doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-10-0149-01-0thzMarch 2010
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: Towards 100-Gbit/s Wireless Using Terahertz WavesDate Submitted: 9 March, 2010Source: Tadao Nagatsuma*, Yuichi Kado, Company NTT (* also with Osaka University)Address [1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan]Voice:[+81-6-6850-6335], FAX: [+81-6-6850-6335], E-Mail:[[email protected]]Re: IEEE 802 15 15 10 0149 00 0thRe: IEEE 802.15-15-10-0149-00-0thz
Abstract: Presentation of NTTs work towards 100-Gbit/s Wireless Using Terahertz Waves
Purpose: Information on development of future THz communication systemsPurpose: Information on development of future THz communication systemsNotice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right j g y ( ) ( ) gto add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
Submission Tadao Nagatsuma, NTTSlide 1
Slide Slide 11
1 1 Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka UniversityGraduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University22 NTT NTT MicrosystemMicrosystem Integration LaboratoriesIntegration Laboratories
Towards 100-Gbit/s Wireless Communications Using Terahertz Waves
65th IEEE 802.15 WPAN MEETING, THz-IG
Tadao Nagatsuma1,2 and Yuichi Kado2
March 15, 2010
Slide Slide 22
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
A. Hirata (NTT), T. Kosugi (NTT), H. Takahashi (NTT), H.-J. Song (NTT), K. Ajito (NTT), M. Yaita (NTT), N. Kukutsu (NTT),
T. Ishibashi (NTT Electronics), H. Ito (Kitasato U.)
Y. Fujimoto (Osaka U.), K. Miyake (Osaka U.), K. Takada (Osaka U.), M. Kawamura (Osaka U.)
Fuji Television Network Inc, NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation)
Part of this work was supported by “The R&D Project for Expansion of Radio Spectrum Resources” of The Ministry of Information and Communications in Japan, and by “The Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), 20246062, 2008”.
Members of Study Group on THz ICT at Kinki Bureau of Telecommunications in Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC)
Slide Slide 33
Outline
Background & Needs 10-G wireless with 120-GHz Bands Exploring 300-400 GHz Band Summary
Slide Slide 44
Background & Needs 10-G wireless with 120-GHz Bands Exploring 300-400 GHz Band Summary
Slide Slide 55
GEPON
BPONFastE
GbE
10GbE
100GbEEthernet
PON(Passive Optical Network)
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020Year
Spe
ed (G
bit/s
)
10GEPON
~10 times / 5 years
Trends in Wired Communications Trends in Wired Communications
Slide Slide 66
802.11 802.11b
802.16(WiMAX Fixed)
802.16e(WiMAX Mobile)
802.15.3c
802.11g
802.11n
Ethernet Wireless LAN/PAN
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020Year
Spe
ed (
Gbi
t/s)
FWA/FPU
Wireless Backhaul
60 GHz
120 GHz
60 GHz
PON
Trends in Wireless Communications Trends in Wireless Communications
>300 GHz??
