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Page 1: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

Mar-Apr 2013 | Vol. 5/Issue 9 | 40 Pages 172 W. Palm Dr. Arcadia, CA 91007 USA Tel : (626) 506-9607 Fax: (626) 254-9044 www.MandalayGazette.com a0a0.c&D;oGm;aqmif;yg;

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Page 2: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

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แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€™แ€”แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ร€

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Page 4: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013 A 4ta&SYurf;&dk;wrf;a'oowif;rsm;

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แ‚แ€แแƒ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€› แ‚แ‚แ€™ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ‚แ‚ แ€›แ€€แ€กแ€‘ แƒแ€œแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€Š "No Country" แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ผแŒ แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€แ€ซแ‚ แ‚แ€„ แ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„(แ€‡แ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ‚) แ€แ‚”แ แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌ แ„ แ€- 4 pieces of white แ‚แ€„ แ€ฆแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ แ†แ€ x แ„แ€ แ€œแ€€แ€™แ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ร€

แ€ฆแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ Acrylic แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ White Stupa Does not need Gold

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Page 5: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013 A 5

Page 1,32(a&SY? aemufausmzHk;)( Back Cover)

a&SYrsufESmwGif aMumfNimvufrcHEdkifyg/aemufausmzHk; (Color)

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Page 3,4,13,14,15,16,17,18, 19,20,29,30,31

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(5" X 8")($450)

(5" X 8")($300)

(5" X 8")($250)

(5" X 8")( $275)

(5" X 8")($135)

(5" X 4")($250)

(5" X 4")($85)

(5" X 4")($150)

(5" X 4")($200)

(5" X 4")($75)

(4" X 2.5")($55)

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(5" X 8")($300)

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(5" X 4")($250)

(5" X 4")($85)

(5" X 4")($150)

(5" X 4")($200)

(5" X 4")($75)

(4" X 2.5")($55)

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แ€กแ€™แ€ธแŠแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแŠแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€œแ€žแ€”แ€ธ แ†แ€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€‘แ€กแ€‘แ€› แˆแ…แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€” แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€† แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€—แ€’ แถ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ แ‚” แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€…แ€ผ แ€€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€•แ€’แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€กแ€™แ€ธ"แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ‚แ€ผแ€šแ€ แ‚”แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€ธแ "แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ"แ€žแ€Š แ€—แ€™แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌ"แ€Ÿแ€žแ€Šแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€€แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€›แ€แ€ซแ€’แ€—แ€’แถแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แแ‹

แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€šแ€แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€งแ€›แ€šแ€ฌ

แ€กแ€€แ€š แ‚แ†แแ‚แ‚แ‡ แ€…แ€แ€›แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€” แ€‘ แ€„ แ€แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€™ แ€› แ€„แ€ธ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธ แ€™ แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€• แ€ซ แ‹ แ€™แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€ผแ€”-แ€แ€™แ€ฌ(แ€™แ€ผแ€”)แŠ แ€แ€˜แ€€แ€-แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€„แ€ธ (แ€• แŠแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€š แŠแ€žแ€€) แŠ แ€ แ€„ (แ€› แ€™แ€ธ ) แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ‚แ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€แ‚” แ€ฑแ€›แพแ€€แ€Šแ€›แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€€แ‚แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€› แ‚Š แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ž แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€š แ€€ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€žแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€Šแ แ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€กแ‚แตแ€šแ‚แ€„แ€„แพแ€€แ€ธแ‚แ€แŠแ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ‚แ‚แ€ผแ€šแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€› แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€” แ‚”แ€™ แ€ธแ‚ แ€ผแ€šแ€Ÿแ€†แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€„แ€šแ€แ€™แ€แ€” แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€‚แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€€แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ แ‚”แ€™ แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€™แ€Šแ‹

แ€ž แ‚” แ€†แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ปแ€„แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แแƒแ…แ€แ‚แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ผ แ€คแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แŠ แ€คแ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€คแ€งแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ธแ€–แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€› / แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ก แ€› แ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€ แ‚ แ€„ แ€ž แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€„แ€€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€šแ€กแ€€แ€…(U.S.)แ€€แ€žแ‚” แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ‚แ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ‚Šแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€„แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€ แ€žแ€Šแ€†แ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€—แ€’แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€—แ€ฌแ€Ÿแผแ€…แ€ฌแ€™

แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚ แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€Šแ€… แ€ปแ€™แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€ แŠ แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแŠ แ€•แŠ แ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€€แกแ€›แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€€แ€™แบแ€Šแ€ธแ€‘แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€€ แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธ แพ แ€€แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€› แ€แ€žแ€Šแ€Ÿ แ€™ แ€”แ€ธแ€šแ‚แ€„แ€• แ€ซแ€œแ€™แ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแŠแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ก แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€šแ€•แ€„แ€…แ€„แ€›แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ž แ€กแ€™แ€แ€™แ€ปแ€•(แ€žแ‚”)แ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€„ แพแ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ(แ€—แ€™แ€ฌ -ISO 639-3 : mya)แ€€ แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€•แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ€™ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€—แ€’แŠแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แŠ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€แ€€แ€žแ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€™แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€Š แ€–แ€ผแ€„

แ€œแ€…แ€žแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€€แ€žแ€œแ€Ÿแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€Œแ€ฌแ€›แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€€แ€†แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€Šแ‹

แ€žแ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€„แแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€• แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ‚” แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€žแ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€แ€†แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€Š แ€Šแแ€œแ€€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€Šแ€Ÿแ€”แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ‚แ€„

แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ‚แตแ€šแ แ€Ÿแ‚แต แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€†แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€—แ€’แถแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ(แ€˜แ€… แ…แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ)แŠ แ€แ€›แ€…แ€šแ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแŠ แ€กแ€…แฅแ€œแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌ(แ€ฑแ€กแ€’แ†แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ)แ€Ÿแ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ‚แ€›แ€›แ€•แ€แ€Šแ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ แ‚”แ แ€กแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€†แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€™ แ‚ˆแ€› แ€›แ€ฌ แ€›แ€แ€„ แŠแ€™ แ€ผแ€” แŠแ€žแ€ฑแ€› แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€แ‚”แ แ€กแ€•แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€…แŠแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€กแ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€™แ€žแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€™ แ€Ÿแ‚แตแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ แ€กแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€‘แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€‚แ€ฑแ€แ€แ แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌ ( แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€”แ€Ÿ แ€šแ€†แ€™แ€žแ€Š) แ€‘แ€‘แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€แ‚”แ แ€žแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€›แ€แ€ซแ€’แ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€‚แŠแ€กแ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€แ‚”แ€™แ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€˜แ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€…แฅแ€œแ€™ แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€‚แคแ€œแ€•แ€ แ‚”แ€กแ€•แ€ แ€•แ€ แ€”แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€™ แ€แ€›แ€…แ€šแ€” แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ‚” แ€แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€”แ€›แ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ‚แตแ€šแแ€กแ€•แ€แ€•แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€ž แ€˜แ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€žแ€Š แ€Ÿแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแŠแ€•แ€แฐแ€ฌแ€ธ(แ€ปแ€—แ€ฌแ€Ÿแผแ€)แ€แ‚”แแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฅแ€ฌแ€ แ€›แ€šแ€žแ€Š แ€‘แ€ธแ€› แ€ฑแ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ‚ แต แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€šแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ€€ แ€‘แ€„แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€žแ‚แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€—แ€’ แถแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแแ€ฑแ€‚ แ€ซแ€แ€™แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ€„ แ€€ แ€š แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€”แฟแ€™แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€œแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œ แ‚แ€… แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€–แ€”แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€ปแ€• แ€–แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‚แ€แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€กแ€•แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€‡แจแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€•แ€›แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€“แ€™แผ(แ€แ€„แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแฟแ€แ€แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€ แ€€แ€แ‚ แ€…แ€™ แ€ธ ) แ€€ แ€žแ€„ แฟแ€•แ€ แ€–แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„แ€แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€žแ€แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€›แ€”แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€‹แ€‹แ€•แแ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แพแ€€แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚ แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Šแ‚Šแ€” แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€แ€›แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€„แ€แ€„แ€žแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€›แ€…แ€šแ€”แ€แ‚”แ€€แ‚แ€•แ€€แ€ผแ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€กแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€šแ€ฌ แ€žแ€Š แ€แ€›แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€™แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€• แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€Šแ€ธ แ€ป แ€แ€„แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ แ€žแ€Šแ€Ÿ แ€žแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€†แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€’แ€แ€šแ€€แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€žแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€…แฅแ€œแ€™

แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€แ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€™แ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€กแ€แ€แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ แ‚”แ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€• แ€แ€•แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€šแ€ฌแ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€€แ€›แ€™แ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€„ แ‚แ€„แ€„แแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€žแ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€›แ€Ÿแ€”แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€žแ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€†แ€•แ€„แ€˜แ€›แ€„

แ€แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€กแ€แ€แ€€แ€ผ แ€ก แ€• แ€ แ€• แ€™แ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€• แ€ แพแ€€แ€• แ€ซแ€žแ€Š แ‹ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ‚แ แ€—แ€’ แถแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€” แพแ€€ แ€ธแ€•แ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ‚ˆ แŠ แแ‰แˆแ€ แ€‚แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€žแ€ƒแ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€™ แ€…แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ "แ€™แ€Ÿแ€”"แ‚แ€„ แ€™แ€†แ€œแŠ แ€…แ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€—แ€œแ€แ€•แพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€” แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€… แฅแ€›แ€•แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€”แ€žแ‚”แ€แ€•แ€แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€„แ€„แแ€กแ€•แ€ แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€ปแ€•แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€‘แ€แ€„แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ€แ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ค แ€ž แ แ€ก แ€š แ€ก แ€† แ€† แ€› แ€• แ€ซ แ€œ แ€„ แ€›แ€Ÿแ€”แ€ธ แ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€™ แ€žแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€„ แ€ปแ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Šแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€› แ€žแ€Šแ€ก แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€†แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€… แฅ แ€ แ‚”แŒ แ€แ€€แ€ฌ-แ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€›แ€€แ€• แ€ซแ€แ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€„แ€œแ€•แ€‘แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ€Ÿแ€žแ€ฌแ€†แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€™แ€™แ€Šแ‹

แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€›แ€Ÿแ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ "แ€กแ€”แ€ฑแ‚แ€ฌ แ€กแ€”แ‚"แ€‚แ€แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€Ÿแแ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€™แ€šแŠ แ€ก แ€ป แ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ€‘ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€ž แ‚” แ€œ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€„แ€ธแ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€ แ€† แ€€ แ€† แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€› แ€ž แ€„ แ€ž แ€Š แ€ป แ€– แ€… แ แ€™แ€™แ€กแ€แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌแ€˜-แ€œแ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆแ€แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€›แ€”แ€™แ€žแ€„แ€Ÿแ€†แ€แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€“แ€€แ€›แ€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€… แแ€แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€•แ€‘แ€™

แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€” แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€‘แ€ฌแ€™แ€„แ€ธ แ€œ แ€€ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€• แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฑ แ€” แ€ป แ€• แ€Ÿ แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€•แ€‚แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ "แ€•แ€แ€…แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€„แ€ธ" แ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€แšแ€ฑแ€แšแ€™แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€›แ€ฑแ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€•แ€แ‚”แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธ แ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€แ€šแ€›แ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€• แ€žแ€Šแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€›แ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแŠ แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ แ€›แ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€žแ€™ แ€„แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€ แ€ฌแ€• แ€• แ€ แ‚” แ€™ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€•แ€ซแแ‹

แ€ž แ€™ แ€„แ€ธ แ€• แ€Šแ€ฌ แ€› แ€„ แพ แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€’ แ€ซ แ€€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€”แ€ธแ€‘ แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€…แ€… แ€€แ€แ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ‚ แ€ผแ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ แ‚”แ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€‡ แ€ แ€„ แ€ž แ€™ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ แ€ป แ€ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ป แ€ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€… แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€œแ‚Šแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€€ แ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€›แ€ฌแ€‡แ€žแ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€†แ€•แ€„แŠ แ€€แ€œแ€”แŠ แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แŠ แ€†แ€›แ€šแ€œแ€…แŠ แ€…แ€…แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แŠ แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€–แ€แ€›แ€œแ€™แ€™แ€Šแ‹

แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ‚ แ€…แ€™ แ€…แแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ-แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€€แ€•แ€ผแŠ แ€แ€›แ€-แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€“แ€€แ€›แ€แ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€แ€„-แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแŠแ€€แ€›แ€„-แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแŠ แ€›แ€™แ€ธ-แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแŠ แ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€…-แ€†แ€›แ€šแ€œแ€… แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€… แ€…แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ€™แ€†แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€… แ€… แ€™แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€€

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OPEN -Tue, Wed, Fri [11:00 AM-7:30 PM] -Sat, Sun [1:00 PM- 7:30 PM] -C l o s e d o n M o n & T h u [email protected]

Tel (626) 927-9054 Cell (626) 548-9906742, E. Garvey Ave, Unit C Monterey Park CA 91755

แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€† แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฅแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™ แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€”แ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€แ€•แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ€œแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€กแ€†แ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€žแ€ฅแ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€„แ€แ€„แ€แ€”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€„แ€›แ€™แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€…แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€• แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€›แแ‹

แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ€กแ€žแ€ฅแ€ฌแ€แ€—แ€Ÿแ€žแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€› แ€– แ‚• แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ แ€™แ€œแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€แ€•แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€™แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€„แ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€šแ€กแ€€แ€…(U.S.)แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€›แ€แ€–แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แŠ แ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€แ‚”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€…แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€–แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€กแ€™แ€Šแ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€/แ€”แ€™แ€€แ€แ€ผแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ KKK (Ku Klux Klan)แ€€แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€ก แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€–แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ "แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€„แ€ธ" แ€€แ€žแ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€•แพแ€€แ€แ€แ€›แ€–แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€œแ€œแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ผ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€™แ€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€แ€€แ€–แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€แ‚” แ€กแพแ€€แ€™แ€‘แ€•แ€‘แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€–แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€€แ€žแ‚” แ€œแ€™ แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ธแ€… แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€šแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€›แ€ฌแ€†แ€ผแ€šแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ€กแ€…แ€ผแ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€…แ€ แ€ แ‚”แ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€™ แ€ผแ€ธแ€– แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€… แ€žแ€Šแ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€” แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€™แ€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€•แ€€แ€ผแ€•แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€แ‚”แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€‘แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ‚”..แ€šแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€…แ€žแ€…แ€™แ€žแ€Š

แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€Šแ€™แ€แ€ซแ€’แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€…แ€žแ‚” แ€›แ€Šแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แพแ€€แ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€แ€Šแ€ธแ‹ ร€

Page 6: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

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(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013xif&Sm;ausmfMum; jrefrmrsm; A 8

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แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ปแ€™แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€†แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ…แ€†แ€„แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€„แ€œแ€€แ€Šแ‚‡แ€… แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ‚แ€„แ€œแ€แ€†แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€•แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ปแ€™ แ‚” แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ‚”แ€”แ€š แ€—แ€Ÿแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€†แ€„แ€แ€ผแŒ แ€™แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธ(แ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธ)แ€€ แ€™แ€ แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€›แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€€ แ‚แ€แแƒ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แšแ€แ€ซแ€›แ€œ แแ€แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€‡แ€แ€„แ€กแ€€แ€ฅแ€ธ... แ€€แ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€€ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€•แฟแ€™ แ‚”แ€€แ€›แ€แ€„แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ‚แ€™แƒแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€

แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แŠ แ€Šแ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€€แ€€แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€Šแ€™แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€•แ€ปแ€™ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€ฌ แ€†แ€„แ€‘แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€–แ€šแ€žแ€•แŠ แ€žแ€”แ€•แ€žแ€•แ€”แ‚” แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€žแ€• แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€”แ€•แ€žแ€•แ€€ แ€—แ€”แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€› แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€”แ‚” แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€šแ€€แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ แ€กแ€–แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€€แฝแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€–แ€ธแ€€ แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€‘แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€žแ‚”แ€›แ€ฑแ€œแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€แ€†แ€แ€ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€•แ€‡แ€ผแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€‚แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€แ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌ แ€แ€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แพแ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€™แ€ปแ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ แ€ แ€ปแ€™แ€แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€€ แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š แ€€แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แแ‰แ‰แ‡แŠแ€กแ€žแ€€ แ‚แ…แ‚แ€…แ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€™แ€ฌ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ปแ€™ แ‚”แ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€’แšแ€›แ‚•แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€†แ€„

(แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€„แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€› )แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€–แ‚” แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แแ‰แ‰แˆแ€แ‚แ€… แ€™แ€ฌ แ€™แ€กแ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€šแ€‘แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€• x แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€แ€ผแ€แ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€šแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„แ€…แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€›แ‚•แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€†แ€„แ€…แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€ฅแ€ธแ€†แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€…แ€…แ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜แ€€แ€ปแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€œ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€˜แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€•แ€ปแ€™ แ‚•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€›แ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€•แ€ปแ€™แ‚•แ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€ แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€› แ€€แ€™แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€›แ€แ€„แ€€แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ...แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€• แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚”...แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€†แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€†แ€€แ€†แ€„แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€–แ‚” แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œ แ€•แ€€แ€† แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ‚แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€†แ€„แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€’แ€€แกแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€ธ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€• แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€™ แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€Šแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€€แ€†แ€„แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€–แ‚” แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ‚แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€™แ€›แ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€›แ€แ€„แ€€ แ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€›แ€•แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€€แ€Šแ€แ€œแ‚” แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€„แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ‚แ€„แ€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€„แŠ แ€œแ€œแ€ปแ€ แ€ปแ€ แŠ แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ…แ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ‚แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€šแ€œแ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ€•... แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ปแ€™แ‚•แ€‚แ€ผแ€แ€œแ€… แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€• แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€Šแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Šแ€ธแ€”แ‚”

แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™แ€แ€…แ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€†แ€„แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€œแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€€แ€†แ€„แ€™แ‚”แ€œแ‚” แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธยดแ€†แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€›แ€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€€แ€• แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€•แ€ซแ‹`แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธยดแ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€†แ€„แ€œแ‚” แ€กแ€’แ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€™แ€œแ€กแ€’แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€€แ€• แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€˜แ€แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ `แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€œแ‚” แ€กแ€™แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€แšแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แพแ€€แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€†แ€„แ€›แ‚•แ€‘แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€... แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚” แ€›แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€แ€œแ€แ€†แ€แ€†แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€

แ€€ แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€›แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ‚• แ‚แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€€ แ€›แ€แ€„

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€•แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€œแ€€แซแ‚‡แ€…แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€€แ€• แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€™แ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธ แ€›แ€Šแ€€ แ€กแ€“แ€€แ€†แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€–แ€แ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€œแ€•แ€ แ€™แ€”แ‚” แ€–แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€Šแ‚‡แ€…แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€–แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€€แ€Šแ‚‡แ€…แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€–แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€แ€†แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ‚แ‚แ€กแ€กแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แซแ‚‡แ€… แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€–แ€แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€แ€šแ‹แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€†แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€•.. แ€€แ€™แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€œแ€œแฟแ€ แฟแ€ แŠแ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€”แ‚”

แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€„แ€”แ‚” แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€™แ€†แ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€• แ€™แ€šแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€Šแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€‘แ€™แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€•แ€•แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€™แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€แ€แ€แ€ (แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€œ)แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ‚” แ€…แ€Šแ€•แ€„แ€›แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€›แ€•แ€€แ€ผแ€€แ‚แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€แ€แ€ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€œ แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€šแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€•แ€‡แ€ผแ€”

แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€œแ€แ€†แ€แ€แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€… แ€แ€„แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€แ€™ แ€ธแŠ แ‚แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€œแ€แ€œแ€แ€†แ€แ€†แ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€œแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€–แ‚”แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€…แ€Šแ€•แ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€แšแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€€แ€™แ€›แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€œแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€กแ€…แ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€œ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€€ แ€žแ€›แ‚•แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€™แ€™แ€œแ€แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€€ แฟแ€แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€…แฟแ€แ€€ แ€กแ€แ€™แ€‘แ€แ€„แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ‚” แ€กแ€’แฟแ€แ€™แ€ฌ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€œ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€€แ€แ€„แ€œแ‚” แ€€แ€™(แ€†แ€„แ€žแ€™แ€ธ) แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€™แ€œ RC-2แ€กแ€”แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€™แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€™ แฟแ€แ€แ€…แฟแ€แ€„แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€‘แ€•แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€œแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€™แ€†แ€„แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€œ แ€กแ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€

แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€• แ€žแ€•แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€ แ€กแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€ฌ แ€†แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€แ€…แ€ แ€‘แ€•แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ซ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€”แ€‚แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€› แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€™แ€‘แ€„แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€ แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ‚แ€…แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€’แ€œแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€™ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€ แ€†แ€„แ€แ€ผ แ…แ€†แ€„แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Šแ€™แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€†แ€„แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แพแ€€แ€›แ€แ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€... แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€„

แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€™ แ‚€แ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ‚€แ€€แ€แ€€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€งแ€Š แ€žแ€Šแ€œแ€ฌแ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€แ€†แ€แ€™แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ แ€กแ€แ€”แ€€แ€™ แ€แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€”แ‚”แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€™แ€œแ€… แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€‚แ‚แ€…แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€šแ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ‚” แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ‚”แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€แ€™แ€›แ€Šแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€แ€€แ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„ แ€žแ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€•แ€แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚”แŠ แ€กแ€แ€”แ€™แ€›แ€œแ‚”แ€†แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€›แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แฟแ€•แ€ธแŠแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€•แ€”แ€•แ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€•แ€€แ€†แ€€แ€• แ€€แ€™แ€œแ€แ€„แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€ แ‚•แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€ธแ€แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€™แ€€แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€€ แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€€ แ€–แ€”แ€ธแพแ€€แ€†แ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€แ‚”แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ‚€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€แ‚”

แ€†แ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚” แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€€แ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€€แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€”แ‚”แ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธ... แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€€แฝแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ‚” แ€‘แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€ž แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Š

แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€แ€†แ€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€€ แ€กแฟแ€™แ€‚แ‚แ€…แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธ แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€• แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€šแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€ แ€†แ€แ€†แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€›แ€†แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ‚”แ€‘แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€“แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€šแ€œแ€•แ€แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€€ แ€•แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€œแ€•แ€–แ‚”แ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€š แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€•แ€–แ‚”แŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแŠแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„แ€†แ€€แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€šแ€œแ‚”แ€šแพแ€€แ€Šแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€€แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€˜แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€€ แ€šแ€šแพแ€€แ€Šแพแ€€แ€Š แ€…แ€ผแ€…แ€ผแ€ปแ€™แ€ปแ€™

แ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แพแ€€แ€ แ€€แ€™แ€›แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡แ€ธ แ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€‘แ€€แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แŠแ€†แ€„แ€€แ€•แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€Šแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€œแ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€› แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€‚แ‚แ€…แ€€แพแ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€™แ€ฌ แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€—แ€’แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแŠ แ€›แ€šแ€’แ€™แ€แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแŠ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€„แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ‚แ€„ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š

