgj yksx fupyh vnkyr ds QSlys ds f[kykQ

Åij dh vnkyr esa] ogk¡ Hkh flaxy csap ls Mcy csap esa vkSj vxj

U;k; esa foyEc%

98


Mcy csap dk QSlyk Hkh muds vuqdwy ugha gqvk rks mlls Å¡ph

vnkyr esa vihy yxk nsrs gSaA bu lcds ihNs mudh lksp ;g gksrh

gS fd ekeyk ftruk f[kapsxk vfHk;kstu i{k dh fujk'kk mruh

c<+sxh ftlls mldh vksj ls ekeys dh iSjoh esa <hy vk;sxh]

xokg&lcwr detksj iM+saxs vkSj ijs'kku gksdj ihNs gV tk;saxs] ,sls esa

mlds nks"k eqDr ;k cjh gksus dh laHkkouk c<+ tk;sxhA

lq/kka'kq jatu ¼2015%8½ ds vuqlkj foyEc Hkkjrh; U;k;

iz.kkyh dk lcls cM+k jksx gSA rRdkyhu jsyea=kh yfyr ukjk;.k

feJ dh gR;k rhu tuojh mUuhl lkS ipgÙkj dks gqbZ vkSj yxHkx

pkyhl o"kksZa ckn Vªk;y dksVZ dk QSlyk vk;kA vHkh mPp o

mPpre U;k;ky; esa ekeys dh vihy o lquokbZ ckdh gSA vle

dk epy ykyqax pkSou o"kksZa rd tsy esa fcuk fdlh Vªk;y ds jgkA

bl ckr dk dksbZ fjdkWMZ Hkh ugha Fkk fd mlus dksbZ vijk/k fd;k

FkkA ckn esa mPpre U;k;ky; esa ekeys dks ,d tufgr ;kfpdk ds

ek/;e ls mBk;s tkus ij mls ,d #i;s ds futh eqpyds ij tsy ls

fjgk fd;k x;kA Hkkjrh; U;k; iz.kkyh esa foyEc fdl lhek rd

ns[kus dks feyrk gS bls Li"V djrs gq;s os vkxs dgrs gSa fd fo'o esa

lcls yEcs le; rd pyus okys eqdnes dk fjdkMZ Hkkjr ds uke

gh gS tks fxuht cqd esa ntZ gSA

iq.ks esa 28 vizSy 1966 dks ckyk lkgc iVyks th FkksjkV

dks ml ekeys esa fu.kZ; feyk tks muds iwoZtksa us 761 lky igys

1205 esa nk;j fd;k FkkA eqík Fkk lkoZtfud lekjksgksa esa v/;{krk

djus dkA U;k; esa foyEc dh ckr rks viuh txg gS gh fdlh gn

rd dkuwu Hkh] Hkys gh ijks{k :i ls gh lgh] vfHk;qDr dh enn Hkh

djrs gSaA lh ch vkbZ ds iwoZ funs'kd tksfxUnj flag dk ekuuk gS fd

ewy vf/kdkjksa ds uke ij geus lkjs vf/kdkj vfHk;qDr dks t:j ns

fn;s gSa ysfdu ihfM+r O;fDr dks dqN ugha fn;k gSA os fcpkjs ekeys

Vyrs jgus ls n'kdksa rd b/kj&m/kj HkVdrs o ijs'kkuh Hkqxrrs jgrs

gSaA

O;kogkfjd n`f"V ls vxj ns[kk tk;s rks U;k; esa foyEc

dks U;k; ugha cfYd vU;k; dguk gh vf/kd lgh yxrk gSa D;ksafd

tSlk fd iwoZ esa geus ns[kk fd Hkkjr esa U;kf;d izfØ;k tfVy gh

ugha cfYd cgqr le;&lk/; gSaA vxj U;k; ds bUrtkj esa yksxksa dh

ftUnxh xqtj tk, rks fQj ,sls U;k; dk D;k eryc gqvkA bl

lEcU/k esa lhchvkbZ ds iwoZ funs'kd tksfxUnj flag ds vuqlkj ge

dg ldrs gSa fd vkt ns'k dh vnkyrksa esa yfEcr ekeyksa dh la[;k

rhu djksM+ chl yk[k gS ftlesa ipkl gtkj ekeys mPpre

U;k;ky; esa] mUrkyhl yk[k ekeys mPp U;k;ky;ksa esa vkSj ckdh

ekeys fupyh vnkyrksa ds py jgs gSaA ¼bjknksa ls feysxk U;k;&oknksa

ls ugha½A ,d eksVs vuqeku ¼tulÙkk 2010%7%20%6½ ds vuqlkj

vxj dksbZ u;k eqdnek nk;j u gks rc Hkh ekStwnk j¶rkj ds

vuqlkj bu vVds ekeyksa dks fuiVkus esa rhu lkS lky yx tk;saxsA

vr% ,sls esa vxj ge vU; ckrksa tSls U;k; esa fu"i{krk] xq.koÙkk

vkfn dks NksM+ nsa vkSj dsoy yfEcr izdj.kksa dh la[;k vkSj muds

fujkdj.k dh j¶rkj dks gh /;ku esa j[ksa rks Hkh ;g ugha dg ldrs

fd ns'k esa U;k; dh fLFkfr lUrks"ktud gSA

laizfr lkoZtfud thou esa Hkz"Vkpkj cgqr O;kid :i ls O;kIr gks

x;k gSA ukSdj'kkgh ¼ftlds ckjs esa ge iwoZ esa ppkZ dj pqds gSa½

lfgr dekscs'k lekt ds lHkh oxksZa dks blus viuh fxj¶r esa ys

fy;k gSA NksVs deZpkjh ls ysdj cM+s vf/kdkjh] [kqnjk O;kikjh ls

ysdj cM+s iw¡thifr ,oa O;kikfjd ?kjkuksa rFkk NqVHkS;k usrkvksa ls

ysdj cM+s usrkvksa rd dekscs'k lHkh oxZ ,oa Js.kh ds yksxksa esa blus

viuh iSB cuk yh gSA jktuhfr dHkh jk"Vª lsok ekuh tkrh Fkh

ysfdu vc ,d equkQs dk /kU/kk cu xbZ gSA vc jktuhfr esa

Hkz"Vkpkj uhps ds NksVs Lrj ls mB dj Åij cM+s Lrj ij igq¡p x;k gS

vkSj ogk¡ ;g brus cM+s iSekus ij bruk O;kid gks x;k gS fd

fofHkUu ?kksVkyksa vkSj gokyksa ds ek/;e ls vc nck fNik ugha cfYd

txtkfgj gks x;k gSA Hkz"Vkpkj ds [ksy esa jktusrk vkt ukSdj'kkgh

ds yksxksa ls Hkh T;knk ekfgj gks x;s gSaA bl ckjs esa lhchvkbZ ds iwoZ

funs'kd tksfxUnj flag ¼2014½ }kjk fn;k x;k ,d mnkgj.k

dkfcys xkSj gSA ekeyk ,d fctusleSu dk gS ftls ,d u;k m|ksx

yxkus ds fy, ljdkj ls eatwjh pkfg;s FkhA ,d fcpkSfy, ds

ek/;e ls jde r; gqbZ vkSj ea=kh egksn; us Qkby ij vaxzsth esa

lkoZtfud thou rFkk dk;Zikyura=k ,oa U;k;ra=k esa Hkz"Vkpkj%

njvly gekjh vnkyrh iz.kkyh csgn [kphZyh gSA ifj.kkeLo:i] blesa vehj eqdnesckt

tks [kpZ ogu dj ldrk gS og U;k; dks /krk crkrk gqvk thrrk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA

vketu tks detksj gksrs gSa vkSj [kpkZ ogu ugha dj ldrs dks

rks bl U;k;ra=k esa fujk'kk gh gkFk yxrh gSA

foe'kZehfM;k

99

tqykbZ&flrEcj 2015

vizwOM fy[krs gq;s eatwjh ns nhA tc fu/kkZfjr le; ij jde ugha

igq¡ph rc mUgksaus Qkby cqyokbZ vkSj vizwOM ds vkxs vaxzsth esa

ûkV* fy[k fn;k ftldk eryc gks x;k ûkV vizwOM* vFkkZr eatwjh

ughaA vc fctusleSu ,d ubZ eqlhcr esa Qal x;kA ysfdu mlus

gkj ugha ekuh vkSj bl eqlhcr ls cpus ds fy, mlus nwljk

fcpkSfy;k [kkstk vkSj mlds ek/;e ls ekeyk vc igys ls nqxuh

jde ij r; gqvkA jde igq¡p xbZ vkSj ea=kh th us fQj Qkby

cqyokbZ vkSj Qkby ij vaxzsth esa fy[ks ukV esa bZ v{kj vkSj tksM+

fn;kA ftlls Qkby ij ûkV vizwOM* dh txg vc ûksV vizwOM* gks

x;k vFkkZr eatwjh ns nh xbZA

lkoZtfud thou ds dekscs'k lHkh {ks=kksa esa Hkz"Vkpkj dh

O;kidrk ds pyrs vc Hkkjr dk uke fo'o esa Hkz"Vkpkj ds vxz.kh

ns'kksa esa 'kqekj gksus yxk gSA laizfr Hkz"Vkpkj ds lEcU/k esa Vªkalisjsalh

bUVjus'kuy }kjk o"kZ 2014 esa fd;s x;s ,d loZs{k.k ds vk/kkj ij

100 ¼vfr LoPN½ ls 0 ¼vfr Hkz"V½ ds iSekus ij Hkkjr 38 ds Ldksj

ds lkFk 85osa LFkku ij vofLFkr gSA ,slk yxrk gS fd Hkz"Vkpkj gh

vc Hkkjr esa ljdkjksa dk fgMsu ,ts.Mk cu x;k gS] Hkys gh os

fpYyk&fpYyk dj Hkz"Vkpkj eqDr 'kklu iznku djus dk vk'oklu

nsrh gksa ;k Hkz"Vkpkj ds fo#) ^thjks VkyjsUl* dh ckr djrh gksaA

bl lanHkZ esa lhchvkbZ ds iwoZ funs'kd tksfxUnj flag ¼2014½ dk

ekuuk gS fd fdlh Hkh ljdkj dh izkFkfedrk vkt iz'kklu esa

lPpkbZ ;k bZekunkjh ykuk vFkok mls turk ds izfr tokcnsg

cukuk ugha cfYd [kqn dks cpk;s j[kuk gSA jktusrkvksa ;k

jktuSfrd nyksa dk vkt ,d gh fl)kUr gS] lÙkk esa cus jgukA

turk ls mUgsa dqN ysuk nsuh ugha gSA vius ;gk¡ <sjksa izdkj ds

jsX;wysVj o baLisDVj gSa ftudk ewy dke turk dks U;k; ugha cfYd

mlls ftruk gks lds mruk iSlk olwy djuk gSA vki pkgsa lkjk

dke dkuwu o dk;nk esa djsa fQj Hkh os pkgsa rks vkidk dkj[kkuk

;k vkidk iwjk dkjksckj BIi djk nsa D;ksafd ,sls vf/kdkj muds

ikl gSaA muds f[kykQ vxj Åij f'kdk;r dh tk;s rks dksbZ lquus

okyk ugha gS D;ksafd iSlk lcds ikl igq¡prk gSA

Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj dkuwuksa dh cgqyrk dh otg ls pkykd