Slide Slide 77
Current Applications of 10-G Wireless
10GbE
Fixed Wireless Access
OC-192
Disaster recoveryDisaster recovery
Remote medical treatmentRemote medical treatment
Live relay broadcastof sports events
Live relay broadcastof sports events
Temporal Wireless Link
High-definition (HD) TVs
Slide Slide 88
Multi-Channel Transmission of Uncompressed HDTV Data
Urgent Needs in Broadcast
Wireless Wireless ““Last OneLast One--milemile””
HDTV Signals1.5 Gbit/s/camera
Optical fiber
Broadcast Van(Relay Point)
TV Broadcast Station
Relay PointEvent Site
Ch1
Ch2
Ch6
Slide Slide 99
Gigabit Wireless in Home Networks Gigabit Wireless in Home Networks Transmission of uncompressed HD (High Definition) data
Wireless HD: 3.8 Gbit/s with 60 GHzPanasonic “VIERA”, Sony “BRAVIA”
Wireless HD Interface (WHDI): 1.5 Gbit/s with 5 GHzSharp “AQUOS”
WiGig Alliance: 6 Gbit/s with 60 GHz
>1.5 Gbit/s
Blu-ray DVDHDTV
No cables, No connectors
Slide Slide 1010
Next Generation HDTV Next Generation HDTV ““UHDUHD””Super Hi-Vision (Ultrahigh Definition) TV by NHK, Japan
7680 x 4320 resolutionUncompressed video signal: ~24 Gbit/s
Digital Cimena-4K (4096x2160)
HDTV 1080p (1920x1080)
NTSC (720x480)
HDTV 720p (1280x720)
Super Hi-Vision /Ultra-High Definition Video(7680x4320)
horizontal angle of view:100 o
Slide Slide 1111
Giga-IR
4.48GHz: 560 Mbit/sUnder-70dBm/MHz (average)Corresponds to low-intensity radio wave regulation
Infrared light data communicationwith laser diode:1 Gbit/s
Close Proximity Wireless Transfer
Link Distance:10 mm to 100 mm
Difficulty in beam positioning
Slide Slide 1212
School
Hospital
Office
Highly-realistic sensation teleconference, telemedicine, remote-education
Elimination of bottlenecks in the speed of wired and wirelesscommunications in the core/access networks
4K-TVUHD-TV
4K-TV
4K-TV
Future Applications (1)
Slide Slide 1313
Increasing needs in instantaneous transfer of high-volume storage data in consumer devices as well as in medical equipments
SD memory*
40-100Gbit/s (5-12.5GB/s)Proximity link
SSD memory
HD video
*Tera-bite standardized at 2009
Future Applications (2)
Tera Bite Peta Bite
Cloud Server Download
Slide Slide 1414
Medical sensors
OS1 ApS1ApS2 Data a
Data b Data c
UHDTVcamera
4K-cinema,UHDTV
Telemedicine
Instantaneous Data Transfer
OS1
Data a Data b
Data c
OS2
ApS3 ApS4
Data d
・・・
・・・
THz-waveAccess Point
THz-waveAccess Point
Optical Optical NetworkNetwork
Home
ApS1 ApS2
Business
Remote Robot Control
Outdoor・Disaster recovery・Live Broadcast
Indoor
Super-realityWireless Display
Wireless Cloud PC
3D Teleconference
Application Scene (THz ICT Study Group, Japan)
Slide Slide 1515
Towards 100 Gbit/s Wireless
Multi-value modulation at 60 GHz
Free-space optics (Infrared light)with WDM
Use of “terahertz” carrier frequencywith simple modulation format (ASK)
Not yet allocated for specific use at >275 GHz !!!
Slide Slide 1616
Dat
a R
ate
(Gbi
t/s)
10-1
1
10
1 10 100Carrier frequency (GHz)
10-2
10-3
50
5003G
Wireless LAN
Fixed wireless (p-p)
3.5G
WiMAX
Mobile phones
FPU
Wireless Data Rate vs. Carrier FrequencyWireless Data Rate vs. Carrier Frequency
Slide Slide 1717
1
10
102
103
104
105
0.1
106
100 200 300 500 1000 2000 3000
1 dB/10 m
Frequency (GHz)
Atte
nuat
ion
(dB
/km
)Atmospheric AttenuationAtmospheric Attenuation
Appropriate for100 m~1 kmtransmission
Future use
Slide Slide 1818
15nm InAlAs/InGaAs MHEMT
ft fmax(GHz) (GHz)
610 305
45nm SOI CMOS 485(NFET)345(PFET)
-
670(480) 350(420)
385 >1000
GaAsSb/InP DHBT
50nm InP HEMT#
Transistor Technology
35nm InP HEMT## 480 1200
## Amplifier:13-15 dB Gain @300-345 GHz
# Amplifier:12 dB Gain @335 GHz
Progress in Transistors and ICsProgress in Transistors and ICs
Slide Slide 1919Frequency (GHz)
Progress in Electronic Oscillators
InP HBT
InP HEMT
CMOS(20nW)
SiGe HBT
CMOS
100 200 300 400 500 600
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
Out
put P
ower
(dB
m)
RTD10 W
Slide Slide 2020
Laser Pointer USB
300GHzHorn Antenna
Like “IrDA” Module!
