8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
1/18
Types of Non-verbal
Communication
Non-Verbal Communication
Vocalics
Oculesics
Kinesics
Proxemics
Chronemics
Haptics
Clothing
Artefacts
8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
2/18
Vocalics (Paralanguage)
Deals with the extra-
linguistic aspects ofcommunication. Itconcerns voice ratherthan words. e.g. Yawning
to indicate tiredness orboredom; belching afterfood or drink to show onehas eaten to his fill.
Paralanguage also include such vocal characteristics asrate (speed of speaking), pitch (highness or lowness of
tone), volume (loudness) and quality (pleasing or
unpleasant sound). Any or all of these added to words,
modify meaning.
8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
3/18
Kinesics (Body Language)
Emblems: are bodymovements that directly
translate into words e.g.
holding your fingers to show
how many of something youwant.
Illustrators: they accent,
emphasise or reinforcewords e.g. pointing down
the road with finger when
giving direction to
someone.
8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
4/18
Regulators: control the
back-and-forth flow of
speaking and listening.
e.g. when a teacher
points at the student
who should speak next in
the class.
Displays of feelings:
show through facial
expressions and bodymovements, how
intensely a person is
feeling.
8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
5/18
Adaptors: are used to adjust to
communication situation. They vary and
specific to each persons own needs and the
communication situation, these make it
difficult to classify or describe generally. For
example you have rented an apartment, andyour mother comes to visit you. While she is
there, she spends time moving objects and
furniture around. This may mean that you are
not very tidy. On another level, she may be
saying you are still her child and that she, your
mother, is still in change.
8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
6/18
Oculesics (Eye Language):Message are conveyed through
the eyes by way of contact, blinks, eye movement and
pupil dilation.1. give the greenlight
or declare the
communication channel
open.2. seek and provide
reaction in form of feedback
3. signal the intention to
be involved or included in a
discussion.4. gaze at, or probe into, and provoke anxiety in others.
5. indicate disavowal of all social contacts and put others
off
6. show excitement at getting a gift you want.
8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
7/18
Chronemics deals with the mans use of time. The
use of time and attitude to it communicate a lot. A
student who comes late to class may mean he is notinterested in the class or does not have respect for
the instructor.
Time differs greatly
from one culture to
another. African
concept of time
seems to encouragelate coming. Germans
and Americans are
known for
punctuality
8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
8/18
Haptics (Touch):
Touch may take the
form of stroking, a
handshake, patting
on the back etc.
Touch or tactilecommunication can
be used to improve
interpersonal
relationship.
However, it can be abused if and when used to take
advantage of others, particularly members of the
opposite sex.
8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
9/18
Functional-
Professional
Touch: physical
examination by a
doctor or a nurse.
Social-Polite
Touch: toacknowledge
someone e.g.
handshake.
8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
10/18
Friendship-Warmth
Touch: hugs and casual
kisses between
friends.
Love-Intimacy Touch:
Parents stroke their
children, spouses kiss.
Sexual arousal Touch:
Used as an expression
of physical attraction.
8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
11/18
Proxemics (Territoriality): Is the communication
through the use of space and distance.
Intimate distance Personal distance
Not more than 18 inches
apartFrom 18 inches to 4 feet
8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
12/18
Social distance Public distanceRanges is between 4 to 12 feet
More than 12 feet
8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
13/18
Artefacts: This is the use of
codes and symbols to
convey messages. Artefactsare products of mans
designs and are used to
reflect the personality of
either the designer or theperson for whom they are
designed. Porcelain mugs,
flower choice and
arrangement, plates andornaments; colour
combinations, furniture
types and arrangement are
communicative artefacts.
8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
14/18
Clothing: Projects a message, and by choosing particular
clothing, the wearer commits him/herself to the
statements the clothing makes.
Uniform
Asserts the presence of
social controls in the work
place. The uniform
precludes the intrusion of
personal considerations;thus, interaction tends to
be formal, structured and
controlled.
8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
15/18
Occupational clothing
Conveys organisational
affiliation without the
power revealed by
uniforms.
It permits the intrusionof norms from outside
the group or
organisation. It facilitates
interaction with thecustomers or clients and
places interaction on the
desired level of intimacy.
8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
16/18
Leisure Clothing
Announces a respitefrom work, social
mobility, the
expression of moods
and identity, loosestructure and great
autonomy. It declares
an absence of social
controls of the workplace. Interaction here
is open and lacks most
formality, structure
and control.
8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
17/18
Costumes
Symbolise doing awaywith the ordinary social
relationships and
engagement inextraordinary and
spontaneous
behaviours.
Conventional socialstructure, formality and
control vanishes.
8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2
18/18
Attractiveness and
body adornments