yksxksa dks dkuwu rksM+us ;k mldh vuns[kh djus dk ekSdk fey

tkrk gSA Hkz"Vkpkj ds pyrs dsl ntZ gh ugha gksrs vkSj vxj gksrs Hkh

gSa rks ntZ djrs le; gh detksj dj fn;s tkrs gSa ftlls dsl esa

U;k; feyus dh laHkkouk {kh.k gks tkrh gSA buds vfrfjDr iqjkus

dkuwu vkt ds vijk/kksa dks dkcw esa yk ldsa ;g t:jh ugha gSA

lhchvkbZ ds iwoZ funs'kd tksfxUnj flag ¼2014½ dk ekuuk gS fd

1863 ds izkphu dkuwuksa ls 2013 ds Hkz"Vkpkj o vU; vijk/kksa ls

ugha fuiVk tk ldrkA bl lanHkZ esa ân; ukjk;.k nhf{kr ¼2010%6½

dk ;g dguk cgqr izklafxd gS fd n.M izfØ;k lafgrk n.M fo/kku

dh O;ogkfjd fu;ekoyh gS tks vaxzsth jkt esa Hkkjrh;ksa dks ihfM+r

djus ds fy;s cukbZ xbZ Fkh--- iqfyl dkuwu 149 o"kZ iqjkuk gSA cgqr

ls iqfyl vk;ksx cusA lqizhe dksVZ us Hkh lq/kkj ds funsZ'k fn;s ysfdu

urhtk 'kwU;A fof/k vk;ksx lSdM+ksa iqjkus dkuwu esa la'kks/ku ds

lq>ko ns pqdk gS--- lekt cny jgk gSA iqjkus dkuwu vizklafxd gks

jgs gSaA u;s dkuwuksa dh vko';drk gS ysfdu cnyh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds

vuq:i fof/k fuekZ.k dk dk;Z ugha gksrkA

Hkz"Vkpkj ;fn jktuhfr o ukSdj'kkgh ds nk;js rd gh

lhfer jgrk rks Hkh xuher Fkh fdUrq laizfr ;g U;k;ra=k] tks

Hkz"Vkpkj ls yM+us dk lokZf/kd fo'oluh; ra=k ekuk tkrk gS] esa Hkh

izos'k dj x;k gSA mPpre U;k;ky; ds eq[; U;k;k/kh'k ih-,u-

Hkxorh us lsokfuo`Ùk gksrs gq;s dgk Fkk fd U;k;ikfydk esa Hkz"Vkpkj

Nykaxsa ekj jgk gSA dekscs'k blh izdkj dk fopkj lsokfuo`Ùk eq[;

U;k;k/kh'k ,l-ih-Hk#pk us Hkh O;Dr fd;k gSA mudk ekuuk gS fd

iUnzg izfr'kr ¼15 izfr'kr½ U;k; ikfydk Hkz"V gS ¼uS;j] 2009 %

6½A buds vfrfjDr mPpre U;k;ky; ds gh ,d vU; eq[;

U;k;k/kh'k lO; lkaph eqdthZ ¼lan% 'kj.k] 2010%6½ us chl o"kZ

igys dgk Fkk fd fupyh vnkyr esa cM+k Hkz"Vkpkj gSA vc mPp o

mPprj U;k;ky;ksa ij Hkh Å¡xyh mBus yxh gSA

njvly] vkt gekjs thou esa Hkz"Vkpkj bruk O;kid gks

x;k gS fd f'k{kk vkSj U;k; tSls lfn;ksa ls lkQ ikd le>s tkus

okys tu vkLFkk ds foHkkxksa ij ls Hkh yksxksa dk fo'okl fMxus yxk

gSA vkt yksxksa ds eu esa ;g /kkj.kk cuus yxh gS fd vc bu

foHkkxksa esa Hkh Hkz"Vkpkj iuius yxk gSA Hkys gh buesa vHkh ;g

viuh tM+ ugha tek ik;k gSA vr% bl ckr dh ge vuns[kh ugha

dj ldrs fd U;k; tks gekjs ra=k dh /kqjh gS ftl ij gekjk iwjk ra=k

fVdk gqvk gS rFkk f'k{kk tks gekjs ra=k dk ekxZn'kZd ;a=k gS] dk

O;kf/kxzLr gks tkuk vkus okys le; esa gekjs ns'k o lekt ds fy;s

[krjs dk ladsr gSA le; jgrs vxj ge Hkz"Vkpkj :ih bl laØked

jksx ij dkcw ugha ikrs gSa rks laHko gS fudV Hkfo"; esa gekjh ;g iwjh

O;oLFkk gh /oLr gks tk;s ftls gekjh fiNyh dqN ihf<+;ksa us cM+h

dqckZuh nsdj [kM+k fd;k FkkA

ns'k esa U;k; dh fLFkfr ds ckjs esa iwoZ esa dh xbZ ppkZ ds

vk/kkj ij ge fu"d"kZ :i esa dg ldrs gSa fd laizfr Hkkjrh;

Hkkjrh; U;k;ra=k % leL;k;sa ,oa lek/kku

100


U;k;ra=k esa dbZ [kkfe;k¡ vk xbZ gSa vkSj dbZ fodkj iSnk gks x;s gSa]

ftudh otg ls blesa dqN njkjsa vk xbZ gSa ysfdu ;s njkjsa vHkh

bruh pkSM+h vkSj xgjh ugha gqbZ gSa fd ra=k cSBus dh dxkj ij vk

x;k gksA ra=k esa vk;s bu fodkjksa ds fy;s ra=k dks nks"k nsus vkSj

dkslus] tSlk fd vkerkSj ij gksrk gS] ds igys gekjs fy;s nks ckrksa

dks /;ku esa j[kuk okftc gksxkA ,d rks ;g fd dksbZ ra=k Qqy izwQ

gks ,slk vkerkSj ij gksrk ugha gS vkSj vxj gksrk Hkh gS rks viokn

Lo:i fdUgha nqyZHk fLFkfr;ksa esa gh gksrk gS fdUrq bldk ;g eryc

ugha gS fd ge ra=k ds Qqy izwQ gksus dh vkn'kZ fLFkfr dks izkIr djus

vkSj vxj bldh laHkkouk ugha fn[kkbZ iM+s rks de ls de mlds

lfUudV igq¡pus dh mEehn vkSj mlds fy;s iz;kl djuk gh NksM+

nsaA nwljh ckr ftl ij gesa /;ku nsus dh t:jr gS og ;g gS fd

dgk¡ rd ;s [kkfe;k¡ ra=k dh eSu ikoj e'khujh dh viuh

detksfj;ksa dh otg ls vkSj dgk¡ rd ;s ckg~; dkj.kksa dh otg ls

gSaA vxj ;s [kkfe;k¡ igys izdkj ds dkj.kksa vFkkZr ra=k dh viuh

detksfj;ksa dh otg ls gSa rks de ls de ml gn rd tgk¡ rd ;s

ra=k dh detksjh dh otg ls gSa ge ra=k dks dV?kjs esa [kM+k dj ldrs

gSa vkSj mldh HkRlZuk Hkh dj ldrs gSa fdUrq vxj ;s ckg~; dkj.kksa

dh otg ls gSa rks ra=k dks nks"kh Bgjkuk Bhd ugha gksxkA

FkksM+h nsj ds fy;s vxj ge ;g eku ysa fd iUnzg izfr'kr

U;k;ikfydk Hkz"V gS vkSj blds fy;s dekscs'k uhps ds Lrj ls ysdj

Åij ds Lrj rd ds U;k;k/kh'k Hkh lUnsg ds ?ksjs esa gSa& bl ckr esa

lPpkbZ gS ;k ;g lPpkbZ ds cgqr fudV gS rks fuLlansg ge blds

fy;s U;k;ra=k dks nks"kh eku ldrs gSa vkSj mldh HkRlZuk Hkh dj

ldrs gSaaA fdUrq bl ckr ls ?kcjkus ;k ijs'kku gksus dh txg gesa

bls nwj djus dh dksf'k'k djuh pkfg;sA D;ksafd ;g dksbZ ,slh [kkeh

ugha gS ftldk lek/kku ugha <w<+k tk ldsA bl leL;k ds lek/kku

ds fy;s ,d rks ,sls U;k;k/kh'kksa ds dnkpj.k ds fo#) l[r

dk;Zokgh dj ;g eslst fn;k tk ldrk gS fd Hkz"Vkpkj dks vc

lgu ugha fd;k tk;sxk vkSj mlls l[rh ls fuiVk tk;sxk rkfd

Hkfo"; esa nwljs U;k;k/kh'k ,slk djus dk lkgl ugha dj ldsaA nwljs

;g fd ge viuh f'k{kk O;oLFkk dks vf/kd ls vf/kd izHkkodkjh

cuk;sa rkfd og ,sls mÙkjnk;h] laLdkjlEiUu ,oa pfj=koku ;qok

'kfDr dk fuekZ.k djs ftlds fdlh izdkj ds izyksHku esa vkdj

vius nkf;Ro ls HkVdus dh xqatkb'k ugha jgsA rhljs ;g fd viuh

f'k{kk O;oLFkk dks vkn'kZ cukus ds lkFk ge vius lkoZtfud thou

dks LoPN o fueZy cukus dh Hkh dksf'k'k djsaA D;ksafd vxj

lkoZtfud thou dk ekgkSy xUnk o Hkz"V gksxk rks U;k;k/kh'k Hkh

blls izHkkfor gks ldrs gSa D;ksafd os Hkh vkf[kj vkneh gh gSa] dksbZ

Hkxoku ugha gSa vkSj ;g fd lHkh vkneh leku :i ls etcwr ugha

gksrsA ,sls esa fo'ks"k :i ls detksj O;fDrRo ds yksxksa ds fy;s xUns

ekgkSy ls izHkkfor gksus dh laHkkouk ls bUdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk

