Luciano BaniLuciano Bani,, Dario Massimino,Dario Massimino,LLuciana Bottoni anduciana Bottoni and Renato MassaRenato MassaLuciano BaniLuciano Bani,, Dario Massimino,Dario Massimino,LLuciana Bottoni anduciana Bottoni and Renato MassaRenato Massa
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION UNITBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION UNITDEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESDEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF MILANO BICOCCA – MILANO, ITALYUNIVERSITY OF MILANO BICOCCA – MILANO, ITALY
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION UNITBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION UNITDEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESDEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF MILANO BICOCCA – MILANO, ITALYUNIVERSITY OF MILANO BICOCCA – MILANO, ITALY
66thth International Association for International Association for Landscape EcologyLandscape Ecology World CongressWorld Congress
Darwin Darwin (NT, Australia) (NT, Australia) 13th - 17th July 200313th - 17th July 2003
66thth International Association for International Association for Landscape EcologyLandscape Ecology World CongressWorld Congress
Darwin Darwin (NT, Australia) (NT, Australia) 13th - 17th July 200313th - 17th July 2003
FOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL CCOMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY OMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY
ANDAND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
FOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL CCOMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY OMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY
ANDAND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
Diffuse corridorCorearea
Corearea
Corearea
Buffer zone
Stepping stone
Landscape m atrix
Linearcorridor
Diffuse corridorCorearea
Corearea
Corearea
Buffer zone
Stepping stone
Landscape m atrix
Linearcorridor
ECOLOGICAL ECOLOGICAL NETWORKNETWORK
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
OBJECTIVE and EFFECTIVEOBJECTIVE and EFFECTIVEECOLOGICAL NETWORK PLANNINGECOLOGICAL NETWORK PLANNING
IDENTIFICATION OF:IDENTIFICATION OF: Core Core AAreasreas with their with their Buffer Buffer ZZonesones Linear Linear CCorridorsorridors Diffuse Diffuse CCorridorsorridors Stepping Stepping SStonestones
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
BASIC KNOWLEDGE:BASIC KNOWLEDGE:
1)1) Minimum area requirementsMinimum area requirements
2)2) Disruption of lDisruption of landscape connectivityandscape connectivity• Patch connectivity Patch connectivity species gap-crossing abilities species gap-crossing abilities• Patterns of habitat destruction Patterns of habitat destruction connectivity maintained connectivity maintained
across multiple scales (from coarse to fine)across multiple scales (from coarse to fine)
3)3) Species-specific landscape connectivitySpecies-specific landscape connectivity• Functional connectionFunctional connection
ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDUREECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
FOCAL SPECIESFOCAL SPECIES identification identificationFOCAL SPECIESFOCAL SPECIES identification identification
Land useLand use Geomorphology Geomorphology GeologyGeology Idrology Idrology ClimateClimate ……
Land useLand use Geomorphology Geomorphology GeologyGeology Idrology Idrology ClimateClimate ……
MODELMODELMODELMODEL
Focal speciesFocal speciesPotential SuitabilityPotential Suitability
(Expected abundance)(Expected abundance)mapmap
Focal speciesFocal speciesPotential SuitabilityPotential Suitability
(Expected abundance)(Expected abundance)mapmap
Census DataCensus DataCensus DataCensus Data
Focal speciesFocal speciesObserved AbundanceObserved Abundance
mapmap
Focal speciesFocal speciesObserved AbundanceObserved Abundance
mapmap
Landscape Connectivity:Landscape Connectivity:Focal species DiffusionFocal species Diffusion
ResistanceResistancemapmap
