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More Efficient in Oil & Gas Extraction
www.keruigroup.com
Low Pressure Atomization
Oil Reservoir Treatment Technology
Page 2
Contents
■---------------- About Kerui ■---------------- Technology Introduction ■---------------- Superiority ■---------------- Application
Page 3
Kerui-Global Trusted Expert in Integrated Oil & Gas Solution
Integrated Ecological Landscape for Oil & Gas Field
Excellent capacity for global service delivery
High-End oil equipment R&D manufacturer across the industrial chain
Technology development system covering the world
Perfect global marketing and service network
Oil & Gas EPC construction building expert
Integrated oil & gas field service and solution provider
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High-end petroleum equipment
industrial park
2.4MM㎡
Oil & Gas Stimulation equipment
production base
Oil recovery machinery
production base
Drilling equipment production base
Natural gas compressor
production base
Wellhead and well control production
base
Oil & Gas process production base
Houston coiled tubing equipment production
base
Kerui-World Class Equipment Research and Manufacture
70% market share of nitrogen generator in China
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Kerui-General Contractor of Oil & Gas EPC Projects and System Solution Provider
Wellhead Gas Treatment Modules
Natural Gas Gathering and Processing
• Oil & Gas pipeline • Crossing engineering • Hydraulic protection • Pumping • Compressor station • Off-take stations and facilities • Digital pipeline • Oil & Gas tank farm
Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation
Natural Gas Liquefaction Plant
• Natural gas liquefaction plant • LNG receiving terminal
• Wellhead heating and throttling • Wellhead methanol injection • Wellhead gas purification
(sweetening, dehydration demercuration)
• Wellhead metering • Modular wellhead gas treatment
equipment • Wellhead gas to CNG • Wellhead gas to LNG
• High-pressure gas gathering • Multi-phase transportation • Sour gas gathering and
transportation • Natural gas processing plant • Condensate recovery equipment • Sulfur recovery equipment
• Natural gas power generation, • Natural gas chemical processing:
Natural gas to ammonia and urea ,Syngas to methanol, MTO,MTA,MTP,MTG,GTL.
Natural Gas Utilization
• Associated gas utilization • Coke oven gas utilization • Coal tar treatment • Waste water treatment • Oil-based drilling mud treatment • Soil remediation
Environment Engineering
• LNG refueling station • L-CNG station • CNG station and skid-mounted
equipment
LNG, L-CNG, CNG Refueling Station
• Wellhead gas treatment equipment
• CNG station • LPG station • Mini LNG station
Equipment Financial Leasing
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1. Stimulation technology for high permeability reservoir
Oilfield name CHD oilfield Lithology Fine sandstone
Buried depth/m 1125 Daily oil
production before /(t/d)
75.1
Permeability/*10-3um2 2304 Daily oil
production after /(t/d)
137.1
Porosity/% 37 Water cut before /% 93.8
Initial oil saturation/% 62 Water cut after /% 88.7
Application
Combination foam system is combination system of foam and polymer solution.
Adding polymer into foam system can improve foam stability, reduce adsorption loss of foaming agents.
Foam can strengthen plugging ability and selectivity of polymer.
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
1 4 0 0
1 6 0 0
1 8 0 0
0 2 4 6 8
注入倍数 P V
阻力
因子
Single foam Combination
foam
Polymer
Injection volume
Resi
stan
ce fa
ctor
Kerui-Oil Recovery Enhancement Project Solution Provider
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Ⅰ
Main flow
channel
Ⅲ
Ⅱ
21t
2t
91%
22t
22t
0%
Production curve of XX well
1.97↑4.9MPa
Oilfield name Buried depth
/m
Daily oil production
before /(t/d)
Daily oil production
after /(t/d)
Average single well
oil increment/t
Highest oil increment
/t
Operation well times
Accumulative oil increment
/t
Tahe oilfield 4500-7000 0.9 10.7 1750 13000 460 43×104
Application case
10t 15t
0t 10t
100% 33%
2. Stimulation technology for carbonate reservoir
Dig potential of remaining oil in Ⅱ, Ⅲ type of reservoir space
Low water cut, stable oil production, good coning
control effect, with the oil increment in this stage 1413t.