gSA

rVLFk :i ls ;fn fopkj fd;k tk, rks dgk tk ldrk gS

fd U;k;ikfydk dh vf/kdka'k detksfj;ksa ds fy, ckg~; dkj.k

fo'ks"k :i ls O;oLFkk tfur dkj.k vf/kd ftEesnkj gSaA

U;k;ikfydk Lo;a buds fy;s vf/kd ftEesnkj ugha gSA ;g lgh gS

fd nqfu;k¡ tgk¡ vius dke dkt dh iqjkuh rduhdksa vkSj iqjkus rkSj

rjhdksa dk vk/kqfudhdj.k dj rsth ls vkxs c<+ jgh gS ogha

U;k;ikfydk vius vfHkys[kksa ds j[kj[kko ,oa :Vhu ds dkeksa dks

fuiVkus vkfn esa vHkh Hkh viuh iqjkuh rduhdksa vkSj rkSj rjhdksa ls

fpidh gqbZ gSA cgqr dqN ftldh otg ls mldh dk;Zdq'kyrk]

xq.koÙkk ,oa dk;Zizxfr esa dksbZ lq/kkj ugha gks ik;k gSA bl detksjh

ls mcjus ds fy;s U;k;ikfydk dh viuh dk;Ziz.kkyh dks

fMftVkbt djus dh t:jr gSA blds fy;s igys mls vius esa

bPNk'kfDr iSnk djuh gksxh vkSj dfBu ifjJe djuk gksxkA bl

dk;Z dks iwjk djus ds fy;s 'kklu dh vksj ls mls vko';d foÙkh;

lgk;rk rFkk dkfeZd izf'k{k.k ,oa vU; vko';d lqfo/kk,¡

miyC/k djkuh gksaxhA Q.M dh deh U;k;ky;ksa ds vk/kqfudhdj.k

esa cgqr cM+h ck/kk gS] ftls nwj fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA Hkkjr dh fxurh

nqfu;k¡ ds mu ns'kksa esa gksrh gS tgk¡ vkcknh dh rqyuk esa U;k;

O;oLFkk ij cgqr de [kpZ gksrk gS ¼tulÙkk] tqykbZ 20] 2011] i`-

6½A

U;k; dh ftu nks fo'ks"krkvksa dks mldh vk/kkjHkwr

fo'ks"krk,¡ fu:fir fd;k tk ldrk gS muesa ,d gS fu"i{k U;k;A

U;k; dh fu"i{krk dk tgk¡ rd iz'u gS] ;g nks ckrksa ls izHkkfor gks

ldrh gSA ,d rks ;g fd U;k;k/kh'k izyksHku] Hk; vFkok futh

yxko ;k iwokZxzg ds o'khHkwr gks fu.kZ; esa i{kikr cjrs vkSj nwljs

;g fd dkuwu brus vf/kd gksa ;k brus ypj gksa fd cpko i{k ds

odhy lcwr&xokg vkfn ds ek/;e ls ekeys dks bl rjg my>k nsa

fd U;k;k/kh'k lgh fu.kZ; ugha ys ikus ds fy;s foo'k gks tk;sA bl

flyflys esa tgk¡ rd U;k;ikfydk esa O;kIr Hkz"Vkpkj ls eqfDr ikus

dk iz'u gS ge iwoZ esa fopkj dj pqds gSa vkSj tgk¡ rd dkuwu dh

cgqyrk] ypjrk vFkok vi;kZIrrk dh otg ls U;k; ds izHkkfor

gksus dk iz'u gS] blls cpus ds fy;s dgk tk ldrk gS fd vuqHkoh

o l{ke fof/k fo'ks"kKksa dks ysdj ,d O;kid dkuwu lq/kkj vk;ksx


101

dk xBu fd;k tkuk pkfg;s tks fo|eku dkuwuksa esa iwoZ esa xfBr

vk;ksxksa }kjk lq>k;s x;s lq/kkjksa dh leh{kk rFkk lekt ds fof/k ,oa

fof/k;srj i{kksa ls ppkZ ds vk/kkj ij vizklafxd iM+ x;s iqjkus

dkukwuksa ds fujlu vkSj vkt dh t:jr ds vuqlkj u;s dkuwuksa ds

fuekZ.k ;k iqjkus dkuwuksa esa la'kks/ku gsrq jpukRed lq>ko izLrqr

djs] ftUgsa fopkjksikUr fØ;kfUor fd;k tk ldsA

U;k; dh nwljh vk/kkjHkwr fo'ks"krk gS le; ij U;k;

feyukA ysfdu ihfM+r dks le; ij U;k; u fey dj foyEc ls

feyuk tSlk fd ge iwoZ esa fopkj dj pqds gSa] Hkkjrh; U;k;ra=k dh

,d cM+h detksjh gSA fdUrq vxj U;k;ky;ksa esa nkf[ky ekeyksa dh

rqyuk esa U;k;k/kh'kksa dh la[;k cgqr de gks rks blds fy;s

U;k;ikfydk dks nks"kh Bgjkuk mfpr ugha gSA izk;% vius ;gk¡ ns[kus

esa vkrk gS fd fupys ,oa mPp U;k;y;ksa ls ysdj mPpre U;k;ky;

rd esa U;k;k/kh'kksa ds cgqr ls in fjDr iM+s jgrs gSa] ftldk ,d

dkj.k ;g gS fd mUgsa Hkjus dh izfØ;k cgqr /kheh gSA

lkFk gh] ns[kus esa ;g Hkh vkrk gS fd ftl j¶rkj ls

lekt esa fookn ,oa vijk/k rFkk muds fo#) U;k;ky;ksa esa ntZ

ekeyksa dh la[;k c<+ jgh gS ml j¶rkj ls u rks U;k;ky;ksa esa

U;k;k/kh'kksa dh la[;k c<+ jgh gS vkSj u gh U;k;ky;ksa dh

vUrlZjpuk dk fodkl gks ik jgk gS rkfd U;kf;d izfØ;k esa xfr

vk ldsA U;k;ky;ksa esa ntZ ekeyksa dh la[;k vkSj U;k;k/kh'kksa dh

la[;k esa o`f) dh njksa esa vUrj dh otg ls tgk¡ U;kf;d fu.kZ;ksa dh

xq.koÙkk vU;Fkk izHkkfor gksrh gS ogha U;k;ky;ksa esa yfEcr izdj.kksa

dh la[;k ?kVus dh txg c<+rh tkrh gSA ifj.kkeLo:i] U;k; esa

foyEc Hkh c<+rk tkrk gSA bl leL;k ds lek/kku ds fy;s ,d rks

U;k;k/kh'kksa ds fjDr inksa dks izkFkfedrk ds vk/kkj ij Hkjk tkuk

pkfg;s vkSj nwljs U;k;y;hu vko';drk ds vuqlkj fofHkUu Lrjksa

ij U;k;k/kh'kksa ds u;s in l`ftr fd;s tkus pkfg;s vkSj mu ij Hkh

;Fkk'kh?kz fu;qfDr;k¡ dh tkuh pkfg;sA lkFk gh] tgk¡ mPp Lrj ij

yfEcr izdj.kksa dh la[;k dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq;s vfrfjDr

U;k;ky;hu [k.MihBsa LFkkfir dh tkuh pkfg;s ogha uhps ds Lrj ij

vko';drkuqlkj u;s U;k;ky; [kksys tkus ds lkFk vfrfjDr

Rofjr ,oa xzkeh.k U;k;ky;ksa rFkk yksd vnkyrksa dh O;oLFkk Hkh

dh tkuh pkfg,A

vkt dh nqfu;k esa gj vkneh dekscs'k vius gh Hkys ds

ckjs esa lksprk gSA nwljksa ds Hkys ds ckjs esa rks 'kk;n gh dHkh dksbZ

lksprk gSA nwljksa ls og U;k; ,oa fu;e dkuwu ds ifjikyu rFkk

vkSjksa dh HkykbZ ds fy;s dke djus dh vis{kk t:j djrk gS ysfdu

ckr tc [kqn ij vkrh gS rks budh vuns[kh djrk gSA rkRi;Z ;g gS

fd vk/kqfudrk o mÙkj vk/kqfudrk ds ftl nkSj ls vkt ge xqtj

jgs gSa mlesa ijfgr dh ckr rks nwj] lR; vkSj U;k; ds vuqikyu

lEcU/kh vkn'kZ vkSj ewY; Hkh foyqIr gks jgs gSaA LFkkfir vkn'kksZa

vkSj ewY;ksa ds vHkko esa dsoy jkT;] dkuwu o ljdkj lekt esa

U;k; dh LFkkiuk dj ik;saxs blesa cgqr lUnsg gS D;ksafd fu;e o

dkuwu u rks Lo;a curs gSa vkSj u gh Lo;a lapkfyr gksrs gSaA bUgsa

euq"; cukrk gS vkSj ogh bUgsa ykxw Hkh djrk gSA U;k; vkSj vU;k;