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Page 9: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013 A 9xif&Sm;ausmfMum;jrefrmrsm; - tquf

pm 8 rif;vrf;rkef hwD rS

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€€ แ€กแ€“แ€€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€Šแ€แ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€แ€€แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€‚แ€›แ€…แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€Šแ€ธแ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€†แ€„แ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•...แ€แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€•... แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€

แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€šแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ แ€™แ‚แ€ธแ€–แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€„แ‚แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€…แ€…แ€…แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€œแ‚”... แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€•แ€‡แ€ผแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€œแ€แ€†แ€แ€แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€œแ‚”... แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ แ€ แ€ปแ€™แ€ แ€•แ€„ แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€œแ‚” แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€€ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€แ€€แ‚แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€œแ€แ€œแ€แ€†แ€แ€†แ€ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€žแ€”แ€•แ€žแ€•แ€†แ€›แ€„ แ€€แ€™ แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ‹ แ€˜แ€šแ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€™แ€™แ€แ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€™แ‚แ€ธแ€–แ€œแ€ฌแ€”แ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€• แ€กแ€“แ€€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€›แ€แ€„แ‚แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€•แ€€ แ€แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€“แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€†แ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€ แ€แ€ฅแŠ แ€„แ€”แŠ แ€…แ€• แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€กแ€“แ€€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€›แ€แ€„แ‚แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€’แ€œแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ...แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€Šแซแ€ผแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚” แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€แ€†แ€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€›แ‚•แ€‘แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€€ แ€•แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€™แ€žแ€ธแ€•...แ€•แ€ฑแ€…แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€กแ‚แ€…แ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€œแ€แ€†แ€แ€แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ€œแ€•แ€›แ€žแ€œ? แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ธแ…แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแŠ แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€›แ€„ แ€€แ€š แ€แ€„แ€แ€šแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€แ€†แ€แ€แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€•แ€…แ€แพแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€“แ€€ แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€แ€€แ‚แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€กแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€แ€šแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€•แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€žแ€šแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€”แ€€แ€…แ€›แ€แ€•แพแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€• แ€™แ€š แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€™แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€œ แ€œแ€แ€œแ€แ€†แ€แ€†แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€œแ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€†แ€„แŠ แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€†แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ‚” แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€šแ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ฌ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„

แ€แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌ...แ€œแพแ€€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธ... แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€“แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€‡แ€ผแ€”แŠ แ€‚แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแŠ แ€แ‚แ€™แ€ธแ€…แŠ

แ€‚แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€กแ€”/แ€กแ€”แ€€แŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ผแ€€แŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€—แ€”แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ€˜แ€แ€…แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€™แ€ฌ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™ แ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€“แ€€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€™แพแ€€แ€€แ€ แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€œแ‚” แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€–แ€แ€€ แ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธ แ€™แ€žแ€ธแ€• แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแพแ€€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ...แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€‡แ€ผแ€”แ€กแ€€แ€„แŠ แ€‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€กแ€žแ€

(แ€กแ€)แŠ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€™แ€ธ(แ€กแ€)แŠ แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแŠ แ€€แ€€แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€แ€€แ€‚แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€‡แ€ผแ€”แ€€แ€„แŠ แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแŠ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌ (แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€Šแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€)แŠ แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ€„แŠ แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠแ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ‹แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€›แ‚• แ€‘แ€ธแ€‘แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ... แ€‘แ€ธแ€‘แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚”แ€†แ‚แ€„แ€ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€š

แ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€–แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€™ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ‚” แ€กแ€’แ€œแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ‚”แ€†แ€›แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€•... แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€–แ€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€„แ€…แ€”แ€†แ€”แŠ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€†แ€”แŠ แ€„แ€€แฝแ€ผแ€†แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€†แ€”แ€€แ€ผแ€™แ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€†แ€”แ€€ แ€€แ€šแ€…แ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€šแพแ€€แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€„แ€›แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œ แ€€แ€šแ€•แ€„แพแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€•แ€€แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Šแ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ€ แ€™แ€”แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€กแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ... แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€กแ€žแ€… แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€™แ€ธแ€€ แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€กแ€žแ€…แ€แ€•แ€ผ

แ€แ€‘แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€Šแ€กแ€™แ€€ แ€กแ€’แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€€ แแ€แ€แ€ซแ€‘แ€€แ€™แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€Šแ€ธแพแ€€แ€Šแฟแ€•แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€€แฟแ€•แ€†แ€™ แ€‘แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€กแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€‘แ€ผแ€„แ€‘แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€€แ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€กแ€žแ€… แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€†แ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€„แ€ฅแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€€แคแ€ฌแ€•แŠแ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€œ

แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€šแ‹แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€žแ€œ แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€›แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€•แ€€แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€กแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€ผแ€„แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€€แพแ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€†แ€„แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€…แ€™แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ... แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ(แ‚แ€แ€)แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€›แ€แ€„แŠ แ€€แ€›แ€„แŠแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ‚” แ€”แ€šแ€…

แ€€ แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†แ€„แ€€แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€–แ‚”แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†แ€„แ€šแ€”แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแƒแ‚แ€… แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€‚แ€ฌแ€›แ€šแ€œแ‚”แ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€• แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€™แ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€• แ€ฑแ€œแ€€แ€„แ€žแ€„(แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ)แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€…แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€›แ€›แŠ แ€™แ€›แ€› แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€“แ€€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แ‚แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แ€„แ€แ€…แ€แ€›แ€–แ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€•แ€ซ แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€‚แคแ€œแ€•แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€€แฝแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€žแ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€•แ€™แ€”แ€žแ€„แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€€แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€…แ€™แ€กแ€•แ€แ€• แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€‡แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€–แ€€แ€œแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€› แ€œแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€…แ€…แ€แ€—แ€แ€•แ€†แ€„แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€†แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€€ แ€แ€€แ€šแ‚แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†แ€„แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ‚”แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€• แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ‚”แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€†แ€„แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€“แ€€แ€€แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแฟแ€™แ€แ€™แ€ธ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แฝแ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€€แฝแ€ผแ€”แ€ธ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€™แ€šแ€œแ‚”แ€แ€šแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€…แ€ฅแ‚แƒแ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€€ แ€žแ€แ€™แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€™แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€กแ€€แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€แ€กแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€™แ€แ€˜แ€ธแ€œแ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€แ€š... แ€™แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€™แ€œแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€€แ€™แ€›แ€กแ€™แ€•แ€„แ€”แ‚”แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ‚” แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€™แ€„แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€™แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€”แ‚”แ€• แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌ แ€™แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€šแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€†แ€„แ€„แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€›แ€แŠ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€€แ€…แ€›แ€แ€”แ‚” แ€›แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€šแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€€ แ€•แ€€แ€†แ€€ แ€กแ€“แ€€แ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€œแ‚”แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€•แพแ€€แ€›แ€„แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€•แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ‹ แ€†แ€„แ…แ€†แ€„แ€…แ€œแ€ธแ€› แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€› แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€™แ€แ€˜แ€ธแ€œแ‚”

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€œแ‚” แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ แ€†แ€„แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€–แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œ แ€†แ€„แ€œแ€Šแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†แ€„แ…แ€†แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€™แ€†แ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€‚แ€แ€›แ€Šแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€€... แ€แ€žแ€€แ€œแ€ธ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€œแ‚” แ€›แ€Šแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€šแ€€

แ€€แ€™แ€€ แ€˜แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€ แ€›แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„แ€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€แ€€แ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†แ€ แ€›แ€Šแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€†แ€„แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€‚แ€แ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€‘แ€ธแ€‘แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€แ€œ แ€†แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€›แ€œแ€™แ€™แ€šแ€œแ‚”แ€œ แ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€• แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€กแ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€€แคแ€ฌแ€• แ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€†แ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€„แ€แ€†แ‚แตแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€›แ€œแ€€แ€€แ€„แ€€แ€„แ€žแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€•แ€’... แ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แพแ€€แŠ แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€™แ€œแ€™แ€˜แ€ธแ€†แ€แ€…แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€• แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€€แพแ€€ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€œแ€•แ€€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€•แ€’แ€€"แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€”"...แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€แ€†แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€†แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€…แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€œแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€œแ€™แ€œแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€€ แ€…แ€ แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€œแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€†แ€„แ…แ€†แ€„แ€€แพแ€€แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ

แ€›แ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€•แ€™แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€–แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ

แ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€–แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‚แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€‚แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€›แ€ แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚” แ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€œแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ‚แ€แ€แ„แ€แ‚แ€…แ€™แ€ฌ แ€–แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€„แ€†แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ซแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€šแ€†แ€œแ‚” แ€แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€• แ€–แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€™แ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€™แ€›แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ‚” แ€€แ€™แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€’แ€€แกแ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€กแ€™แ€แ€™แ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€กแ€•แ€€แ€แ€... แแ‰แ‰แˆแ€แ‚แ€… แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€€แ€แ€›แ€€แ€™แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€œแ‚” แ€€แ€™แ€›

แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€แ€›แ€ แ€…แ€แ€กแ€Šแ€…แ€›แ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€”แ€€แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€žแ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแพแ€€... แพแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแพแ€แ€ธแ€œแ‚แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€…แ€€แคแ€ฌแ€•แ€”แ‚”แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แพแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแพแ€แ€ธแ€œ

แ€”แ‚” แ€…แ€€แคแ€ฌแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€›แพแ€€แ€ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€œแ€• แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€€ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€˜แ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€ฌแ‚แ‚ˆแ€แ€†แ€€แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แพแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแพแ€แ€œ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€€ แ€›แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ€ž แ€™แ€แ€„แ€…แ‚แตแ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€แแแ€™แ€ฌ แ€…แ€€แคแ€ฌแ€•แ€€ แ€›แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€šแ€’แ€™แ€žแ€€แ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€˜แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€กแพแ€€แ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€ฅแ€ธแ‹ แ€•แ€‡แ€ผแ€”แ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€แ€€แพแ€€แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€›แŠ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ผแ€”แŠ แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€แพแ€€แ€€

แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€œแพแ€€แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ‚”แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€–แ€แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€แ€€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ

แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€œ... แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ‚” แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€…แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€”แ‚” แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ‚Šแ€„ แ€›แ‚Šแ€„ แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€แ€œแ€แ€†แ€แ€†แ€แ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แพแ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€œแ‚”...แ‹

แ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ€ แ‚ แ€„ แ€™แ€แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธ(แ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธ)

แ€แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ร€

Page 10: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013

*ZufuAsm A 10

ChairmanDr. Zaw Htun

PublisherMaung Maung Kyi

[email protected]

Executive EditorGyiSoe

[email protected](213) 422 2307

EditorsMoe Thet Ko

Saung Oo PanLwin SaeLae

Design DirectorKai

[email protected]

Circulation TeamMaung Maung Kyi

Nilar SeinSusan

Misty & Ryan

Advertising DirectorNilar Sein

(626) 506 [email protected]

Insurance CarrierEversafe Insurance Agency

Mandalay Gazette was founded in 2006 by Thakhin Bwor & Maung Maung Kyi

แ€œแ€€แ€‘แ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€™แ€€ แ€แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€™แ€œแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ธ

แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€›แ€€ แ€›แ‚ˆแ‚•แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€แ€ผแ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€แ€‘ แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€•

แ€กแ€”แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€แ€แ€†แ€แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€‘แ€แ€•แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ

แ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ‚” แ€–แ€ผแ€„แพแ€€แ€Šแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€”แ‚” แ€“แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€…แ€œแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ

แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ€œแ€•แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€•แ€ผแ€„แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œ แ€กแ€†แ€•แ€›แ€แ€š แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ€€แ€šแ€”แ‚”

แ€กแ€œแ€„แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€šแ€กแ€•แ€ผแ€„แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€šแ€€แ€šแ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€šแ€€แ€šแ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€šแ€€แ€šแ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€šแ€€แ€šแ€กแ€…แ€“แ€ซแ€แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€šแ€€แ€šแ€›แ€”แ‚•แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€šแ€€แ€šแ€€แ€š แ€€แ€š แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แพแ€žแ€‡แ€ฌแ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แพแ€€แ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ€’แ€œแ€œ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€“แ€ซแ€แ€€ แ€กแ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ‚”แ€‘แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€•แ€แ€„แ€™แ€แ€šแ€กแ€œแ€ปแ€•แ€–แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ แ€แ€™แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™

แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€แ€• ...แ€™แ€ธ แ€†แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€™แ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€˜แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ ....แ€’แ€ซแ€”แ‚”แ€• แ€แ€™แ€ฅ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แพแ€€แ€ธแ€‘ แ€‘แ€Šแ€…แ€€แ€œแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹

Ne Lay

แ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ‚”แ€”แ‚•

แ€แ€„แ€—แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€’แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ โ€ฆโ€ฆแ‹

แ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ‚•แ€”แ‚•

แ€แ€„แ€—แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€’แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ ..แ‹

แ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ‚•แ€”แ‚•

แ€แ€„แ€—แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€’แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€‘แ€ผแ€€ แ€žแ€ธแ‚ แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€›แ€”แ‚•

แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ€†แ€แ€ฌ โ€ฆ.แ‹

แ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ‚•แ€”แ‚•

แ€แ€„แ€—แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€’แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แพแ€€แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€กแ€€แ€ผแ€š แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†แ€แ€ฌ ..แ‹

แ€’แ€œแ€™แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€•

แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ‚•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แพแ€€แ€ธ

แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ‚•แ€ฑแ€›

แ€’แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ‚• แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€› แ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚•

แ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€š แ€™แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€•

แ€กแ€†แ€•แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„

แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€€แ€–แ‚• แ€Ÿแ€–แ€€แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€•แ‚•แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„

แ€’แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€›แ‚• แ€€แ€”แ€…แ€ฌ แ€กแ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€–แ‚•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌโ€ฆ.แ‹

แ€’แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€•แ€€แ€…แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚•

แ€แ€„แ€—แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แพแ€€แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ‚”แ€™แ€š โ€ฆโ€ฆแ‹

แ€’แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚•

แ€แ€„แ€—แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€€ แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€œแ€™แ‚•แ€™แ€šโ€ฆ.แ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ

แ€‘แ€€แ€แ€”แ€žแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€

แ€แ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€†แ€•แ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€•โ€ฆโ€ฆแ‹

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1. The Mezquita of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain2. The Hoover Dam, Nevada, USA3. a&Twd*HkapwD? &efukefjrdKY? jrefrmEdkifiH

4. Majolica House, Vienna, Austria5. ร“pera de Arame, Curitiba, Brazil6. 30 St Mary Axe ("The Gherkin"), London, UK7. Jantar Mantar, Jaipur, India8. The Golden Pavilion, Kyoto, Japan9. Wiblingen Abbey Library, Ulm, Germany10. TWA Flight Center, JFK airport, New York,USA

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www.VirtualTourist.com

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–- แ‚แ€แแ‚-แแƒแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ‚แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€žแ€œแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ‚” แ€แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€›แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€™แ€ฌแแ‚แ€แ€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ‚แ€แแ‚แ€แ‚แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€› แ‚แ‚แ†แแ€ฅแ€ธแŒ

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t.com

Best of International CES 2013 AwardsvyfaA;*wfpfpm;oHk;oltDvufx&Gef;epfukefpnfjyyGJrS taumif;qHk;rsm;

โ€ข Best of Show: Razer Edgeโ€ข Best TV: Samsung UN85S9 4K/UHD TVโ€ข Best Smartphone: Yota Phoneโ€ข Best PC & Tablets: Lenovo Idea Centre Horizon 27โ€ข Best Gaming Device: Razer Edgeโ€ข Best Networking & Storage: Seagate Wireless Plusโ€ข Best Car Tech: Chevrolet MyLink 2nd Generationโ€ข Emerging Tech: 3D Systems CubeXโ€ข Best Home Theater & Audio: Vizio 5.1 soundbarโ€ข Best Wearable & Health Tech: Fitbit Flexโ€ข People's Voice: Razer Edge

Page 12: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

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แ€งแ€ปแ€• แ…แ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€•แ‚แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ€Ÿแ€šแ€†แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ IE Singapore แ CEO แ€™แ€…แฅแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€กแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€งแ€ปแ€• แ„แ‹ แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€… แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€ แ€• แ€ฅแ€€แ‚’ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€…แพแ€€แ€Šแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€งแฟแ€•แ€œ แแƒ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€ฑแ€” แแ‰ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” (แ€žแ‚€แ€€แคแ€” แ€แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ธ) แ€‚แ€•แ€”แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€€ แ€กแ€œแ€Šแ€กแ€•แ€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€– แ€… แ€ แ€š แ€œ แ‚” แ€‚ แ€• แ€” แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€€ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€งแ€ปแ€• แƒแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€„แ€„แ€™แ€ฌ แ€™แ€˜แ€„แ€ธแ€–แ€”แ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธ แ€œแ€„แ€…แ€„ แ€œแ€•แ€€แ€„แ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€›แ€– แ€แ€›แ€ แ€™ แ€˜แ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ€™แธแ€(0941.HK) แŠ แ€šแ€ฑแ€€แ€€ Vodafone แ€” แ€ฑแ€‚แ€ฌแ€ แ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€… แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€€แ€™แธแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€งแ€ปแ€• แ‚แ‹ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธ-แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€”แ€šแ€…แ€•แ€› แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€’แ€€แกแ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€ แ€ผ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚” แ€ป แ€• แ€” แ€œ แ€Š แ€ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€› แ€” แ€œ แ€กแ€•แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€แ€„แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚ แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ‚”แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ‚’แ€ฌแ€”แ€™ แ€†แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ง แ€ป แ€• แ แ‹ แ€ฑ แ€‚ แ€ฌ แ€’ แ€” แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ C M J แ€กแ€‘แ€Šแ€แ€•แ€…แ€€แ€›แ€›แ‚• แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€ แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ก แ€† แ€• แ€ซ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€™ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€œ แ€• แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€ž แ‚” แ€ป แ€• แ€” แ€œแ€ฌ แพ แ€€แ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€ แƒ แ แ‹ แ€ฑ แ€‚ แ€ฌ แ€’ แ€” แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ C M J แ€กแ€‘แ€Šแ€แ€•แ€…แ€€แ€›แ€™ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€› แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ‚ แ€„ แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ‚แ‰ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€€ แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€” แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แŠ แ€ž แ€ƒ แค แ€”แ€ธ แ€€ แฝ แ€ผ แ€”แ€ธ แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€” แ€š แ€› แˆแˆแ€™ แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€ แƒ แ€ แ‹ แ€™แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ธ แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€› แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฑ แ€• แ€ซ แ€„แ€ธ แ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€› แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€’แ€€แกแ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€–แ€ผแ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€ แ€•แ€™ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€”แ€•แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€› Chinese Assembly Hall แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†แ€ธแ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‚แ‰แ‹ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€„แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚ แ€„ แ€”แ€ฑแ€• แ€ซแ‚ แ€„แ€„ แ€ แ‚”แ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…

แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ก แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑ แ€• แš แ€‘ แ€ผ แ€”แ€ธ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€” แ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€‚แ€„แ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‚แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ž แ‚” แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€Š แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‚แˆแ‹ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธ-แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€…แ€•แ€› แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€› แ‚Š แ‚•แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ H IV แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€แ€›แ€™แ‚ˆแ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธ แ€แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€† แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ แ€”แ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€” แ€ž แ€Š แ€™แ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€€ แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€กแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€ แ€… แ€€ แ€œแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€–แ€ผ แ‚” แฟแ€– แ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธ(SHDA)แ€€ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‚แ‡แ‹ แ€กแ€„แ€’แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€„ Bukit Asam แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธ แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แšแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€€แ€™ แธแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€™แ€‚แขแ€ซแ€แ€• แ„แ€แ€ แ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ‚แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€€ แ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ž แ€ผแ€ธแ€žแ€ธ แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€… แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€…แ€€แ‚แ€แ€…แ‚ แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€” แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌ แ€žแ€”แ€ธ แˆแ€ แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€•แ‚แ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ Jakarta Globe แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€–แšแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€ แ‚ แ† แ‹ แ€œ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€† แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€• แš แ€กแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š Japan Plat-form แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Š แ€‘แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€…แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌ แแ แ€žแ€”แ€ธ แ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€™แ€Šแ€Ÿ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‚แ…แ‹ แ€‚แ€•แ€” แ€”แ€…แ€†แ€”แ€ธ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€™แธแ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€•แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธ แ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€… แ€€แ‚แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€› แ€” แ€… แ€… แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€œแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‚แ„แ‹ Google แ€€แ€™แธแ€แ แ€ฅแ€€แ‚’แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ž Eric Schmidt แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ‚” แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ (แ€œแ€„แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ) แ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€†แ€•แ€ผ แ€กแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ€€ MICT แŒ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‚แƒแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ-แ€แ‚แ€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€”แ‚แ€„ แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ‚” แ€•แ€€แ€œแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ‚แตแ€šแ‚แ€„แ€„ (Punj Li-oyd) แ€€แ€™แธแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€–แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€”แ€šแŠ แ€€แ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแŒ แŽแ€แ‚”แ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€œแ€šแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แแ†แ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€•แ€„ แ€œแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€ซแ€ฑแ€’แ€ผแ€†แ€Š แ€•แ€€แ€…แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€„แ€ผ แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€แ€œแ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€œแ€šแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‚แ‚แ‹ แ€Šแ€ฑแ€” แƒ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„