Small Antennas
120GHz Yagi-Uda Antenna
0.5 mm
0.5 mm
120GHz Patch Antenna
For GPSFor TV
300-500 GHz
+ MEMS & Metamaterials
Slide Slide 2121
Background & Needs 10-G wireless with 120-GHz Bands Exploring 300-400 GHz Band Summary
Slide Slide 2222
Millimeter-Wave Region(30GHz - 300 GHz)
10 100 10000.01
0.1
1
10
100
Frequency (GHz)
Atte
nuat
ion
Con
stan
t (dB
/km
)
H2O
H2O
4 20 40 200 400
O2 O2
H2O
120-160G
220-320G
75-100G
Choice of Radio-Waves: 120-GHz Band
Dry Air
Fog0.1g/m3
Usual Rain(a few mm/hr)
350-430G
Slide Slide 2323
Approaches: Electronics vs. PhotonicsApproaches: Electronics vs. Photonics
ElectricalRF signalgenerator
“Electronics” based Tx
THz wave
DATA signalAmplifier
Optical RF signalgenerator
Opticalmodulator
Optical signalElectrical signal
DATA signal
“Photonics (O/E)” based Tx
>1 THz >100 Gbit/s >1 THz
O/Econverter
>300 GHz
< 500 GHz <300 GHz
Electricalmodulator
< 40 Gbit/s
Coax/Waveguide
Amplifier
THz wave
Slide Slide 2424
・Output power: 10 mW, ~2 km・Power consumption: 600W
Receiver
Transmitter Transmitter Core
Photonic MMWGenerator
Data Modulator
・Output power: 10 mW, 2.2 km・Power consumption: 60 W
Mobility, PortabilityMobility, Portability
ControllerTransmitterTransmitter
2008/5
Easy set-up system(NTT Technical Review, vol. 7, no. 3, Mar. 2009)
2000-2002
Volume: 1/6Weight: 1/2
2004/7 2005/8
2007/1
Hardware Evolution in 10 years
Battery operationBattery operation
Photonics-based Transmitter
Electronics-based Transmitter
Slide Slide 2525
120-GHz-band System with Photonic Tx
A. Hirata et al., IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 54, pp. 1937-1944, 2006.
Optical signalElectrical signal
125 GHzOptical signal
Data signal(10 Gbit/s)
Basebandamplifier
Basebandamplifier
IN
OUT
125 GHz MMW signal
Opticalmodulator
Data signal(10 Gbit/s)
Optical MMW signal
generator
PD w/o orw/ amplifier Receiver
Slide Slide 2626
f0
RFNf0
Nf0
DCPassively
mode-locked laser
Laser diodeDC
Laser diodeDCCoupler
(Combiner)
Heterodyning two lasers~10 THz
Actively mode-locked laser~300 GHz
Passively mode-locked laser~1 THz
Activelymode-locked
laser
Optical MMW/THz Carrier Generators (1)Optical MMW/THz Carrier Generators (1)
Slide Slide 2727
Optical MMW/THz Carrier Generators (2)Optical MMW/THz Carrier Generators (2)
Wavelength
f0 Nf0
Wavelength
Optical frequency comb generator
(OFCG)“multi-wavelength source”
Nf0Opticalfilter
f0
RF
Phase mod. Intensity mod. Single-mode laser
f0
f0
Example of OFCG
Continuously tunableand stable
Slide Slide 2828
HighHigh--Power OPower O--E Converter E Converter ““UTCUTC--PDPD””
InP
Back Illumination
AR Coating
n-ohmicContact
V.B. C.B.