Hkh u rks Lo;a mn~Hkwr gksrs gSa vkSj u gh fdlh nSoh; 'kfDr ls izsfjr

gksrs gSaA vU;k; Hkh euq"; djrk gS vkSj U;k; Hkh euq"; djrk gS

vkSj vU;k; dks nwj dj U;k; dh LFkkiuk Hkh euq"; gh djrk gSA

blfy;s lkekftd y{;ksa dh izkfIr vkSj lekt esa vkn'kksZa o ewY;ksa

dh LFkkiuk ds fy;s ge ekuoh; rRo dh mis{kk ugha dj ldrs vkSj

ekuo vPNk gks ldrk gS vkSj cqjk HkhA ;ksX; gks ldrk gS vkSj

v;ksX; HkhA deZB gks ldrk gS vkSj vdeZ.; HkhA fu"i{k gks

ldrk gS vkSj i{kikrh HkhA bekunkj gks ldrk gS vkSj Hkz"V HkhA

lPpfj=k gks ldrk gS vkSj nq'pfj=k HkhA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd

vxj lekt esa yksxksa esa ;ksX;rk o {kerk ugha gS] fu"i{krk] lR; o

U;k; ds izfr fu"Bk rFkk uSfrdrk] bZekunkjh ,oa drZO; o nkf;Ro

cks/k tSls pkfjf=kd xq.k ugha gaS rks u rks mlesa lR;fu"B o

U;k;fu"B fu;eksa o dkuwuksa dk fuekZ.k gks ldsxk vkSj u gh fu"i{k

o U;k;laxr <ax ls mudk O;ogkfjd vuqikyu gks ik;sxkA tgk¡

rd O;fDr esa ekuoh; xq.kksa ds fodkl ,oa pfj=k fuekZ.k dk iz'u gS

;g lkekftdj.k ,oa lkaLd`frd vUrjhdj.k dh izfØ;kvksa ds

ek/;e ls gksrk gSA ;s thoui;ZUr pyus okyh izfØ;k,¡ gSaA buesa

vusd O;fDr;ksa] lewgksa ,oa laLFkkvksa dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA

bl lEcU/k esa tgk¡ rd laLFkkxr ek/;eksa dh ckr gS] yksxksa esa U;k;

vkSj U;k; ds izfr fu"Bk] fu;e o dkuwu ds ifjikyu dh vkarfjd

bPNk rFkk vkRekuq'kklu ds fodkl esa f'k{kk dh egrh Hkwfedk gksrh

gSA

vc rd dh ppkZ ds vk/kkj ij lkjka'k :i esa dgk tk

ldrk gS fd vktknh ds bu vM+lB lkyksa ds lrr ,oa lagr iz;klksa

ds ckotwn lekt esa U;k; dh LFkkiuk lEcU/kh vius y{; ls vHkh

ge cgqr nwj gSaA U;k;iw.kZ lekt dh LFkkiuk ds laoS/kkfud vkn'kZ

rd igq¡pus ds ekxZ esa vHkh Hkh vusd ck/kk;sa gSa ftUgsa ge vHkh nwj

ugha dj ik;s gSaA

fo'ks"k :i ls Hkkjr dh ijaijkRed lkekftd lajpuk

milagkj

102


rFkk /kkfeZd ,oa lkaLd`frd fofo/krkvksa ds pyrs ns'k esa lkekftd]

vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd U;k; rFkk O;fDr dh xfjek vkSj jk"Vª dh

,drk dks lqfuf'pr djus okyh cU/kqrk ds fodkl ds ekxZ esa gekjs

lkeus dbZ nq"dj o nqlk/; pqukSfr;k¡ gSa] ftuls ikj ikuk ;|fi

vklku ugha gS fQj Hkh] vxj ge ,d ,slh f'k{kk iz.kkyh tks csgrj

Kku iznku djus ds lkFk O;fDr esa csgrj pfj=k dk fuekZ.k Hkh

djrh gks rFkk ,d ,slh dk;ZlaLd`fr tks lgh txg ij lgh O;fDr

dh inLFkkiuk rFkk dk;ksZiyfC/k ds vk/kkj ij mls lkekftd

ifjykHk dh izkfIr lqfuf'pr djrh gks dk fodkl dj ikrs gSa rks

fuf'pr :i ls ge ,d U;k;iw.kZ o mUur'khy lekt dh LFkkiuk

lEcU/kh vius y{; dh izkfIr esa lQy gks ldrs gSaA ysfdu

gdhdr rks ;g gS fd lafo/kku ds ek/;e ls HksnHkko dh lekfIr

vkSj Lora=krk o lekurk dks lekt dk cqfu;knh fl)kUr fu:fir

fd, tkus ds ckotwn yxrk gS fd yEcs le; ls lekt esa tM+ tek

pqds tUexr HksnHkko ls Hkkjrh; lekt dk tYnh ihNk NwVus okyk

ugha gSA igys ;g HksnHkko 'kq)rk&v'kq)rk ,oa dqyhurk&eyhurk

dh /kkj.kkvksa ij vk/kkfjr o.kZ ,oa tkfr ds :i esa Fkk tcfd vkt

,sfrgkfld {kfriwfrZ dh fcuk ij ukxfjd HksnHkko dh uhfr ij

vk/kkfjr tkrh; vkj{k.k ds :i esa gSA ifj.kkeLo:i] lekt esa

tkfr o tkfr vk/kkfjr HksnHkko vkt Hkh fo|eku gS Hkys gh blds

vkdkj] Lo:i rFkk ;a=k.kknk;h izd`fr ,oa dM+qokgV esa igys ls

deh vkbZ gSA

blh izdkj /kkfeZd Lora=krk dh vfHkO;fDr rFkk jkT;

dks /keZfujis{k Lo:i iznku fd;s tkus ds ckotwn lkaiznkf;drk Hkh

lekt esa fdlh u fdlh :i esa vkt Hkh eqdEey dk;e gSA vkSj

tkfr ,oa /keZ rFkk tkrh; ,oa /kkfeZd vkxzgksa ds pyrs Hkkjrh;

lekt esa ,drk o U;k; dh LFkkiuk dk dk;Z vklku ugha gSA

tkfrokn] laiznk;okn] {ks=kokn rFkk ikVhZokn vk/kkfjr i{kikr ,oa

rqf"Vdj.k rFkk Hkz"Vkpkj tSls fodkjksa ls xzLr Hkkjrh; lekt dh

orZeku gkyr dks ns[krs gq;s rks ;gh yxrk gS fd ,d U;k;iw.kZ o

mUur'khy lekt dh LFkkiuk lEcU/kh gekjk vkn'kZ vHkh ;FkkFkZ ls

cgqr nwj gSA

gk¡] foxr vM+lB lkyksa eas bruk t:j gqvk gS fd ge

vius y{; ls u rks HkVds gSa vkSj u gh blds fy;s fd, tkus okys

iz;kl esa tkus&vutkus dHkh deh vkus nh gSA oSls vkus okyk le;

ubZ ih<+h dk gS ftlds lkspus o dke djus dk <ax iqjkuh ih<+h ls

fcYdqy tqnk gSA vxj gkbZVsd lkslk;Vh dh vksj rsth ls c<+ jgh

bl ih<+h ds lkspus o dke djus dk ;g vk/kqfudrkijd] fMftVy

<ax gekjs fo/kk;hra=k] dk;Zikyura=k ,oa U;k;ra=k dh ijEijkxr

tM+rk ,oa O;fDrijd vfHkufr dks nwj dj ikrk gS rks Hkys gh bleas

dqN le; yxs fdUrq ,d U;k;iw.kZ] mUur o ,drkijd lekt dh

LFkkiuk lEcU/kh vius y{; dks izkIr djus esa ge vo'; lQy

gksaxsA bleas fdlh izdkj ds lUnsg dh dksbZ xqatkb'k ugha gSA

1- nhf{kr] ân; ukjk;.k 2010 fujk'k djrk U;kf;d ra=k

tqykbZ 30

2- uS;j] dqynhi 2009 lk[k xok¡rh U;k;ikfydk

fnlEcj 17

3- jatu] lq/kka'kq 2015 U;kf;d nsjh dk f'kdkj gkf'keiqjk

ekpZ 26

4- flag] tksfxUnj 2010 dkuwu ;k dkxth 'ksj

01%20%08

5- flag] tksfxUnj 2014 Qkbyksa ds uhps ne rksM+rh O;oLFkk

tuojh 23

6- flag] jkexksiky 1999

] jkor] t;iqj

7- flag jkexksiky 2014 cnyko dh ngyht ij Hkkjrh; yksdra=k

¼tuojh&ekpZ½ vad] i`- 109&16

8- 'kadj 'kj.k 2010 ;ksX;rk dk eksy nks dkSM+h tuojh 2

y{; gS dfBu] HkVdko Hkh cgqr gS]

exj vrhr dh xkSjo'kkyh /kjksgj

Lora=krk] lekurk vkSj vkRe&,dRo ds mifu"knh; fl)kÙk]

izse] Hkkbpkjk ,oa vÙknhiks Hko ds cq) ds lans'k vkSj

mfÙk"Br tkxzr izkI; cjku fucks/kr lEcU/kh

fosdkuUn ds mifu"knh; vkg~oku ds lEoy

gekjs lkFk gSaA

fuf'pr gh ge ,d fnu

HksnHkko] vU;k; vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj dh O;kf/k;ksa

tkrh;] lkaiznkf;d o ySafxd cU/kuksa ls eqDr gkasxs vkSj

,d U;k;iw.kZ mUur lekt dh jpuk esa dke;kc gksaxsA

cl] t:jr gS etcwr ladYi] n`<+ bPNk'kfDr vkSj

vius liuksa dks lkdkj djus ds tuwu dhAA

nSfud

tkxj.k

nSfud tkxj.k

fgUnqLrku

nSfud HkkLdj

nSfud

HkkLdj

lkekftd U;k; yksdra=k vkSj tkfr

O;oLFkk

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tulÙkk

1@7] ,evk;th] f'kokuh dkEIysDl f'kokth uxj] Hkksiky& 16]

eks- 91&9425443531

lanHkZ


103

Le`fr 'ks"kosn izrki oSfnd

lls vPNk egkiz;k.k D;k gks ldrk gS\ MkW- vCnqy dyke

dks og lkSHkkX; feyk] tks vkt rd Hkkjr ds fdlh Hkh

jk"Vªifr dks ugha feykA os vafre {k.k rd dk;Zjr jgsA jk"Vªifr

in NksM+us ds ckn Hkh os ftrus lfØ; jgs] dksbZ vkSj jk"Vªifr ugha

jgkA os jk"Vªifr ugha curs rks Hkh os cM+s vkneh FksA os Hkkjr ds ,sls

igys jk"Vªifr Fks] tks jktuhfr ls fdlh Hkh rjg tqM+s ugha FksA oSls

dksbZ O;fä vDlj jk"Vªifr rks dbZ futh fo'ks"krkvksa ds dkj.k

curk gS ysfdu jk"Vªifr cuus ds fy, vusd jktuhfrd

ifjfLFkfr;ka gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSaA vCnqy dyke 'kq) vius xq.kksa ds

dkj.k jk"Vªifr cusA felkbyesu dh rkSj ij fo[;kr gksdj os

Hkkjr jRu rks cu gh pqds FksA muds fu/ku ij lkjs ns'k esa tSlk 'kksd

dk ekgkSy cuk gS] ogh crkrk gS fd os fdrus yksdfiz; FksA

MkW- dyke vius <ax ds vuwBs O;fä FksA os vuwBs

eqlyeku Hkh FksA mUgksaus vius vkpj.k ls fganqLrku ds eqlyekuksa

dks ubZ xfjek iznku dhA bLyke dk mnkj :i ns[kuk gks rks MkW-

dyke ds 'kkunkj O;fäRo esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA muds O;fäRo esa

