March total ozone from GOME/SCIAMACHY

– High inter-annual ozone variability during winter/spring NH

– Combined effect from ozone transport and polar ozone loss

19971996 19991998

2001 2002 20032000

2007200620052004

total ozone and OClO 1996-2007

– Cold Arctic winters with low ozone and high chlorine: • 1996, 1997, 2000, (2003), 2005, 2007

– Warm Arctic winters with high ozone and little chlorine activation• 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2006

March total ozone

• SH October 1995-2006 • GOME/SCIAMACHY

Antarctic ozone hole “anomaly”

1010

– SH spring ozone is dominated by polar ozone loss (little variability from year to year

– Exception: ozone hole anomaly in 2002 related to the first observed major warmings in SH

ozone hole

Weber et al., 2003

Coupling of chemistry and transport

SH

NH

-weak Brewer-Dobson circulation-high PSC volume-high polar ozone loss

-strong Brewer-Dobson circulation-low PSC volume-enhanced ozone transport

Update Weber et al., 2003,WMO 2006

Coupling of chemistry and transport

SH

NH

Oct‘06

Oct‘02

Mar‘07

Mar‘99

-weak Brewer-Dobson circulation-high PSC volume-high polar ozone loss

-strong Brewer-Dobson circulation-low PSC volume-enhanced ozone transport

Update Weber et al., 2003,WMO 2006

Polar ozone and halogen loading

• Polar stratospheric halogen load in polar region near its maximum peak (stratospheric air age ~5-6 years) during GOME/SCIA observation period

GOME/SCIAMACHYpolar observation

stratospheric halogen load

Newmann et al., 2007

Solar activity from SCIAMACHY

• GOME1 and SCIAMACHY extend satellite observation of UV solar irradiance variations to nearly three decades

• Minimum of solar cycle 23 in 2007 shows higher activity than SC 21 and 22!

• SCIAMACHY is the first instrument to daily observe the sun in the visible and near IR spectral region

Skupin et al., Mem. Soc. Astronom. Italia, 2005;Adv. Space. Res., 2005

Mg II index: 280 nm

Solar activity from SCIAMACHY II

• First time estimation of spectral variations over a solar cycle in the visible and near IR

• Contributions from faculae (brightening) and sunspots (darkening) can be quantified!

• Spectral variations can be applied to climate models for studying the sun-climate interaction in the past and future using appropriate solar proxies

Mg II index: 280 nm

sunspotssunspots

faculaefaculae