แ€™แ€†แ€›แ€„แ€ธ แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€šแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€” แ€’แ€€แกแ€žแ€Š แ€…แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ€ (แ‚) แ€› แ€›แ€•แ€€แ€ผแ€€ (แ) แ‚แ€„ (แ„) แ€ แ‚” แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€ผ แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€™ แ„แ€แ€ แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€•แ€€แ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ€œ แƒแ‡ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€†แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ‚แƒแ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ธแ€™แ€กแ€™แ€™ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‚แแ‹ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€„ แ€› แ€„แ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€แ€”แ€žแคแ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€› แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€ฑแ€›แ€”แ€€แ€†แ€•แ€€แ€™แ€ธ แ€…แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€ž แ‚” แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€ แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€”แ€”แ€€ แ‰ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Š แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€ฌแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‚แ€แ‹ แ€’แ€แ€š แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€…แ€…แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€” แ€…แ€…แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ‚แ€•แ€กแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€–แ€ผแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€œแ€• แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€œแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€• แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€•แŒ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แแ‰แ‹ แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ - แ€ป แ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€”แ€šแ€…แ€•แ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€›แ€™แ‚ˆแ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ แ€ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ แ€„ แ‚ แ€„ แ€ž แ€Š แ€…แ€ฌ แ€› แ€„แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€› แ€แ€…แ‚แ€…แ€œแ€„ แแ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€†แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€”แ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Š Burma Anti Child Trafficking (Burma ACT) แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แแˆ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€… แ€ป แ€• แ€ป แ€• แ€„ แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„ แพแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแพแ€แ€ธแ€œแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€€ แ€” แ‚” แ€ž แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€Š แ€• แ€ แ€† แ‚” แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แพแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแพแ€แ€ธแ€œ แ€แ€” แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€ แ€• แ€™แ€… แฅ แ€‚ แ€œแ€šแ€ฌ แ€‚ แ€œแ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€ แ แ‡ แ‹ แ€ž แ€™ แผ แ€ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ž แ€”แ€ธ แ€… แ€” แ€ž แ€Š แพแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแพแ€แ€ธแ€œแ‚แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌ (Canberra) แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แแ†แ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€‚แ€แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚” Me N Ma Girls แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€… แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€กแ€”แ€‚แ€œแ€… (Los Angeles) แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€™ Power Music Industry แ€†แ€žแ€Š แ€‚แ€แ€€แ€™แธแ€แ€แ€แ€€ แ€กแ€šแ€œแ€˜แ€™ แ€‘แ€แ€›แ€”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€ แ แ… แ‹ แ€‚ แ€• แ€” แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€ แ€… แ€€ แ€”แ€•แ€ผแ€”แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€’แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ‚•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€’แ€€แกแ€žแ€Š (IDP)แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€’ แšแ€œแ€ฌ แ€žแ€”แ€ธ แƒแ€แ€ แ€€แ€Š แฟ แ€•แ€ธ แ€†แ€” แ‚ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ แ‚”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แแ„แ‹ แ€˜แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€ แ€›แ€แ€•แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€แ€„ แƒ แ€ฅแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€”แ€šแŠ

urร‡mhjrefrm owif;'dkif,m&Drif;vuf pkaqmif;wifjyonf

A 12

pmrsufESm 13 odk h

Page 13: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€„ แฟ แ€• แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€” แ€š แ€ แ€ผ แ€” แ€šแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€™ แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€”แ€…แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€–แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€˜แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€› แ€”แ€šแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€•แ€žแ‚” แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แแƒแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€˜แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€•แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€™แ€ฌ แแ‰แˆแ€แŠ แแ‰แ‰แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ‚แ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€€ แ€ž แ€žแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€˜แ€”แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€†แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€ แ€” แ€”แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€€ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€แแƒ แ€แ‚แ€… แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ธแ€šแ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธ แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€—แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€…แ€›แ€„แ€แ€…แ€ฌแŒ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แแ‚แ‹ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ แŠ แ€€แ€”แ€แ€”แ€˜แ€› แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€› โ€œแ€… แ‚”แ€€ แ€„แ€ธ โ€ แ€กแ€™แ€Šแ‚ แ€„ แ€– แ€ผแ€„แ€œ แ€…แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€„แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€›แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€œ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€– แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€–แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ก แ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ป แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€žแ€€ แแˆ แ‚แ€… แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€”แ€ธ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ธ ( แˆ ) แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€€ แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แแแ‹ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€–แ€ผแ‚• แฟแ€– แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€… (TDC)แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ‚ แ€ธ แ€ป แ€™ แ€• แ‚ แ€™ แ‚ˆแ€† แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€• แ€ แ€ž แ€€ แ แ€ฑ แ€œ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€› แ€„แ€ธ แ‚ แ€ธ แ€ป แ€™ แ€• แ‚ แ€ž แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€™ แ€„ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€•แ€…แ€…แ€™แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€กแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€›แ€› แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€กแ€Ÿแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€›แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€ แ แ€ แ‹ แ‚ แ€… แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€… แ€…แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ก แ€› แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€›แ€” แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€Šแ€แ€€แ€€ แ€กแ€› แ€” แ€ป แ€™ แ€„แ€แ€„แ‚ แ€„แ€›แ€” แ€กแ‚ แตแ€šแ‚ แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€•แ€ แ‚” แ€•แ€ธแ€ แ€ผ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€€แ€„ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€˜แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€Šแพแ€€แ€™แ€Š แ€กแ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€€ แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ก แ€‘ แ€Š แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€Š แ€ป แ€– แ€…แ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‰ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€™ แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€ž แ‚” แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ‚”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€งแฟแ€• แ… แ€›แ€€แ€™ แแ„ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€‘ แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€›แ€•แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€ธแ€• แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ‚•แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€…แ€€แ‚ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€›แ€กแ€แ‚• แ€œแ€•แ€…แ€…แ€™แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ‚ˆแ‚แ€„ แ€›แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€–แ€ผแ€š แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แˆแ‹ แ€šแ€ฑแ€” แ‚” แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Š แแ€แ‚ แ‚€แ€€แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แŠแ€™แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€› แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ‚•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธ แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€œแ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€› แ‚แ€แ€ แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€˜แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€แ€„แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‡แ‹ แ€‚แ€•แ€”แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€ แ€’แ€แ€šแ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€…แ€…แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€› แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€€ แ€†แ€ธ แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€‚ แ€• แ€” แ€›แ€ฑ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ แ€› แ€• แ€กแ€ฑ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€€ แ€€ แ€Š แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€– แ€ผแ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธ แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€™แ€ธ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€Š แ€Š แ€ผ แ€แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€–แ€€แ€’แ€›แ€šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€… ( U N F C ) แ€€ แ€š แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ€š แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ†แ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ซแ€žแ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€€แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ Globel fund แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€˜แ‚‘แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€…แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌ แ‡แ‡ แ€žแ€”แ€ธ แ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ HIV, AIDS แ€ฑแ€แ€’แ€”แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธ ART แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธ แ€›แ€›แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ…แ‹ แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€‚แขแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€ แ€™ แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€Š แ€• แ€ แ€† แ‚” แ€’ แ€ แ€ แ€ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€š แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€ธ แ‚ แ€• แ€ž แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€ แ€ป แ€™ แ€… แ€ป แ€™ แ€… แ€› แฟ แ€•แ€ธ แ€ก แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ€€ แ€ แ‚ แ€„ แ€ž แ€Š แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€“แ€€ แ€‘แ€Šแ€ž แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ แ€€แ€แ€…แ€ แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€™แ€”แ€ฅแ€€แ‚’แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€ แ„ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€› แ€› แ€Ÿ แ€„ แ€‚ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€†แ€œแ€„แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€€แ€šแ€แ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€› แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€” แ€€แ€œแ€žแ€™แ€‚แข แ€’แ€€แกแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€กแ€‚แ€„แ€… UNHCR แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌ แ€กแ€…แฅแ€œแ€ฌแ€™แผแ€… แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚” OIC แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ‚‰แ€ธแ€แ€• Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แƒแ‹ แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€‚แข (EU)แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€•แ€แ€†แ‚” แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€€ แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€›แ€แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€” แพแ€žแ€…แ‚€แ€แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€› แ€ฑ แ€” แ€ž แ€Š แ€ž แ€™ แผ แ€ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ž แ€”แ€ธ แ€… แ€” แ€€ แพแ€žแ€…แ‚€แ€แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แผแ€ Heinz Fischer แ‚ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€†แ€กแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€žแ€™แผแ€แ‚แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‚แ‹ แ€ฑแ€‚แ€ฌแ€’แ€”แ‚แ€„แ€„ CMJ แ€กแ€‘แ€Šแ€แ€•แ€…แ€€แ‚แ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€•แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แŠ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ แ€กแ€ แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€›แ€› แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€… แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€œ แ€• แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€› แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€œ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€… แ€€ แ‚ แ€ แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ‚แ€€แ‚แ€€แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€šแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€‡แ€ฌ แ€…แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€™แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€ซ แ€žแ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€‘แ€„แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†แ€” แ€แ€™แ€ธ แŠ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€กแ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€ฌแ€‡ แ€ แ€ซ แ‚ แ€„ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€™ แ€ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ป แ€– แ€… แ€ž แ€Š แ€š แ€œ แ€„ แ€ แ‚” แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑ แ€ แ€ซ แ€„ แ€ป แ€™ แ€… แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ แ‚ แ€แ€žแ€ฑ แ€˜ แคแ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แแƒ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ‚ แ€„ แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แ

แ€แ€›แ€แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€ แ€€แ€ผแ€•แ€™แ€€แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€› แ‚แˆแ‹ แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€–แ‚”แ€’ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€™แธแ€ (Ford Motor Company) แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™ Capital Automotive แ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€ แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€œแ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ AP แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€› แ‚แ‡แ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€žแ€™แผแ€ แ€ฆแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€› แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€› แ€…แ€†แ€šแ€แ€” แ‚”แ‚ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€…แ€œแฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€†แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ซ แ€› แ‚ แ† แ‹ แ€ แ‚ แ€ - แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€”แ€šแ€…แ€• แ€ฑแ€› แ‚Š แ€œ แฟ แ€™ แ‚•แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€แ‚ แ€แ€–แ€€แ€ž แ‚” แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ แ€ แ€„ แ€ž แ€ผ แ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€Š แ€… แ€…แ€ฑ แ€• แ€ซ แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€” แƒ แ€’แ€žแ€™ แˆ แ€แ€”แ€› แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ผแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€› แ„แˆแแ… แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€€ แ€แ‚แ€แ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€šแ€”แ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ€›แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€–แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€†แ€„แ€Ÿแ€ผแ€ฌ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแŒ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€› แ‚แ…แ‹ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€ธแ€• แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€€แ€™แธแ€แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€› แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€„ แ€– แ€ผ แ‚• แ€… แ€Šแ€ธ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€ แ€” แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€Š แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ‚ แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€…แ€€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€œแ€€แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€ž แ€„แ€ธ แ€ แ€• แ€ แ‚” แ€ก แพ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€ธ แ€• แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ก แ€› แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€• แ€ซ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€› แ€ผ แ€€ แ€› แ€” แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ€Š แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€…แ€ฌแ€แฝแ€ผแ€”แ€œแ‚Šแ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€•แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ซ แ€› แ‚ แ„ แ‹ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€ แ€” แ€€ แ€” แ€ž แ€Š แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€ž แ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€š แ€ แ€ แ€›แ€ธ แ€… แ€ฅ แ€ž แ€Š แ€ก แ€œ แ€ผ แ€” แ€กแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€• แ€ซ แฟ แ€•แ€ธ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„แ€›แ€™แ€Š แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€ แ€” แ€€ แ€” แ€ž แ€Š แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€ž แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€’แ€แ€šแ€ฅแ€€แ‚’ Tami Overby แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€› แ‚แƒแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ธแ€• แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€˜แ€แŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€•แ‚แ€™แ‚ˆแ‚แ€„ แ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ แŠ แ€กแ€ฌแ€› แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€”แ€ธแ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€– แ€ผ แ‚” แฟ แ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€˜แ€ แŠ แ€ง แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ แ€˜ แ€ แ€ แ‚” แ‚ แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€€แ€„แ‚แ€„แฟแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€› แ€˜แ‚‘แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€€ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ซ แ€› แ‚ แ‚ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€™แ€ธ แ€œ แ€ผ แ€” แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€› แ€›แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ‚แ€„ แ€›แ€แ€แ€ผแ€” แ€“แ€ซแ€แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผ แ‚” แ€œแ€•แ€€ แ€ผแ€€ แ‚ แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€ง แฟแ€•แ€œ แ… แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ‚”แ€™ แแƒ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€‘ แ‚แ€…แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€แ€„แ€™ แ‚ˆ

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แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€›แ€”แ‚แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€” แ€œแ€กแ€•แ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€ž แ‚” แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€“แ€ซแ€แ€ฑแ€„ แ€ผ แ‚” แ€แ€„แ€• แ‚”แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€›แ€•แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€€แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€œแ€•แ€…แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€”แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ‚แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ€Ÿ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธ แ€… แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€„ แ€แ€” แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€” แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€› แ‚แแ‹ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€Š แ‚‡แ€ฅแ€ธแ€•แ€”แ€ธ แ‚ แ€• แ€…แ€€แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€žแ€€ แแ‚ แ‚แ€… แ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€š แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ‚แ€™ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€› แ€žแ‚ แ€„ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€› แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€•แ€™แ€” แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ‚” แ€ป แ€• แ€”แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ž แ€Š แ€ก แ€‘ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ แ€” แ€š แ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€Ÿ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€› แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€•แ‚แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€› แ€•แ€‚แขแ€œแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ซ แ€› แ‚ แ€ แ‹ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€› แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€–แ€€แ€’แ€›แ€š แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€… (UNFC)แ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€› แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€… แ€กแ€†แ€„ แฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚” แ€€แ€š แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†แ€ธแ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€™ แ‚€แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€Šแ‚‡แ‚แ‚ˆแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€แ€›แ€•แ€€ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€„แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€› แแ‰แ‹ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธ - แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€”แ€šแ€…แ€•

แ€ปแ€™แ€แ€แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€™ แ€…แ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ-แ€กแ‚ แตแ€š แ€”แ€šแ€…แ€• แ€แ€™แ€ธแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€กแ€‘ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€” แ€ž แ€ แ€™ แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€› แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€™ แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ€(แ) แ€€ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€™แธแ€ See Sang Kam Yotah (1979) Co.,Ltd แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€šแ แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€กแ€‘ แ€†แ€€แ€œแ€€ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ž แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ซ แ€› แ แˆ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€› แ€„ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€› แ€„แ€ธ แ€ž แ€™ แ€ก แ€€ แ… แ‚ แ€… แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€• แ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€… แ€ แ€ž แ€Š แ€ก แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€ก แ€• แ€ซ แ€ก แ€ แ€„ แ€ก แ€™ แ‚ˆแ€ฑ แ€• แ€ซ แ€„แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€… แ€ผแ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€› แ€„ แ€† แ€„แ€ฑ แ€” แ€› แฟ แ€•แ€ธ แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธ แ€‡แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ‚แ€€ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€•แ€– แ€ผ แ‚”แ€€ แ€†แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€˜แ€ แ แ€žแ€”แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€–แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€™แ€ธ แ€‘แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€› แแ‡แ‹ MV HARITA BAUX-I TE แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜ แคแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€–แ€œแ€… แ€• แ€„แ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€œ แ€ผ แ€” แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€™แ€ฌ แ€”แ€…แ€ปแ€™แ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แคแ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€แ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ‚แ€„แ€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€†แ€ธแŠ แแ„ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ‚”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€€ แ€†แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ซ แ€› แ แ† แ‹ แ€ฑ แ€‚ แ€ฌ แ€’ แ€” แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แŠ

แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€† แ€” ( H a s s a n ) แ€… แ€€ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€‡ แ€› C M J แ€กแ€‘แ€Šแ€แ€•แ€…แ€€แ€›แ€™ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€…แ€€แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แฝ แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™ แ€ผแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ก แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€Š แ€– แ€„แ€ธ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แŠ แ€ก แ€• แ€ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ก แ€›แ€ฌ แ€› แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ แ€† แ€€ แ€†แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€Š แ€– แ€„แ€ธ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ‚ แ€„ แ€œแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€„ แ€ผ แ€”แ€Šแ€ธ แ€• แ€ซแ€ธ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€ แ‚”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ป แ€–แ€› แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€›แ€” แ€… แ€€แ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€• แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€‘ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€™แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€™แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€˜ แ€†แ‚แตแ€ปแ€•แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€› แแ…แ‹ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜แ€€แ€•แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€”แ€–แ€šแ€–แ€€ (Kamphaeng Phet) แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€› แ€„แ แ€Šแ‚‡แ€ฅแ€ธแ€•แ€”แ€ธแ‚ แ€•แ€…แ€€ แ€แ€แ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€žแ€€ แแ‚ แ‚แ€…แ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€š แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€€ แ€€แ€Šแ€›แ€” แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€› แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€› แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€†แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€› แแ„แ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€…แ€…แ€แ€• แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€› แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€แ€™แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€•แ€แ€†แ‚”แ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€› แ€• แ€ž แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธ แ€œ แ€€ แ€• แ€ซ แ€€ แ€’ แ€™ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€› แ€… แ€ปแ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œ แ€Šแ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€ผ แ€ แฟ แ€„ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ แ€ผ แ€„แ€กแ€– แ€ผ แ‚” แ€แ€ซแ€›แ€„แ€แ€”แ€›แ€ธแ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€€ Frank Jannuzi แ€€ แ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ ร€

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r&dk;EdkifwJhusdKufxD;&dk;c&D; แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€šแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€€แ€‘แ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„ แ€กแ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€›แ€ แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€€แ€‘แ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€‘แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€กแ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€แ€…แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€€แ€แ€€แ€แ€ แ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€€ แ€แ€”แ€–แ€ธแ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€‘แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€แ€€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚”

แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ‹ แ€’แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€€แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€œแ€„แ€แ€€ แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€†แ‚แตแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€กแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€…แ€•แ€œแ‚”แ€™แ€›แ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€‘แ€€แ€œแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€…แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แˆ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€…แ€–แ€ผแ‚” แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€”แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ‚”แ€œแ‚” แ€กแ€แ€”แ€€แ€„แ€Šแ‚‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€€ แ€€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€†แ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€™แ€šแ€œแ‚” แ€†แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€แ€…แ€ แ€†แ€ผแ€แ€œแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แƒ แ€›แ€€แ€†แ€€แ€แ€€ แ€•แ€แ€›แ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ แ‚แ€แแƒ แ€แ‚แ€… แ€‡แ€”แ€”แ€แ€ซแ€›แ€œ แ„ - แ…- แ†

(แƒ) แ€›แ€€แ€‘แ€™แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€”แ€™แ€š แ€‡แ€”แ€”แ€แ€ซแ€›แ† แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”-แ€€แ€€แ€‘แ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แˆแ€แ€แ€ แ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Šแ€ฅแ€ธแ€•แ€„แ€ธ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€€แพแ€€แ€™แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€Šแ€กแ€•แพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€†แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€แ€กแ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€€แฝแ€ผแ€”แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ‚”แ€œแ‚” Litetruck แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€…แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ‚” แ€†แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€œแ€€แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€‡แ€”แ€”แ€แ€ซแ€› แ… แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€Š แ‚ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ผ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ† แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€€แ€„แ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€„แพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ† แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€€แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€›แ‚” แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€€แ€€แ€‘แ€ธแ€›แ€ธ แ€›แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€™แ€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€กแ€‘ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ‚แ…แ€แ€ แ€€แ€•แ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แƒแ€แ€แ€ แ€€แ€• แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แƒ แ€›แ€€แ€†แ€€แ€แ€€แ€•แ€แ€ แ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€›แ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€€แ€”แ€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€›แ€€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ‚”แ€œแ‚” แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ธ แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€”แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ‚” แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€™แ€”แ€€ แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ‹

a0a0 CJ # 12512

แ€›แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€–แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แฝแ€ผแ€”แ€™แ€แ‚” แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€„แ€–แ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌ แ€ แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€†แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Š แ€†แ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€˜แ€€ แ€€ แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€†แ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธ แŠแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ แ€†แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€†แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€€แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ แ€†แ€„แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€–แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€แ€€แพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€”แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€–แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แพแ€€แ€Šแ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€œแ€š แแ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€‘ แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€™ แ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€†แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€œแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธ

แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€€แ€‘แ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ แ€”แ€”แ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€•แ€ผ แ‚แ…แ€แ€ แ€€แ€•แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€žแ€†แ€›แ€„ แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธ แ‚ แ€™แ€ธ แ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธ แ‚ แ€•แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€”แ€•แ€€ แ…แ€แ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ (แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌ แ€Šแ€กแ€•แ€–แ‚” แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€™แ€›แ€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€Šแ€กแ€•แ€™แ€šแ€†แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€€แ€„แ€œแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€šแ‹ ) แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€œแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ‚”แ€œแ‚” แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€œแ€š แแ‚ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€œแ€„แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ‡ แ€™แ€„ แƒ แ€–แ€ฌแ€œ แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€€ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€€แ€‘แ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€œแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ‚”แ€œแ‚”

แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ‚” แ€กแ€แ€”แ€™แ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€Šแ€กแ€•แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€…แ€•แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€‘แ€•แพแ€€แ€ธ แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€–แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚” แ€’แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€• แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€œแ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€…แ€แ€กแ€ฑแ‚แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€šแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€แ€šแ€œแ‚” แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€”แ€”แ€šแ€„แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ

แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚” แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€€ แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€…แ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€แ€€แพแ€€แ€ผแพแ€€แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ‚Šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ โ€ฆ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ธ แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„

แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€”แ‚”แ€šแ€ฅแ€œแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€”แ€แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€• แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€œแ€„แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€€แ€œแ€•แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€žแ€•แ€™แ€…แ€Šแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚” แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œ แ€”แ€”แ€€แ€€แ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€•แ€€แ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€€แฝแ€ผแ€”แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€š แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€–แ€›แ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œ แˆ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€€แ€ผแ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ‚”แ€œแ‚” แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€žแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€”แ‚” แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€€ แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€™แ€แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€™แ€šแ€œแ‚” แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€แ€€แ€šแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€ธแ€‘แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€žแ€•แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€แ€†แ€แ€ปแ€„แ€™แ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€€แฝแ€ผแ€”แ€™แ€แ‚”แˆแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€œ แ€œแ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€• แ€แ€•แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€”แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€กแ€œแ€”แ€“แ€ซแ€แ€•แ€›แ€€แŠ แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€†แ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€žแ€žแ€•แ€™แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€–แ€”แ€•แ€’แ€แ€€ แ€™แ€แ‚แ€„แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€–แ€”แ€•แŠ แ€€แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€–แ€”แ€• แ€…แ€ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€–แ€”แ€•แ€แ€šแ€…แ€ธแพแ€€แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€™แ€šแ€œแ‚”

แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€แ€€แ€šแ€แ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€žแ€žแ€šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€™แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ€€แ€”แ€แ€…แ€€แ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€†แ€„แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€›แ€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แพแ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€€แ€”แ‚” แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚” แ‚แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€†แ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€กแ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€–แ€ฌแ€œแ€†แ€แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€€แ€œ แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€

แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€Šแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€œแ‚” แ€‘แ€„แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ซแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€•แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ‚” แ€‘แ€„แ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„แ€…แ€แ€žแ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€œแ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€†แ€€แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฌ แ‡แ€™แ€„แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€• แ€€แ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€†แ€„แ€€แ€š แ€€แ€š แ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€žแ€„แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€”แ‚” แ‚แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€…แ€ธแ€œแ‚”แ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‚แ€แ€กแ€‘ แ€•แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€แ‹ แ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€Šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ‡แ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€™ แƒแ€–แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ‚”แ€†แ€€แ€™แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€„แ€›แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€œแ‚” แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€€แ€„แ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€†แ€€แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฌ แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ…แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ปแ€• .. แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€†แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€šแ€…แ€แ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธ แ€™แ€€แ‚แ€ฌแ€žแ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ†แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€ฌ แ€€แ€„แ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€€แ€‘แ€ปแ€™ แ‚•แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€€ แ€˜แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ฌ แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚แ€แ€แ€แ€€แ€• แ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€›แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€—แ€€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€Šแ‡แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€€แ€€แ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€แ€ฌ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€€ แ€Šแแ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€€แ€‘แ€€แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€€แ€‘แ€€ แ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€†แ€™ แ‚แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€„แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ‚Šแ€„แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ แ€€แ€€แ€‘แ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€€

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€แ€” แ€˜แ€šแ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€•แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€€แ€žแ€œ แ€…แ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ€แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚แ€ธแ€…แ€แ€”แ‚” แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€›แ€ แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€›แ‚Šแ€„แ€…แ€แŠ แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ แ€Šแ€Šแ€ผแ€แ€ แ€…แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€• แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€™แ€ แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ร€

แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธAllen Htay

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แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€…แ€€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€œแ€€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€แ€€แ€žแ€œแ€™แ€€แ€‘แ€€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌ Allen Htay (แ‡แ‡แ‚แ€…)แ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€แแƒแ€™แ€แ€œ แแ‰แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ‚แ€„แ€‘แ€•แ€ แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฅแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€„แ€ธ-แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€…แ€”แ€›แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…(Sunnyvale, CA, USA)