foKku vkSj /keZ dk vn~Hkqr esy FkkA eSaus dbZ ckj Lo;a ns[kk fd os

tSu eqfu egkizKth ds lkFk n'kZu ds xw<+ jgL;ksa ij fopkj&foe'kZ

djrs FksA muds dk;ZØeksa esa Hkkx Hkh ysrs FksA v{kj/kke ds izeq[k

Lokeh ds lkFk gq, vk/;kfRed okrkZyki ij Hkh mudh iqLrd Nih

gSA mUgksaus 2020 dk Hkkjr dSlk cus] bl eqís ij ,d LoIun'khZ

fopkjd dh rjg fy[kk gSA mUgksaus dbZ iqLrdsa eq>s Lo;a HksaV dhaA os

pkgrs Fks fd Hkkjrh; yksdra=k f}nyh; cusA pqukoh mEehnokj

fcYdqy LoPN gksaA f'k{kk esa dke&/ka/kksa dk izf'k{k.k vfuok;Z gksA

Hkkjr dh lqj{kk vHks| gksA xjhch nwj gksA ysfdu ;g lc dkSu

djsxk\ gekjs usrk Hkh ;gh dgrs gSa ysfdu oksV vkSj uksV ds pDdj

esa lc dqN Hkwy tkrs gSaA MkW- jktsanz izlkn vkSj MkW- jk/kkd`".ku ds

vykok yxHkx lHkh jk"Vªifr;ksa ds lkFk esjk vPNk ifjp; jgk gSA

mu lc esa eq>s MkW- vCnqy dyke dqN vyx <ax ds O;fä yxrs FksA

eSa tc Hkh muls feyrk] eq>s yxrk fd eSa fdlh i<+s&fy[ks lk/kq ls

ckr dj jgk gwaA jk"Vªifr cuus ij Hkh mUgksaus viuh lknxh vkSj

lgtrk dks T;ksa dk R;ksa cuk, j[kkA jk"Vªifr Hkou dh nkorksa esa os

[kqn esgekuksa dks iwNrs FksA mudk pfj=k Hkh csnkx FkkA muds bl

dFku ij D;k ge /;ku nsaxs fd esjs ejus ij ns'k esa Nqêh ?kksf"kr u

dh tk,A ml fnu yksx T;knk dke djsaA D;k gh vPNk gks fd ns'k

ds lHkh egkiq#"kksa ds tue vkSj ej.k dh Nqfê;ka [kRe dj nh tk,¡A

D;k eksnh ljdkj esa bruk uSfrd cy gS\

muds jk"Vªifr&dky ds nkSjku mUgksaus lgh ckr ij ges'kk

tksj fn;k] gkykafd fcgkj ljdkj dks c[kkZLr djus ds vkns'k ij

mUgsa vius ekLdks&;k=kk ds nkSjku nLr[kr djus iM+sA lp iwNk tk,

rks eSa dg ldrk gwa fd vkusokyh ihf<+;ksa dks gekjs jk"Vªifr;ksa ds

uke ;kn jgsa ;k u jgsa ysfdu Hkkjr ds egku oSKkfud dh rkSj ij

MkW- vCnqy dyke dk uke lnk ;kn jgsxkA mUgsa esjh lknj

J)katfy!ys[kd ofj"B i=kdkj gSaA

b

vCnqy dyke% lk/kq oSKkfudMkW- dyke vius <ax ds vuwBs O;fä FksA os vuwBs eqlyeku Hkh FksA

mUgksaus vius vkpj.k ls fganqLrku ds eqlyekuksa dks ubZ xfjek iznku dhA

bLyke dk mnkj #i ns[kuk gks rks MkW- dyke ds 'kkunkj O;fäRo esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

muds O;fäRo esa foKku vkSj /keZ dk vn~Hkqr esy FkkA

104


Le`fr 'ks"kmes'k prqoZsnh

ptU; ds laiknd jgs] lgtrk dh vuU;ewfrZ] [kkfyl lgt bUlku vkSj viuspgsrksa ds chp dkdw ds rkSj ij e'kgwj

;knojko ns'keq[k pkj twu dks ogka ds fy, dwpdj x,] tgka ls dksbZ ykSVdj ugha vkrk---nhun;ky 'kks/k laLFkku ds izeq[k jgs 87 lky ds;kno jko ns'keq[k jk"Vªh; Lo;alsod la?k ds ,slsdk;ZdrkZ Fks] ftUgsa vgadkj Nw rd ugha x;k Fkk---ftl oä mUgksaus egkiz;k.k fd;k] ml oäv'kksd egku dh csVh la?kfe=kk }kjk cuok, x,lkaph ds Lrwi dh ;k=kk ij Fkk--fygktk ckck dhvkf[kjh ;k=kk dk ekSu vkSj ekfeZd xokg ugha cuik;k--ysfdu fofn'kk ls fnYyh ykSVus ds Øe esatSls gh ;g [kcj feyh--;knksa ds fgaMksyksa esa ckckls tqM+h dbZ lkjs ,d&,d dj vkus yxha--mudslqiq=k Hkkjrh; tulapkj laLFkku dh ohfFk;ksa esa vius lgikBh jgs gSa--blhfy, ckck ls ifjp; Hkh gqvk vkSj ;knojko ns'keq[k gekjs fy,Hkh ckck ;kuh firk gh gks x,--;'koar dh eka Hkh gesa csVk gh ekurhjgha--dHkh uke ugha fy;k--cgjgky ;knksa ds fgaMksys ls Nudj vk;h,d ;kn lk>k dj jgk gwa--tks [kkfyl i=kdkjh; vuqHko ls ifjiw.kZgS--

uoacj dh 'kq#vkr ds lkFk gh fnYyh dh fQtka fudVvrhr dh xfeZ;ksa ls tSls futkr ikus yxrh gSA 1999 dk uoacj Hkhnwljs lkyksa dh rjg xqykch BaM dh vkHkk fy, gh 'kq: gqvk FkkAysfdu ml lky vpkud ,d fnu fl;klh rkieku c<+ x;kArkieku c<+us dh otg Fkh Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ds fy, iz'u izns'kcuk mÙkjizns'kA 1999 ds yksdlHkk pqukoksa esa dY;k.k flag ds ckxhrsoj ds pyrs chtsih dks flQZ 29 lhVksa ij gh larks"k djuk iM+kFkkA blds Bhd ,d lky igys ds pqukoksa esa chtsih dks izns'k dh 85esa ls 52 lhVksa ij thr gkfly gqbZ FkhA bu lhVksa ds lkFk gh dsanz esaoktis;h dh ljdkj dh egRoiw.kZ uhao mÙkjizns'k us j[kh FkhA ysfdulky chrrs&chrrs mÙkjizns'k dh chtsih dh van:uh jktuhfr usiyVk [kk;kA rRdkyhu eq[;ea=kh dY;k.k flag us ckxh rsojvf[r;kj fd, vkSj blds ckn mÙkjizns'k chtsih ds fy, lokyksa dkizns'k cu x;kA ,sls ekgkSy esa dY;k.k flag dks cnys tkus dhlqxcqxkgV rks FkhA ysfdu mudh txg ij fdldh rktiks'kh gksxh]blds fy, d;klksa ds nkSj gh tkjh FksA

,sls d;klckft;ksa ds nkSj esa uoacj1999 dh ,d 'kke y[kuÅ ls [kcj vkbZ fdjkeizdk'k xqIr dks mÙkjizns'k esa chtsihfo/kkueaMy ny dk usrk pquk tk,xk vkSj mUgsaeq[;ea=kh in dh 'kiFk fnykbZ tk,xhAfnypLi ;g gS fd mÙkjizns'k dh 1967 dhlafon ljdkj esa tula?k ds dksVs lsmieq[;ea=kh vkSj 1977 dh turk ikVhZ dhljdkj esa m|ksx ea=kh jg pqds jkeizdk'k xqIrdks i=kdkj fcjknjh Hkwy xbZ FkhA rc buiafä;ksa dk ys[kd nSfud HkkLdj ds fnYyh C;wjksesa crkSj jktuhfrd laoknnkrk dk;Zjr FkkA/;ku jgs fd rc xwxy lpZ batu dk tekukugha Fkk vkSj baVjusV lfØ;rk dk rqjark&QqjarknkSj 'kq: gh ugha gqvk FkkA rc nSfud HkkLdj ds

fnYyh C;wjks ds izeq[k 'kjn f}osnh FksA mu fnuksa ,tsafl;ka ,sls izeq[kusrkvksa dh izksQkby fn;k djrh FkhaA ysfdu jkeizdk'k xqIr ds ukeokyh Qkby u rks ;wukbVsM U;wt vkWQ bafM;k esa Fkh vkSj uk gh izslVªLV vkWQ bafM;k esaA pwafd 'kjn f}osnh nksuksa gh ,tsafl;ksa dh fganhlfoZl okrkZ vkSj Hkk"kk ds laLFkkidksa esa ls ,d FksA fygktk nksuksa gh,tsafl;ksa ls muds ikl jkeizdk'k xqIr dh izksQkby ds fy,tkudkjh ;k U;wt dkWih dh ekax vkus yxhA 'kjn th dks jkeizdk'kxqIr dh ;kn rks Fkh] ysfdu mudh eqdEey izksQkby mUgsa ;kn ughaFkkA ,sls ekgkSy esa mUgksaus bu iafä;ksa ds ys[kd dh [kkst 'kq:djkbZA rc eksckby Qksu dk Hkh tekuk ugha FkkA cgjgky ges'kkdh rjg 'kke dks viuh chV dh [kcjsa ysdj n¶rj igqapk rks 'kjnth us Qjeku lquk fn;k fd fdlh Hkh rjg ls jkeizdk'k xqIr dhizksQkby rS;kj djks] D;ksafd Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ mUgsa mÙkjizns'k dkeq[;ea=kh cukus tk jgh gSA rc ladV ;g [kM+k gqvk fd vkf[kjxqIr dh tkudkjh dSls gkfly dh tk,A