Kerui-Oil Recovery Enhancement Project Solution Provider
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(1) Water alternate gas(WAG)flooding technology
(2) Acidizing plug removal technology
Acid
izin
g pl
ug
rem
oval
tech
nolo
gy
sandstone reservoir
carbonate reservoir
Conventional mud acid Self-generating mud acid Fluoboric acid Diversion acid Multi-hydrogen acid Nitric acid powder
Hydrochloric acid Organic acid Hybrid acid system Retarded acid Solid acid
N2、air、flue gas、CO2
Application advantages:
High-usage of nitrogen
Displacement front keeps stable;
Water enters high permeability zone and gas enters low
permeability zone;
Gas breakthrough is inhibited.
3. Stimulation technology for low permeability reservoir
Kerui-Oil Recovery Enhancement Project Solution Provider
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(3) Pseudo horizontal well development technology
Radial drilling design for XX well
Radial drilling technology improves the injection-production pattern
Well No. Layer No. Permeability10-3um2
Length of lateral hole(m)
Formula method
Limit control radius method Actual length
C17-5X1
C41 11.2 112 109 100 C42 21.2 73 79 75 C51 20.9 82 84 83
C52 24.9 52 60 80
3. Stimulation technology for low permeability reservoir
Production curve for XX well
Water cut
Daily fluid production
Daily oil production
By radial drilling technology, flow channel with 100m horizontal section can be formed between wells. Which can connect reservoirs, increase drainage radius and water swept area, thus improve the development effect and reduce drilling workload.
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Application scope
1)high crude oil viscosity(20~100×104mPa·s), poor mobility;
2)deep buried depth(>1000m), thin thickness (4~15m);
3)strong sensitivity, easy to be damaged (shale content:6~20%);
4)loose cemented, fine lithology;
5)thin interlayer (2~6m), complicated oil-water relation.
Field application
(1) HDCS thermal recovery technology for ultra-heavy oil
Viscosity field after steam injection
Viscosity field after CO2+steam injection HDCS application in SL oilfield
Operation well number
Operation well times
Accumulative steam injection
/t
Accumulative CO2 injection /t
Accumulative oil increment /t
Accumulative oil increment for single well
/t
Average accumulative oil increment in one cycle
/t
78 213 53.24×104 2.24×104 47.1×104 6038 2210
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Vis
cosi
ty (
mP
a·s)
Saturation pressure (MPa)
CO2湿气 CH4烟道气 N2
Reduce oil viscosity
4. Stimulation technology for heavy oil reservoir
Kerui-Oil Recovery Enhancement Project Solution Provider
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Existing problem for steam injection well
Field application (2) Foam temporary plugging profile control technology
1670.51353.11
4019.34
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Last cycle DR 19% The cycle
BOPD
4. Stimulation technology for heavy oil reservoir
Steam: 5500MMBTU, Nitrogen: 65500m3, Foaming agent: 5t; Oil increment in one cycle: 2666 bbls.
Oil increment statistics of XX well in Girasol oilfield
Steam-crude oil density difference causes gravitational
differentiation, and steam gathers at the top of the reservoir,
steam overlay occurs, resulting in serious heat loss and low steam
efficiency.
Kerui-Oil Recovery Enhancement Project Solution Provider
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Application scope
1)Medium-deep well, poor steam stimulation effect;
2)Low oil phase permeability and high water cut;
3)Underground crude oil viscosity ≤ 20,000mPa·s;
4)Formation temperature ≤80℃;
5)salinity of formation water ≤ 20,000mg/L.
(3) Heavy oil energization cold recovery technology
C11-25
C11-27
C11-29
C11-31
C11-33
C11-35
C13-25
C13-27
C13-29
C13-31
C13-33
C13-35
C13-727C13-X27
C15-25
C15-31
C15-33
C15-35
C15-X27
C1
C
C3-27
C38
C5-27
C5-29
C5-33
C7-2
C7-27
C7-3
C7-31
C7-33
C7-X25
C9-27
C9-29
C9-31
C9-33
C9-725
Well No.