Landscape Connectivity:Landscape Connectivity:Focal species DiffusionFocal species Diffusion
ResistanceResistancemapmap
EffectiveEffectiveCORE AREASCORE AREAS
andandBUFFER ZONESBUFFER ZONES
EffectiveEffectiveCORE AREASCORE AREAS
andandBUFFER ZONESBUFFER ZONES
CORRIDORSCORRIDORSCORRIDORSCORRIDORS
ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDUREECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
Land useLand use Geomorphology Geomorphology GeologyGeology Idrology Idrology ClimateClimate ……
Land useLand use Geomorphology Geomorphology GeologyGeology Idrology Idrology ClimateClimate ……
CORINE Land Cover CORINE Land Cover levellevel 3 3
EXAMPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATAEXAMPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA(used for the (used for the MMultiple-scale ultiple-scale MModel of the odel of the PPotential otential SSuitability uitability MMap)ap)
Digital Elevation ModelDigital Elevation Model
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDUREECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
Land useLand use Geomorphology Geomorphology GeologyGeology Idrology Idrology ClimateClimate ……
Land useLand use Geomorphology Geomorphology GeologyGeology Idrology Idrology ClimateClimate ……
Census DataCensus DataCensus DataCensus Data
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Orange dots:Focal species (974)
Small grey dots:point counts (5.000+)
BIRDBIRDCENSUS DATACENSUS DATA
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
AlpsAlps
PrealpsPrealps
ApenninesApennines
LowlandLowland
Orobie mountains divideOrobie mountains divideContinental valleyContinental valley
ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDUREECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
FOCAL SPECIES identificationFOCAL SPECIES identificationFOCAL SPECIES identificationFOCAL SPECIES identification
Land useLand use Geomorphology Geomorphology GeologyGeology Idrology Idrology ClimateClimate ……
Land useLand use Geomorphology Geomorphology GeologyGeology Idrology Idrology ClimateClimate ……
Census DataCensus DataCensus DataCensus Data
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
MARSH TITMARSH TITParus palustrisParus palustris
SHORT-TOED TREECREPERSHORT-TOED TREECREPERCerthia brachydactylaCerthia brachydactyla
NUTHATCHNUTHATCHSitta europaeaSitta europaea
BROAD-LEAVED FOREST FOCAL SPECIESBROAD-LEAVED FOREST FOCAL SPECIES(selection based on environmental selectivity and rarity;(selection based on environmental selectivity and rarity;
see Bani see Bani et alet al. 2002). 2002)
ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDUREECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
FOCAL SPECIES identificationFOCAL SPECIES identificationFOCAL SPECIES identificationFOCAL SPECIES identification
Land useLand use Geomorphology Geomorphology GeologyGeology Idrology Idrology ClimateClimate ……
Land useLand use Geomorphology Geomorphology GeologyGeology Idrology Idrology ClimateClimate ……
MODELMODELMODELMODEL
Focal speciesFocal speciesPotential SuitabilityPotential Suitability
(Expected abundance)(Expected abundance)mapmap
Focal speciesFocal speciesPotential SuitabilityPotential Suitability
(Expected abundance)(Expected abundance)mapmap
Census DataCensus DataCensus DataCensus Data
FOCAL SPECIES FOCAL SPECIES POTENTIAL SUITABILITY MAPPOTENTIAL SUITABILITY MAPobtained byobtained by
Multiple-Scale Multivariate Linear ModelMultiple-Scale Multivariate Linear Model
1.1. Selection of useful data to perform the model Selection of useful data to perform the model (see Bani (see Bani et alet al. 2002). 2002)
2.2. Measuring of environmental variables on Measuring of environmental variables on
different scales different scales (500 m, 1000 m, 2500 m, 5000 m radius (500 m, 1000 m, 2500 m, 5000 m radius
plot centered in each point count)plot centered in each point count)
3.3. Development of Multiple Linear Regression Development of Multiple Linear Regression
model with stepwise variable selectionmodel with stepwise variable selection