,sls ekSdksa ij LoxhZ; Hkkuqizrki 'kqDy dh ;kn vkrh FkhAHkkuq th tSls fojkV O;fäRo ls irk ugha D;ksa dHkh f>>d ugha gqbZvkSj uk gh dHkh mUgksaus u, uosys yksxksa ls Hkh feyus&ckr djus esaviuh fojkV 'kf[l;r dks vkM+s vkus fn;kA ysfdu ml fnu fnYyhds caxkyh ekdsZV okys vius fuokl ij os ugha FksA Qksu fjlho djusokys us tc ;g tkudkjh nh rks ,lkbuesaV iwjk uk gksus dk ladV[kM+k gksrk utj vk;kA blh nkSjku 'kjn th ds dgs dqN 'kCn ;kn

ikacukoVhiu ls rkftanxh nwj jgs ;knojko ns'keq[k


105

vk,A mUgksaus jkeizdk'k xqIr dh tkudkjh nsrs gq, dgk fd eSausmUgsa y[kuÅ uxj fuxe esa doj fd;k FkkA ;gka ;g crk nsukt:jh gS fd 'kjn th dqN fnuksa rd fganqLrku lekpkj ds fy,y[kuÅ esa laoknnkrk jg pqds FksA blh ,d okD; us tSls jkeizdk'kxqIr dks idM+us dk lw=k ns fn;kA rc rRdky ckck dh ;kn vkbZAckck ;kuh ;knojko ns'keq[kA ikaptU; ds iwoZ laiknd] jk"Vªh;Lo;alsod la?k ds fopkjd vkSj xaHkhj i=kdkj ;knojko ns'keq[k dksgekjs lHkh lkFkh ckck gh dgk djrs FksA muds csVs vkSj lh oksVj dslaLFkkid ;'koar ns'keq[k pwafd Hkkjrh; tulapkj laLFkku esa gekjslkFkh Fks] fygktk bl ukrs muds ckck ge lHkh cSpesV~l ds fy,ckck gh gks x, FksA ckck ejkBh esa firk dk lacks/ku gksrk gSAcgjgky ckck dks Qksu fd;kA ckck oS'kkyh ds vius ?kj esa gh FksAmuls tc Qksu ij iwNk fd ckck vkidks irk jkeizdk'k xqIr dsckjs esa irk gSA ckck dks yxk fd ok/kZD; ds pyrs jkeizdk'k xqIrdk fu/ku gks x;k gSA fygktk nwljh rjQ dk tokc lqus fcuk osnq[k esa Mwc x, vkSj ckj&ckj ,d gh loky iwNus yxs fd csVk]mldk D;k gqvk\ fQj tokc lqus fcuk 1967 ds fo/kkulHkkpqukoksa dk ftØ djus yxsA Qksu ds nwljh rjQ mudh ;knksa dkfiVkjk [kqy x;k FkkA os dg jgs Fks& csVk jkeizdk'k esjk vPNk nksLrFkk--cgqr Hkyk vkneh Fkk--bfrgkl us mlds lkFk U;k; ugha fd;k---fQj mUgksaus ;g Hkh crkuk 'kq: fd;k fd muds pquko izpkj ds oäiSls ugha Fks rks fdl rjg lk;fdy ls gjnksbZ esa izpkj fd;k Fkk---dSls ,d ckj Fkddj ,d iqfy;k ij foJke fd;k Fkk--dSls xkaookyksa ls ekax dj [kk;k Fkk vkSj dSls thr gkfly gqbZ Fkh---cgjgkybruk lquus ds ckn eSaus nwljh rjQ ls ckck dks Vksd fn;k---ckckvki ukgd ijs'kku gks jgs gSa--njvly chtsih mUgsa mÙkj izns'k dkeq[;ea=kh cukus tk jgh gS vkSj mudh izksQkby fy[kus ds fy, eSausvkidks Qksu fd;k gS---esjk bruk lquus ds ckn ckck gal iM+s--Bgkdsyxkrs mUgsa de gh lquk Fkk--ysfdu ml fnu mUgksaus gYdk Bgkdkyxk;k vkSj Qksu ij gh cksys&csVk eSa rks muds ckjs esa dqN vkSj ghlksp cSBk Fkk-- cgjgky ckck us mudh jktuhfrd ;k=kk] mudsdkedkt] muds 'kklu ds rjhds] muds tula?k ls tqM+us vkfn dksysdj yach&pkSM+h tkudkjh nhA mUgha tkudkfj;ksa ds vk/kkj ij eSausrc jkeizdk'k xqIr dh izksQkby fy[kh FkhA og izksQkby nSfudHkkLdj ds uoacj 1999 ds 'kq#vkrh g¶rksa dh Qkbyksa esa vc Hkhdgha ntZ gksxhA ;gka ;g crk nsuk t:jh gS fd gkFk ls fy[kh mlhizksQkby dks FkksM+k&cgqr lq/kkj dj 'kjn th us okrkZ vkSj Hkk"kk dsvius f'k";ksa dks QSDl dj fn;k Fkk---bl rkdhn ds lkFk fd bldsfy, ikfjJfed fHktok nsukA ml fnu ;w,uvkbZ vkSj ihVhvkbZ usmlh izksQkby ds vk/kkj jkeizdk'k xqIrk dh izksQkby izlkfjr dh

vkSj T;knkrj v[kckjksa us mls gh izdkf'kr fd;k FkkA jkeizdk'kxqIr dh ml izksQkby dh lanHkZ lkexzh ckck ;kuh ;knojko ns'keq[kus nh FkhA

;knojko ns'keq[k ls igyh eqykdkr vDVwcj 1993 esay[kuÅ esa gqbZ FkhA rc os yk Iykl ds ,d ¶ySV esa jgk djrs FksAigyh gh eqykdkr esa muds lgt vkSj ljy O;fäRo us viuk eueksg fy;kA blds ckn xkgs&cxkgs muls eqykdkr gksrh jghA ysfdupsgjs ij mudh eqLdku lnk cuh jghA muds O;fäRo esa dksbZcukoVhiu ugha FkkA lgtrk mudh 'kf[l;r dk lkSan;Z FkhA ;ghotg gS fd muds fy, u;k gks ;k iqjkuk] ,d cjkcj FkkAHkkjrh;rk mudh jx&jx esa FkhA fiNys fnuksa tc ofj"B i=kdkjjkecgknqj jk; dks jkekuankpk;Z lEeku feyk rks xkft;kckn dsesokM+ baLVhVîwV ds lHkkxkj esa ckck Hkh ekStwn FksA eap ls jkecgknqjjk; us ftu nks yksxksa dk uke fy;k Fkk] muesa ls ,d ;knojkons'keq[k dk gh uke FkkA dSalj tSlh ?kkrd chekjh ls os fiNys rhulkyksa ls tw> jgs FksA ysfdu muds psgjs ij ihM+k dk dksbZ va'k ughaFkk vkSj uk gh dksbZ vQlksl---fd ftanxh muds gkFkksa ls jsr dhekfuan fQly jgh gS--vius lgt vankt esa os dg Hkh nsrs Fks fdmUgksaus Hkjiwj ftanxh th gS vkSj mUgsa dksbZ eyky ugha gSa---vxLr2012 esa okRlY; xzke] oànkou esa Hkkuqizrki 'kqDy dh t;arh eukbZxbZ Fkh rks ogka Hkh ckck gkftj Fks vkSj iwjs dk;ZØe esa ltxekStwnxh ds lkFk cus jgsA

dqN viuh O;Lrrkvksa vkSj fjgk;'k dh nwjh dh otg lsckck ls lkyksa rd eqykdkr ugha gksrh Fkh] ysfdu tc Hkh os feyrsFks] gj ckj ;gh Mj gksrk Fkk fd bl ckj 'kk;n os u igpkusaA fnYyhesa u igpkuuk tSls cM+s yksxksa dh 'kf[l;r dk ,d fgLlk gSAysfdu ckck gj ckj bl vk'kadk dks xyr lkfcr djrs vkSj mlhvkReh;rk ls gkypky iwNrs] tSls 1993 esa igyh eqykdkr esa iwNkFkkA dSalj ls muds xzLr gksus dh [kcj ds ckn muls feyus dhmEehn cka/k j[kh FkhA ysfdu izd`fr vkSj gksuh ds vkxs fdlh dhpyh gS Hkyk--Ng twu dks fofn'kk ls fnYyh ykSV jgk Fkk rks Qslcqdds tfj, ckck ds uk jgus dh [kcj feyh rks 21 lkyksa dk NqViqVkfdarq xgjk ljksdkjh fj'rk ,d&,ddj ;kn vkus yxkA ckck vcvuar esa lek pqds gSa--ysfdu mudk 'kjhj fnYyh ds esfMdy dsNk=kksa dks Hkkoh ftanfx;ka laokjus dh lh[k dk tfj;k curk jgsxkA

ys[kd Vsyhfotu i=kdkj vkSj LraHkdkj gSaA

}kjk t;izdk'k] nwljk ry] fudV f'koeafnj

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106


if=dk ppkZleh{kd% Jhdkar flag

ra=krk izkfIr ds i'pkr Hkkjr eas i=k&if=kdkvksa ds fodkl ds

fy;s u;s&u;s volj feyus yxsA mUuhloha 'krkCnh ds

vfUre n'kd esa ;gh fLFkfr bysDVªkfud ehfM;k dks Hkh izkIr gksus

yxhA lwpuk rduhd esa gksus okys u;s&u;s vkfo"dkjksa ls fizUV ,oa

bysDVªkfud ehfM;k dk Lo#i fujUrj vxzlj gksrk x;kA jk"Vªh;

fodkl dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, pSuyksa ij fo'ks"khd`r dk;ZØe izlfjr

gksus yxs rks fizUV ehfM;k esa ,d gh lekpkj i=k esa fofo/k fo"k;ksa ij

dsfUnzr if=kdk;s Hkh izdkf'kr gksus yxh tSls d`f"k] foKku] LokLF;]

m|ksx]O;kikj] lkfgR;] laxBu vkfnA rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ehfM;k dk

