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Principles of ManagementLecture 12
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Principles of Management
Fall 2010
Lecture 12
30 November 2010
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Principles of ManagementLecture 12
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What are Groups
A number of people who:
1. Interact with one another
2. Are psychologically aware of one another
3. Perceive themselves to be a group
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Characteristics of Groups
Frequent communication with all members
Small size to permit each member to
communicate with each other
Each member is influenced by and influences
each others
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Principles of ManagementLecture 12
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Why should Managers study groups?
Most common ingredient of all organization is
people
Most common technique to accomplish work
is to break into groups
Groups exist in all kinds of organizations
Can cause desirable or undesirable
consequences
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Principles of ManagementLecture 12
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Kinds of Groups Formal Groups
A group that exists within an organization
defined by management to perform certain
tasks
Types ofFormal Groups:
Command groups groups outlined in the chain
of command to carry out routine tasks
Task groups groups of people on sameorganizational level to accomplish non-routine
tasks
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Examples of Formal Groups
Committee type of a task group; group of
individuals charged with performing some
type of specific activities
Reasons for establishing committees:
Allow exchange of ideas
To generate suggestions and
recommendations To develop new ideas
To assist in development of policies
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Why Use Committees?
Can improve the quality of decision making
Encourages opinions
Increases participation
Encourages appropriate representation
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Kinds of Groups Informal Groups
A collection of individuals with common workexperiences resulting in a system ofinterpersonal relationship beyond those
established by management1. Interest Groups based on common
concern about an issue
2. Friendship Group based on personal
affiliation with one another (recreationalinterests, gender, race, religion, language,etc)
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What are Teams?
A group whose members influence one
another toward the accomplishment of an
organizational objective
A group qualifies as a team if its members are
focusing on achieving an organizational
objective
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Stages of Team Development
Stage What should managers do?
Forming getting oriented and
acquainted with one another
Be tolerant of lengthy
discussions
Storming clarification of roles Urge to reach agreement to helpachieve goals
Norming Agreement on rules,
roles and accepted behavior
Encourage to progress towards
setting norms
Performing focusing on solving
problems and meetingchallenges
Recognize accomplishments
continuously
Adjourning Finishing job and
disbanding (only for teams put
together for a specific purpose)
Assure of other opportunities
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Types of Teams
Problem-solving Teams: Team set up toeliminate a specific problem
Self-managed Teams: Plans, organizes,
influences, and controls its own work situation Cross-functional Teams: team composed of
people from different functional areas focusedon a specific objective
Functional Team: Composed of a mangerand employees in h/her unit
Virtual Team: Meets elecronically
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Commonly Used Types of Teams
Empowered functional - have authority to
plan and implement process improvements
Self-directed nearly autonomous and
responsible for many activities that were oncethe jurisdiction of managers
Cross-functional include a hybrid grouping
of individuals who are experts in variousspecialties and work together in various tasks
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Why do Entrepreneurs Use Teams?
Teams facilitate technology and market
demands the organization is facing
Teams help organization make products
faster and better
Permit entrepreneurs to tap collective wisdom
Empowering employees one of the best ways
to adapt to change Team culture can improve overall workplace
environment and morale
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What is an Effective Team
A team that:
Has innovative ideas
Accomplishes its goals
Has high personal/team commitment
Is rated highly by upper management
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Characteristics of an Effective
Team Clear understanding of the goals
Committed to team goals
Composed of competent individuals with relevant skills
Negotiating skills
Job Morphing skills readjusting to fit the needs of the
team
High mutual trust
Unified commitment
Good Communication
Effective leadership
Internal Support
External SupportPrinciples of Management
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Management Challenges of
Creating Team Players
Individualism vs Collectivism
Open communication
Honesty with one another
Ability to confront differences and resolve
conflicts
Ability to place lower priority on personal
goals for the good of the team
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What Roles Do Team Members
Play? Creator-Innovator: initiates creative ideas
Explorer-Promoter: champions ideas after they have been
initiated
Assessor-Developer: offers insightful analysis of options
Thruster-organizer: provides structure
Concluder-Producer; provides direction and follow-through
Controller-Inspector: examines details and enforces rules
Upholder Maintainer: fights external battles
Reporter Advisor: encourages the search for more
information
Linker: coordinates and integrates
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How to Build an Effective Team
People- related factors
Organizational related factors
Task related factors
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Shaping Team Behavior
Proper Selection
Employee Training
Rewarding appropriate team behavior
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Reinvigorating Mature Teams
Prepare members to deal with the problems
of maturity
Offer refresher training
Offer advanced training
Encourage teams to treat their development
as a constant learning experience
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