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แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ž แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„- แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ปแ€– (แ‰แ‚แ‚แ€…)แ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€แแƒ แ€‡แ€”แ€”แ€แ€ซแ€›แ€œ แ‡แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ‚แ€„แ€‘แ€•แ€ แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ

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แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ปแ€™ แ‚•แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€ผแ€แ€ปแ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€šแŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€šแŠ แ†แแ‡Fแ€ฑแ€” แ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€ผแ€„ (แ€’แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€แ€•)(แ€ปแ€„แ€™แ€ธ) แ€†แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แŠ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€œแ€ผแ€„ (แ€) แ€กแ€€แ€šแ€’แ€™แ€…แ€ธแ€ž - แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€ปแ€™ แ€แ€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ แ€™แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€แ€„แ€žแ€‡แ€ฌ(แ‡แ‚แ‚แ€…)แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€แแƒ แ€‡แ€”แ€”แ€แ€ซแ€›แ€œ แแ†แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แแ‚แ€ธแƒแ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ‚แ€„แ€‘แ€•แ€ แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผ แ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€‚แ€ฌแ€‚แ€šแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ€กแ€แ€œแ€”แ€ปแ€™แ‚”แ€› แ€›แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€˜แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ‚แ€แแ‚แ€แ€”แ€… แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€›แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€žแ€„แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ‚”แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€—แ€’แถแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€žแ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€€แ€™แ€แ‚แ€„แ€†แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€€ แ‚แ€แแ‚แพแ€žแ€‚แ€แ€œแ„แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแƒแƒแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ‚แ‚แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€†แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ‚แ€แแƒ แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€› แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€›แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€—แ€’แตแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€žแ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€œแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€‚แ€ฌแ€‚แ€šแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ€กแ€แ€œแ€”แ€ปแ€™ แ‚”แ€กแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€›แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ‚” แพแ€€แ€แ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ร€

แ„แ„แพแ€€แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€€แคแ€ฌแ€•แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€œแ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€žแ€€แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€€แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€•แ€ผแ€€ แ‚แ€แแƒแ€™แ€แ€œแแ…แ€™แ‚แ„ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€‘ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™ แ€ฑแ€›แ€€แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€• แ€€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€” แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€šแ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€แ€†แ€• แแแŠ แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€แ€†แ€• แแ„แŠ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€†แ€•แ„แ€ แ€†แ€ผแ€แ€แ€ธแ€›แ€›แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€†แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€…แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€แ€†แ€•แ‡แ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€แ€†แ€•แƒแ€แŠ แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€…แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€แ€†แ€•แƒแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€แ€†แ€•แ†แ€แŠ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€†แ€• แแ€แŠ แ€กแ€„แพแ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€„แ€€ แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€แ€†แ€• แแ€แŠ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€†แ€•แƒแ€ แ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€‘แ€ผแ€‹แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€แ€†แ€• แแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€แ€†แ€•แ„แ€แŠ แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€†แ€ผแ€แ€แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ร€

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แ‚แ€แแƒแ€แ‚แ€… แ€งแ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€™แ€…แ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€•แ€‚แขแ€œแ€€แ€•แ€„ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Šแ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แพแ€€แ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแแ†แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€”แพแ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€™ แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€›แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแแ†แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„-(แ) แ€™แ€‡แฅแ€™ (แ‚) แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€™แ€ธ(แƒ) แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€ฅ(แ„) แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€…(แ…) แ€กแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€šแ€ฌ(แ†) The Messenger (แ‡) แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€…แ€แ€(แˆ) แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€ฅแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ (แ‰)The Daily Eleven (แแ€) แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”(แแ) แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€žแ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€ฅ(แแ‚) แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€แ€„แ€ธ(แ€™)(แแƒ) แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€“แ€€(แแ„) แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€… แ€กแ€ž(แแ…) แ‡แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€ฅ (แแ†) แ€’แ€œแ‚ˆแ€„แ€ธ แ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€…แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

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Page 16: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013bmoma&;owif;"mwfyHkrsm; A 16

HTAY WIN, MD, FRCSInternal Medicine

1. 3458 Mowry Avenue Fremont, CA 94538

Tel: (510) 509-3304

Tel: (510) 793-1958Tel: (510) 509-3303

2. 27206, Calaroga Ave #201 Hayward CA 94545

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Borad certi๏ฟฝed Internal Medicine

Fax: (510) 723-0362

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แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€…แ€€แคแ€ฌแ€•แ‚แ€„แ€„Mount Elizabeth แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€›แŒ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€€แ€žแ€™แ‚ˆแ€แ€šแ€›แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ‚แ€แแƒแ€™แ€แ€œแ‡แ€›แ€€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€…แ€€แคแ€ฌแ€•แ€™ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€žแ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Šแ€€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€žแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€‡ แแ‚แ‰แ… แ€

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Page 17: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013avmhpftdef*svdpfowif;"gwfyHk A 17

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Page 18: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

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626-284-4200We Speak English, Spanish, Mandarin, Cantonese & Burmese

Opposite to Monterey Park Medical Plaza

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Dr. Tin Latt Dr. Hla May Latt

Traditional Othodontic BracesClear Braces (Invisalign)

Advance Zoom WhiteningImplants

Special Discount For:

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DDS,. M.D.Sc.Former Instructor and Assistant Lecturer of University of Dental Medicine, Yangon, Myanmar.

DDS,. F.R.S.P.H

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Jung Chang

ta&SYawmiftm&S\tMuD;qHk; Law firm wckrS Rajah & Tann NK Legal

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(L-R) Rajah & Tannโ€™s Managing Partner, Mr Lee Eng Beng, Senior Counsel; U Nyein Kyaw, head of Rajah & Tann NK Legal; Guest of Honour H.E. Mr Robert Chua, Singapore Ambassador to Myanmar.

Page 20: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013 A 20aMumfjim - Advertisement

Page 21: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

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Page 22: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013 A 22xl;cGsefolwdkY owif;rsm;

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'kwd,0efMuD;(EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efMuD;Xme)

touf(93)ESpf

แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ปแ€™แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฅแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ปแ€™แ‚•แ€”แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแŠ แ‚แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€(แ‚)แ€ฑแ€” แ€ฑแ€’แš แ€…แ€”แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแŠ USAแ€ฑแ€” แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ธ-แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€–แ€แ€„แ แ€–แ€แ€„แพแ€€แ€ธ แ€—แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ธ(แ€ปแ€„แ€™แ€ธ)(แ‰แƒแ‚แ€…)แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€แแƒ แ€‡แ€”แ€”แ€แ€ซแ€›แ€œ แ‚แ€แ€›แ€€ แ€”แ€”แ€€แ†แ€ธแแ…แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ‚แ€„แ€‘แ€•แ€ แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แแ‰แˆแ„แ€แ‚แ€…แ€˜แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธOD;pHaz(c)a*:&SrfyD

แ€ฑแ€‚แšแ€™แ€ธแ‚แ€ผแ€šแ€›แ€”แ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€˜แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€šแ€€แพแ€€แ€ธ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€˜แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ

แ€กแ€žแ€€(แ‰แ‡)แ‚แ€… แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š(แ€ฅแ€€แ€ŒแŠ แ€€ แ€€แ‚” แ€™แ€œแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ

-แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธ)แŠ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€แ€„ แ€แ€„(แ€) แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€แ‚”แแ€–แ€แ€„ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€– (แ€)แ€ฑแ€‚แšแ€›แ€™แ€•แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€แแƒแ€แ‚แ€… แ€‡แ€”แ€”แ€แ€ซแ€›แ€œ แ‚แ„แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€€แ€”แ€›แ€…แ€žแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ‚แ€„ แ€‘แ€•แ€ แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ‹

แ€€แ€€แ‚”แ€™แ€œแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธ

แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ŠแŠ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€œแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€„แŠ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€…แ‚แตแ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธ

แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแŠแ€›แ€Ÿแ€”แ€ธแŠแ€žแ€™แŠแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€’แ€ซแ€šแ€€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ธygarmuยฉa'gufwmatmifcifF.R.C.S cJGpdwfukq&m0efMuD;

ZD0dw'geoHCmhaq;&Hkaq;tMuHay;tzJGYOuรบX

jrefrmEdkifiHq&m0efrsm;toif;(A[dk)e,fvSnfhaq;uktzJGY OuรบX

touf(81)ESpf

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ปแ€™ แ€„แ€ปแ€™ แ‚•แ€ฑแ€”(แ€ฅแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธ-แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€„)แ€แ‚”แแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ USA แ€ฑแ€” แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„-แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€žแŠ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€แ€„แ€แ€„-แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€žแ€ŸแŠ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€‡แ€„แ€‡แ€„แ€แ€„แ€ แ‚”แแ€–แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แกแ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€„(แˆแแ‚แ€…)แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€แแƒ แ€‡แ€”แ€”แ€แ€ซแ€›แ€œ แƒแ€›แ€€ แ€”แ€”แ€€ แ…แ€ธแƒแ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ปแ€™แ‚•แ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€™แŒ แ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ‚แ€แแƒแ€‡แ€”แ€”แ€แ€ซแ€›แ€œ แˆแ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€ž แ€žแ€ฌแ€”แŒ แ€žแ€ปแ€‚แ‚‹แ€Ÿแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€›แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€™ แ€ธ แ€™แ€แ€žแ€‚แคแ€Ÿแ€กแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€…แ€กแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€€แ€”แ€›แ€…แ€ž แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…

แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธa':at;wif(anmifav;yif)

touf(87)ESpf

แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ปแ€™ แ‚•แ€œแ‚ˆแ€„แ€ปแ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€š แ€กแ€™แ€(แ‰)แ€›แ€•แ€€แ€ผแ€€แŠ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”-แ€กแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แ€ปแ€แ€กแ€™แ€(แˆแ…)แ€ฑแ€” (แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€”)แแ€‡แ€”แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€œแ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„-แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€แ‚”แแ€™แ€แ€„แŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธ แ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„(NTU,แ€…แ€€แคแ€ฌแ€•)แ แ€กแ€˜แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€’แš แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€แ€„(แˆแ‡แ‚แ€…)แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€แแƒ แ€‡แ€”แ€”แ€แ€ซแ€›แ€œ แƒแแ€›แ€€ แ€”แ€”แ€€แแ€ธแ„แ…แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ‚แ€„แ€‘แ€•แ€ แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แแ‰แˆแ„แ€แ‚แ€…แ€˜แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธygarmuยฉa'gufwmatmifcif

touf(81)ESpf

แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„-แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ž แ€แ‚”แแ€–แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แกแ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€„(แˆแแ‚แ€…)แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€แแƒ แ€‡แ€”แ€”แ€แ€ซแ€›แ€œ แƒแ€›แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€ž แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ‚แ€„แ€‘แ€•แ€แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธ

แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธa':nGefYwiftouf(89)ESpf

แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แŠ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€Šแ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€™ แ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€…แ€”แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€แ‚”แแ€™แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€Šแ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€„ แ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€แแƒแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แšแ€แ€ซแ€›แ€œแ‚แ‡แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ‚แ€„ แ€‘แ€•แ€ แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€™แ‚”แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธa':csdKif(c)Wong Choon Chai

touf(86)ESpf

แ€ฅแ€ธแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌ-แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€แ€„แ€ธ (Myanmar Life Hotel, แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”)แแ€™แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€แ€„(แ€)Wong Choon Chai (แˆแ†แ‚แ€…)แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€แแƒ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แšแ€แ€ซแ€›แ€œ แ‚แ‡แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€กแ€”แ€ธแ€‚ แ€œแ€…แ€ปแ€™แ‚”แŒ แ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ‚แ€„แ€‘แ€•แ€ แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€”แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธ

แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธChin Leong Lim (a) Paul Lim

touf(86)ESpf

B.A.C.F แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€ฅแ€€แ€Œ John Lee - Belinder แ€แ‚”แแ€–แ€แ€„ Chin Leong Lim (แˆแ†แ‚แ€…)แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€แแƒ แ€‡แ€”แ€”แ€แ€ซแ€›แ€œ แ‚แ‡แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€›แ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€ แ€‘แ€•แ€แ€‘แ€•แ€™ แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธ แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

Martha Nyaung (a) แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€แ€„แ€แ€„แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…

San Francisco (Daly City)

tu,f'rD armhpftouf(59)ESpf

Zmwfobifvl&Tifawmf? &kyf&SifESifh

AD'D,dk [moo&kyfaqmif tu,f'rD

armhpf(59ESpf)onf 2013 azaz:0g&Dv

13&ufaeY eHeuf 4em&D 20rdepfwGif

&efukefjrdKY a&T*Hkwdkiftxl;uk (SSC)aq;&HkรผuG,fvGefoGm;onf/

2011ckESpftwGuf tu,f'rDqkay;yGJ

wGif xm0&tvif;wef;rsm; &kyf&SifZmwf

um;jzifh taumif;qHk; (trsdK;om;) Zmwf

ydkYqkudk qGwfcl;&&dScJhaom armhpfonf

{&m0wDwdkif; [oFmwc&dkif av;rsufESm

jrdKUe,f a&odk;acsmifaus;&GmwGif arG;zGm;

cJhjyD; i,femrnfrSm wif0if;jzpfonf/

1980wGif pdefrm'if\om; rif;om;

rdk;0if;? rdk;rif; ZmwfobifwGif 'g&dkuf

wm armifpdwรฅ\ Zmwfvrf;rsm;udk vl&Tif

awmf rdk;'DESifhtwl wJGzufujyum vlod

rsm;vmcJhjyD;aemuf Zmwfrif;om;wifrdk;

0if;? 'g&dkufwmarmifpdwรฅ? vl&Tifawmf

rdk;'DwdkYESifhtwl ]uRefawmhfobif}wGif

ujycJhonf? 1986รผ ]r*FvmOD;n} AD'D,dk

Zmwfum; vlMudKufrsm;vmcJhjyD;aemuf

armhpfonf &kyf&SifESifhAD'D,dk Zmwfum;

rsm;pGmรผyg0ifo&kyfaqmifcJhygonf/

a&mhcfaw;oH&Sif

[,f&Dvif;(c)OD;xGef;jrifhOD;touf(52ESpf)

a&mhcfaw;oH&Sif[,f&Dvif;(52ESpf)

onf 2013 azaz:0g&Dv5&ufaeY

nae4em&DwGif&efukefjrdKYausmufajrmif;

aetdrfรผuG,fvGefoGm;onf/

แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธU Paw Kyi Wongtouf(82)ESpf

แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ€”แ€ธแ แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ผแ€”แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแพแ€€แ€Š แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€แแƒ แ€‡แ€”แ€”แ€แ€ซแ€›แ€œ แ‡แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ผแ€š แ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ‚แ€„ แ€‘แ€•แ€แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ‹

แ€žแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€”แ‚แ€„แ€แ€แ€œแ€ผแ€„

aus;Zl;wifvTm

a':csdKif(c)Wong Choon Chaitouf(86)ESpf

แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€กแ€”แ€ธแ€‚แ€œแ€…แ€ปแ€™ แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€แ€„ (แ€) Wong Choon Chai (แˆแ†แ‚แ€…)แ แ€…แ€ฌแ€•แ€”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ‚”แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€€แ€Š แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€…แ€žแ€™แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€žแ€‚แคแ€Ÿ แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„ Myanmar American Medical Education Society, แแ‰แˆแ„แ€แ‚แ€…แ€˜แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ (แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€กแ€”แ€ธ แ€‚แ€œแ€…) แ€แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ‚ˆแ€€แ€œแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ‹

แ€€แ€”แ€›แ€…แ€ž แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…

E Kyone Shutouf(100)ESpf

แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€„ -แ€ฑแ€’ แšแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ แŠ Arthur Shu-IreneChoo, แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€ธ- แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€แ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€„แ€ธ-แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€…แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แŠ David-Magdalina Shu, แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š- แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€แ€„แ€แ€„ แŠ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€” -แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€œ แŠ Jimmy-Monica Shu, แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ- แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€„แŠ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€แ€„แ€ธ-(แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ)แŠ Patricia Shu, แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€แ€„แ€แ€„-William Yan, แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€”แ€”แ€…แ€”แ€ธ-แ€ฅแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€”แ€žแ€”แ€ธแŠ Dr.Annie แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€” Shu-Dr. Michael แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ Chu, แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€žแ€”แ€ธ แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€” -แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธ แŠ Karen Shu-Terence Chow แ€แ‚”แ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€–แ€แ€„แพแ€€แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ธแ„แ‡แ€ฅแ€ธแŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€…แ‚แ‰แ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ‚”แแ€กแ€–แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€†แ€”แ€–แ€›แ€”แ€…แ€…แฅแ€€แ€ปแ€™แ‚•แ€ฑแ€” E Kyone Shu (แแ€แ€แ‚แ€…)แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€แแƒแ€แ‚แ€… แ€™แ€แ€œแ‚แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ แ€žแ€‚แคแ€Ÿแ€กแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€ฑแ€…แ€กแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€€แ€”แ€›แ€…แ€ž แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…

Page 24: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013 A 24aMumfjim - Advertisement

Page 25: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013r*Fvmqkawmif;ESifh pmaMumif;xdk;aMumfjimrsm; A 25

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แ€แ‚”แ แ‚แ€แแƒ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แšแ€แ€ซแ€›แ€œ แ‚แƒแ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแƒแ‰แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€€แ€ปแ€™แ€แ€™แ€žแ€Š

แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€ "แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€†แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€†" แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„

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2013ckESpf azaz:0g&Dv 22&ufaeYwGif usa&mufonfh cspforD;vwf EdkEdkcif

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2013 azaz:0g&Dv 28&ufaeYwGif usa&mufaom r[mpnfe,fvSnfh

"rยฎuxdu urยฎXmemp&d, "rยฎmp&d, t&SifawZ0Eร…\ 65jynfharG;aeYrS

onf aemifESpfaygif;rsm;pGmwdkif csrf;omaysmf&TifpGm omoemhtusdK; o,fydk;

aqmif&GufEdkifygapaMumif; arG;aeYqkrGefydkYovdkuffygonf/

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Now HiringClass โ€œAโ€ Truck DriverFrom CA to East CoastContact: 626-400-8132 626-532-5362

Sushi qdkifa&mif;&ef&Sdonf

Newark, California Tel: (510) 505-4282 (Cell)

(408) 347-1962

แ€กแ€œแ€›แ€žแ€ŠMedical Clinic Assistant

Needed in San Jose & FremontMust speak English, Burmese,Mandarin must have some computer skill.

Tel: (408) 272-3580

tvdk&SdonfData Entry pma&;rwOD;Tel: (626) 203-5279

Room For Rent Large Room $ 410

Small Room $ 400 Include Utilities

Internet to pay $15Bathroom & Kitchen to share

Close to 10 & 605 FWY Tel: (626) 552-8181

Page 26: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013 A 26&efukefpm;nTef

แ . แ€ แ€› แ€ แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€€ แ€€ แ€Š แ€Š แ€‘ แ€™ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€† แ€„ แ€€ แ€ แ€€ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ

แ‚ . แแ…แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€• แ€€แ€†แ€šแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€† แ€„แ€€ แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€šแ€ธแ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€

แƒ . แ€† แ€„ แ€™ แ€œ แ€€ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€† แ€€ แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€šแ€›แ€šแ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ

แ„ . แ€œ แ€Šแ€ธ แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€— แ€Ÿ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€€ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€ฑแ€’ แš แ€ฅ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ž แ€• แ€” แ‚” แ€† แ€ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€†แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ

แ… . แ€ แ€€ แ€œ แ€š แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€Ÿ แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแคแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ@ แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€… แ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ Thai

Expressแ†. แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€•แ€‡แ€ผแ€”แ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€แ€žแ€•

แ€”แ‚” แ€„แ€›แ€•แ€žแ€ธแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌ....แ‡. แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ธ แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€แ€แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€€ แ€šแ€ธแ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€•แˆ. แ€†แ€ฌแ€แ€™ แ€กแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ‰. Green Curry Seafood Spaghetti @

Coffee Circleแ แ€ . แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ฅ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€กแ€žแ€•แ€…แแ. Signature แ€žแ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€Š แ€’แ€”แ€แ€ฅแแ‚. แ€กแ€„แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธ KKS แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€„

แแƒ. 369 แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€”แ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแแ„. แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€‚แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€กแ€„แ€Ÿแ€” แ€€แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€€แ€€แแ…. แแ‚ แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแแ†. แ€—แ€”แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€™แ€…แ€แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€†แ€ผแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑ

แ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ @ แ€™แ€œแ€แ€ธแแ‡. แ€€แ€”แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€œ แ€ฌแ€‚ แ€ผ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€Š

แ€†แ€แ€€ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแแˆ. Sushi @ Samuraiแแ‰. แ€šแ€‚แ€ธแ€”แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ‚แ€. Keco แ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€”แ€Ÿแ€ผแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‚แ. แ€” แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€…แ€• แ€ผแ€™ แ€•แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€›แ€

แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€‘แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€†แ€ผแ‚แ‚. แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€แ€„แ€› แ€˜แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€™แ‚Šแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ‚แƒ. Tokyo Fried chickenแ‚แ„ . แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ‚แ€ แ€†แ€” แ€ป แ€• แ€ แ€˜แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€แ€žแ€•

แ€กแ€žแ€ปแ€™แ€…แ€žแ€•แ‚แ… . แ€— แ€œ แ€ป แ€™แ€แ€‘ แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€ป แ€™แ€… แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€†แ€”แ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€†แ€ผแ‚แ†. Pepper Beef steakแ‚ แ‡ . แ€ฑ แ€› แ‚Š แ€™ แ€”แ€ธ แ€› แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€€

แ€กแ€˜แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ€‘แ€ธแ‚แˆ. Shake แ€œแ€€แ€–แ€€แพแ€€แ€€แ€ฅ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€Šแ‚แ‰. แ…แแ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€€แ€šแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€€

แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€•แ€”แ‚” แ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแƒแ€. แ€žแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€€ แ€”แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€…แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแƒ แ . แ€ก แ€™ แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€… แ€ธ แ€€

แ€กแ€…แ€€แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแƒแ‚. แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€ ....แ€™แ‚แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ.....