vusd n`f"V;ksa ls foLrkj vkSj izHkko c<+rk x;kA mlds cqfu;knh lksp

esa Hkh vusd ifjorZu n`f"Vxr gksus yxsA [kcjksa dks luluh[kst

cukdj izLrqr djuk ,d izdkj ls Hkkjrh; ehfM;k dh igpku fujUrj

udkjkRed gksrh tk jgh gSA bl rF; ij gekjs iwoZ jk"Vªifr Lo- MkW- ,-

ihts- dyke us fpUrk Hkh izdV dh FkhA mUgksaus dgk Fkk êq>s crk;sa

;gk¡ ehfM;k bruk udkjkRed D;ksa gS\ ge vius Hkkjr esa viuh

[kwfc;ksa vkSj dke;kfc;ksa dks crkus esa >sirs D;ksa gSA ge brus egku

ns'k esa gSaA bruh vk'p;Z pfdr djus okyh gekjh miyfC/k;k¡ gS ij

ge mUgsa udkjrs D;ksa gSaA iz'kklfud vf/kdkfj;ksa dh f[kapkbZ djuk]

iqfyl dh dfe;ksa dks fudkyuk] fdlh nq?kZVuk dh ftEesnkjh ljdkjh

rU=k ij Mkydj mls luluh [kst :i esa is'k djuk D;k ;gh ehfM;k

dk mÙkjnkf;Ro jg x;k gSA 'kk;n bldh cqfu;kn gekjs ijrU=k thou

ls tqM+h gSA* ,sls gh vusdks iz'uksa ij ^lkfgR; ve`r* ds ehfM;k

fo'ks"kkad esa izdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA ^lkfgR; ve`r* chl o"kZ dk gks x;k

gS ;g ehfM;k ,oa lkfgR; txr ds fy;s vR;Ur g"kZ dk fo"k; gSA

bl vad esa ns'k ds [;kfryC/k 67 ehfM;k ,oa lapkj fonksa ds

ehfM;k ds fofHkUu i{kksa ij izdk'k Mkyus okys vkys[k lewps ehfM;k

txr txr ds fy;s vR;Ur gh mi;ksxh gSA if=kdk ds vkjEHk esa tgk¡

x.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ }kjk lEikfnr izrki dh uhfr dh ppkZ gS ogha

lqizfl) fo}ku MkW- d`".k fcgkjh feJ }kjk fgUnh i=kdkfjrk dk

laf{kIr fdUrq xgu bfrgkl dk foospu gSA Lokra=;ksÙkj i=kdkfjrk esa

fizUV ,oa bysDVªkfud nksuksa fo/kkvksa ij izdk'k Mkyk x;k gS ftlesa ;g

Li"V fd;k x;k gS fd pSuyksa esa dk;Zjr U;wt ,adj dh ped ned

lekpkj i=k if=kdkvksa dh nqfu;k ls csgrj gSA bl vad esa bl ckr ij

Hkh tksj fn;k x;k gS fd ehfM;k esa dke djus okys yksx cM+s dfeVsM

,oa lekt ds izfr tkx#d gSaA jke cgknqj jk; dk tgk¡ isM U;wt ij

lkjxfHkZr vkys[k gS ogha iq"is'k iUr }kjk vUrjk"Vªh; ehfM;k dh

pqukSrh ij fo'kn ppkZ dh xbZ gSA i=kdkfjrk dh vf/kdka'k leL;kvksa

ij bl if=kdk esa izdkf'kr vkys[kksa dk ladyu fd;k x;k gSA fo"k;

fo'ks"kKksa }kjk fo"k;ksa dk p;u Hkh dkQh egRoiw.kZ gSA ehfM;k dk

fujUrj cnyrk gqvk psgjk ,oa ehfM;k dh xksf"B;ksa esa ppkZ ds fcUnq

gksrs gS mUgsa Hkh egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k x;k gSA cky i=kdkfjrk] fQYe

i=kdkfjrk] vijk/k] [ksy i=kdkfjrk] vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk dk Lo#i

vfHkO;fDr dh vktknh] foKku i=kdkfjrk vkfn fo"k;ksa dh ppkZ

i=kdkfjrk ds fofo/k vk;ke ,oa vuq'kklu dks js[kakfdr djrh gSA

i=kdkfjrk dh Hkk"kk] dkVwZu dh fo/kk ds lkFk lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk dks

Hkh cM+s gh euksje <ax ls izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA vkt i=kdkfjrk esa

midj.k ds #i esa eksckby dk izpyu cgqr rsth ls c<+ jgk gSA lksly

ehfM;k dk fujUrj izHkko lekt dks viuh rjQ vkdf"kZr djus yxk

gS ,slh fLFkfr esa ^lsYQh 'kkSd ls fMIykseslh rd* uked vkys[k esa bls

dwVuhfr dk v/;k; ekuk x;k gSA

vkt i=kdkfjrk igys tSlh ugha jg xbZ gSA lwpuk

izkS|ksfxdh ds vuqiz;ksx ds ifj.kke Lo#i i=kdkfjrk dk Lo#i

fujUrj cnyrk tk jgk gSA ehfM;k dh fo'oluh;rk ij Hkh iz'ufpUg

[kM+s gksrs jgrs gaSA dHkh&dHkh yxrk gS fd ehfM;k vius uSfrd ewY;ksa ls

le>kSrk djus yxk gS ftlls mldh lk[k fxjus yxh gS vkfn ckrksa dks

vyx&vyx <ax ls fo}kuks ls vius&vius vkys[k esa izLrqr fd;k gSA

;g fo'ks"kkad ehfM;k ij vk/kkfjr gSA blesa izdkf'kr

lkexzh lelkef;d n`f"Vdks.k dks /;ku esa j[kdj oLrqfLFkfr ds

vuq#i gSA ehfM;k dfeZ;ksa] 'kks/kkfFkZ;ksa] v/;srkvksa] ehfM;k ds

fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s ;g vad vR;Ur mi;ksxh ,oa ekxZn'khZ gksus ds

dkj.k laxzg.kh; gSAys[kd ehfM;k foe'kZ ds laiknd gSaA

laxzg.kh; nLrkost gS ^lkfgR; ve`r* dk ehfM;k fo'ks"kkadLo

if=kdk %

laiknd%

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iqLrd leh{kkleh{kd& lqHknzk jkBkSj

ekjk /;s; laLd`fr dk laj{k.k ek=k ugha] vfirq mls xfr

nsdj ltho o l{ke cukuk gSA mlds vk/kkj ij jk"Vª dh

/kkj.kk gks vkSj gekjk lekt LoLFk ,oa fodklksUeq[k thou

O;rhr dj lds] bldh O;oLFkk djuh gSA bl n`f"V ls gesa vusd

:f<+;k¡ lekIr djuh gksaxh] cgqr ls lq/kkj djus gksaxsA tks gekjs

ekuo dk fodkl vkSj jk"Vª dh ,dkRerk dh o`f) esa iks"kd gks] og

ge djsaxs vkSj blesa tks ck/kd gks] mls gVk,axsA----- gesa vius jk"Vª

ds fojkV dks tkx`r djus dk dke djuk gSA vius izkphu xkSjo dk

Hkko ysdj] orZeku dk ;FkkFkZoknh vkdyu dj vkSj Hkfo"; dh

egRokdka{kk ysdj ge bl dk;Z esa tqV tk,¡A ge Hkkjr dks u rks

fdlh iqjkus le; dh izfrPNk;k cukuk pkgrs gSa vkSj u :l ;k

vesfjdk dh vuqd`frAÞ

mi;qZDr dFku leqPp; gS iz[;kr jk"Vªoknh fpard ia-

nhun;ky mik/;k; th dkA bldh izR;sd iafDr Lo;a izek.k gS fd

D;ksa mUgsa ^Hkkjrh;rk dk lapkjd* dgk tkrk gSA Lons'k ds izfr

vifjfer Lusg] J)k] leiZ.k o xoZ&xkSjo dk HkkoA Jh lat;

f}osnh }kjk laikfnr xzaFk ^Hkkjrh;rk dk lapkjd% ia- nhun;ky

mik/;k;* mUgsa lexzrk esa ns[kus dh ps"Vk gSA cgqvk;keh ,oa

vlk/kkj.k izfrHkk ds /kuh ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; dks flQZ fcanqvksa

esa gh lesVus dk iz;kl fd;k tk,] rc Hkh dbZ iafDr;k¡ de iM+saxhA

nyh; n`f"V ls mudk ifjp; la?k izpkjd ds :i esa ns nsuk] muds

foLrkj dks vR;ar vYi dj nsrk gSA ekuooknh] ,dkReoknh bl

egku O;fDrRo dk lh/kk&lPpk ifjp; gSA ,d ,sls jk"VªHkDr dk

tks nyh; gncUnh ls Åij mBdj] gj gky esa vius jk"Vª dk fgr

pkgrk gSA mldk eUrO; vkSj xUrO; flQZ vkSj flQZ jk"Vª gS]

cfYd og rks O;fDr] ifjokj] lekt] jk"Vª dk fparu djrs gq,

fo'o /kjkry ij tk igq¡prk gSA olq/kSo dqVqEcde~A ekuo ek=k dk

dY;k.k gksA ;gh rks gS mudk vn~Hkqr ,dkRe ekuookn(

ru&eu&cqf)&vkRek ds leUo; ls cus euq"; esa varr% ,dkRerk

gSA Hksn ckgj dk gS] Hkhrj dk ughaA lc ,d gSaA Hkkjrh;rk ls tk,]

rks la?k"kZ dSlk\ mik/;k; th nwjnz"Vk Fks] LoIu Hkh ns[krs FksA Hkkjr

iq"V cus] ij dSls\ Lora=krk rks fey xbZ] fdarq vc ns'k D;k djs\

fdl fn'kk esa tk,\ dSls tk,\ uhfr D;k gks\ bl vksj lkspk vkSj

fd;k tk jgk Fkk] ij blls iafMr th larq"V ugha FksA mudk fparu

jk"Vª izsfjr FkkA ns'k izxfr&iFk ij c<+s] vk/kkj ^Lo* dk gksA fons'kh

uhfr;ksa dk va/kkuqdj.k mUgsa lkyrk FkkA Qyr% mudh vFkZuhfr]

lektuhfr] jktuhfr vkSj reke uhfr;ksa dk mRl ns'k gh cukA BsB

Hkkjrh;A vaxzstksa ds tkus ds ckn vaxzsft;r vFkok ik'pkR; ls

vikj Lusg j[kus okys Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy, uthj gSa iafMr nhun;ky

mik/;k;] ftuesa vius ns'k ds izfr vVwV J)k Hkko gS] leiZ.k gS]

fo'okl gSA muesa iz'u Hkh gSa fd tc Hkkjrh; laLd`fr bruh mnkÙk]