Electron
Hole
p-ohmic Contact
Diffusion Block Layer
Light Absorption Layer(p-InGaAs)
Carrier Collection Layer (n-InP)
Layer StructureLayer Structure Band DiagramBand Diagram
UTC-PD: Uni-Traveling-Carrier-Photodiode
Slide Slide 2929
Output Power from UTCOutput Power from UTC--PDsPDs
10 -3
10 -1
10 1
10 3
10 5
0.1 1
Max
imum
det
ecte
d po
wer
(W
)
Frequency (THz)
f -4
LT-GaAs
20 dB
pin PD
NTTUTC-PD(resonant)4)
1)
3)
4)0.3 0.5
UCLUTC-PD
(resonant)3)NTT
UTC-PD(resonant)2)
NTTUTC-PD
(wideband)1)
2)
Slide Slide 3030
120120--GHz EmitterGHz Emitter
Optical Fiber
Optical SignalSlot Antenna(774 x 95 mm2) PD Chip
Si-Lens
Antenna
Si Platform MMW Signal1 mm
Microwave Photonics 2000
Slide Slide 3131
120120--GHz Receiver for 10GHz Receiver for 10--Gbit/sGbit/s
Slot Ring Antenna
MMW SignalSchottky Barrier Diode Chip (InP)
Filter
Si-Lens
IF DataSignal
Si Platform
1 mm
IF Data
Slide Slide 3232
Antennas for Long Distance LinkAntennas for Long Distance Link
Lens Antenna
Feed Horn
Sub-THz
Dielectric Lens
0.2 m
Hyperbolic Subreflector
Parabolic Reflector
Feed Horn
Cassegrain Antenna
Slide Slide 3333
H. Ito et al., Electron. H. Ito et al., Electron. LettLett., 41, pp. 360., 41, pp. 360--362, 2005.362, 2005.
Output
Optical Input
(125GHz,10 Gbit/s)
OpticalInput
Output
0.5 mm
MSL Amplifier UTC-PD
DC Bias
120120--GHz Emitter for Long LinkGHz Emitter for Long Link
Hybrid integration with butt-joint structure
Slide Slide 3434
Demodulator(Schottky Barrier Diode)Pre-Amplifiers
From Antenna(125 GHz)
Data Output(10 Gbit/s)
MMIC
Packaged Module
Input Output
120120--GHz Receiver for Long LinkGHz Receiver for Long Link
Monolithic IC Receiver
Slide Slide 3535
0.1-m-gate InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT gm = 1.2 S/mm, ft = 170 GHz, fmax = 350 GHz MIM capacitor, double-layer interconnection process
with BCB
BCB
SiN/SiO2
0.1 m
Fully matured production level technology (NTT Electronics)
Electronic Devices: Electronic Devices: InPInP HEMTHEMT
Slide Slide 3636
Antenna (45-cm diameter)
Optical signal generator
Optical modulator andcontrol board
PD with amplifier
120-GHz Band Transmitter
A. Hirata et al., IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 54, pp.1937-1944, 2006.
Slide Slide 3737
Lab
ReceiverFiber:400 m
Air transmission:250 m
Fiber:50 m
Transmitter
Setup for Field Test
digital
analog
A. Hirata et al., IEEE J. Lightwave Tech., vol. 26, no. 15, pp. 2338-2344, 2008.
Slide Slide 3838
Transmission Characteristics
5X105X10--1414131333rdrd dayday
2X102X10--14145522ndnd dayday
1X101X10--14143311stst dayday
BERBERTotal Total
number of number of bit errorsbit errors
Fluctuations in received power: < 1 dB for 6 hours
BER of wireless link: < 1X10-13
-30
-29
-28
-27
Rec
eive
d po
wer
(dB
m)
Time11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00
Receiver power Bit error rate (BER)
Meets OC-192 and 10GbE standardsA. Hirata et al., IEEE J. Lightwave Tech., vol. 26, No. 15, pp. 2338-2344, 2008.
Slide Slide 3939
Multiplexed HDTV Wireless Transmission System
10GbE
Transmitter
O/E
Receiver
10GbE Switch10GbE
10GbE Switch
10GbE
120-GHz -bandMMW wireless link E/O
HD Camera HD Monitor
i-Visto i-Visto i-Visto i-Visto i-Visto i-Visto
• “i-Visto gateway” converts two HDTV video streams into IP packets and then multiplexes the packets using the 10 Gigabit Ethernet protocol.
• Packets from three i-Visto are multiplexed by a 10GbE switch.• Six channels of HDTV signals are transmitted as 10GbE signals
over the 120-GHz-band wireless link.
NTT Technical Review, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 64-70, 2006.
