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Long-Term Athlete
DevelopmentWeek 5: Physiology, Paediatric Physiology & Climate stress
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Revision
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Revision
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Aims
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Aims
Chronological age Vs Biological age
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Aims
Chronological age Vs Biological age Postnatal Growth: Scammons Curve
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Aims
Chronological age Vs Biological age Postnatal Growth: Scammons Curve
Functional Development
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Aims
Chronological age Vs Biological age Postnatal Growth: Scammons Curve
Functional Development Cardiorespiratory system
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Aims
Chronological age Vs Biological age Postnatal Growth: Scammons Curve
Functional Development Cardiorespiratory system
Motor Development
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Aims
Chronological age Vs Biological age Postnatal Growth: Scammons Curve
Functional Development Cardiorespiratory system
Motor Development
Strength
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Aims
Chronological age Vs Biological age Postnatal Growth: Scammons Curve
Functional Development Cardiorespiratory system
Motor Development
Strength
Aerobic Performance
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Aims
Chronological age Vs Biological age Postnatal Growth: Scammons Curve
Functional Development Cardiorespiratory system
Motor Development
Strength
Aerobic Performance
Anaerobic Performance
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Aims
Chronological age Vs Biological age Postnatal Growth: Scammons Curve
Functional Development Cardiorespiratory system
Motor Development
Strength
Aerobic Performance
Anaerobic Performance
Thermoregulation
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Chronological age Vs
Biological age
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Chronological age Vs
Biological ageChronological age
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Chronological age Vs
Biological ageChronological age All children born on the 19th Oct 2008 will be
10 years old on the 19th Oct 2018.
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Chronological age Vs
Biological ageChronological age All children born on the 19th Oct 2008 will be
10 years old on the 19th Oct 2018.
Biological age
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Chronological age Vs
Biological ageChronological age All children born on the 19th Oct 2008 will be
10 years old on the 19th Oct 2018.
Biological age
Biological age has its own calendar & only
celebrates one birthday!
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Chronological age Vs
Biological ageChronological age All children born on the 19th Oct 2008 will be
10 years old on the 19th Oct 2018.
Biological age
Biological age has its own calendar & only
celebrates one birthday!
Therefore children of the same chronologicalage can differ by several years in their levels of
biological maturity
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Biological age
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Biological age
Would you train a12 year old thesame way as you
would train a 17
year old?
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Biological age
Would you train a12 year old thesame way as you
would train a 17
year old?
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Biological age
Would you train a12 year old thesame way as you
would train a 17
year old?
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Postnatal Growth
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Postnatal Growth
Scammons curve of
systemic growth
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General curve
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General curve
Growth of the body as awhole and the growth of
most of its parts
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General curve
Growth of the body as awhole and the growth of
most of its parts
Often sigmoid
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General curve
Growth of the body as awhole and the growth of
most of its parts
Often sigmoid
Four phases: Rapid growthin infancy, steady butconstant growth in middle
childhood, rapid growth in
adolescents, slow increase
and eventual cessation
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General curve
Growth of the body as awhole and the growth of
most of its parts
Often sigmoid
Four phases: Rapid growthin infancy, steady butconstant growth in middle
childhood, rapid growth in
adolescents, slow increase
and eventual cessation
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Neural curve
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Neural curve
Characterises thegrowth of the brain
& nervous system
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Neural curve
Characterises thegrowth of the brain
& nervous system
Tissues alsoexperience rapid
growth
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Neural curve
Characterises thegrowth of the brain
& nervous system
Tissues alsoexperience rapid
growth
The upper skullfollows this curve
G i l
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Genital curve
G i l
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Genital curve Characterises the growth of
the primary and secondarysex characteristics
G i l
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Genital curve Characterises the growth of
the primary and secondarysex characteristics
Primary includes ovaries,fallopian tubes, uterus, and
vagina in females and testes,
seminal vesicles, prostate and
penis in boys
G i l
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Genital curve Characterises the growth of
the primary and secondarysex characteristics
Primary includes ovaries,fallopian tubes, uterus, and
vagina in females and testes,
seminal vesicles, prostate and
penis in boys
Secondary includes breasts infemales, pubic and axillary
hair in both sexes, and facial
hair and growth of larynx in
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Lymphoid curve
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Lymphoid curve
Describes the growth of thelymph glands, thymus gland,
tonsils, appendix, andlymphoid patches of tissue in
the intestines
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Lymphoid curve
Describes the growth of thelymph glands, thymus gland,
tonsils, appendix, andlymphoid patches of tissue in
the intestines
These are generally involvedin the childs immunology
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Lymphoid curve
Describes the growth of thelymph glands, thymus gland,
tonsils, appendix, andlymphoid patches of tissue in
the intestines
These are generally involvedin the childs immunology
Reach maximum at approx11-13 years
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Any Questions?