4.4. Model validation by Model validation by leave-more-outleave-more-out technique technique
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
> 1> 10.75-10.75-10.50-0.750.50-0.750.25-0.500.25-0.50<0.25<0.25
POTENTIAL SUITABILITYPOTENTIAL SUITABILITY(Expected abundance)(Expected abundance)
birds/point countbirds/point count
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDUREECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
FOCAL SPECIES identificationFOCAL SPECIES identificationFOCAL SPECIES identificationFOCAL SPECIES identification
Land useLand use Geomorphology Geomorphology GeologyGeology Idrology Idrology ClimateClimate ……
Land useLand use Geomorphology Geomorphology GeologyGeology Idrology Idrology ClimateClimate ……
MODELMODELMODELMODEL
Focal speciesFocal speciesPotential SuitabilityPotential Suitability
(Expected abundance)(Expected abundance)mapmap
Focal speciesFocal speciesPotential SuitabilityPotential Suitability
(Expected abundance)(Expected abundance)mapmap
Census DataCensus DataCensus DataCensus Data
Focal speciesFocal speciesObserved AbundanceObserved Abundance
mapmap
Focal speciesFocal speciesObserved AbundanceObserved Abundance
mapmap
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
OBSERVEDOBSERVEDABUNDANCE MAPABUNDANCE MAP
birds/point countbirds/point count(Kernel interpolation,(Kernel interpolation,
R=2500 m)R=2500 m)
> 1> 10.75-10.75-10.50-0.750.50-0.750.25-0.500.25-0.50<0.25<0.25
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTURE
POTENTIAL SUITABILITYPOTENTIAL SUITABILITY
(Expected abundance)(Expected abundance)
Birds/point countsBirds/point counts
OBSERVED ABUNDANCE MAPOBSERVED ABUNDANCE MAP
birds/point countbirds/point count
COMPARISON BETWEEN POTENTIAL AND OBSERVED COMPARISON BETWEEN POTENTIAL AND OBSERVED ABUNDANCE MAPSABUNDANCE MAPS
ECOLOGICAL NETWORK EVALUATIONECOLOGICAL NETWORK EVALUATION
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTURE
1)1) Why the Focal species Potential suitability (Expected Why the Focal species Potential suitability (Expected
abundance) map may differ from the Focal species Observed abundance) map may differ from the Focal species Observed
abundance one?abundance one?
In other words: why focal species don’t inhabit all the In other words: why focal species don’t inhabit all the
potential suitable areas?potential suitable areas?
yyoung stageoung stage old growthold growth stage stage
I’m a Short-toed I’m a Short-toed Treecreeper and Treecreeper and I prefer I prefer old and creviceold and crevicedd trees trees
I’m a Short-toed I’m a Short-toed Treecreeper and Treecreeper and I prefer I prefer old and creviceold and crevicedd trees trees
HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
Mirror relascopeMirror relascopefor Basal areafor Basal areameasurementmeasurement
Mirror relascopeMirror relascopefor Basal areafor Basal areameasurementmeasurement
Tree trunk sizeTree trunk size (DBH) (DBH) measurementmeasurement
Tree trunk sizeTree trunk size (DBH) (DBH) measurementmeasurement
HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTUREFOR OLD-GROWTH FOREST SPECIESFOR OLD-GROWTH FOREST SPECIESHABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTUREFOR OLD-GROWTH FOREST SPECIESFOR OLD-GROWTH FOREST SPECIES
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
Basal areameasurement point
Trunk sectionsTrunk sections
STRUCTURAL STRUCTURAL FORESTFOREST VARIABLES VARIABLES
a)a) Effect of “Tree trunk size composition”: Effect of “Tree trunk size composition”:
evaluated by means of the diameter of each evaluated by means of the diameter of each
1010thth percentile of 100 sample tree series percentile of 100 sample tree series
b)b) Effect of “Basal area”:Effect of “Basal area”: evaluated by means of evaluated by means of
the surface occupied by trunks per hectare of the surface occupied by trunks per hectare of
woodlandwoodland
(Necessary to evaluate the surface occupied by the above (Necessary to evaluate the surface occupied by the above
series)series)
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