izcy vkSj Å¡pkbZ fy, gq, gS] rc mldh mis{kk D;ksa\ viuh

ijaijkvksa esa tks Js"B O;kIr gS] mldk vuqdj.k D;ksa ugha\ blh

psruk ds lkFk mHkjk fparu mUgsa Hkkjrh;rk dk izcy lapkjd

?kksf"kr djrk gSA

ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; dh igpku ys[kd] i=kdkj]

laxBd] iz[kj oDrk ds lkFk vPNs Jksrk o ikBd dh Hkh jgh gSA

lR; dk izseh] 'kqfprk dk vkxzghA deZB] fu"Bkoku] fu"i{k]

lkQ&lqFkjk] mnkj O;fDrRoA ikaptU;] Lons'k] jk"Vª/keZ esa mudh

i=kdkfjrk dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ;gk¡ ewY; gSa] nqjkxzg ;k iwokZxzg

ughaA muds fy, jktuhfr lÙkk dk lk/ku ugha jghA mudk vkjk/;

rks ekuo Fkk] ftl Hkh ek/;e ls mldk dY;k.k l/k tk,A ;gh

otg gS fd muds /kqj fojks/kh ny ds O;fDr Hkh mudk yksgk vo';

ekurs FksA mUgsa lgt lEeku nsus okyksa esa MkW- jkeeuksgj yksfg;k

'kkfey Fks] rks dkaxzslh fnXxt MkW- laiw.kkZuan Hkh] ftUgksaus ia-

nhun;ky dh iqLrd îkWfyfVdy Mk;jh* dh Hkwfedk lg"kZ fy[kh

FkhA

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gS\ dbZ [;kfruke ys[kdksa] fopkjdksa] egkuqHkkoksa ds ys[kksa dk

lap;u ^Hkkjrh;rk dk lapkjd ia- nhun;ky mik/;k;* muds

Hkkjrh;rk ds fy, lathouh gS ;g iqLrd^^g

iqLrd %

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O;fDrRo& d`frRo ij izLrqr ,dkxz gSA fu%lansg ;g ifjp;kRed

miØe cgqmi;ksxh gSA ;gk¡ mu ij dsfUnzr leLr lkefxz;ksa dks

lqO;ofLFkr rjhds ls ik¡p Hkkxksa esa foHkDr fd;k x;k gSA Jh lat;

f}osnh ds lkjxfHkZr laikndh; ls izkjaHk gq, xzaFk esa izFke LFkku

^fopkj n'kZu* dks fn;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ ys[kdksa us iafMr th ds fopkjksa

o n'kZu ij izdk'k Mkyk gSA f}rh; [kaM esa lekfgr ys[k muds

^Hkkjrh; lapkjd* :i dh O;k[;k djrs gSaA ^nLrkost* [kaM esa MkW-

laiw.kkZuan dks i<+uk rks jkspd gksxk gh] lkFk gh mlesa ek-l-

xksyoydj] ukukth ns'keq[k ,oa Lo;a ia- nhun;ky }kjk fy[ks x;s

ys[k Hkh ;Fkkor izdkf'kr gSaA Ô;k[;ku* [kaM ia- nhun;ky

mik/;k; ds O;k[;kuksa dk ladyu gS] ftuds ek/;e ls mudh

O;fDrxr /kkj.kkvksa] fparu /kkjkvksa dks izR;{kr% le>k tk ldrk

gSA ^jk"Vªokn dh lE;d vo/kkj.kk*] ^,dkRe ekuookn*] Ô;f"V]

lef"V&ijesf"V* muds O;kid jk"Vªoknh n`f"Vdks.k dh vfHkO;fDr

gSaA ^;qxkuqdwy vFkZ jpuk* esa mudk lqfopkfjr vFkZosÙkk Lo:i

>kadrk gSA ikBd bl xzaFk ds okrk;u ls iafMr th dk

vkdyu&fo'ys"k.k dj ldrs gSa] mUgsa tku&le> ldrs gSaA ckotwn

blds] ;fn muds fo"k; esa vkSj T;knk dh ftKklk gks rks vafre [kaM

esa lgstk x;k ^nhun;ky lkfgR;% lanHkZ* Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

blesa bu ij dsfUnzr izdkf'kr&vizdkf'kr lkfgR; dk foLrkjiwoZd

C;kSjk ns fn;k x;k gSA

vafre ckr ;g gS fd ;g ,dkxz fu%lansg iBuh; gS]

ikBdksa ls bl vis{kk ds lkFk fd os fdlh [kkl jax dk p'ek

igudj] iwokZxzg ikydj b/kj n`f"Vikr u djsaA dqN O;fDrRo bu

lcls ijs gksrs gSa] mUgsa jk"Vª vkSj fo'o ds lanHkZ o ifjizs{; esa j[kdj

ns[kuk pkfg,A ;fn vkiesa ^,dkRe&Hkko* gS rks mUgsa ;gk¡ i<+uk]

le>uk vkSj lquuk #fpdj gksxkA ca/kqRo] Lusg] lgvfLrRo dh

Hkkouk ds lkFk mudk vkdyu djsaA vki muds dk;y gq, fcuk u

jgsaxsA fQj] Lora=krk ds dqN gh cjlksa esa iafMr th ds euksefLr"d

eas tks fpark,¡ O;kIr Fkha] os frjksfgr dgk¡ gqbZ gSa\ ns'k fodkl'khy gS]

pqukSfr;k¡ vikj gSaA vkarfjd Hkh] ckg~; HkhA ,sls esa muds }kjk

O;Dr fopkj] ftleas O;kogkfjdrk gS] rkfdZdrk gS vkSj gS lPpk

fnXn'kZu Hkh] rc mUgsa D;ksa u viuk;k tk,\ mu rd igq¡puk

vrhr dh ;k=kk ek=k ugha gS] muls lw=k ysdj Hkfo"; dk etcwr

rkuk&ckuk cquuk Hkh gSA ,d lnh iwoZ ds gksdj Hkh muds fparu esa

i;kZIr vk/kqfudrk gSA os dkykrhr ugha] vkt Hkh mudk egRo

lkoZHkkSfed gS] lkoZdkfyd gSA vLrq] c/kkbZ ds ik=k gSa laiknd Jh

lat; f}osnh] ftUgksaus cM+s ifjJe ls ;g d`fr rS;kj dh gSA ewY;ksa ls

pwd jgs gj /kM+s ds fy,] gkaQ jgh Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ds fy, fuf'pr

gh ;g fdrkc lathouh gS] nhif'k[kk gSA


109

yksdpsruk dk jk"Vªh; ekfld

laiknd % fd'ku dkyt;h

,d vad% okf"kZd lnL;rk%

laidZ%

bZ&esy%

25 #- 300 #i;s

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[email protected]

lcyksx

vk;kstufjiksVZ% jktsUnz flag

cLrh 23 vxLrA LFkkuh; ,-ih-,u-ih-th- dkyst esa vkpk;Z jkepUnz

'kqDy ifj"kn }kjk rqylh t;Urh dk dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA

dk;ZØe dk lapkyu djrs gq, MkW- jktsUnz flag us loZizFke ifj"kn ds

v/;{k Mk- vfuy ekS;Z dks xksLokeh rqylhnkl dh izfrek ij

ekY;iZ.k ds fy, vkeaf=kr fd;k ,oa eq[; oDrk f'kf'kj f}osnh dks ek¡

ljLorh ,oa ifj"kn~ ds ofj"B lnL; MkW- jke tue flag dks xksLokeh

dh izfrek ij ekY;iZ.k ds fy, vkeaf=kr fd;kA ifj"kn~ ds ofj"B

lnL; Mk- jke tue flag us Hkh ekY;kiZ.k dj dk;ZØe dk izkjEHk

fd;kA dk;ZØe dks vkxs c<+krs gq, lapkyd jktsUnz flag us ôrZeku

ifjos'k esa xksLokeh rqylhnkl dh izklafxdrk* ij ppkZ djrs gq,

f'kf'kj f}osnh dks fo"k; izorZu ds fy, vkeaf=kr fd;kA

dk;ZØe esa fo"k; izorZu djrs gq, f'kf'kj f}osnh us dgk fd

lqizfl) fpUrd lquhfr dqekj pVthZ us rqylhnkl ls lEc) ,d ys[k

esa fy[kk Fkk fd ^16oha 'krh esa rhu egku foHkwfr iSnk gqbZ] lezkV

vdcj] egkjk.kk izrki vkSj rqylhnklA vkt pkj lkS o"kksZa ckn

lezkV vdcj bfrgkl esa fleV dj jg x;s gSa] egkjk.kk izrki

ns'kHkfDr dk ikB i<+kus esa ;kn fd, tkrs gSaA fdUrq rhljk O;fDr tks

u dgha dk jktk Fkk] u egkjktk ;k lezkV Fkk & og yxkrkj viuh

izklafxdrk cuk;s gq;s vkt Hkh lokZf/kd yksdfiz; vkSj ?kj&?kj esa ;kn

fd;k tkrk gSA

Mk- jketue flag us xksLokeh th dh ppkZ djrs gq, dgk fd

rqylhnkl dk fpUru yksd eaxy rFkk lkekftd folaxfr;ksa ds fo#)

gh rqylhnkl jfpr jkepfjr ekul vUurdky rd izklafxd jgsxhA

MkW- jktu JhokLro us jkepfjr ekul dks vUrjk"Vªh; Lrj ij izHkkoh

rFkk bldh egÙkk ij ppkZ dhA

dk;ZØe esa ;qod dkaxzsl ds ftyk/;{k vadqj oekZ us

fp=kdwV esa rqylhnkl ls tqM+h viuh dqN Le`fr;ksa dh ppkZ dh vksj

dgk v;ks/;k ds jke dks Hkxoku jke ds :i esa vke tuekul esa

izLrqr djus dk vrqyuh; dk;Z xksLokeh th us fd;k gSA dk;ZØe esa

v/;{kh; mn~cks/ku djrs MkW- vfuy ekS;Z us lHkh mifLFkfr lnL;ksa ,oa

vfrfFk;ksa dk vkHkkj O;Dr fd;kA dk;ZØe esa xksj[k izlkn ;kno]

ioulqr vks>k] vo/ks'k feJ ^ckck*] vrqy jko] jtuh'k vxzgfj]

j?kqjkt JhokLro] lfpu 'kqDyk] gfj ukjk;.k mik/;k;] dkS'kysUnz

flag] iznhi ;kno vkfn mifLFkr jgsA

yksd eaxy ds lk/kd Fks xksLokeh rqylhnkl

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