Slide Slide 4040
Control Unit(Optical Signal
Source)
Amp. PD
1:125 GHz(10Gb/s)TransmitterWDMFilter
2:90 GHz(5Gb/s)
3:30 GHz(1Gb/s)
Atte
nuat
ion
Con
st. (
dB/k
m)
10 100 1000Frequency (GHz)
H2O
H2O
20 40 200 400
O2 O2
H2O
110-150 GHz
75-100 GHz
30-40GHz
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
Multi-band System with Optical WDM
WDMSignal
Slide Slide 4141
XFP module(O/E)
DA
TA IN
Transmitter module
to antenna
Optical data (10-Gbit/s)
LO:15.625 GHz
Power amp. module
Transmitter MMIC
Multiplier(x4) MMIC
120 GHz with WR-8 waveguide (1 mW)
120 GHz with WR-8 waveguide
(10 mW)
LO:62.5GHz
Power amp.MMIC
LO signal IN
DATA IN
120-GHz-band Transmitter with Electronics
Battery operated
NTT Technical Journal, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 48–51, 2007 (in Japanese).
Slide Slide 424242
1010--Gbit/sGbit/selectrical signalelectrical signal
Cassegrain anntena
WaveguideWaveguide ((2 mm2 mm××1 mm)1 mm)
Bayonet mechanismBayonet mechanism
1010--Gbit/sGbit/soptical signaloptical signal
HDHD--SDI signalSDI signal
100100~~240 V AC240 V AC
Controller
PA module
15.625 GHz
Transmitter head
Txmodule
E/O
AC/DCController
O/E
Power supply
Controller
XFP
Camera cable( ~1km )
Controller Tx Frontend
Advanced All-Electronics System
NTT Technical Review, vol. 7, no. 3, Mar. 2009
Slide Slide 4343
-45 -40 -35
10-2B
it E
rror
Rat
e
Received Power (dBm)
10-4
10-6
10-8
10-10
10-12
Data rate:10.3125 Gbit/s
Minimum receivedpower: -38 dBm
Typical Performance
Slide Slide 4444
120 GHz-band link(distance 1 km)
InternationalBroadcast
Center
RF Tower
Specially built live-broadcast studio
(Beijing Media Center)
Beijing Olympic Park
Water Cube
Bird’s Nest
Fuji TV booth
Fuji TV (Japan)
Trials at Olympics: Configuration
TV programs with 120-GHz system
8/1 5 10 15 20 24
1
6
12
18
24Date
Tim
eof
day
NTT Technical Review, vol. 7, no. 3, Mar. 2009.
Slide Slide 4545
Trials at Olympics: Live-broadcasting
Fluctuations in received power (August 8, opening day of Olympics)
< 2dB
-31
-30
-29
-28
4 8 12 16 20 24
Rec
eive
d po
wer
(dB
m)
Time (hr)NTT Technical Review, vol. 7, no. 3, Mar. 2009.
Slide Slide 4646
Background & Needs 10-G wireless with 120-GHz Bands Exploring 300-400 GHz Band Summary
Slide Slide 4747
1 10 100 10000.01
0.1
10
100D
ata
Rat
e (G
bit/s
)
Carrier Frequency (GHz)