15 SAMPLE AREAS15 SAMPLE AREASFOR FORESTFOR FORESTSTRUCTURE SURVEYSTRUCTURE SURVEY
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
1111 2222 3333
4444 55556666
7777
8888 9999
1010101011111111
12121212
13131313
14141414
15151515
N° Sample area
1 Northern Como Lake
2 Valtellina-Aprica
3 Valcamonica
4 Western Como Lake
5 Eastern Como Lake
6 Valbrembana
7 Triangolo Lariano
8 Spina Verde
9 Crestoso Mount
10 Valvestino
11 Valtrompia
12 Franciacorta
13 Ticino Valley
14 Lower Apennines
15 Higher Apennines
EXAMPLES OF EXAMPLES OF
STATISTICSSTATISTICS
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
Basal area
0
0,25
0,5
0,75
1
1,25
<=20 21-24 25-32 >=33
m2/ha
Foca
l sp
eci
es
abundance
Focal speciesaverage abundance
P=0.031
P=0.072
70th percentile
0
0,25
0,5
0,75
1
1,25
<=11 12-16 17-22 >=23
Trunk diameter (cm)
Foca
l sp
eci
es
abundance
Focal speciesaverage abundance
P=0.007
P=0.073
100th percentile
0
0,25
0,5
0,75
1
1,25
<=26 27-44 45-58 >=59
Trunk diameter (cm)
Foca
l sp
eci
es
abundance
Focal speciesaverage abundance
P=0.019
P=0.072P=0.067
STRUCTURAL WOODLAND VARIABLES:STRUCTURAL WOODLAND VARIABLES:trunk diameterstrunk diameters
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
y = 4,563e0,0228x
R2 = 0,995P<0.001
y = 2,293e0,0235x
R2 = 0,984P<0.001
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
PROGRESSIVE GROWING SERIES OF 100 TREES
TR
UN
K D
IAM
ET
ER
Minimum optimal diameters series (Minimum optimal diameters series (greengreen)) Minimum acceptable diameters series (redMinimum acceptable diameters series (red))
Min. optimalMin. optimal # trees# trees
<=5<=5 7676
6-106-10 266266
11-1511-15 162162
16-2016-20 114114
21-2521-25 9595
26-3026-30 7676
31-3531-35 5757
36-4036-40 5757
>40>40 5757
Total #Total # 951951
Basal areaBasal area 3333
Min. acceptableMin. acceptable
# trees# trees
<=5<=5 755755
6-106-10 408408
11-1511-15 347347
16-2016-20 245245
>20>20 143143
Total #Total # 20412041
Basal areaBasal area 2020
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
ECOLOGICAL NETWORK EVALUATIONECOLOGICAL NETWORK EVALUATION
2)2) Does the fragment dimension affect the effectiveness of Does the fragment dimension affect the effectiveness of
Core areas?Core areas?
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTURE
1)1) Why the Focal species Potential suitability (Expected Why the Focal species Potential suitability (Expected
abundance) map may differ from the Focal species Observed abundance) map may differ from the Focal species Observed
abundance one?abundance one?
In other words: why focal species don’t inhabit all the In other words: why focal species don’t inhabit all the
potential suitable areas?potential suitable areas?
CORE AREAS IDENTIFICATIONCORE AREAS IDENTIFICATION
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
FOCAL SPECIES identificationFOCAL SPECIES identificationFOCAL SPECIES identificationFOCAL SPECIES identification
Land useLand use Geomorphology Geomorphology GeologyGeology Idrology Idrology ClimateClimate ……
Land useLand use Geomorphology Geomorphology GeologyGeology Idrology Idrology ClimateClimate ……
MODELMODELMODELMODEL
Focal speciesFocal speciesPotential SuitabilityPotential Suitability
(Expected abundance)(Expected abundance)mapmap
Focal speciesFocal speciesPotential SuitabilityPotential Suitability
(Expected abundance)(Expected abundance)mapmap
Census DataCensus DataCensus DataCensus Data
Focal speciesFocal speciesObserved AbundanceObserved Abundance
mapmap
Focal speciesFocal speciesObserved AbundanceObserved Abundance
mapmap
EffectiveEffectiveCORE AREASCORE AREAS
andandBUFFER ZONESBUFFER ZONES
EffectiveEffectiveCORE AREASCORE AREAS
andandBUFFER ZONESBUFFER ZONES
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
Effective Effective core areascore areas in study area in study areaPotential Potential core areascore areas outside study area outside study area
ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDUREECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
FOCAL SPECIES identificationFOCAL SPECIES identificationFOCAL SPECIES identificationFOCAL SPECIES identification
