Manual35mmSLRCameraControls

Asingle-lensreflexcamera (SLR)typicallyusesamirrorandprismsystem(hence"reflex",fromthemirror'sreflection)thatpermitsthephotographertoviewthroughthelensandseeexactlywhatwillbecaptured,contrarytoviewfindercameraswheretheimagecouldbesignificantlydifferent

fromwhatwillbecaptured.

SingleLensReflex

35mmSLRCamera- Front

FrameCounterFilm-AdvanceLever

ShutterReleaseButton

ShutterSpeedDial

FilmSpeedRingand

Indicator(ISO)

ShutterSpeed

Indicator

DirectXContactHotShoeorAccessoryShoe

LensMount

FilmRewindCrank

FilmRewindKnob

Grip

DepthofFieldPreviewButton

SelfTimerSwitch ApertureDial FocusingDial

DepthofFieldGuide

LensReleaseButton

LabelTheControls(Front)

Syncterminal

Camerabacklocklever

OpeningtheCameraBack

• Pushthecamerabacklocklevercounterclockwisewhileliftingthefilmrewindknob.Thecamerabackwillpopopen.

35mmSLRCamera- Back

FilmRewindShaft

FilmChamber

View-FinderEyepiece ShutterCurtain

BatteryCompartment TripodMount

Socket

FilmRewindReleaseButton

SprocketWheel

FilmTake-UpSpool CameraBack

LabelTheControls(Back)

HowToLoad/Unload35mmFilm

SettingtheISO(FilmSpeed)

• LiftthefilmspeedringandrotateitineitherdirectionuntiltheredISOfilmspeedindicatorisoppositetheISOfilmspeedrequired.

• Unlessthefilmspeedissetcorrectlyyoucannotobtainthecorrectexposure.

SettingtheCorrectExposure

Pulloutthefilmadvancelevertounlocktheshutterreleasebutton.Thisleverdoublesasashutterreleaselock.

Presstheshutterreleasebuttonlightlytoswitchtheexposuremeteronwhilelookingthroughtheviewfinder.Ifoneortwooftheredindicatorlampsinsidelightupthemeterisoperatingnormally.

Theindicatorwillnotlightupin‘B’(Bulb)modeorifthebatteriesneedreplacing.

SettingtheCorrectExposure

Positionyourmainsubjectatthecentreofthefieldofviewinsidetheviewfinder.Thenturntheshutterspeeddialand/orlensapertureringuntiltheLEDlampforthesymbolforcorrectexposureO lightsup.

Overexposure(toomuchlight)isindicatedbya+ andunderexposure(notenoughlight)isindicatedbya– symbol.

Focusing

TheFM2isprovidedwiththeTypeK2focusingscreenasstandard.Lookthroughtheviewfinderwhileturningthefocusingringuntilthetwohalvesofthesplitimagecoincideperfectlytoformasingleunbrokenimageandtheimageinthemicroprism gridappearssharp.Correctfocuswillthenbesecured.

Shooting

• Lookthroughtheviewfinderanddepresstheshutterreleasebuttontotakeashot.• Windthefilmadvanceleverasfarasitwillgototransportthefilmtothenext

framereadyforthenextshot.Donotapplyexcessivepressurewhenwindingthelever.Youcannotwindtheleverwhenthefilmisattheend.

• Afterthelastexposurehasbeenmade,turnthecameraupsidedownandpressthefilmrewindbutton,sothattheexposedfilmcanberewound.

ExposureTriangle

Noise/Grain

FilmSpeed(ISO)Filmspeed isthemeasureofaphotographicfilm'ssensitivitytolight,determined

bysensitometryandmeasuredonvariousnumericalscales,themostrecentbeingtheISOsystem.DigitalcamerasensorsmeasureISOinthesamewayasfilm.

Intraditional(film)photography ISO(orASA)istheindicationofhowsensitiveafilmistolight.Itismeasuredinnumbers(you’veprobablyseenthemonfilms– 100,200,400,800etc).Thelowerthenumberthelowerthesensitivityofthefilmandthe

finerthegrainintheshotsyou’retaking.

InDigitalPhotography ISOmeasuresthesensitivityoftheimagesensor.Thesameprinciplesapplyasinfilmphotography– thelowerthenumberthelesssensitiveyourcameraistolightandthelessnoiseisvisible.

ApertureInoptics,anapertureisaholeoranopeningthroughwhichlighttravels.

ShutterSpeedInphotography,shutterspeed orexposuretime isthelengthoftimeacamera'sshutterisopen

whentakingaphotograph.

Aperture&ShutterSpeed

DepthofField(DOF)Inoptics,particularlyasitrelatestofilmandphotography,depthoffield(DOF)isthedistancebetweenthe

nearestandfarthestobjectsinascenethatappearacceptablysharpinanimage.

DepthOfFieldExample

Questions?