March total ozone from GOME/SCIAMACHY
– High inter-annual ozone variability during winter/spring NH
– Combined effect from ozone transport and polar ozone loss
19971996 19991998
2001 2002 20032000
2007200620052004
total ozone and OClO 1996-2007
– Cold Arctic winters with low ozone and high chlorine: • 1996, 1997, 2000, (2003), 2005, 2007
– Warm Arctic winters with high ozone and little chlorine activation• 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2006
March total ozone
• SH October 1995-2006 • GOME/SCIAMACHY
Antarctic ozone hole “anomaly”
1010
– SH spring ozone is dominated by polar ozone loss (little variability from year to year
– Exception: ozone hole anomaly in 2002 related to the first observed major warmings in SH
ozone hole
Weber et al., 2003
Coupling of chemistry and transport
SH
NH
-weak Brewer-Dobson circulation-high PSC volume-high polar ozone loss
-strong Brewer-Dobson circulation-low PSC volume-enhanced ozone transport
Update Weber et al., 2003,WMO 2006
Coupling of chemistry and transport
SH
NH
Oct‘06
Oct‘02
Mar‘07
Mar‘99
-weak Brewer-Dobson circulation-high PSC volume-high polar ozone loss
-strong Brewer-Dobson circulation-low PSC volume-enhanced ozone transport
Update Weber et al., 2003,WMO 2006
Polar ozone and halogen loading
• Polar stratospheric halogen load in polar region near its maximum peak (stratospheric air age ~5-6 years) during GOME/SCIA observation period
GOME/SCIAMACHYpolar observation
stratospheric halogen load
Newmann et al., 2007
Solar activity from SCIAMACHY
• GOME1 and SCIAMACHY extend satellite observation of UV solar irradiance variations to nearly three decades
• Minimum of solar cycle 23 in 2007 shows higher activity than SC 21 and 22!
• SCIAMACHY is the first instrument to daily observe the sun in the visible and near IR spectral region
Skupin et al., Mem. Soc. Astronom. Italia, 2005;Adv. Space. Res., 2005
Mg II index: 280 nm
Solar activity from SCIAMACHY II
• First time estimation of spectral variations over a solar cycle in the visible and near IR
• Contributions from faculae (brightening) and sunspots (darkening) can be quantified!
• Spectral variations can be applied to climate models for studying the sun-climate interaction in the past and future using appropriate solar proxies
Mg II index: 280 nm
sunspotssunspots
faculaefaculae