Land useLand use Geomorphology Geomorphology GeologyGeology Idrology Idrology ClimateClimate ……
Land useLand use Geomorphology Geomorphology GeologyGeology Idrology Idrology ClimateClimate ……
MODELMODELMODELMODEL
Focal speciesFocal speciesPotential SuitabilityPotential Suitability
(Expected abundance)(Expected abundance)mapmap
Focal speciesFocal speciesPotential SuitabilityPotential Suitability
(Expected abundance)(Expected abundance)mapmap
Census DataCensus DataCensus DataCensus Data
Focal speciesFocal speciesObserved AbundanceObserved Abundance
mapmap
Focal speciesFocal speciesObserved AbundanceObserved Abundance
mapmap
Landscape Connectivity:Landscape Connectivity:Focal species DiffusionFocal species Diffusion
ResistanceResistancemapmap
Landscape Connectivity:Landscape Connectivity:Focal species DiffusionFocal species Diffusion
ResistanceResistancemapmap
EffectiveEffectiveCORE AREASCORE AREAS
andandBUFFER ZONESBUFFER ZONES
EffectiveEffectiveCORE AREASCORE AREAS
andandBUFFER ZONESBUFFER ZONES
CORRIDORSCORRIDORSCORRIDORSCORRIDORS
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
RESISTANCERESISTANCE=1/(suitability+0.001)=1/(suitability+0.001)-1-1
0-10-11-1.51-1.51.5-21.5-22-32-33-103-10
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
Effective Effective core areascore areas in study area in study areaPotential Potential core areascore areas outside study area outside study area
NetworkNetwork
> 1 (Potential suitability)> 1 (Potential suitability)0.75-10.75-10.50-0.750.50-0.750.25-0.500.25-0.50<0.25<0.25
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
N° SAMPLE AREAFRAGMENT SIZE (km2)
MINIMUM RESISTANCE
1 Northern Como Lake 2368 15,748
2 Valtellina-Aprica 1914 0
3 Valcamonica 2767 25,457
4 Western Como Lake 2368 0
5 Eastern Como Lake 1914 0
6 Valbrembana 1914 9,355
7 Triangolo Lariano 322 13,939
8 Spina Verde 2368 10,242
9 Crestoso Mount 2768 55,011
10 Valvestino 2768 96,586
11 Valtrompia 2768 76,820
12 Franciacorta 10 58,681
13 Ticino Valley 16 42,996
14 Lower Apennines 1807 0
15 Higher Apennines 1807 2,619
Fragment sizeFragment sizevsvs
Landscape connectivity (or Resistance)Landscape connectivity (or Resistance)vsvs
Forest structureForest structure
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TOFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREHABITAT STRUCTURE
Fragment sizeFragment size&&
Landscape connectivity (or Resistance)Landscape connectivity (or Resistance)&&
Forest structureForest structure
Focal species Focal species abundanceabundance Controlled by:Controlled by:
Structural scoreStructural score R=0.328; P<0.001R=0.328; P<0.001ResistanceResistance
Fragment sizeFragment size
ResistanceResistance R=-0.237; P=0.008R=-0.237; P=0.008Structural ScoreStructural Score
Fragment sizeFragment size
Fragment sizeFragment size R=-0.082; P=0.403R=-0.082; P=0.403Structural ScoreStructural Score
ResistanceResistance
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
2)2) Does the fragment dimension affect the effectiveness of Does the fragment dimension affect the effectiveness of
Core areas?Core areas?
• NoNo……if fragments are well connected!if fragments are well connected!
BaniBani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa, Massimino, Bottoni and MassaFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTUREFOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTURE
1)1) Why the Focal species Potential suitability (Expected Why the Focal species Potential suitability (Expected
abundance) map may differ from the Focal species abundance) map may differ from the Focal species
Observed abundance one?Observed abundance one?
In other words: why focal species don’t inhabit all the In other words: why focal species don’t inhabit all the
potential suitable areas?potential suitable areas?
• Because the habitatBecause the habitatss may differ in their organization may differ in their organization
(structure) and/or in floristic composition.(structure) and/or in floristic composition.