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€•แ€”แ‚”แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€‡แ€แ€€แƒ แƒ . แ€— แ€œ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€Š แ€ผ แ€” แ‚” แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ

แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€šแ€„แƒแ„. แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€

the ritzแƒแ…. แ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ‚€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€€แ€แ€„แ€แ€€

@ space barแƒ แ† . แ€…แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€… แ€ธ แ€€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€€

แ€กแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€แ€€แ€กแ€… แ€˜แ€ฅ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€†แ€ผแƒ แ‡ . แ€…แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€… แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€”แ€ธ

แ€ฅแ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ผแ€†แ€แ€€ แ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€Šแƒแˆ. แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ซ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€ธแƒ แ‰ . แ€ฑ แ€› แ‚Šแ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑ แ€’ แš แ€ แฝ แ€ผ แ€”แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ„แ€. แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ‰แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€› แ€„แ€ธแ€

แ€šแ€‡แ€”แ€•แ€œแ€ฌแ€‡แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€˜แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€žแ€•แ„แ. แ€€ แ€€แ€‘แ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€˜แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€”แ‚”

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€”

แ„แ‚. แแ‚แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€”แ‚” แ„แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€›แ€ แแ†แ… แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€•แ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€•แ€… แ€กแ€ฌแ€•แ€œแ€ฌแ€• แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€‡แ€แ€€

แ„ แƒ . แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ แ€† แ€”แ€ธ แ€žแ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€„แพแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ

แ„แ„.แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€”แ€œแ€™แ€ธ ILBC แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€Š แ€€แ€•แ€…แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธ

แ„ แ… . แ€ž แ€› แ€™ แ€‚ แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€… แ€ธ แ€ก แพ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ผแ€ธ แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€ผแ€•

แ„แ†. แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ แ€…แ€™แ€†แ€ฌแ„แ‡. แ€…แ€แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€†แ€แ€…แ€ผแ€•แ„แˆ. แ€œแ€•แ€€แ€ธแ€†แ€—แ€„แ€ธ แ€”แ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ€‘แ„แ‰. แ€แ€šแ€›แ€™แ€”แ€ธ แ€†แ€แ€€แ€„แ…แ€. แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ‚แ€ แ€‚แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ…แ.แ€…แ€”แ‚”แ€ฉแ€‚แ€แ€…แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ‚”แ€› แ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€แ€„แ€ธ

แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€แ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ…แ‚. แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€•แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ… แƒ . T T C แ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€† แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€

แ€–แ€€แ€‘แ€•แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ…แ„. แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€€แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€’แ€‡แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ

แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€•แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€œแ€ธแ€•แ€›แ…แ…. Sport Bar แ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€”แ€กแ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€•แ…แ†. แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€œแ‚”แ€™แ€žแ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€…แ€…แ€

แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ปแ€™แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ…แ‡. แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ผ แ€ฆแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€€ แ€›แ€™ แ€แ€€แ€กแ€…แ…แˆ. แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€œแ€ธ แ€‡แ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ…แ‰. แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ปแ€™แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€†แ€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ†แ€. แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€€ แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ แ‚”

แ€šแ€ธแ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ†แ. แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€œ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ†แ‚. แพแ€€แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ผแ€”แ€ธ แ€’แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ†แƒ. แ€šแ€”แ€”แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€•แ€แ€€แ€„แ† แ„ . แ€ แ€€ แค แ€˜แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธ แ€€ แ€แ€ฑ แ€’ แš แ€› แ€”

แ€”แ€”แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€• แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ€šแ†แ…. Legacy แ€šแ€ธแ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‚แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€€แ†แ†. แ€€แ€”แ€›แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ†แ‡. แพแ€€แ€Šแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„

แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ†แˆ. แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€‘แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€„

แ€ซแ€ธแ€–แ€šแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€ผแ€•แ†แ‰. แแ€แ€แ€แ€” แ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ‡แ€. แ€แ€€ แ€’แ€ธแ€”แ€•แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€•แ€…แ‡แ. แ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€ฌแ€†แ€„แ€˜แ€„แพแ€€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€•แ‡แ‚. แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€˜ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€†แ€ผแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ‡แƒ. western park แ€‚ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€˜แ€€แ€„

แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€Šแ‚•แ€„แ€›แ€•แ€แ€ฅ แพแ€€แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€”แ€™แ€แ‡ แ„ . แ€ฑ แ€™ แ€ แ€ฌ แ€Š แ€ผ แ€” แ‚” แ€‡แ€ฌ แ€ แ€‚ แ€ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€€

แ€ก แ€› แ€™แ€ธ แ€Š แ€… แ€• แ€ แ€ แ€ก แ€• แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€–แ€šแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€ผแ€•

แ‡แ…. แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธแ€™แ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€•แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ‡ แ† . แ„ แ‰ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€• แš แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€‘ แ€• แ€€

r[m&efukefjrdKawmfMuD;u taumif;qHk;tpm;taomufpm&if; 101แ€žแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ

แ‡แ‡. แแƒแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€•แ€€ แ€žแ€ธแ€…USAแ‡แˆ. แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€‘แ€€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ

แ€„แ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€–แ€ แ€†แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€–แ€ FOC แ€แ€ฅแ€…แ€•แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€Š

แ‡แ‰. แƒแ†แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€™แ€ผแ€” แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแˆแ€. แ€กแ€„แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€• friendship แ€€

แ€‚แ€ธแ€žแ€• แ€†แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แˆแ. แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแˆ แ‚ . แ€™ แ€” แ€€ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€…แ€ฌ แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€

แ€ฑแ€› แ‚Š แ€•แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€„ แ€œ แ€€ แ€– แ€€ แ€› แ€Š แ€† แ€„แ€ฑ แ€˜แ€ธ แ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ แ€กแ€˜แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€Šแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ€„แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ€†แ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธ

แˆ แƒ . แ€ž แ€™แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€“ แ€™ แผแ€ฌ แ€› แ€™ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€‘แ€ธ แ€€ แ€™ แ€” แ€€ แƒแ€ธ แƒ แ€ แ€…แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€†แ€„ แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธ

แˆแ„. แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€ แพแ€€แ€€แ€€แ€„แˆแ…. signature แ€€ แ€…แ€€แ€”แ‚•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€™แ€”แ‚”แˆ แ† . แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€™ แ€œ แ€œ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ

แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแˆ แ‡ . แ€– แ€ฌ แ€• แ€œ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€˜ แ€€ แ€‘ แ€• แ€€

แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€€แ€„แ€žแ€•แˆแˆ.frolick แ€’แ€”แ€แ€ฅ แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€™แ€”แ‚•แˆแ‰. แ€กแ€„แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธ Sakura Residence แ€€

the best burger in townแ‰แ€. YKKO แ€กแ€ฌแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ‰แ. แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฅแ€€แ€œแ€ฌ แ€™แ€šแ€œแ€™แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€

แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€กแ€™แ€…แ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€€แ€„ แ€”แ€€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€˜แ€ฅแ€žแ€•แ‰ แ‚ . แ€ แ€› แ€ แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ แˆ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€‘ แ€• แ€€

แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€žแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€†แ€ผแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ‰แƒ. แ€žแ€™ แ€ป แ€– แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€‘แ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑ

แ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€€ แ€†แ€œแ€•แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€˜แ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€†แ€„

แ‰แ„. 77cheese cakeแ‰แ…. แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ‚แ€ แ€‘แ€• แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ‰แ†. Sharky แ€กแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€„แ‰แ‡.Thai Kitchen แ€แ€šแ€™แ€ธแ€” แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€

แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แคแ€ฌแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€žแ€•แ‰ แˆ . แƒ แ‡ แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€€ แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€„ แ€ผ

แ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ‰แ‰. Oriental House Dim Sum แ€”แ€›แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธ

แ€”แ€„แ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€” แ€˜แ€ฅแ€„ แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแแ€แ€. แแ‰แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€”แ‚”แ€†แ€แ€ผแ€€แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแแ€แ. แƒแˆ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€• แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€‘แ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€€

แ€แ€€แ€กแ€…แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€‡ ร€

แ€”แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ-Love BUDS แ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹

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Page 27: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013usrf;rma&;u@ A 27

oGm;usef;rma&;tar;tajzar;- uav;oGm;ub,ft&G,frSmpaygufovJ?แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–- แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€š แ†แ€œแ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€แ€”แ‚”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€€

แ‚แ‚แ€…แ€แ€ผ-แƒแ‚แ€…แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธ แ€…แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ar;- vlMuD;oGm;ub,ft&G,frSmpaygufovJ?แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–- แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€กแ€žแ€€แ†แ‚แ€…แ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ (Permanent 1st Molar)

แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แแ‡แ‚แ€…แ€™แ‚แแ‚แ€…แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แƒแ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€…แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€€แ†แ‚แ€…แ€™ แแ‚แ‚แ€…แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€œแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€†แ€€แ€แ€

แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ‚แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€กแ€แ€” (Mixed Dentition) แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ (แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ) แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ‚แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€›แ€žแ€œ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ‚แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ar;- uav;oGm;eJYvlMuD;oGm;bmuGmovJ?แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–- แ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แŠ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€€แ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แพแ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€”แ€”แ€•แ€แ€ซแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€™แ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€กแ€žแ€€แแ‚แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€œแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ

a'gufwmatmifrsdK;oefY

แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€™แ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ (Decidious Teeth) แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ-แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€œแ€šแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ (แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ)แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ (แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ)แ€…แ€ผแ€šแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ (แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ)แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ (แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ)แ€’แ€แ€šแ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ (แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ)แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€™แ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ (Permanent Teeth) แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ-แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€œแ€šแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ (แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ)แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ (แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ)

แ€…แ€ผแ€šแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ (แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ)แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€„แ€š แ„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ(แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ)แ€’แ€แ€šแ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€„แ€š แ„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ(แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ)แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ (แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ) แ€’แ€แ€šแ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ (แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ)แ€กแ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ (แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ) แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแƒแ‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Last Molar แ€กแ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€œแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…( แˆแ€%)แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€• แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€œแ€ฌ

แ€แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€แ‚•แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€‚แ€€แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€€ แ†-แ‡แ‚แ€… (แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ†แ€œ) แ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€€ แ†-แˆแ‚แ€… (แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ†แ€œ)แ€™แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€œแ€šแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•

แ€กแ€œแ€šแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ‡-แ‰แ‚แ€… แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€€ แ‰-แแแ‚แ€…(แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ†แ€œ)แ€™แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€„แ€š

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€€ แแ€-แแ‚แ‚แ€…(แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ†แ€œ)แ€™แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€’แ€แ€šแ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธ แ€’แ€แ€šแ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€„แ€š

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€€ แ‰-แแ‚แ‚แ€…(แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ†แ€œ)แ€™แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€šแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€šแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€žแ€€แแ-แแƒแ‚แ€…แ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€’แ€แ€šแ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€€แแ‡-แ‚แแ‚แ€…แ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ‚แ…แ‚แ€…แ€กแ€‘แ€กแ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ar;- MuD;oGm;aygufvmvdkYapmif;jyD;aygufvm&ifbmvkyf&rvJ?แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–- แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€แ€Šแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€„แ€šแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€œแ‚” แพแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€•แ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ‚แ€„แ€•

แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€„ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€”แ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€„แ€šแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ‚แ‚ˆแ€แ€•แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€„แ€šแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€• แพแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€•แ€‘แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Šแ‚‡แ€€แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€€

แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”(Orthodontist) แ€”แ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ€–แ‚”แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ar;- uav;b,ft&G,frSmoGm;ndยงukowmudkpEdkifovJ? แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–- แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€กแ€แ€” แ€กแ€žแ€€ แ†-แ‡แ‚แ€…แ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€™แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€•แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€›แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€

แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Šแ‚‡แ€€แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”(Orthodontist) แ€”แ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€แ€„แ€•แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€€แ€žแ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

ar;- usr uav;touf7eSpf &dSygjyD?

tay:oGm;wacsmif;xGufvmygjyD?

ab;csif;uyfvsuff aemufwacsmif;

uawm h x Gu frvmao;ygb l ; ?

pdk;&drf&ovm;? แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–- แ†แ€œแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แพแ€€แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€‘แ€ธ

แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€„ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ‚แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€แ€„แ€•แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€œแ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Šแ‚‡แ€€แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”(Orthodontist) แ€”แ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€แ€„แ€•แ€„แ€–แ‚”แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ar;- usroGm;u pm;wJhtcgrSm bmrS

rjzpfygbl;...a&aomufvdkuf&ifawmh

tenf;i,fusOfygw,f/bmvkyf&rvJ?แ€ฑแ€ป แ€– - แ€• แ€™ แ€” แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ป แ€– แ€„ แ€ก แ€› แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€กแ€ธ

แ€แ€ฑ แ€› แ€แ€ฑ แ€› แŠ แ€ก แ€› แ€™แ€ธ แ€• แ€แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฑ แ‚ แ€ผแ€ธ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€™ แ€œ แ€„ แ€œ แ€Šแ€ธ แ€› แ€ แ€ แ€› แ€€ แ€ก แ€• แ€ แ€”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€œ แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ป แ€ แ€„แ€ธ ( T h e rma l Shock )แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฅ แ€ป แ€ แ€„แ€ธ S e n s i t i v i t y แ€ป แ€– แ€… แ‚ แ€„ แ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€š แ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€”แ€œแ€„ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ซ (Dental Caries) แ€žแ‚”แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€–แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€Š แ€ป แ€ แ€„แ€ธ ( P e r i -o d o n t i t i s ) แ€ป แ€– แ€… แ‚ แ€„ แ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€š แ‹ แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€† แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ แ€” แ€” แ‚” แ€ป แ€• แ€ž แ€– แ‚” แ€œ แ€ก แ€• แ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€š แ‹ แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€› แ‚• แ€ก แ€ป แ€• แ€„ แ€†แ€ธ แ€œ แ‚Šแ€ฌ แ€ป แ€– แ€… แ€ แ€ฑแพ แ€€ แ€ผ แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ‚Šแ€ฌ แ€” แ‚” แ€ก แ€œ แ€š แ€œ แ‚Šแ€ฌ แ€ป แ€– แ€… แ€ แ€™แ‚Šแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚Šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ‚”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฅแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ar;- oGm;oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfjcif;eJ Y

oGm;ausmufjcpfjcif;[m r&dSrjzpfvdk

tyfovm;? b,fvdktusdK;aus;Zl;

awG&EdkifrvJ? yHkrSefb,fESpfvwcg

vkyfoifhovJ?แ€ฑแ€ป แ€– - แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€” แ‚” แ€› แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€œ แ€• แ€ป แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€” แ‚”

แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€แ€…แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ แ‚”แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€™แ€›แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œ แ€กแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ป แ€ แ€… แ€ป แ€ แ€„แ€ธ ( S c a l -

ing and Root Planing) แ€œแ€•แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€–แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€‚ แ€ซ แ€ป แ€– แ€… แ€• แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€šแ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€†แ€ธ แ‚แ€…แ‚แ€…แ€แพแ€€แ€™แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€แ€…แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€žแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ(Dental Flossing)แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ซแ€€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€šแ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€™แ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ†แ€œแ€แพแ€€แ€™แŠ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€• แ€ป แ€แ€„แ€ธ แŠ (Regu la r C l ean ing ) แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€€แ€šแ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€” แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€กแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€†แ€ธ แ€แ‚แ€…แ€แพแ€€แ€™แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€™แ€”แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ แ€šแ€žแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ร€

Page 28: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

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แ€šแ€แ‚แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€žแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜แ€€ แ€€ แ€™แ€ธ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€€ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€› แ‚• แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ‚” แ€› แ‚• แ€žแ‚€แ€€แคแ€”แ€•แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€€ แพแ€€แ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€™ แ‚” แŠ แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚• แ€™แ€แ€›แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€šแ€œแ€–แ€ธแ€”แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แพแ€€แ€œแ€ แ‹

แ€ปแ€—แ€Ÿแผแ€ฌ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ€˜แ€šแ€žแ‚”แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€Š แ€€ แ€™แ€žแ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€†แ€€แ€แ€œแ€€แ€€ แ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€™ แ€งแ€›แ€šแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€•แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€€ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€‡ แ แƒ แ‡ แ… แ€ แ€š โ€ฆ LA แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€žแ‚€แ€€แคแ€”แ€•แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ‚” Congresswomen Judy Chu, 49th District Assemblymember Ed Chau แ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ แ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ Rose-mead City Mayor แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€†แ€„แ‚แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ แ‹

แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Šแ€กแ€€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ‚ แ€™ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€›แ‚• แ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€…แ€œแ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€‘แ€แ€แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€ แ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€•แ€ผแ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€œ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€™แ€แ‚” แ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€…แ€ผแ€•แแ€žแ‚€แ€€แคแ€”แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€†แ€„แ‚แ€ผแพแ€€แ€œแ€ แ‹

แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€†แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€กแ€€แ€šแ€’แ€™แ€›แ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€š แ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ แ‚” แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€ แ€œแ€ แ‹ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€–แ€€แ€€ แ€‡แ€šแ€“ แ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„ แ€†แ€„แ‚แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ แ‹

แ€žแ‚€แ€€แคแ€”แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€žแ‚€แ€€แคแ€”แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€†แพแ€€ แ€œแ€ แ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€žแ‚€แ€€แคแ€”แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€€แพแ€€ แ€›แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ แ‹

แ€’แ‚แ€… แ€™แ€šแ€žแ‚€แ€€แคแ€”แ€™แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€Ÿแ€”แ‚ แ€„แ€žแ‚€แ€€แคแ€” แ€–แ€€แ€› แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€„แ€• แ€ผ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€• แ€œแ€ แ‹ แ€’ แ€• แ€ผ แ€€ B ADA แ€€แ€–แ€€แ€› แ€„ แ€™ แ€š แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€žแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€€ แ€†แ€แ€œแ€ แ‹

แ€ก แ€› แ€„ แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑ แ€ แ€ผ แ€œ แ€˜แ€ฑ แ€• แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€• แ€ฌ แ€• แ€ซแ€ธแ€• แ€ซแ€ธ แ€ฑ แ€› แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แพ แ€€ แ€› แ€œ แ€ แ‹ แ€’ แ€ซแ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€กแ€แ€แ€กแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€šแ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€ แ€œแ€™แ€œแ€ แ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€•แ€แ€™แ€ฌ แ€™แ€’แ‚แ€„ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ‚ˆแ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€› แ€ฑแ€” แ€ก แ‹ แ€’ แ€ซแ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€™ แ€ผ แ€” แ€œ แ€€ แ€” แ‚” แ€™ แ€’ แ€€ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€ แ‹

แ€แ€›แ€šแ€ฌแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€› แ€„ แ€€แ€›แ€… แ€€แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™,แ€šแ€œแ€ฌ แ€œแ€ แ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€‚แ€แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ€œแ€ แ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แŠ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแŠ แ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€Šแ€ผแ€”แ‚• แ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Šแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ผแพแ€€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€แ€ธแ€แ€แพแ€€ แ€œแ€ แ‹

แ€ž แ‚€ แ€€ แค แ€” แ€– แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€• แ€ผ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ก แ‚ แ€„ แ€› แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€”แ€•แ€š แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€†แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€œแ€ แ‹ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ธแ€แฝแ€ผแ€”แ€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ แ€žแ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€†แ€ แ€†แ€›แ€œแ€ แ‹

แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€• แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแŠ แพแ€€แ€›แ€ŠแŠ แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€…แŠ แ€กแ€žแ€•แ€…แŠ แ€™แ€” แ‚”แ€…แŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€› แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แพแ€€แ€œแ€ แ‹ แ€”แ€™แ€Šแ€› แ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€… แ€ผแ€™แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€„ แ€ผแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€– แ‚” แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€ แ€œแ€ แ‹

แ€“แ€ซแ€แ€• แพแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€žแ€›แ‚• แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€› แ‚•แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€“แ€ซแ€แ€•แ€œแ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ แ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€แ€„แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€š แ‚แ€„แ€œแ€ แ‹

Edd ie (Ach iever) แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€•แ€œแ€€แ€™แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€–แ€ซแ€€แ€˜ แ‚” แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€ แ‹ East-West Den-tal แ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€แ‚”แ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€™แ€ ipad 2 แ€€แ€™แ€ฑแ€–แ€ซแ€€แ€˜แ‚” แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ แ‹

แ€ž แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€™ แ€€แ‚ แ€ฌแ€œแ€•แ€– แ‚” แ€…แ€แ€’แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แฝแ€ผแ€ธแพแ€€แ€™ แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ แ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€” แ‚” แ€’แ€ซแ€”แ€žแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€ แ‚”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แฝแ€ผแ€ธ แ€œแ€ แ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€•แ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ€šแ€œแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€”แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€›แ€ แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€” แ‚” แ€งแ€Š แ€ แพแ€€แ€• แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ แ‹ แ€›แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€†แ€ผแ€žแ€• แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€€แฝแ€ผแ€ธ แ€œแ€ แ‹

แ€’แ‚แ€… แ€•แ€ผแ€œแ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€› แ€ฑแ€›แ€™แ€› แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ แ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™ แ€œแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œแ€กแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€› แ€œแ€ แ‹

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(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013urร‡mhowif;xl;rsm; A 29

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แ€€ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€’แ€‡แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแแ‰แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€†แ‚แตแ€›แ€„ แ‡แ….แˆ%แ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€€ แ€กแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€…แ€แ€” แ€žแ€…แ€แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€™แ€†แ‚แตแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แแ‰แ†แƒแ€™ แแ‰แ‡แ‰แ€กแ€‘ แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€กแ€•แ€แ€•

แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€•แ€แ€แ€Ÿแ€ธแ แ€žแ€™แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ž Park Geun-hye (แ†แแ‚แ€…แŠ New Frontier Party) แ€€ แ€™แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธ แ…แ.แ…แ…%-แ„แˆ.แ€แ‚% แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€กแ‚แ€„แ€›แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€ฅแ€ธแ€†แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ‚แ€แแƒ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แšแ€แ€ซ แ€›แ€œ แ„แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€…แฅแ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ž แ€แ€”แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แพแ€€แ€Šแ€›แ‚ˆแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ร€

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Page 30: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013

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1036 S Fourth StreetAlhambra, CA 91801Ph:: (626) 299-7566Cell:: (626) 679-6770

E-mail:: [email protected] [email protected]&jyD

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Obtaining corporate credit can be incredibly valuable and a real asset to small business owners and entrepreneurs. Many small business owners rely on their personal credit to fund their busi-nesses. Therefore, it is crucial to first establish a good personal credit. But when you use personal credit, your mortgage, auto loan and personal credit cards all affect your ability to qualify for a business loan.

A strong business credit history enable you access to capital with favorable financing rate. To start building your business credit, here are the steps you should take:

1. Set Up a Business Entity โ€“ A corporation, LLC or sole proprietor. One must understands that for a sole proprietor all business loans are actually personal loans.2. Get a Tax ID Number (EIN) โ€“ Tax ID number assigned by IRS.3. Open a Business Account โ€“ Use your EIN, open a check-ing account in your legal business name.4. Registered with Business Credit Bureau โ€“ Apply the free Dun and Bradstreet number online. 5. Establish Business Trade Accounts โ€“ Companies like Sta-ples, Office Depot, UPS, FedEx, Lowes and Home Depot normal-ly willing to extend credit to your business even if your company has no credit history, most likely with limited terms and low credit limits. The good news is these vendors will report your payment history to the bureaus. Make a few small purchases regularly and pay as soon as possible after your purchase. Never late! 6. Obtain a dedicated business phone line โ€“ get this phone number listed in the 411directory so lender or supplier can com-plete all aspect of its verification during the underwriting process.7. Open a Business Credit Card Account โ€“ Together with the DUNS number and a few active trade accounts with good pay-ment history for at least 6 months, meet up with your banker and explaining to them you want to open a Business Visa or Master Card Account. The key is to use your business credit history to apply for these accounts not your personal credit. Use the card with credit building in mind and make full payment as soon as

possible or better before you receive the statement.8. Apply for a small short term business loan โ€“ You might not need this loan, but this is a good way to build your busi-ness credit. Once you secured the loan, make sure you pay on time if not pay in full before the term mature. Example, pay a 90 days term loan in 60 days. 9. Review your business credit report regularly to en-sure your credit profile is accu-rate and up to date.

Building your business credit, can improve your companyโ€™s image, protect your personal credit, limit your personal li-ability and increase your credit capacity since businesses can obtain greater financing then an individual.

PACE Business Development Center committed to provide comprehensive business as-sistant and support to entre-preneurs and small business owners. As a non-profit com-munity lender, we understand your needs and we have the experience to help you create a pathway to business success.