UWB@ 3-5 GHz
CMOS15 Gbit/s, 1m
@60 GHz
NTT-NHK10 Gbit/s, 3km
@120 GHz
1
Max. Data ratewith ASK in 10%-BW
Carrier Frequency vs. Data RateCarrier Frequency vs. Data Rate
Target
300-400 GHz
Slide Slide 4848
Objective ofObjective of 300300--GHz Band Wireless GHz Band Wireless
Examine “giga-bit” wireless link using full 300-400 GHz band
Photonics-based transmitter as technology demonstrator
Discuss possibility of >20-40 Gbit/s wireless
T. Nagatsuma et al., Tech. Dig. 2009 International Topical Meeting onMicrowave Photonics, 15 October, Session Th.2.
Slide Slide 4949
>40 GHz(24 Gbit/s)
>70 GHz(43 Gbit/s)
Pow
er
(a) Ultra-broadband channel
Carrier
2.5 GHz(1.5 Gbit/s)
Frequency
Pow
er
(b) Multiple giga-bit channels
Carrier
Possible Utilization of 300-400 GHz
UHD OC-768 HDTV
Slide Slide 5050
Oscillo-scope
Optical Amplifier
SBD
Optical Modulator
UTC-PDTerahertz Wave
Pulse-Pattern Generator
Wavelength-Tunable Laser
Wavelength-Tunable Laser
Horn AntennaPre-Amplifier
Limiting Amplifier
Bit ErrorDetector
Dielectric Lens
Transmitter Receiver
Experimental Wireless Link
Optical frequency
Optical frequency
1 0 1 1 0 0 1
f
fRadio frequency
2
1
IF frequency
IF frequency
Slide Slide 5151
p-dopedabsorption layer
un-dopedcollectionlayer
n-contactlayer
p-contactlayer
diffusion block layer
(C.B.)
(V.B.)
200 300 400 500 600Frequency (GHz)
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
un-dopedabsorption layer
Out
put p
ower
(dB
m) 500 W @20 mA
Modified UTC-PD (Composite Structure)
A. Wakatsuki et al.,IRMMW-THz 2008.
Slide Slide 5252
p
i (InGaAs)n
(b) Conventional pin
non-absorbedi (InP)
(a) Dual depletion pin
i (InGaAs)
p
n
p-dopedabsorber
(p-InGaAs)
non-absorbed
(c) UTC
i (InP)hole
electron
Light
i (InGaAs)non-
absorbed
(e) Modified UTC (composite)
i (InP)
(d) Partially doped absorber
n-dopedabsorber
(n-InGaAs)
p-dopedabsorber
(p-InGaAs)Light
Menu of “Hamburgers”
Slide Slide 5353
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
260 300 340 380 420
6 mA
10 mA
Frequency (GHz)
Det
ecte
d P
ower
(W
)Output Power at 300-400 GHz
270-410 GHz
Slide Slide 5454
Horn Antenna
Optical Fiber
PD Module
Dielectric Lens
Photo of Transmitter
Slide Slide 5555
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
0 400 800 1200 1600Frequency (MHz)
Rel
ativ
e R
espo
nse
(dB
)
Receiver Bandwidth
WR2.8ZBD, Virginia Diode Inc.
300 MHz @-3dB
800 MHz @-10dB
Slide Slide 5656
250 ps
2 Gbit/s
0 2 4 6 8 101E-12
1E-10
1E-8
1E-6
1E-4
0.01
BE
R
Photocurrent (mA)
Transmission Characteristics (1)
10 WTx Power
Distance: 50-100 cm
>20 Gbit/swith >100 W
Slide Slide 5757
280 GHz 300 GHz
320 GHz 340 GHz
360 GHz 380 GHz
400 GHz
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e) (f)
(g)
500 ps
Transmission Characteristics (2)
1 Gbit/s
40 ch. x 1 Gbit/swith 200 W
Slide Slide 5858
IF (low-pass) filter Diode
Slot-ring Antenna
Receiver Chip
Hemispherical Silicon Lens
Module
250-GHz Wireless Link with Integrated ReceiverH-.J. Song et al, IEE Electron. Lett., vol. 45, no. 22, October 2009.
Increasing Bit Rate (1)
(1.5 x 2 mm2)
Slide Slide 5959
0.01 0.1 1 10-12
-9
-6
-3
0
3
Rel
ativ
e R
espo
nse
(dB
)
IF Frequency (GHz)
CommercialDetector
BE
RPhotocurrent (mA)
2 4 6 8 10 12-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2(100ps/div)
8 Gbit/s
Integrated Detector
Increasing Bit Rate (2)
10 WTx Power
IF Bandwidth: ~4.5 GHz
250 GHz
Slide Slide 6060
SummarySummary
Established 120-GHz band system with 10-Gbit/s
First demonstration of giga-bit wireless at 300-400 GHz band using photonics-based transmitter
Error-free transmission at 1-Gbit/s from 280 to 400 GHz
Max rate (2 Gbit/s) was limited mainly by bandwidth of receiver
>20 Gbit/s is feasible by increasing a receiver IF bandwidth with the same photonics-based transmitter