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LTAD 101LTAD 101Training to Train StageTraining to Train Stage
Istvan BalyiNational Sport Centre Vancouver –
VictoriaSport Canada and sports coach UK
LTAD Advisor
“The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.”
Albert Einstein
« La définition de la folie, c’est refaire toujours la même chose en s’attendant à un résultat différent. »
Albert Einstein
SevenSevenStagesStagesof of
Long-TermLong-TermAthlete Athlete
DevelopmentDevelopment
Active StartActive Start
FUNdamentalFUNdamental
Active for Life Active for Life
Training to WinTraining to Win
Training to TrainTraining to Train
Training to CompeteTraining to Compete
Learning to TrainLearning to Train
Training to TrainTraining to TrainDevelopmental Age – onset of PHVDevelopmental Age – onset of PHV Males: 12-16 Females: 11-15 Males: 12-16 Females: 11-15
Building engine Building engine
and and
sport specific sport specific skillsskills
Training to TrainTraining to Train
Sport requirements: V.B. MidgetSport requirements: V.B. Midget (Cardinal, 2007)(Cardinal, 2007)
5%15%
40%10%
30%
motor conditioning
physical cond.
techniques
psychological qual.
tactics/ str.
Training to Train: performance factors relative
importance
Physical, Mental / Cognitive Physical, Mental / Cognitive and and
Emotional DevelopmentEmotional Development
Athlete Development and Athlete Development and Support ProgrammesSupport Programmes
ATP – Advanced Training & Performance
AtheletDevelopment
FUNdamental
T 2T
T 2 C
T2W
Support system - Knowledge base Budget
• Chronological age• Relative age• Biological age• Skeletal age• Developmental age• Training age• Sport-specific training age
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
• If one year can have such an impact, what about 2, or 3 or 4 or 5 years of difference???
• Athletes can be 4 – 5 years apart in developmental age!
How old is a 14 year old ?
Irish boxers – 14 years old 60kg., 40 kg., and 50 kg.
Peak Height Velocity & Peak Bone Mass Growth Peak Height Velocity & Peak Bone Mass Growth & PSV& PSV
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Age (years)Adapted from Tanner, 1978 & Kahn, 1999
Re
lati
ve
inc
rea
se
pe
r ye
ar
FemalesMales
PSV PSV
Factor # 5Factor # 5TrainabilityTrainability
Age 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121314151617181920
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Genital Development
General Development
Neural Development
A FUNdamental
B Training to Train
C Training to Compete
D Training to Win
A B C D
““Windows of Optimal Windows of Optimal
Trainability”Trainability”
• Adaptation and trainability• Accelerated adaptation to training
• “Critical” or “Sensitive” Periods• The 5 S’s of training is a good framework to overview the windows
Variation in trainability.(Adapted from work by Bouchard et al., 1997)
Magnitude of training response
Time course of training response
‘Fast’ & ‘large’ response
‘Fast’ & ‘small’ response
‘Slow’ & ‘large’ response
‘Slow’ & ‘small’ response
LiteraturLiteratur
ee
• Armstrong, N. and Welsman, J. Young People and Physical Activity. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997.
• Bar-Or, O. ed. The Child and Adolescent Athlete. London, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1996.
• FIG – Age Group Development Program (CD)
(Far the best overview of the trainability literature)
• Viru at al. Age periods of accelerated improvement of muscle strength, power, speed and endurance in age interval 6 – 18 years. Biology of Sport, Warsaw, V.15(4), pp. 211 – 27, 1998.
• 31 studies and 11 reviews• Cross sectional studies, number of subjects 83 to 21175
• Longitudinal studies 65 to 90• Age range 6 to 18 years• Clearly defined endurance, strength and speed windows
•Viru et.al. Age periods of accelerated improvements of muscle strength, power, speed and endurance in the age intervals of 6 – 18 years.
Sensitive periods for development of motor abilities in young swimmers (Schramm at al., 1984)
Boys 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18Coordination/agility
Rapidness/motor reaction
Speed of locomotions
Extensive aerobic endurance
Intensive aerobic endurance
General strength endurance
Rapid strength [small resistance]
Maximal Strength
Special strength endurance
Girls 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18Coordination/agility
Rapidness/motor reaction
Speed of locomotions
Extensive aerobic endurance
Intensive aerobic endurance
General strength endurance
Rapid strength [small resistance]
Maximal Strength
Special strength endurance
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18Coordination/Agility
Flexibility/Mobility
Aerobic Capacity
Aerobic Pow er
Anaerobic Abilities
Speed/Strength
Maximal Strength
General Strenghth Endurance
Special Strength Endurance
Pulling Force
Girls8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Coordination/Agility
Flexibility/Mobility
Aerobic Capacity
Aerobic Pow er
Anaerobic Abilities
Speed/Strength
Maximal Strength
General Strenghth Endurance
Special Strength Endurance
Pulling Force
Sensitive periods for development of motor abilities in young swimmers (Vorontsov, Solomatin, Sidorov, 1986, 1988)
TrainabilityTrainability
• Based on chronological age:– Skill– Speed– Suppleness
• Based on developmental age– Stamina– Strength
• Biological markers – onset of PHV – PHV – onset of menarche
“Reactive Periodization”
Developmental age - PHVDevelopmental age - PHV
• How to measure ?• What to measure ?• When to measure ?• What tools to use for the measurements ?
• Who should measure ?• How to administer measurement data ?
Measuring and interpreting PHV( How to PHV ? )
Adolescent Growth SpurtAdolescent Growth Spurt PEAK HEIGHT VELOCITY (PHV)PEAK HEIGHT VELOCITY (PHV)
Croissance soudaine a la puberté Pic de croissance rapide soudaine
Cessation of growth
Slow deceleration
Steady growth
Rapid growth Rapid deceleration
Very Rapid Growth
Very rapid deceleration
Phases of Measurement Phases of Measurement
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
0
5
10
15
20
25
Phase1
Phase 3
Phase 2
Phase 4
Phase 5
Phase 6
CM
Age
• Phase 3: From the onset of PHV to PHV– Rapid growth until peak is reached – Measure standing height, sitting heights and arm span every 3 month
– Measure height and weight on birthday – for the family or personal record
Recommended procedure Recommended procedure
• Phase 4: From PHV to Slow Deceleration– Rapid deceleration– Measure standing height, sitting heights and arm span every 3 month
– Measure height and weight on birthday – for the family or personal record
Recommended procedure Recommended procedure
Stamina / Endurance
Trainability in Weight-Bearing SportsTrainability in Weight-Bearing SportsStamina
Trainability in Non-Weight-Bearing SportsTrainability in Non-Weight-Bearing SportsStamina
Development Age of two 14 year old
• Vulnerability(Stein, 2002)
•Coachwise -
sportscoach UK
•“How to PHV ?”
Chapter 1Introduction & LTAD
If you don’t make mistakes
you don’t learn!
SummarySummary
• FUN• Sport-specific Volleyball skills• Still participate in other sports• Specialization toward the end of this stage
• Trainability– Aerobic capacity– Strength toward the end of the stage– Decision making training
• Breaking or making an athlete• The importance of flexibility training• Building the engine!
Questions ?Questions ?