For business loan and credit building contact: Wai Ling Chin at [email protected] or (213) 989-3169

Establishing Business CreditBy Wai Ling Chin

Page 31: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013

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(แ‚แ€แแ) แ€™แ€แ€œแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€‘ แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€› แ€ผแ€ธแ€ แ€šแ€แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€…แ€™ แ€žแ€” แ‚” แ€› แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€…แ€กแฟแ€–แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€—แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ธแ€™แ€แ€ซแ€’แ€กแฟแ€–แ€… แ€‘แ€แฟแ€•แ€”แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ (แ‚แ€แแ‚) แ€แ€…แ‚แ€…แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแฟแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ‚แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€œแ€Šแ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€€ แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€•แฟแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ (transparent)แ€กแ€•แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแฟแ€–แ€…แ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€„แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแฟแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€œแ€‘แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„แ€•แ€‚แขแ€œแ€€แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€ซ แ€กแ€แ€œแ€€แ€แ€ผแพแ€€แ€›แ€”แ€‘แ€•แ€™แ‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€•แ€ซ แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€šแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€€แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€ แฟแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€กแ€†แ€€แ€†แ€€แ€œแ‚Šแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€• แ€‘แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แฟแ€•แ€”แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€”แพแ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€” แแ€กแพแ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€ฑแฟแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แ€žแ€œแ€แ€Šแ€†แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€œแ€•แ€‘แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแฟแ€–แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแฟแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€œแ€€แ€•แ€Šแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ โ€œแ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€‡แ€„แ€ธโ€แ€™แ€”แ€žแ€™แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€…แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€™แ€แ€•แ€แ€„แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€แ€„แฟแ€•แ€แ€ผแ€„แฟแ€•แ€แ€€แ€›แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ โ€œแ€แ€„/แ€‘แ€โ€แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€™แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€žแฟแ€•แ€”แ€ก แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ โ€œแ€‘แ€/แ€แ€„โ€แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€žแ€แ€†แ€„แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแฟแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€›แ€”(แ‚แ€แแ)แ‚แ€…แ€œแ€Šแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€… แ€แ€„แ แ€…แ€„แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€…แ€€แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€แพแ€€ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€€แŠ แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€‚แขแ€œแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€€แ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ (แ‚แ€แแ‚)แพแ€žแ€‚แ€แ€œแ€แ€ผแ€„ แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ€žแ€™แพแ€€ แ€แ€„แแ€แ€„แฟแ€•แ€…แ€…แ€…แ€™แ€แ€šแ€›แฟแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™ แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แฟแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€€ แพแ€žแ€‚แ€แ€œ(แ‚แ)แ‚แ€แแ‚แ€‘แ€แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แฟแ€„แ€ฌแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ (แแ‰แ†แ‚)แ€แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€œแ€€แ€‘แ€€แ€€แฟแ€•แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€•แ‚แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’ แ‚แ€„แ€œแ€•แ€‘แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€œแ€€แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€แ€„แ€†แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€ แ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„แ€‘แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€•แ‚แ€•แ€™แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€™แŠแ€šแ€„แ€ธแ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€€แฟแ€•แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€™แ€€แ€šแ€€แ€™แ€™แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€”แ€…แฟแ€–แ€„แŠ แ€†แ€„แฟแ€แ€„แ€แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€€แ€„แ€…แ€ผแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แพแ€€แ€›แ€” แ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€‘แ‚”แ€กแฟแ€•แ€„ แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€กแ€ฑแฟแ€แ€แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€™แ€†แ‚แตแ€€แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€–แšแ€‘แ€แ€แ€ผแ€„ (freedom of expression) แ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€œแ€€แ€”แ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€„แ€แ€(codeofethics) แ€…(แ…)แ€แ€€แ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€แฟแ€•แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€˜แ€€แ€™แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€”แŠแ€˜แ€€แ€…แ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€แ€„แฟแ€• แ€›แ€”แŠแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€™แ‚แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€šแ€™แŠแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€™แ‚แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€กแฟแ€™แ€šแ€ฅแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แพแ€€แ€›แ€”แŠแ€’แ€™แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแฟแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ‚แ€„แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€แแ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€™แ€€แ€™แ€ฑแ€™แพแ€€แ€›แ€”แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€ฑแฟแ€แ€แพแ€€แ€›แ€” แ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€šแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแฟแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€กแ€แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแแ€ฑแฟแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€แ€ผแ€„แŠแ€‘แ€แฟแ€•แ€”แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€›แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€œแ€žแ€›แ€„แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ แฟแ€•แ€”แ€แ€žแ€œแŠ แ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€›แ€ธ แ‚แ€„แ€žแ€™แผแ€แแ€ฑแฟแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€›แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€™แ€แ€‘แ€แฟแ€•แ€”แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแพแ€€แ€™แพแ€€แ€™แ€กแ€–แ€”แ€–แ€”แฟแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€™แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€™แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€แพแ€€แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€›แ€™แ€Š แ€•แ‚แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€แ€•แ€แ€„แ‚แ€„แฟแ€–แ€”แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€™แ‚ˆแ‚”แ€—แ€Ÿแ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ€€แ€–แ€ผแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€œแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธแŠ แ€šแ€แ€„แ€€แ€…แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€แ€•แ€แ€„ แฟแ€แ€„แ€ธแ‚ แ€„ แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€… แฟแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€“แ€€แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแฟแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€Šแฟแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ periodicals แ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€แšแ€†แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€•แ€แ€…แ€ฅแ‚แ€„แ€œแ€…แ€ฅแ€‘แ€ แ€‚แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€‚แขแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แแ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€œแŠ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€กแ‚แ€ž แ€…แ€€แ€”แ€™แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€”แ‚แ€„แ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ internet websites แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€žแฟแ€–แ€„ blogs แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€™แ‚ˆแ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€…แŠ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ‚แ€„แ€šแ€แ€…แ€ผแ€กแ€†แ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€™แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ websites แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ€กแฟแ€•แ€„แ€€แ€šแ€•แ€„ Facebookแ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ‚”แ€™แ€›แพแ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€žแ‚• แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€Šแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€‚แคแ€œแ€•แ€…แ€ฌแ€œแ€ธ letters แ€€แฟแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€กแ€žแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€แ€„ (chatting) แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธwebsiteแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ Facebook แ€œแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€€ แ€กแ€” แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€šแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€€แ€“แ€ซแ€แ€•แ‚แ€„แ€—แ€’แ€šแ€›แ€€แ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€…แ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€™แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€žแ‚”แ€•แ‚•แ‚แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€žแ‚” แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแฟแ€–แ€„แ€™แ€˜แ€กแ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ‚แ€„แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแพแ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€™แ€€แ€œแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแฟแ€แ€žแ‚•แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€•แฟแ€•แ‹

แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€€แ‚แ€ฌแ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแแŠ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€กแ€†แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ (pro -government) Facebook แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€…แ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€แฟแ€–แ€…แ€œ แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€„แฟแ€–แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€แ€„แ€‘แ€•แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€ธแ€แ‚”แแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แŠ bolgsแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€€แŠ แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€ แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€…แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ผแŠ แ€…แ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€แ€™แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€แ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€…แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ซแ€€แพแ€€แ€žแŠ แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ก แ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€• แ€แ€€แ€แ€€แ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€แ€€แ€›แ€€แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€แ€€แแ€แ€–แ€žแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€œ แฟแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌ website แฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Š www.myanmar.comแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ‚” แฟแ€•แ€”แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€”แพแ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ www.ministryofin-formation.gov.mm แ€€แŽแŠ แ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€›แ€ธwebsiteแ€กแฟแ€–แ€… www.president-office.gov.mmแ€žแ€ŠแŽแŠ แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฅแ€€แ€Œแ€žแ€›แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€™แ€”แ€ธ แแ€แ€…แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€แ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€ฑแฟแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€…แ€ฑแฟแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€ซแ€’แ€€ แ€‘แ€„แ€Ÿแ€•แ€ฑแ€…แ€™แ€Š www.pyithuhluttaw.gov.mmแ€แ€€แ€กแฟแ€• แ€„แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€œแ‚Šแ€„ แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแฟแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€”แพแ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€กแ€ฑแฟแ€แ€แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€ธ แ‚แ€„ แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€แ‚”แ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€›แ€„แ€ธ websites แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€œ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€€แŠ แ€šแ€„แ€ธwebsiteแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€šแ€แ€„แ€€ แ€™แ€™แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แแ€™แ€แ€ซแ€’แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€€แ€€ แ€แ€„แฟแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€šแ€™แ€€แŠ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ‚แ€„แ€žแ€Š unitility features แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€‘แ€Šแ€žแ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€™แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แŠ แ€• แ€ผแ€„แ€œแ€„แ€ธ แฟแ€™แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€ แ€ซแ€’ แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แฟแ€•แ€”แ€Ÿแ€•แ€ฑแ€…แ€œแ€žแ€Šแ€›แ€Šแ€› แ€ผแ€šแ€ แ€€ แฟแ€–แ€„ แ€ฑแ€–แšแฟแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€žแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แŠ แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ‹ แ€™แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แแ€กแ€›แ€”แ€กแ€Ÿแ€”แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€กแ€€แ€šแฟแ€•แ€”แ€กแ€‘แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€“แ€€แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ media (แƒ) แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€€แŠ แ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฅแ€‘แ€แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚แ€„ แ€›แ€•แฟแ€™แ€„แ€žแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€œแ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€™แ€‘แ€„แ‹ แ€œแ€€แ€› แฟแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€› แ€• แฟแ€™แ€„แ€ž แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„แ€กแ€žแ€œแ‚Š แ€„แ€œ แ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธ แ€€แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€› ( แ€žแ€™แ€Ÿแ€) แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ‚ แ€„แ€–แ€€แ€…แ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ (แ€ฅแ€•แ€™แ€ฌ- แฟแ€™แ€แ€แŠ แ€•แ€แฟแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚ŠแŠ แ€แ€šแ€›แŠ แ€•แ€ฅแฅแ€แ€ แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€) แ€ แ‚”แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€‘แ€แ€œแ‚Šแ€„แ‚แ€„แ€›แ€” แ€แ€€แ€›แ€€แ€ แ€•แ€€แ€„แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€™แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”server แพแ€€แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€œแ€„แŠ แ€›แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€• แ€แ€šแ€œแ€•แ‚” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€•แŠ (แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„)แ€แ€•แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€œแฟแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€•แ‚แ€„ แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€›แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€แ‚•แ€€แ€กแ€ฑแฟแ€แ€แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ email แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌblogsitesแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€œแ€‘แ€€แ€กแฟแ€•แ€”แ€กแ€œแ€”แ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€ž แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€•แ€›แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แพแ€€แ€•แพแ€€แ€Šแ€›แ€แ€Šแ€ธแฟแ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€†แ€„แ€ธแฟแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€›แŠแ€†แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€แ€€แ€€ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€•แ€„แฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€…แ€แ€”แ€šแ€„แ€ธmedia แ€€แ€•แ€‚แขแ€œแ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€œแ€• แ€œแ€•แ€•แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€กแ€›แ€•แ€œแ€€แกแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€šแ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€Ÿแ€šแ€†แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€•แ€‚แขแ€œแ€€แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€ผแ€„แฟแ€•แ€™แ€Šแฟแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ (แ‚แ€แแƒ) แ‚แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แฟแ€„แ€ฌแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€šแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแฟแ€แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€แ€Ÿแ€†แ€›แ€œแ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€™แ€‘แ€„แ‹ แ€šแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แฟแ€„แ€ฌแ€แ€€แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€•แ€‚แขแ€œแ€€แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž(แแ†)แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แŠแ€™แ€แ€œแ€ก แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€šแ€ฌแ€šแ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€šแ€ฌแ€šแ€†แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Šแ€›แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€„

แ€ฑแพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€‘ แ€„ แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€• แš แ€œ แ€ผ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€• แ€ž แ€Š แ‹ แ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€„แ€„ แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€•แ‚แ€•แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€ผแ€„แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แŠ patency แ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™ แ‚ˆแ€•แ€„แ€ แ€ผแ€„แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แฟแ€–แ€„แ€•แ€Šแ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€† แฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€†แ€œแ€žแ€Šแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€›แแ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€†แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แŠ แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€…แ€ฌแŠ แ€‘แ€แ€žแ€Šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€• แ€€แ€šแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€šแพแ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€• แš แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€•แ€™แ‚ˆแ‚•แ€”แ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆแ‚”แ€›แ€แ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€€แ€šแฟแ€–แ€…แ€€แ€šแ€แŠ แฟแ€•แ€”แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€†แ€„แพแ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€†แ€œแ€žแ€Šแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แฟแ€•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แฟแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€œแŠ แ€€แ€šแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€€ แ€€แ€šแ€•แ€„แ€•แ€„แ€šแ€›แ€™แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€€แ‚แ€„ แฟแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Šแ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ‚แ€ฌแ€„แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€คแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ‚ แ€„แ€† แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€‡แ€„แ€ธ แ€ก แ€– แ€ผ แ€ก แ€… แ€Šแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€œ แ€€ แ€”แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€„แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€„แ€แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€ž แ€•แ€„แ€แฟแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ‚ แ€„ แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€–แ€„ แ€œแ€€แ€› แ€แ€Šแ€†แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€€แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€แ€€แ€€แ€™แ€€แ€แ€Šแ€™แฟแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€˜แ‚”แ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€กแ€†แ€€แ€†แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€…แ€”แ€… แ‚แ€„ แ€…แ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€แ‚•แ€€แ€™แ€™แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ‚Šแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€“แ€€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ‚แ€„ แ€œแ€• แ€‘แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€แ€„แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€•แแ€œแ€€แ€™แ€แ‚แ€„แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแฟแ€–แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แŠ แ€šแ€แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ฑแฟแ€–แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฅแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€œแ€ผแ€”แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แพแ€€แ€›แ€”แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€œแ€กแ€•แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€™ แ€ แ‚•แ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€ แ€€แ€€ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€„ แฟ แ€•แ‚ แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แฟ แ€•แ€ธ แฟแ€– แ€… แฟ แ€•แ€ธ แŠ แฟแ€™ แ€„แ€›แ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€†แ€ แ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€แ€กแ€ แ€” แ‚ แ€„แ€แ€ฑแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€Šแ€ฑ แฟแ€–แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ (แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„) แฟแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€›แ€ฑแ€•แฟแ€•แ‹

Freedomแพแ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€˜แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€„แŠแ€œแ€€แ€แ€แ€ธแ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€‘แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแฟแ€–แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€œแ€™แผแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€”แ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€แ€แพแ€€ แ€˜แ€œแ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แฟแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€žแฟแ€–แ€„ แ€…แ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€™แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€–แ€แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ‚•แ€แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ internet blog แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ websites แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ c r i t i c แ€œแ€• แพแ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ‚ แ€„ แ€™แ€™แ€แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€แ€€แ€€ แ€แ€–แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€‘แ€‘แ€แ€€แ‚แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ€†แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€แ€€แ€€แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€‚แ€›แฟแ€•แ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€™แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€แ€…แ€˜แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€–แ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€™แ€žแ‚แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€ฑแฟแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€šแ แ€†แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€แ€แฟแ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€”แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€–แ€„ แ€„แ€šแ€€แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แšแ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€แ€„แ€ธแฟแ€–แ€„ แ€‘ แ€™แ€ฑ แ€ แ€™ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ แ€‚ แ€ แ€ž แ€€ แกแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ก แ€ แ€… แ€ก แ€‘ แ€† แ€ผ แ€ แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€Š แ€€ แ€žแ€แ€™แ€™แพแ€€แ€›แ€”แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€œแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€€แ€…แ€แ€„แ€แ€ซแ€… แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€„แ€กแ€žแ€…แ€แ€•แ€แ€ผแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€…แ€แ€„แฟแ€•แ€ธแŠ แ€ แ€ซ แ€› แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ž แ€ แ€ž แ€Š b l o g s i t e s แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ก แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€› แพ แ€€ แ€ž แ€Š แ€žแ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€€แ€€แ€œแ€€แ€แ€›แ€™แ€Šแฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€žแŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€… แ€ผ แ€™แ€ธ แ€› แ€Š แฟ แ€™ แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แŠ แ€ แ€ซแ€›แ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแแ€œ แ€€ แ€ แ€ผแ€ฑ แ€ แšแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ แ€” แ€• แ€„ แฟ แ€– แ€… แ€ž แ€Š แ‹ แ€ž แ€ แฟ แ€• แ€› แ€™ แ€Š แ€ก แ€ แ€€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ b l o g แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แพ แ€€ แŠ c r i t i c แ€œ แ€• แพ แ€€ แ€žแ€ฑ แ€ แ€ผ แ€ก แฟ แ€• แ€„ แŠ แ€™ แ€Š แ€ž แ‚• แ€™ แ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€„ แ€™แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แพ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€œ แ€Šแ€ธ แŠ แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€€ แ€• แ€ซ แ€กแ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€›แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€ แ€€ แ€ก แ€œ แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€… แ€ผแ€ฌ ( แ€ž แ‚” แ€™ แ€Ÿ แ€ ) แ€• แ€™ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ€Š แพ แ€€ แ€ž แ€€ แ€ผ แ€™แ€ธ แ€€แ€„แ€žแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€‘แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€žแ€€แแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€›แพแ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€แ€€แ€€แ€•แ€„แ‹ แ€™แ€™แแ€แ€„แฟแ€•แ€แ€€แ€€แ€™แ€™แ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€€แŠแ€œแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„blogแแ€‚แ€แฟแ€’แ€•แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€€แกแ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€ผ แ€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€žแ€แ€™แ€™แพแ€€แ€›แ€”แ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹

โ€œ แ€„ แ€ซ แ‚ แ€• แ€€ แ€ผ แ€• แ€œ แ€€ แ€œ แ€’แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ แ€œ แ€€แ€› แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€Ÿ โ€ แ€Ÿแ€œแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ แ€™แ€œแ€ผแ€™ แพแ€€แ€›แ€”แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€žแ€ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€™ แพแ€€แ€˜แ‚”แ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€™ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ แ€„ แ€แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€‡แ€ฌ แ€ แ€™ แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€› แ‚Š แ€™แ€”แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แแ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€ฑแ€ž แ€ผแ€ธ

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แ€€แ€กแ€€แฟแ€–แ€แพแ€€แ€ž แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€™แ€ž แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€œแ€‘แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€„แฟแ€–แ€… แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€”แ€™แ€”แ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€šแ€‚แ€€แ€žแ€แฟแ€•แ€”แ€›แพแ€€แ€˜แ‚”แ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€แ€„แฟแ€•แ€žแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€• แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธ แฟแ€•แพแ€€แ€žแ€œ แŠแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แแ€กแ‚แ€…แ€žแ€ฌแ€›แ€€แ€แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€–แ€แ€› แพแ€€แ€ž แ€…แ€ฌแ€–แ€แ€•แ€›แ€แ€žแ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแฟแ€•แ€”แ€กแ€œแ€”แ€กแ€™แ€žแ€Ÿแ€ปแ€• แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€„แ‹

แฟแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แแ€œแ€€แ€›แ€กแ€ฑแฟแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€”แฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€กแ€†แ€€แ€†แ€€แ€€แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€•แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ แ€แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€แ€แ€ซแ€’แ€€แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แŠ แ€šแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€แ€แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€Šแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Šแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€”แ€Ÿแฟแ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€”แฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€šแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€†แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€แ€–แ€€แ€€แฟแ€–แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€‘แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€… (แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€žแฟแ€–แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ แ€กแ€†แ€€แ€†แ€€แ€€แ€œแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ) แ€˜แ€แ€œแฟแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€…แ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€Ÿแ€†แ€›แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€…แ€แ€แ€™แ‚‘แ€„แ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€แšแ€†แ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ‚‘ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€Šแ€™แ€แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€”แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€แ€แ€€แฟแ€–แ€แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ก แ€™แ€”แฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€šแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€žแ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€“แ€€แฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€แ€…แฅแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€“แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€žแ€€แ€ž (แƒ) แ€ฅแ€ธ(แƒ)แ€–แ€œแ€šแ€œแ€ธแแ€›แ€•แ€แ€Šแ€แ€€แ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€„แแ€‚แ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€–แšแ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ€†แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€แ€€แ€€แฟแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แพแ€€แ€Šแ€แ€แพแ€€แ€˜แ‚”แ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€”แ€…แ€”แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€žแ€œแ€€แ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€•แ€ แ€•แ€žแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€› แ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แŠ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ‚แ€„ แ‚”แ€œแ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแพแ€žแ€‡แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€Šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแแ€œแ€•แ€›แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแแ€ฑแฟแ€™แ€šแ€ฌแ€”แ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แŠ แ€…แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€€แ€ แ‚”แ€แ‚”แ€™ แ‚”แ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€šแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€กแ€ฑแฟแ€แ€แแ€”แ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€”แ€›แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€…แ‚แ€„ (แ€กแพแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€€แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€ธ) แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€† แพแ€€แ€™แ€Šแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠแ€šแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€™ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€›แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€‘แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€œแ€€แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€€แ€™แธแ€แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€แ€•แ€†แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€แ€€แ€แ€แ€€แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ซแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธแŠ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ‚แ€„แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€€แกแ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แพแ€€แ€ธแ€†แฟแ€•แ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€™แ€แฟแ€•แ€ธแŠ แ€–แ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€†แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€แ€€แŠ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€กแ€•แ€แ€•แ€žแ€แ‚” แ€•แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€…แพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€›แ€„แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€กแ€‘แ€„แ€€แ€›แ€•แ€‚แขแ€œแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€›แ€„แ แ€กแ€…แ€›แ€„แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ‚แ€„ แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€แ€แ€žแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€”แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแฟแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€”แ€›แ€”แพแ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ž แ€„แ€ซแฟแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€„แ€ซแ€…แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€…แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แพแ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€œแ€œแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€Šแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€‘แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€€แ€›แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€šแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€‘แ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€คแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แแ€กแ€™แ€”แ€€แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€€แฟแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แพแ€€แ€Šแ€แ€แพแ€€แ€˜แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€˜แ€€แ€™แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แŠ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ‚แ€„แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€€แกแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€‚แ€›แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€€แกแ€ฌแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€“แ€›แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€„แ€กแ€™แŠแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแแ€กแ€“แ€€แ€™แ‚‘แ€„แพแ€€แ€ธ(แ…)แ€›แ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€™แ€Š แ€†แ€žแ€Šแ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€˜แ€œแ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แแ€˜แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€แšแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ CNN News Network แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚•แ€…แ€ฅแ€‘แ€แ€œแ‚Šแ€„แ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€”แ€‘แ€•แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€€ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€‚แ€›แฟแ€•แ€แ€›แฟแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€šแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแแ€™แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€แ€€แ€™แŠ แ€กแ€แ€”แ‚แ€„แ€แ€ฑแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€Šแ€‘แ€แ€œแ‚Šแ€„แ‚แ€„แ€™ แ‚”แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€‚แ€แ€•แ€’แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€•แ€„แฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€˜แ€€แ€œแ€€แ€™แ‚”แ€Ÿแ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€”แ€แ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€…แฅแฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€œแŠ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€€แ€›แ€”แ€แ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€…แฅแ€แ€…แ€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ BBC/VOA/AP แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€แ€œแ‚Šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€ŠแŠ แ€™แ€™แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแแ€แ€ซแ€’แ€œแ‚Šแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€™แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ‹ Democratic แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€˜แ€€แ€šแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ CNN แ€žแ€Šแ€•แ€„แ€œแ€„แ€‘แ€กแ€‘แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€แ€แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„แ€•แ€„แ‹ แ€žแ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€™แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€œแ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€™ แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Šแ€Šแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠแ€กแ€แ€•แ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€„แ€…แ€ธแ€™แ‚”แ€กแ€“แ€•แธแ€ซแ€šแ‚แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€„แฟแ€•แ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€€แ€„แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ‚แ€„แฟแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€šแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แฟแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€šแ€แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™แ€œแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€† แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แแ€‚แ€แ€›แ€Šแฟแ€™แ€„แ€แ€€แ‚แ€„แ€™ แ‚” แŠ แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€€แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€แ€•แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฅแ‚แ€„แ€กแ€™แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แพแ€€แ€Šแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแŠ แ€›แ€•แฟแ€™แ€„แ€žแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€€แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแฟแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ แ€€แ€„แ€แ€แ€†แ€„แฟแ€แ€„แ€แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€„แ€™แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€•แฟแ€•แ‹ แ€šแ€แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแŠ แ€‚แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€™แ€Šแ€กแ€žแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Šแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ€ผ แ€›แ€žแ€Š แ‹ แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€œแพแ€€แ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ โ€œแ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€†แ€แ€–แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธโ€ แ blog แ€€แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€›แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€›แ€„แ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€› แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€‘แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ‚”แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ€แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€–แ€”แ€แ‚แ€„แ€›แ€Šแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€• แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”

pm 31 jrefrmhrD'D,m rS แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€–แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€™แ€–แ‚แ€„แฟแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แŠ แ€แ€–แ€€แ€€แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€†แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€ฌแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€•แฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€œแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€›แ€„แ€ธแฟแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€™แ€แ€„แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€šแ€™แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แŠ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€“แ€ซแ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแฟแ€แพแ€€แ€€ แฟแ€•แ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€ธ แฟแ€• แฟแ€•แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แพแ€€ แ€€ แพแ€€ แ€žแ€Šแ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€•แ€„แ‹

