Media of Mass Communication 2

8/8/2019 Media of Mass Communication 2

1/18

Types of Non-verbal

Communication

Non-Verbal Communication

Vocalics

Oculesics

Kinesics

Proxemics

Chronemics

Haptics

Clothing

Artefacts


2/18

Vocalics (Paralanguage)

Deals with the extra-

linguistic aspects ofcommunication. Itconcerns voice ratherthan words. e.g. Yawning

to indicate tiredness orboredom; belching afterfood or drink to show onehas eaten to his fill.

Paralanguage also include such vocal characteristics asrate (speed of speaking), pitch (highness or lowness of

tone), volume (loudness) and quality (pleasing or

unpleasant sound). Any or all of these added to words,

modify meaning.


3/18

Kinesics (Body Language)

Emblems: are bodymovements that directly

translate into words e.g.

holding your fingers to show

how many of something youwant.

Illustrators: they accent,

emphasise or reinforcewords e.g. pointing down

the road with finger when

giving direction to

someone.


4/18

Regulators: control the

back-and-forth flow of

speaking and listening.

e.g. when a teacher

points at the student

who should speak next in

the class.

Displays of feelings:

show through facial

expressions and bodymovements, how

intensely a person is

feeling.


5/18

Adaptors: are used to adjust to

communication situation. They vary and

specific to each persons own needs and the

communication situation, these make it

difficult to classify or describe generally. For

example you have rented an apartment, andyour mother comes to visit you. While she is

there, she spends time moving objects and

furniture around. This may mean that you are

not very tidy. On another level, she may be

saying you are still her child and that she, your

mother, is still in change.


6/18

Oculesics (Eye Language):Message are conveyed through

the eyes by way of contact, blinks, eye movement and

pupil dilation.1. give the greenlight

or declare the

communication channel

open.2. seek and provide

reaction in form of feedback

3. signal the intention to

be involved or included in a

discussion.4. gaze at, or probe into, and provoke anxiety in others.

5. indicate disavowal of all social contacts and put others

off

6. show excitement at getting a gift you want.


7/18

Chronemics deals with the mans use of time. The

use of time and attitude to it communicate a lot. A

student who comes late to class may mean he is notinterested in the class or does not have respect for

the instructor.

Time differs greatly

from one culture to

another. African

concept of time

seems to encouragelate coming. Germans

and Americans are

known for

punctuality


8/18

Haptics (Touch):

Touch may take the

form of stroking, a

handshake, patting

on the back etc.

Touch or tactilecommunication can

be used to improve

interpersonal

relationship.

However, it can be abused if and when used to take

advantage of others, particularly members of the

opposite sex.


9/18

Functional-

Professional

Touch: physical

examination by a

doctor or a nurse.

Social-Polite

Touch: toacknowledge

someone e.g.

handshake.


10/18

Friendship-Warmth

Touch: hugs and casual

kisses between

friends.

Love-Intimacy Touch:

Parents stroke their

children, spouses kiss.

Sexual arousal Touch:

Used as an expression

of physical attraction.


11/18

Proxemics (Territoriality): Is the communication

through the use of space and distance.

Intimate distance Personal distance

Not more than 18 inches

apartFrom 18 inches to 4 feet


12/18

Social distance Public distanceRanges is between 4 to 12 feet

More than 12 feet


13/18

Artefacts: This is the use of

codes and symbols to

convey messages. Artefactsare products of mans

designs and are used to

reflect the personality of

either the designer or theperson for whom they are

designed. Porcelain mugs,

flower choice and

arrangement, plates andornaments; colour

combinations, furniture

types and arrangement are

communicative artefacts.


14/18

Clothing: Projects a message, and by choosing particular

clothing, the wearer commits him/herself to the

statements the clothing makes.

Uniform

Asserts the presence of

social controls in the work

place. The uniform

precludes the intrusion of

personal considerations;thus, interaction tends to

be formal, structured and

controlled.


15/18

Occupational clothing

Conveys organisational

affiliation without the

power revealed by

uniforms.

It permits the intrusionof norms from outside

the group or

organisation. It facilitates

interaction with thecustomers or clients and

places interaction on the

desired level of intimacy.


16/18

Leisure Clothing

Announces a respitefrom work, social

mobility, the

expression of moods

and identity, loosestructure and great

autonomy. It declares

an absence of social

controls of the workplace. Interaction here

is open and lacks most

formality, structure

and control.


17/18

Costumes

Symbolise doing awaywith the ordinary social

relationships and

engagement inextraordinary and

spontaneous

behaviours.

Conventional socialstructure, formality and

control vanishes.


18/18

Attractiveness and

body adornments

Documents

Media of Mass Communication 2