Dynamic viscosity
mPa·s
Freezing point (℃)
Sulin classificati-
on
Salinity (mg/l)
7-3 16329 28 MgCl2 11658
7-27 16451 20 NaHCO3 10366
9-27 4587 38 NaHCO3 9225
9-31 16840 36 NaHCO3 10890
11-31 21203 32 NaHCO3 10607
Layer Oil area(Km2) Thickness(m) Geological reserves(104t) Remark Percentage of
reserves %
Ng14 0.38 4.3 29.8 24.4 Ng15 0.11 2.4 4.8 3.9 Ng21 0.14 2.3 5.9 4.8 Ng22 0.07 3.8 4.9 4.0 Ng23 0.27 2.9 14.3 11.7 Ng31 0.18 2.5 8.2 6.7 Ng32 0.15 1.4 3.8 3.1 Ng33 0.2 2.6 9.5 7.8 Ng41 0.13 3.1 7.4 Undeveloped 6.0 Ng42 0.19 2.9 10.1 Undeveloped 8.2 Ng43 0.08 2 2.9 2.4 Ng5 0.17 6.7 20.8 17.0 Total 0.43 15.6 122.2 100.0
4. Stimulation technology for heavy oil reservoir
CJC9-29 Well group control oil area chart
Fluid characteristic
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Contents
■---------------- About Kerui ■---------------- Technology Introduction ■---------------- Superiority ■---------------- Application
Page 14
Technology Introduction
1. Low-pressure Atomization oil Reservoir Treatment Technology
Taking advantage of high-pressure gas(nitrogen, carbon dioxide, natural gas), use
atomization apparatus to disperse acid solution to become micro-droplets with diameter of
less than 2μm, then atomized acid enters into micro pores and fractures in deep formation
or crude oil under fracturing pressure, entered acid etches micro pores and fractures or
changes wettability of rocks, to improve permeability of flow channels or reduce the
viscosity of crude oil.
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Atomization Process at Different Gas-liquid Ratios
Atomization can be in wellhead or/and in bottom hole. Wellhead atomization is suitable for shallow well,
while bottom hole atomization is for middle and deep well.
Bottom Hole Atomization
2.Atomization Method
Technology Introduction
Page 16
3. Stimulation Mechanism
Before treatment
Forming air-film by the adsorption effect of matrix on gas ,help acid mist penetrate to the deep reservoir.
Treatment process Preposed nitrogen
Technology Introduction
Page 17
Technology Introduction
4. Application Scope
Transforming deep microfracture in carbonate reservoir
Transforming deep micropore in tight sandstone reservoir
Transforming deep reservoir during the process of heavy oil huff and puff
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Contents
■---------------- About Kerui ■---------------- Technology Introduction ■---------------- Superiority ■---------------- Application
Page 19
Superiority
1. Simple Construction, Low Engineering Cost
Conventional acidizing and acid fracturing requires matched borehole operation , with high cost of operation and complex construction procedure.
The acidizing construction site
Construction flow chart of atomization acid
Operating pipe string of nitrogen injection
operating pipe string of original well
Atomization acid treatment technology does not need to much equipment and treatment procedure is simple .
The acid fracturing construction site
booster compressor nitrogen
generator unit
mixing liquid tank
T-bend
non-return valve
integrated wellhead of injection and production
production pipeline
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2. Less Acid Consumption and High Effective Utilization
The consumption of Conventional acidification acid pressure acid dosage is from dozens of to hundreds of squares of acid fluid, atomized acid can totally diffuse with gas, less acid consumption,Only 10-20 m3 (site), low material cost.
Cavernous fissure reservoir body oil reservoir profile
Atomized acidizing diffusion simulation inside reservoir body
Model size:length 80cm,width 60cm, thickness 10cm, made from organic glass after acid etching.
Superiority
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3. No Flowback Fluid, Eco-Friendly
PH neutralizing
Oxidize deferrization
Precipitation separation
Fluid external emission
Conventional acid treatment / pressurize flowback fluid treatment system.