แ€‘tabloidแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€šแ€™แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€–แ€…แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€–แ€แ€žแ€แ€€แ€šแ€–แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„แ€แ€”แพแ€€แ€›แ€”แ€›แ€Šแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€›แ€„แ€ธแฟแ€–แ€… แ€žแ€Šแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแฟแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ผแ€šแŠ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ผแ€šแฟแ€•แ€ธแŠ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€†แ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€”แ€•แ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€›แ€œแ€ผแ€š แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€šแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€œแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€›แ€„แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€†แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€แ€€แ€€แฟแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แพแ€€แ€Šแ€แ€แพแ€€แ€˜แ€œแ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€œแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€™ แ€” แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€… แ€ผแ€ฌ แฟแ€™แ€„แ€แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แฟแ€–แ€… แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แฟแ€„แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แŠ แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€€แ€›แ€›แ€แ‚”แ€แ€แ€„แฟแ€•แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แŠ แ€˜แ€€แ€™แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€€แ‚แ€„แพแ€€แ€žแ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€€แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€žแ€ŠแŠ

แฟแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€€แ€ž แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€œแ€…แ€Ÿแ€แ€ซแ€…แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€แ แ€™แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แพแ€€แ€• แพแ€€แ€Šแ€› แ€ฑแ€แ€–แ€” แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€˜แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ‚แ€„แ€„ แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€„แ€œแ€„ แŠ แ€คแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€…แ‚ แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€€แ‚แ€„แ€›แ€” แพแ€€ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€† แฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€‘แ€‘แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ‚แ€„แ€„ แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‚แ€›แฟแ€•แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€šแ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแŠ แฟแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€แ€€แ€žแ€…แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แพแ€€แ€ธแ€œแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€แฟแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แฟแ€•แ‹ แ€ž แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แฟ แ€ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ แ€… แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ แ€” แŠ แ€€แ€šแ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€› แ€€ แ€ฑแฟแ€ แ€žแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แฟแ€•แ‚แ€„แ€™ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ แ€” แฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แฟ แ€•แ€Šแ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€› แ€žแ€Š แ€Ÿแ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€™แ€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€ž แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แฟ แ€•แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€œแ€ฑ แฟ แ€•แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แŠ แ€ฑ แ€ แ€ผแ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แŠ แ€ฑแ€ แ€– แ€” แ‚ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ก แ€› แ€Š แ€กแ€ฑ แ€ž แ€ผแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€– แ€” แ€แ€ธ แพ แ€€ แ€˜ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€• แ€ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แŠ แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’ แฟแ€• แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แŠ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€€แ€™แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€™แ‚‘แ€„แพแ€€แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแฟแ€•แ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€™แŠ แ€œแ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€œแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€™แ€Š แฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€•แ€แ€•แ€žแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€กแพแ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€œแ€‘ แ‚แ€„ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€‚แ€›แฟแ€•แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แŠ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚•แ€แ€“แ€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แฟแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€„แ€™ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ‹ร€

Page 33: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013enf;ynmaqmif;yg;

โ™ฆ แ€žแ€„แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€žแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ€แ€›แ€ฑแ€…แ€™แ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ..?โ™ฆ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ(U.S.)แ€žแ‚” แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแพแ€€ แ€™แ€€แ€…แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€›แ€ธ แ€•แ‚”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ..?โ™ฆ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€žแ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ปแ€™ แ‚”แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ..?โ™ฆ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€กแ€”แ€‚แ€œแ€…แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€ NetMAA( แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ-แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€” แ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€šแ€€แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธ)แ€™ แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€…แ€กแ€†แ€ธ (แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€™แ€š) แแ…แ€›แ€€แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€šแ€•แ‚”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€™แ€แŠแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€”/แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€šแ€™แ€Š แ€กแ€žแ€€ (แแ€-แแ†)แ‚แ€…แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€"แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแพแ€€"แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

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NetMAA2168 S. Atlantic Blvd., Suite 230Monterey Park, CA 91754 USAwww.netmaa.org email: [email protected] M. Naing (626)757 4319

Myanmar Rep U San Nyunt @ 09 731 52499

แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€•แ€ซ..แ‹

A 33

or&dk;usr[kwfwJh D pepf&JUpGrf;yum; TED Talk Conference แ€†แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€…แ€แ€”แ€šแ€•แ€šแ€…แ€€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€•แ€‚แขแ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ผ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ TED แ€€ The Sapling Foundation แ€€แ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แแ‰แˆแ„แ€แ‚แ€…แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€€แ€šแ€œแ€–แ€ธแ€”แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€™แ€ฌ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€กแพแ€€แ€™ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แแ‰แ‰แ€แ€€แ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ Ted Talk แ€Šแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ‚แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€•แ€ซ แ€แ€šแ‹Ted Talk แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌ แ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚” แ€žแ€•แธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ Bill Clinton, Microsoft แ€•แ€„แ€›แ€„ Bill Gate แ€”แ‚” Google แ€€ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ Larry Page แ€”แ‚” Sergey Brin แ€แ‚” แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ TED Talk แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€แ€˜แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ TED Talk แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ www.ted.com แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€™แพแ€€แ€Šแ€›แ‚ˆแ‚แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€™แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Šแ€›แ‚ˆแ€ž

แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€žแ€”แ€ธแแ€แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ TED Talk Conference แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ แ€—แ€’แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€—แ€Ÿแ€žแ€ แ€›แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€–แ‚” แ€’แ€€แ‚‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€‡แ€ผแ€”แ€œแ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€”แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ Robert Neuwirth แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€žแ€™ แ€›แ€ธแ€€แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ- The Power of Informal Economy แ€†แ€ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€‘แ€™ แ€™แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ‚แ€…แ€แ€•แ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Robert Neuwirth แ€€ แ€ž แ„แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€œแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€• แ€‘แ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€€ แ€กแ€’แ€œ แ€™แ€แ€•แ€แ€„แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€žแ€…แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธ Dรฉbrouillardise แ€› แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ D แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€œแ‚” แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€œแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€„แ€แ€„แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€กแ€’แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€…แ€œแ‚” แ€ฑแ€แšแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€žแ€•แ€…แ€แ€™แ€แ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€กแ€’แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€…แพแ€€แ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ.แˆแ€˜แ€œแ€š แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€œแ‚” แ€žแ€€ แ€†แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€แ‚แ€…แ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผ แแ€แ€‘แ€›แ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌ แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ D แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€•แ€™แ€”แ€†แ€€แ€œแ€€แ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แแ…แ‚แ€…แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแปแ‚”แ€กแพแ€€แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€…แพแ€€แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€แ€šแ€œแ‚” แ€†แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Robert Neuwirth แ€€แ‚แ€„แ€‚แ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ Lagos แ€ปแ€™ แ‚•แ€™ D แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฅแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ

Cedricแ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ปแ€™ แ‚•แ€™ Makoko แ€†แ€ แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€–แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€„แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€Š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€™แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€แ€šแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€†แ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€€แ€›แ€€แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€ฌแ€–แ€›แ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€œแ€šแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€™ UAC Foods แ€€แ€™แธแ€แ€€แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€‘แ€แ€

แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€…แ€แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€™แ€”แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ Lagos แ€ปแ€™ แ‚•แ€‘แ€™ แ€˜แ€แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‚แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€˜แ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Šแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€€ แ€—แ€€แ€‘แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฌ แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ„แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ UAC แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€› D แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ Procter & Gamble แ€› Mr. Clean แ€แ€†แ€• แ€กแ€™แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€› แ€ปแ€–แ€”แ‚”แ€

แ€แ€•แ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธD แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€แ‹ Wal-Mart แ€Ÿแ€ฌ Procter & Gamble แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แแ…แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ‚แ€”แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€€แ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€šแ€†แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€แ€€แ€šแ€•แพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€€ แพแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€แ€•แ€แ€„แ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€œแ€€แ€œแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€€แ€”แ€…แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€› แ‚แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€–แ‚” D แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€œแ‚”แ€†แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€˜แ€„แ€ธแ€–แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€™แธแ€ MTN แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ‚แ€„แ€‚แ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€›แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€กแ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ

แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€œ แ€–แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธ แ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€žแ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€šแ€œแ€–แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€œแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ... แ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€แ€•แ€แ€กแ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€• แ€™แ€š แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ MTN...แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€–แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แšแ€แ€• แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€–แ‚”แ€†แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€œแ€€แพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€–แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€ปแ€–แ€Šแ€€แ€’ แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ MTN แ€›แ‚•แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผ แ‰แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ‚แ€”แ€ธแ€€ แ€’แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€›แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Robert Neuwirth แ€€...แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ D แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…...แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแพแ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€แ€แ€†แ€•

แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€แ€แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ แ€แ€›แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ‚” แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€‡แ€ธแ€œแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€•แพแ€€แ€˜แ€ธแ€œแ‚” แ€†แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€กแ€’แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€”แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€แ€šแ€œแ‚” แ€†แ€แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ...Robert Neuwirth แ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€”แ€• แ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ€แ€€แ€™แธแ€แ€แ€…แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แ€ž แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€‘แ€™ แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€• แ€กแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€›แพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€กแ€†แ€ฌ แ€›แ€แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€แ€™แ€œแ€•แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€žแ€…แ€€ แ€กแ€แ€œแ€€แ€‘แ€แ€™แ€šแ€œ แ€™แ€›แ€›แ€„ แ€แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ‚” แ€†แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€€แ€šแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€แ€แ€šแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€‡แ€™แ€ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€…แ€€แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€šแ€€แ€™แ€แ€šแ‚แ€„แ€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€”แ€‚แ€€แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€€ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€˜แ€ธแ€œแ‚”แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€†แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€ แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€€แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ

แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€—แ€€แ€‘แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€› แ€ปแ€–แ€”แ‚”แ€แ‚แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€‘แ€Šแ€žแ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ‚• แ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€‘ แ€…แ€›แ€แ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€”แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€‘ แ€œแ€€แ€œแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€›แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€€แฝแ€ผแ‚แ€•แ€แ‚”แ€œแ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€Šแ€†แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€—แ€’แ€šแ€€ http://www.ted.com/talks/robert.neuwirth_the_

power_of_the_informal_economy.html แ€™แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Šแ€›แ‚ˆแ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Robert Neuwirth แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ‚แ€แแแ€™แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€›แ€แ€ แ€’แ€แ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€• Stealth of Nations:

The Global Rise of The Informal Economy แ€™แ€ฌ- แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€ธแ€€แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€D แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ร€

แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ‚”แ€‚แ€แ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธ(แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€กแ€”แ€ธแ€‚แ€œแ€… แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€แ€ผ)แ€€ แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€™แ€Š แ€’แ€แ€šแ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€™ แ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€€ แ€กแ€†แฟแ€•แ€„แ€•แ€ผแ‚แ€„ แ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€œแ€„ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผ แ€€ แ‚แ€แแƒ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œ แแแ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€Šแ€ฑแ€” แ„แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€™ แ€Šแ‰แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€‘ 635 E. Garvey Ave, Monterey Park, CA 91755 แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€‡ แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแŠ แ€…แ€Šแ€…แ€Šแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€šแ€แ‚แ€… แ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€กแ€†แฟแ€•แ€„แ€•แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€„

แแƒแ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แŠ แƒแ€แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€„ แƒแ€แ‚แ€… แ€กแ€‘แ€€ แ€žแ€€แ€แ€™แ€ธแƒแ€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€†แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€„ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€žแ€€แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€™ แ€›แ€™แ€ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€’แ€แ€šแ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€€ แ€šแ€ฅแฟแ€•แ€„แ€•แ€ผแ€™ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€‚แ€แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€†แ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธ แ€แ€šแ€†แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€šแ€แ€„แ‚แ€…แ€€แ€ก แ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€†แ€›แ€„แ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€™แ€†แ‚แตแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธ แ€แ€šแพแ€€แ€›แ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€›แ€”แ€•แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ‚‰แ€›แ€›แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผ

แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€• แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€šแ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€‚แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ŠแŠ แ€šแ€แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€œ แ‚แ†แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€†แ€ธแ€œ แฟแ€™แ‚•แŒ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€™แ€Š แ€…แ€แ€แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ‚” แ€‚แ€แ€›แ€Š แ€†แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€œแ‚‰แ€’แ€ซแ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€กแ€†แฟแ€•แ€„แ€•แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€œแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š

แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€‡ (818-451-9324) แ€žแ‚” แ‚แ€แแƒ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œ แ…แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€š แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แพแ€€แ€›แ€ฌ แฟแ€•แ€„แ€•แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€› แ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€ แ€แ€€แ€›แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€œแ€…แ€”แ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€œแ€€แ€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€„

แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„ แ€€แ€Š แ€œแ€’แ€ซแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€†แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€€แ€ฌ (626-348-6584) แ€žแ‚” แ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แฟแ€•แ€„แ€•แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€„แ€ฌแ€œ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€… แ€กแ€”แ€ธแ€‚แ€œแ€…แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€แ€ผ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€ แ€€แ€˜แ€˜ (909-610-5054) แ€žแ‚”แ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ‚แ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€› แ€žแ€Šแ‹ร€

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Page 34: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

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แ€ง แ€ปแ€• แ… แ‹ แ€Ÿแ€แ€šแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธ แŠแ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธ แŠแ€™ แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธ แŠ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€• แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€€แคแ€ฌ แ€• - แ€ปแ€™ แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ธแ€• แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€• แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€› แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€™แ‚ˆแ€…แ€ฌแ€แฝแ€ผแ€”แ€œแ‚Šแ€ฌ MOU (แ…)แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€€(แ‚แ€แแƒ)แ€แ‚แ€…แŠ แ€งแฟแ€•แ€œ(แ„)แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€†แ€’แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€แ€šแŒ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€€แคแ€ฌแ€• -แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€–แ€›แ€™แ‚แ€„ IE Singapore แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€•แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€œแ€€แ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€…แ€€แคแ€ฌแ€•แ‚แ€„แ€„แ‚แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€™แ‚ˆแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ‚แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•แ€ธ (แ‚แ€แแ€- แ‚แ€แแ)แ€˜แ‚‘แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€™แ‚ˆแ€แ€”แ€–แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ธ (แแแ€แ€) แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€™ (แ‚แ€แแ-แ‚แ€แแ‚)แ€˜แ‚‘แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€™แ‚ˆแ€แ€”แ€–แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ธ(แƒแ€แ€แ€)แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€€แ€˜แ€†แ€’แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€งแ€ปแ€• แ„แ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ‚แ€„ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„ CDMA-800 แ€–แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€€แ€• แแ…แ€แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€งแฟแ€•แ€œ แ‚แ„ แ€›แ€€แ€™ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€†แ€•แ€ซแ€–แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€›แ€•แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ‚”แ€•แ€ซ แ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€š แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ‚แ€„แ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€งแ€ปแ€• แƒแ‹ แ‚แ€แแ… แ€แ‚แ€… แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ€ฅแฟแ€•แ€„แ€™แ€Š แ€€แ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‚แ€„แ€›แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€… แ‚€แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€–แ€ผแ‚•แฟแ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€€ แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€š แแƒ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€—แ€œแ€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ„แˆ แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€—แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€„แ€…แ€€ แ€กแ€•แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€แ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€€แฝแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€Ÿ แ€ฑแ€šแ€˜แ€š แ€žแ€แ€™แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€—แ€œแ€‘แŒ แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€—แ€œแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€†แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€แ€€แ‚แ€„ แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ‚แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ‚แ€ธแพแ€€แ€”แ‚” แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€™แ‚Šแ€”แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€žแ€†แ€ธแ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€›แ€แ€•แ€–แ€ผ แ‚•แ€™ แ€ธ แ€›แ€™ แ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€€ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ‚แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแŒ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€งแ€ปแ€• แ‚แ‹ แ€•แ€‚แขแ€œแ€€แ€•แ€„ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€” แ€’แ€แ€šแ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€›แ€‘แ€ผแ€‹แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€งแ€ปแ€• แแ‹ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€…แ€œแ€€แ€‘แ€€ แ‚แ€…แ‚แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€” แ‚แ€…แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€ AP แ‚แ€„ แ€‚แ€•แ€”แ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€ NHK แ‚แ€•แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แแ‰แ‡แ‚ แ€แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†แ€ธแ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€™แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€‚แขแ€œแ€€แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€งแฟแ€• แ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€›แ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แƒแแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€…แ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€™ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€„แ€ผ แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€• แ€แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แƒแ€แ‹ แ€™แ€แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€™ แ‚•แ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€กแพแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€™แผแ€แ แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€Š แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€†แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€š แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€” แ€แ€€แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€กแ€แ€€ แแ€ แ€แ€€แ€•แ€ซ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€€ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€… แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€˜แ€€ แ€œแ‚”แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€€ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‚แ‰แ‹ แ€กแพแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€€ แ€™แ€ธแ‚ แ‚ˆ แ‚• แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€• แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€”แ€šแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€™ แ€™แ‚แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แ€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€žแ€แ€™แ‚ˆแŠ แ€™แ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆแ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆแ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€แ€„แ€ธแ‚’แ€ฌแ€”แ€™ แ€’แ€แ€š แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‚แˆแ‹ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€› แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€กแ€แ‚•แ€™ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€› แ…แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€™ แ€›แ€•แ€…แ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ‚•แ€€ แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€œแ‚Šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€†แ€„ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

pmrsufESm 35 odk h

แ€™แ€ แ‚แ‡แ‹ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€… แพแ€€แ€Šแ€žแ€Š แ€ แ€• แ€™แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ผ แ€šแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€…แ€ธ แ€ แ€• แ แ€– แ€ แพ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€€ แ€ก แ€› แ€ฑ แ€” แ€ป แ€• แ€Šแ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€• แ€ป แ€• แ€œ แ€• แ€ž แ€Š แ€ แ€• แ€™แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€ แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†แ€ธแ€ก แ‚€ แ€€ แ€™แ€ก แ€ปแ€– แ€… แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‚แ†แ‹ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€†แ€• แ€ก แพ แ€€ แ€™แ€ธ แ€– แ€€ แ€– แ€€ แ€†แ€ธ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€• แ€แ€ธ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ‚” แ€•แ‚•แ‚แ‚”แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌ แ€‡แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ธแŠ แ€”แ€แ€œแ€„แ€ธ แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€—แ€œแ‚แ€„ แ€™แ€ผแ€แ€…แ€œแ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€ฑแ€” แ€ก แ€™ แŠ แ€ฑ แ€… แ€ธ แ€† แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€† แ€€ แ€œ แ€€ แ€–แ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‚แ… แ‹ แ€™แ‚ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ž แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แŠ แ€™แ€แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€™ แ‚•แ‚ แ€„ แ€กแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€แ€€ แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€š แƒ แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€”แ€šแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€†แ€•แ€กแพแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€€ แ€™แ€ธแ€› แ‚ˆ แ‚•แ€™ แ‚ˆแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€แ€žแ€Ÿ แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€œ แ„ แ€ แ€€ แ€– แ€™แ€ธ แ€†แ€ธ แ€‘ แ€”แ€ธ แ€ž แ€™แ€ธ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แฟ แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€กแพแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€› แ€ผ แ€€ แ€™ แ€Š แ€ป แ€– แ€…แ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‚แ„แ‹ แ€€แ€œแ€žแ€™แ€‚แข แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€•แ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€‚แข แ€œ แ€—แ€ฑแ€‚แ€ธ แ€”แ€™แ€˜แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€œแ€Šแ€œแ€Š แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚แ‚ˆแ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแพแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€€แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€แ€ธแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€–แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€›แ€” แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€ แ‚ แƒ แ‹ แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€” แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€•แ€กแ€แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€แ€• PNLO แ‚แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€กแ€•แ€…แ€แ€ แ€›แ€•แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€กแ€†แ€„ แฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€•แ€…แ€แ€แ€›แ€•แ€…แ€– แ‚” แ€žแ€ฑ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ€ แ€Š แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€› แ€› แ€แ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‚แ‚แ‹ แ€™แ‚ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ€›แ€•แ€›แฟแ€™ แ‚• แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ž แ€™ แ€” แ€ก แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€…แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€œ แ€„แ€ธ แ€‡ แ€„แ€ธ แ€€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€žแ€žแ€ฌแ€”แ€› แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ€˜แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€•แ แ€กแ€แ€‚แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€…แ€…แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€Ÿ แ€กแ€แ€Šแ€ปแ€•แ‚แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€ แ€ผ แ‚” แ€› แ€› แ€ž แ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€ แ‚ แ แ‹ แ€€ แ€™ แธ แ€ แ€œ แ€• แ€„ แ€”แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แŠ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€” แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€งแฟแ€• แ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€™ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€€แ€ฌ แ… แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€” แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€˜แ‚‘แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚ แ€„ แ€กแ€ แ€ผแ€” (แ€˜แ‚‘แ€ฌ/ แ€กแ€ แ€ผแ€” ) แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€” แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ‚‰แ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

Page 35: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013jrefrmjynfowif;'kdif,m&D A 35