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Functional Development
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Functional Development
Cardio-respiratory System
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Functional Development
Cardio-respiratory System
Motor Development
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Functional Development
Cardio-respiratory System
Motor Development Strength and Motor Performance
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Functional Development
Cardio-respiratory System
Motor Development Strength and Motor Performance
Aerobic Performance
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Functional Development
Cardio-respiratory System
Motor Development Strength and Motor Performance
Aerobic Performance
Anaerobic Performance
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Cardio-respiratory System
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Cardio-respiratory System
Changes in heart size
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Cadio-respiratory System
Changes in heart size
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Cadio-respiratory System
Changes in heart size
Changes in heart function
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Cadio-respiratory System
Changes in heart size
Changes in heart function
Stroke volume and cardiac output
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Cadio-respiratory System
Changes in heart size
Changes in heart function
Stroke volume and cardiac output Blood pressure
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Cadio-respiratory System
Changes in heart size
Changes in heart function
Stroke volume and cardiac output Blood pressure
Respiratory changes
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Respiratory Changes
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Respiratory Changes
Development and growth ofthe lungs
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Respiratory Changes
Development and growth ofthe lungs
Respiratory function
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Respiratory Changes
Development and growth ofthe lungs
Respiratory function
Pulmonary volumes, flows,
and capacities
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M t D l t
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Motor Development
Closely related to the morphological, physiological,and neuro-muscular characteristics of the child ininfancy and early childhood
M t D l t
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Motor Development
Closely related to the morphological, physiological,and neuro-muscular characteristics of the child ininfancy and early childhood
The environment in which the child is reared is alsoan important
M t D l t
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Motor Development
Closely related to the morphological, physiological,and neuro-muscular characteristics of the child ininfancy and early childhood
The environment in which the child is reared is alsoan important
These environmental experiences interact with thebiological substrate of growth and maturation
M t D l t
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Motor Development
Closely related to the morphological, physiological,and neuro-muscular characteristics of the child ininfancy and early childhood
The environment in which the child is reared is alsoan important
These environmental experiences interact with the
biological substrate of growth and maturation
Movement behaviours in infancy and early childhoodare also to some extent precursors of subsequent
motor behaviours
F d t l t kill
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Fundamental motor-skills
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F d t l t kill
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Fundamental motor-skills
Early childhood is atime of increasing
experimentation with avariety of motor skills
Progression is notalways continuous
F d t l t kill
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Fundamental motor-skills
Early childhood is atime of increasing
experimentation with avariety of motor skills
Progression is notalways continuous
Sex differences aresmall
F d t l t kill
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Fundamental motor-skills
Early childhood is atime of increasing
experimentation with avariety of motor skills
Progression is notalways continuous
Sex differences aresmall
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Strength
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Strength
Early childhood:
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Strength
Early childhood:
Sex differences in average strength aresmall
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Strength
Early childhood:
Sex differences in average strength aresmall
Middle childhood and adolescence:
Strength improves linearly with age up
until 13-14 years in boys
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Strength
Early childhood:
Sex differences in average strength aresmall
Middle childhood and adolescence:
Strength improves linearly with age up
until 13-14 years in boys
Strength improves linearly in girls
Aer bic Perf rmance
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Aerobic Performance
Aerobic Performance
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Aerobic Performance
Hard to asses: Aerobic capacity or Aerobic power?
Aerobic Performance
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Aerobic Performance
Hard to asses: Aerobic capacity or Aerobic power?
Children aged 7-9 years were studied by Turley andWilmore (1997) and compared to adults; they
found children had a higher HR, lower SV, lower Q.
Aerobic Performance
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Aerobic Performance
Hard to asses: Aerobic capacity or Aerobic power?
Children aged 7-9 years were studied by Turley andWilmore (1997) and compared to adults; they
found children had a higher HR, lower SV, lower Q.
Ventilatory response
Aerobic Performance
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Aerobic Performance
Hard to asses: Aerobic capacity or Aerobic power?
Children aged 7-9 years were studied by Turley andWilmore (1997) and compared to adults; they
found children had a higher HR, lower SV, lower Q.
Ventilatory response
Changes in economy of movement
Turley and Wilmore
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Turley and Wilmore
Turley and Wilmore
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Turley and Wilmore
Anderson et al 1974
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Anderson et al, 1974
Anderson et al 1974
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Anderson et al, 1974
Economy of Effort
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y
Economy of Effort
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y
MacDougall et al 1983
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MacDougall et al, 1983
MacDougall et al 1983
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MacDougall et al, 1983
Anaerobic Performance
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Anaerobic Performance
Anaerobic Performance
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Anaerobic Performance
Short Duration
Anaerobic Performance
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Anaerobic Performance
Short Duration
Intermediate Duration
Anaerobic Performance
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Anaerobic Performance
Short Duration
Intermediate Duration Long Duration
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Any Questions?
Thermoregulation
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Thermoregulation
Thermoregulation
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Thermoregulation
Sweating
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Any Questions?