Vaporific acid etching treatment, Less acid consumption, Reaction efficiency ,to avoid reacted acid massively, flowback after acidification.
Acid fluid flowback site
Superiority
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Atomized acidizing formation treatment technology for micro-fracture and matrix constantly etching, While improving fracture conductivity may form a new flow channel.
Acidizing fluid fulliy atomized ,the diameter of droplet is 0.1~10μm Nitrogen gas takes along acid- droplet enter into micro-fracture Acidizing filud etches micro-fracture to increase its conductivity Connect with Ⅱ,Ⅲ type holes
VS Partial enlarge
Superiority 4. Into the Deep Reservoir, and Gradually Reform the Reservoir
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Hollowed zone
Acid etching zone
N Stratigraphic section of Conventional acidification acid
corrosion
Diffusion chart of atomized acidizing
Acid corrosion formation matrix
Formation chart of acid fracturing
fracture
Acid etching zone
N W
Atomized acid treatment Technology continue acid etching micro-fracture and matrix and new flow channel will be formed at the same time to improve the flow conductivity of fracture.
Superiority
4. Into the Deep Reservoir, and Gradually Reform the Reservoir
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5. Nitrogen overlap to Improve Upper Reservoir
Enter the upper reservoir, selective reform for attic style oil enrichment region of carbonate
Superiority
Atomized acidizing reformed, form a gas cap at the same time, advantage to the residual
oil develop in the top.
Impr
oved
wel
l
Top dead oil
Seam hole type of carbonate reservoir production tail, residual oil distribute
in top and side.
Impr
oved
wel
l Top dead oil
Side dead oil residual water after injection of water
displacing oil.
Injected gas
Top dead oil
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6. Reduce the Damage in the Process of Water Sensitive Reservoir Acidification
Low-permeability sandstone reservoir with mall pores, incompatibility between injection fluid and formation can cause swelling of clay minerals and formation damage with water lock phenomenon.
Oil well
Development trend began to
deteriorate after the water
sensitivity of reservoir
acidification.
Superiority
Water cut stepped up Water cut spiky up Water cut incremental up
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Contents
■---------------- About Kerui ■---------------- Technology Introduction ■---------------- Superiority ■---------------- Application
Page 27
Application
After atomization acid treatment, the initial production capacity is high, and the effective period is long.
Well number comparison
Cycle oil increment comparison
The validity of the production
Fracture cavity type carbonate reservoir is the most widely used, Nitrogen stimulation process with atomized acid formation processing technology may significantly enhance the cycle of oil increase, the effective period also increased.
Day
Met
er
Wel
l Num
ber
Adding acid Without acid
Adding acid
Adding acid Without acid
Without acid
1. Carbonate Reservoir
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Application
45
37
17%
Inject gas
47
33
28%
Well S80 production curve
S80
Before treatment, cumulate fluid is 154869t, cumulate oil 116630t, cumulate water 38240t; After gas injection production for 468days, cumulate fluid is 14960t, cumulate oil 9537t, cumulate water, average daily oil production 20t.
Well S80 Gas injection curve
Deal with atomized acidizing, at early stage with high production, long period of validity.
1. Carbonate Reservoir
Tubing Pressure(Mpa)
Daily Inject acid(m3)
Daily Inject gas(m3)
Wat
er
Cut
(%) Da
ily o
il
prod
uctio
n(t)
Da
ily fl
uid
pr
oduc
tion(
t)
Casin
g
Pres
sure
(M
pa)
Tubi
ng
Pres
sure
(M
pa)
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0102030405060
1 31 61 91 121 151
Oil preasure MPa
Cumulate gas 104m3
Casing preasure MPa
0
20
40
60
1 21 41 61 81 101 121 141
Oil preasure MPa
Casing preasure MPa
The first cycle curve of gas injection
The second cycle gas injection curve
Only gas injection huff and puff, cumulate oil production is low, short period of validity.