แ€™แ€ แ‚แ€แ‹ แ€™แ€แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€›แ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€”แ€แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€™แ‚ˆแ€€ แ€œแฟแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€•แ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€ธ แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€€แ€ธแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€ แ แ‰ แ‹ แ€ฑ แ€› แ‚Š แ€ แ€‚แ€ฑ แ€… แ€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€‘แ€• แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ก แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€• แ€™ แ‚ˆแ€กแ€ แ€ผแ€€ แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แฟ แ€™ แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€… แ€Š แ€• แ€„ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ แŠ แ€กแ€„แ€‚ แ€„ แ€”แ€šแ€ฌแ€Œแ€ฌแ€” (แ€กแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ก) แ€€ แ€กแ€‘แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€€แ€” แ‚”แ€žแ€แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€• (แ‡แˆ แ€ฑแ€•) แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€™แ€แ€œแ€™ แ€…แ€แ€„แ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œ แ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€ แ แˆ แ‹ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€€แ€ธ แ€œ แ€€ แ€™ แ€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€แ€€ แ€›แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€” แ€™แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€” แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€” แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”(แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Š)แ€€ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€€ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€ แ แ‡ แ‹ แ€œ แ€€ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€”แ€… แ€™ แ€€แ€”แ€ธ แ€€ แ€– แ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€› แ€” แ€†แ‚ แต แ€ป แ€• แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€†แ€ฑ แ€” แ€ž แ€Š แ€ž แ€• แ€ แ€… แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ‚แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แแ†แ‹ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚” ( K IO ) แ€‘แ€”แ€ธ แ€ แ€• แ€” แ€šแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€™แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€› แ€’แ€€แกแ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ก แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€ แ€€ แ€ก แ€ แ€›แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€† แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Š แ€แ€€แ€›แ€€แ€›แ€›แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€” แ€›แ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€’ แ€€ แก แ€ž แ€Š แ€… แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แแ…แ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€žแ‚” แ€‘ แ€ผ แ€€แ€ แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€›แ€ฌแ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ป แ€•แ€Šแ€ แ€ผ แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ แ€ผ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€šแ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€•แ€… (แ€‚) แ€žแ€€ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ แ€œแ€€แ€™แ€แ€€ แ€šแ€›แ€” แ€™ แ€œ แ€ก แ€•แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€˜ แ‚‘แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€€ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แแ„แ‹ แ€žแ€™แผแ€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€‡แ€œแ€” แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€• แ€™แ€…แฅแ€แ€ฌ แ€‚แ€ผแ€”แ€€แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แพแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแพแ€แ€ธแ€œ แ€“แ€”แ€žแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€š แ‚ แ€„แ€„ แ€˜แ€›แ€„แ€แ€ แ€• แ€™แ€… แฅแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€˜แ‚แ€€แ€… แ€ แ‚”แ แ€–แ€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€กแ€› แพแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแพแ€แ€ธแ€œแ‚ แ€„ แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€‡แ€œแ€” แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž แ‚” แ€แ€…แพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€€ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€ แ แƒ แ‹ แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ - แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€• แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€…แ€• แ€ปแ€™แ€แ€แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€แ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธ-แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ-แ€กแ‚แตแ€š แ€žแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€› แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€…แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ‚แ€แแ„ แ€แ‚แ€… แ€งแฟแ€• แƒแ€ แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€ แ แ‚ แ‹ แ€ก แ€…แ€ธ แ€› แ€ แ€” แ€‘ แ€™แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ แ€œแ€…แ€ฌแ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ‚” แ€•แ€„แ€…แ€„แ€œแ€…แ€ฌแ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€ธ แฟ แ€™ แ€„ แ‚” แ€› แ€” แ€œ แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€šแ€แ€˜แ‚‘แ€ฌแ‚แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€• แƒแˆแ… แ€˜แ€œแ€š แ€•แ€™ แ€žแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€˜แ‚‘แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€› แ€„ แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แแแ‹ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€˜แ€€แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€ แ€” แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€„ แ€™ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚•แ‚ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€กแ€„ แ€กแ€˜แ€€แ€™ แ€แ€•แ€•แ€„แ€ธ แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€‘ แ€• แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ แ€” แ€› แ€ž แ€Š แ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ก แ€„แ€ฑ แ€ก แ€’แ€แ€šแ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธ แ€ แ€• แ€— แ€œแ€ แ€• แ€‚ แ€ผ แ€”แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ‚ แ€„ แ€แ€•แ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€ แ‚” แ€แ€›แ€แ‚แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€œแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€† แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€ แ แ€ แ‹ แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ แ€˜ แ€แ€ฑ แ€„ แ€ผ แ‚ แ€„ แ€แ€›แ€แ€šแ€ผแ€™แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€—แ€Ÿแ€˜แ€แ€™ แ€ แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€„ แ€œ แ€œ แ€š แ€ แ€ผ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธ แ€› แ€” แ€š แ€ แ‚ แ€… แ€ง แฟ แ€• แ€œ แ€™ แ€ แ€„ แ€™ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ป แ€• แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€› แ€” แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€€ แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€ แ‰ แ‹ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌ แป แ€’ แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€” แ€„ แ€„ แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€ Sam Rain-s y แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฑ แ€” แ‚” แ€€ แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€” แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€™ แ€ฌ NLDแ€•แ€ซแ€ แ€ฅแ€€แ€Œ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€… แพแ€€แ€Šแ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€ แ€ผ แ‚• แ€† แฟ แ€•แ€ธ แ€’ แ€™ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€› แ€…แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€›แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€œแ‚ˆแ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€œแ‚” Mr Sam Rainsy แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„แ‚”แ€›แ€ž แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†แ€แ€€แ€€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แฟ แ€•แ€ธ A F P แ€ž แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ แ€… แ€› แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹...

แ€™แ€ แˆ แ‹ แ€ฑแ€‚ แ€ฌ แ€’แ€” แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€†

แ€† แ‚ แต แ€ป แ€• แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€• แ€™ แ€œ แ€Š แ€ป แ€– แ€…แ€ฑ แ€” แ€ป แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€€ แ€Šแ‚แ‚ˆแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ แ€” แ€› แ€ž แ‚ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€€ แ€ฑ แ€‚ แ€ฌ แ€’ แ€” แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€ž แ‚” แ€ฑแ€…แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€Šแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€›แ€›แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€Ÿ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€œแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ‡แ‹ แ€› แ€ แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€› แ€™ แ€ผแ€แ€†แ€œแ€„ แ€’แ€€แกแ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€œแ€ธ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€™ แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€†แ€žแ€Š แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€†แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€„ แ€†แ‚แตแ€ปแ€•แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ†แ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ‚” แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€•แ€…(แ€€) (D-Form) แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€ง แฟ แ€•แ€œแ€แ€ผ แ€„ แ€•แ€šแ€– แ€€แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€ป แ€– แ€…แ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€œ แ€ แ€„ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แพ แ€€ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€ž แ‚• แ€ก แ€„ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€” แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€Œแ€ฌ แ€” แŠ แ€œ แ€ แ€„ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚ แ€„ แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€แ€•แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ…แ‹ แ€šแพแ€€แ€Šแ€…แ€แ€แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€•แ€™แ€›แ€›แ€›แ€”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€• แ€‹ แ€• แ€€ แก แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€– แ€› แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€” แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€šแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€Šแ€แ€€(New York Conven-tion) แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€แ€„แ€›แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€… แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€Š แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แ„แ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€™ แ€กแ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€™ แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ธ แ€ป แ€• แ€žแ€™แ€ธ แ€šแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€งแ€€ แ‚ แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธ แ‚แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€šแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€…แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ‚ แ€„แ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€… แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ž แ‚” แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€…แ€›แ€„แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แƒแ‹ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€” แฟ แ€™ แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€Šแ€•แ€„แ€€ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€” แŠ แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€› แ€ผแ€ แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€šแ€› แ€Ÿแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€€ แ€’แ€‚ แฟ แ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€š แŠ แ€™ แ€„แ€ธ แ€›แ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ฌ แ€… แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚” แ€šแ€ฌ แ€š แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€œแ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™ แ€ แ‚ แ‹ แ€œ แ‚Š แ€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€† แ€ผ แ€‘ แ€ แ€ป แ€• แ€” แ€œ แ€€ แ€ž แ€Š แ€• แ‚ แ€• แ€ป แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€‘ แ€แ€ฑแ€ แ€ป แ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€• แ€„แ€”แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’ แพแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€†แ‚ แต แ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€˜ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€€แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€™แ€’แ€šแ€ฌ แ€œ แ€ผ แ€ แ€œ แ€• แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€€ แ€‘ แ€ แ€€ แ€ž แ€Š แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€€ แ€” แ‚” แ€€ แ€ผ แ€€แ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌ แ€” แ€š แ€‡ แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€†แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€ แแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€™แ€ธ แŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€ฅแŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€…แŠ แ€กแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€šแ€ฌแŠ The Messenger แŠ แ€™แ€‡ แฅ แ€™ แŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€…แ€แ€แ‚ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€› แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€ฅแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€•แ€‚แขแ€œแ€€ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ แˆ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€งแฟแ€•แ€œ แ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€™แ€…แ แ€šแ€ฌ แ€š แ€‘ แ€แ€ฑ แ€ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ป แ€• แ€œ แ€€แ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ป แ€• แ€” แพ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ แ€” แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€Œแ€ฌ แ€” แ€€ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€› แ‚แˆแ‹ แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€•แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€ แ€…แ€€ แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ธ (แƒแƒแ) แŒ แ€แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ‚‰แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€แ€• แ€แ€•แ€แ€ผแ€™แ‚‰แ€ธแ€แ‚” แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€ แ€• แ€แ€•แ€ แ€ผแ€™ แ‚‰แ€ธ แ€—แ€œแ€™ แ‚‰แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€€ แ€ฑแ€žแ€”แ€แ‚ แ€„ แ€•แ€…แ€แ€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ แ€• แ€› แ€„แ€ธ แ€™ แ‚‰แ€ธ แ€’ แ€— แ€œ แ€™ แ‚‰แ€ธ แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€ฑ แ€‡ แ€š แ€ฌ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€› แ‚แ‡แ‹ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€ผแ€แฟแ€™ แ‚” แ€”แ€šแ€› แ€Ÿแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€• แ€œแ€ฌ แ€‡แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€ป แ€– แ€… แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แฟแ€™ แ‚” แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€Šแ€•แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€™ แ…แ… แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€”แ‚” แ€›แ€›แ€™แ€Šแ€Ÿ แ€…แ€Šแ€•แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ŠแŠ

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ซ แ€› แ‚ แ† แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€ž แ‚” แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€˜แ€œแ€ปแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€– แ€› แ€€ แ€˜ แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€’ แ€€ แ€… แ€™ แ€ผ แ€” แ€แ€ธ แ€แ€ธ แ€€ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€’ แ€™ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€› แ€… แ€ฑแ€ แ€ซ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€’ แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธ แ€… แพแ€€แ€Šแ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€™แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€œแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€†แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€› แ‚แ…แ‹ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แฟแ€™แ‚•แŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€…แ€€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€œแ€€แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€ž แ€„แ€ธ แ€ แ€• แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€šแ€ฑ แ€” แ‚” แ€€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ - แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€” แ€ž แ€ผ แ€šแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แŠ แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€•แ‚แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ‚แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€›แ€” แ€œแ€€แ€™แ€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ซ แ€› แ‚ แ„ แ‹ แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€” แ€š แŠ

แ€œ แ€„ แ€‡แ€ฌ แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€ก แ€”แ€ธ แ€€ แ€… แ€…แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ธ แ€’ แ€€ แก แ€ž แ€Š แ€…แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€›แ€€แกแ€ฌแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€šแ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€Š แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€ แ€€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€”แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚• ICRC แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แƒ แ€…แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€ แ€ก แ€…แ€ธ แ€› แ€ แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†แ€ธ แ€ป แ€ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Šแ€แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ซ แ€› แ‚ แƒ แ‹ แ€ก แ€œ แ€• แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แŠ แ€œ แ€š แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€™ แ€‚ แข แ€ก แ€– แ€ผ แ‚• แ€ก แ€… แ€Šแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€ป แ€• แ€Šแ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€… แ€ แ€” แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€…แ€ธ แ€ž แ€”แ€ธ แŠ แ€ แ€” แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€›แ€ แ‚” แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แฟแ€™แ‚• แ€ฑแ€› แ‚Šแ€œแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€› Myanmar Peace Center แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€†แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€› แ‚แ‚แ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ แ‚ แ‚”แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€แ‚‘แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€•แ‚ แ€œแ€•แ€€แ€„แ€›แ€” แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€”แ€šแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€”แ‚แ€„ แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€‡แ€œแ€” แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ผแ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€” แ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธ แ€แ€” แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€› แ‚แแ‹ แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€…แ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€œแ€€แ€‘แ€€ แ€œ แ‚• แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แŠ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€œ แ€ผ แ€žแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€• แ€ซ แ€ก แ€ แ€„ แ€™ แ€ แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แพ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€„แ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ก แ€™ แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ‚Š แ€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€ž แ€ แ‚” แ แ€แ€„แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ แ€ฅแ€€แ‚’ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€› แ‚แ€แ‹ แ€™แ‚แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€™แ€›แ€•แ€›แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€šแŠ แ€œแ€„แ€ธ แ€‡แ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ€”แ€ธ แ€žแ€žแ€ฌแ€”แ€› แ€ก แ€ แ€‚ แ‚ แ€ แ€ž แ€Š แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ แ€˜ แ€› แ€„ แ€ก แ€ แ€‚ แ€Ÿแ€แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ แ€…แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ แ‚แ€„แ€›แ€”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ž แ€ฑ แ€ แ€ž แ€” แ€• แ€Šแ€ฌ แ€› แ€„ แ€ก แ€– แ€ผ แ‚• แ€€ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ซ แ€› แ แ‰ แ‹ แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€” แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แŠ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€š แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€• แƒ แ€›แ€•แ€€แ€ผแ€€ แŠ แแ‰ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ‚ แ€กแ€… แฅแ€œแ€™ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€–แ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€” แ€œแ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€… แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แพแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€›แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€‹แ€•แ€€แก แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ซ แ€› แ แˆ แ‹ แ‚ แ€ แ แƒ - แ‚ แ€ แ แ„ แ€˜แ‚‘แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€ป แ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€œแ€ธแ€› แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€› แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ‚แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€šแ€™แ€”แ‚แ€…แ€€แ€‘แ€€ (แแ„) แ€†แ€แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผ แ€˜แ€œแ€š (แ…แ€) แ€กแ€‘ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€šแ€š แ€žแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ซ แ€› แ แ‡ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€€ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€› แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ€€ แ€” แ€€ แ€€ แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€แ€…แฅแ€œ แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€›แ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€›แ€” แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แˆแˆ แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€€แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ซ แ€› แ แ† แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€›แ€€แ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€… แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€ Jus-tice Trust แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€†แ‚ แต แ€ปแ€•แ€• แ€ผ แฟแ€– แ€ แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€žแ€ธ แ€ปแ€• แ€แ€žแ€Š แ€—แ€ธ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€™แ€ธ แ€…แ€ธ แ€ป แ€– แ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€„แ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€œแ€•แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€–แšแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ แ€ซแ€› แแ…แ‹ แ€ปแ€™ แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€™ HIV/AIDS แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ซ แ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚ แ€„ แ€แ€€แ€–แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€•แ€ธแ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€’แ€”แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€แ€…แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™ แƒ แ€• แ แ€• แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€› แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€˜แ‚‘แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€œ แ€› แ€„แ€กแ€žแ€…แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€›แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€• แ€ซ แ€€ แ€ก แพ แ€€ แ€• แ€ก แ€ แ€Šแ€ธ แ€† แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ‚ แ€„แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€€ แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€† แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€› แแ„แ‹ แ€แ€…แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแปแ€œแ€ธแ€› แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€Šแ‚‡แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€”แ€ธแ‚ แ€•แ€…แ€€แ€แ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€•แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€› แ€ผ แ€š แ€… แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€›แ€ฌแ€ แ€” แ‚” แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€†แ‚แตแ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ซ แ€› แ แƒ แ‹ แ€ก แ€…แ€ธ แ€› แ€€ แ€ฑ แ€’ แ€ž แ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€œแ€šแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ„แ€„แ€ธแ€ แ‚” แ€• แ€„ แ€œ แ€š แ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€– แ€š แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธ แ€› แ€” แ€ก แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€™แ€™ แ€ แ‚” แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแŠ แ€žแ€”แ€œแ€„แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€šแ€™ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌ แ„ แ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ‚แ€„ แ€žแ€”แ€œแ€„แฟแ€™ แ‚•แŠ แ€ฑแ€› แ‚Š แ€ป แ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌ แ€›แ€•แ€€ แ€ผแ€€แ€› แ€œแ€šแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€œแ€šแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†แ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€€ แ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ร€

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แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

แแ‹ แ€•แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”(แ€กแ€…แ€™แ€ธ) แ€แ€”แ€แ€ผแ€€ แแ€แ€ผแ€€แ‚ แ‹ แ€†แ€ฌแ€ธ - แ€œแ€€แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€‡ แ€ผ แ€”แ€ธ แ…แ€• แแ€• (แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€”แ€†แ‚ แ€„แ€žแ€Š )

แƒแ‹ แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”- (แพแ€€แ€€แ€œแ€„) แ€œแ€€แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€‡แ€ผแ€”แ€ธ แ…แ€•แแ€•แ„แ‹ แ€†แ‚แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”- แ€œแ€€แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€‡แ€ผแ€”แ€ธ แ…แ€•แแ€• (แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€–แ‚”)แ…แ‹ แ€ฑแ€›- แ€แ€”แ€แ€ผแ€€ แ‚แ€แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€ผแ†แ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€† แ€œแ€€แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€‡แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแแ€‡แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ‡แ‹ แ€œแ€„แ€—แ€”แ€ธแแ€แ€œแ€€แ€™x แˆแ€œแ€€แ€™x แƒแ€œแ€€แ€™แ€กแ€‘(แ€žแ€/แ€กแ€œแ€™แ€”แ€š)แ€แ€แˆแ‹ แ€’แ€”แ€กแ€ธแ€แ€แ‰แ‹ แ€žแ€…แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€แ€ (แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€™ แ€ธแ€… แ€› แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€žแ€…แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€™

แ€€แ€•แแ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Š)

แ€แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€†แ€„แ€†แ€„

แแ‹ แ€•แ€™ แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚” (แ€กแ€…แ€™แ€ธ ) แ€ แ€”แ€ แ€ผแ€€แแ€ แ€ผแ€€แ€€ แ€’แ€” แ€กแ€ธแ€‘แ€‘แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแƒแ€”แ€ฌแ€› แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€™ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€•แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€œแ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€€แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€Šแ‹แ‚แ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€•แ€™ แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚” แ€™ แ€‘ แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€› แพแ€€แ€Šแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€’แ€”แ€กแ€ธแ€€

แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแแ€žแ€ผแ€”แ€•แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แƒแ‹ แ€•แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ‚แ€…แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€”แ€•แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ‹แ„แ‹ แ€แ€”แ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚แ€แ€ผแ€€แ€€ แ€†แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€Šแ€•แ€ซแ‹แ…แ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ€‘แ€žแ‚” แ€†แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€„แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”(แพแ€€แ€€แ€œแ€„)แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€™แ€‘แ€•แ€ซแ‹แ†แ‹ แ€แ€Ÿแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€„แ€›แ€„แพแ€€แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€‘แ€žแ‚” แ€†แ‚แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€”แ€†แ€‘แ€•แ€ซแ‹แ‡แ‹ แ€•แ€ผแ€€แ€•แ€ผแ€€แ€†แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€›แ€‘แ€žแ‚” แ€•แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ‚แ€…แ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€•แ€ซแ‹แˆแ‹ แ€•แ€™ แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚”แ‚ แ€… แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€†แ€†แ€‘แ€ž แ‚” แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€…แ€ฅ แ€Šแ€ฌแ€˜แ€€(แ€ž แ‚”แ€™แ€Ÿแ€) แ€˜แ€šแ€˜แ€€

แ€แ€–แ€€แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€žแ‚”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€…แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€„แ€ฑแ€™แ‚Šแ€•แ€ซแ‹แ‰แ‹ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹แแ€แ‹ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€”แ€„แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€‘ แแ€แ€™แ€”แ€…แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€™แ‚Šแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€Šแ‹แแแ‹ แ€—แ€”แ€ธ(แ€žแ€/แ€กแ€œแ€™แ€”แ€š)แ€‘แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€†แ€žแ€แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹แแ‚แ‹ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€แ€Ÿแ€ธแ‚แ€…แ€›แ€Šแ€€ แ€—แ€”แ€ธแ€‘แ€žแ‚”แ€žแ€ผแ€”แ€‘แ€Šแ แ€กแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€แ€•แ€ซแ‹แแƒแ‹ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€„ แ€แ€Ÿแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€™แ€Šแ‹แแ„แ‹ แ€แ€Ÿแ€ธแ€žแ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€žแ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ‹แแ…แ‹ แ€แ€Ÿแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€แ€Ÿแ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ€™แพแ€€แ€€แ‚แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€œแ€กแ€‘แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€ธ แ€แ€”แ€†แ€œแ€ธแ แ€†แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ ร€

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Page 36: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013aMumfjim - Advertisement A 36

Page 37: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013 A 37

Lead guitar: Naing Zaw (Lazy Club), Bass: Paul Keyboard: Ko Zaw, Drum: Saw Phyu

DATE : SATURDAY May 18 2013

SHOWTIME: 6:00 p.m. โ€“ 10:00 p.m.

TICKETS: $35, $45 & V.I.P

The Performing Arts Center of Baldwin Park4640 N. Maine AveBaldwin Park, Ca 91706

For more information and tickets sale, please contact:Yoma Restaurant: (626) 280 8655 Daw Yee Myanmar Cafe: (626) 573 8080Shwe Mann Thu: (626) 571 1983 Ma Monica Yeo (626) 348 6548 Shwe Min ThaMee: (626) 927 9054 May Thet Aung: (310) 353 6786Emily Aung: (909) 472 1949 Thanda: (949) 439 5163

New York: Saturday - May 25 2013

Washington, D.C: Saturday - June 1 2013

Maryland: Sunday - June 2 2013

San Francisco: Saturday - June 8 2013

Where:

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Music Band:

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Page 38: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013 A 38

JAZZ & BALLET DANCE PASADENA CIVIC BALLET

Choreography by DIANE DE-FRANCO BROWNE

MUSIC ENSEMBLE PIANO - Saw Moonlight

GUITAR - Ko Paul Lahpai

NORTHKIRK BELL CHOIR

LEAD GUITARโ€“ Sean Dunn

KEYBOARD & DOUBLE BASS - Justin Williams

PERCUSSION & DRUMSโ€“ Henry Lozano

HARPโ€“ Shawna

SAXOPHONE โ€“Sean Harrison

VIOLIN: Nathaniel Lee

BACKUP VOCALIST: Anna Dunn & James Donaldson

TICKETS CONTACT

Sandra Pyu (909) 908-5969

Lawrence Lwin (626) 888-9092

Ko Paul Lahpai (626) 586-0176

Tickets: $29-$39, Premium $49

IN STORE PURCHASE:

Yoma Restaurant (626) 280-8655

Shwe Man Thu (626) 571-1983

Shwe Min Thamee (626) 927-9054

A portion of the proceeds to benefit

Grace Home Orphanage Yangon, Myanmar

pDpOfwifqufaom

Please No Camera, Video, Audio Recording

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Page 39: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

(wydk hwGJ=waygif; 1374) Apr 2013 A 39

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Page 40: Mandalay Gazette March April 2013

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