Application
Cumulate gas 104m3
First inject gas 500000
m3,may14,c-umulate oil
1284t
Flowing about 27 days,oil production
822t , daily oil output 30t
Preasure test 1.8Mpa Second inject gas
500000 m3, increase oil
635t
Flowing about 29 days,oil
production 965t , daily oil output
34t
Daily production curve
1. Carbonate Reservoir
Preasure test 7.5Mpa
Wat
er
cut%
Da
ily o
il pr
oduc
tion(
t) Da
ily
liqui
d
prod
uctio
n(t)
Daily
gas
pr
oduc
tion(
m3 \
d)
stro
ke(m
)
freq
uenc
y (p
er/m
in)
dyn
amic
oil
leve
ln(m
)
Choke
Time
Page 30
Application 2. Low-permeability Sandstone Reservoir
Depth m 3000 surface crude oil viscosity
mPa.s 18
Air permeability 10-3μm2 3.4 in-situ oil viscosity mPa.s
1.89
Porosity % 11 Freezing point ℃ 33.8
Oil area Km2 2.15 FMP MPa 29
Reservoir thickness m 8.3 pressure coefficient MPa/100m 1.37
Geological reserves 104t 123.5 TF ℃ 139
Surface crude oil density g/m3 0.8834 TG ℃/100m 4
reservoir parameters
June 2015
Reservoir thickness map of C103
Effect of atomization acid treatment with C103X7
perforation interval : 2951.4-2964m Oil layer 8.0m/2
Injection curve
Five wells implemented in the block. Average single well initial daily oil
3.7t. The average single well with the amount of acid is 5.3m3.
Shan dong KERUI research Institute of
petroleum engineering technology
Mapping: Song dongjiang Li zhiyong Drawing:Chen yue Check:Li chunqin Hu dongliang
Water cut
Water cut
Daily oil production
Daily liquid production
Cumulative injection amount of acid is 5.4m3
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After treatment Before treatment
Aim:improve water injection ability of
water injection well
Improve water injection profile
H32
H33
H34
H35
H36
Injection performance of C26-014
Well log of C26-014
Gas injection volume :4.5×104m3
Acid injection volume:5m3
2. Low-permeability Sandstone Reservoir
Application
Pump Pressure
/Mpa
Tubing Pressure
/Mpa
Daily Injection
/m3
Page 32
Application Effect
3. Deep Heavy Oil Reservoir
Area(Km2) 1.43 Formation temperature (℃) 89
Reserves (104t) 525 Temperature gradient (°C/100m) 3.0
Buried depth (m) 2300 Underground oil density (g/m3) 0.9826
Permeability (10-3μm2) 510 Surface oil viscosity (mPa·s) 15233
Porosity (%) 33.4 Freezing point (℃) -7-2 Formation pressure
(MPa) 16.7 Formation water salinity (mg/l) 187300
Pressure factor 0.98 Water type CaCl2
Top structure map for YD961 Block
Reservoir parameters for YD961 Block Carry out cold recovery huff and puff stimulation treatment on single well at the structural high part, the initial daily oil increment is 8.2t.
Monthly production curve for YD961X8 well
accumulative nitrogen volume: 250000m3
800ppm viscosity reducer: 500m3
Water cut
Water cut
Daily oil production
Daily liquid production
Page 33
Conclusions
1. Treated area of typical acidizing / frac-acidizing in fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir is very small. The discharge capacity and operation speed are
very high, resulting in serious acid fluid leakage. The whole reservoir is not fully stimulated, and the operation can easily connect the bottom water, so
the single well water cut will increase rapidly. After being atomized, the acid can enter deep formation with nitrogen and reaction occurs very slow, so
it can stimulated the typical acid unswept micro-fractures.
2. Acidizing radius is usually very small in low permeability reservoir, and unthorough flow-back can easily cause formation damage. Atomized acidizing
technology can enlarge acid swept area, stimulate small pore-throat. With nitrogen to increase formation energy, the flow-back is thorough.
3. Thermal recovery efficiency in deep heavy oil reservoir is low. During cold recovery process, this technology can take oil displacing agent into deep
formation to increase the stimulation radius, thus improving the cold recovery effect.
Application
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