• Taxes Army Books• Government Trade Church • War Crafts Feudalism• Peasants Burgueoisie Manor• King Fall of cities Estates• Nobility Invasions • Fall of population Money• Religion Education
GOTHIC EUROPE MENTAL MAP
Economysociety
GOTHIC EUROPE
Low middle ageXII-XV
s.XIV-XVcrisiss.XII-XIII
expansion
Rise of Trade
And crafts.
Agriculturerecovery
Twoperiods
Politicscities
More population
Culture
Rise of monarchies
Moretaxes
Kingdomsexpansion
Parliaments
Gothic style
Universities
And finally
CRISIS
GOTHIC EUROPE MENTAL MAP
Economysociety
GOTHIC EUROPE
Low middle ageXII-XV
s.XIV-XVcrisiss.XII-XIII
expansion
Rise of Trade
And crafts.
Agriculturerecovery
Twoperiods
Politicscities
More population
Culture
Rise of monarchies
Moretaxes
Kingdomsexpansion
Parliaments
Gothic style
Universities
And finally
CRISIS
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES
MORE FOOD
ECONOMYTECHNOLOGY
IMPROVEMENTS+
MORE LANDS
MORE PRODUCTIONMORE FOOD
POPULATION INCREASES
MIGRATION TO NEW LANDS /TOWNS
RECOVERY OF TRADE
ECONOMY EXPANSION 12th and 13th century
THE AGRARIANREVOLUTION
11th and 12thcentury
Improvements after 11th century
From the old Roman plough…
Very light, not useful for hard soils…
To the new Norman plough…
Stronger, easy to carry by beasts…
Improvements after 11th century
ECONOMY
THE IRRUPTIONOF TRADE
Guilds
Master crafttsmen(maestros)
Journeymen(oficiales)
Apprentices
The new trade routes
THE TRADE
• Local comercial activity (local markets)• Long distance trade (trade fairs,
– Silk route throughtout Asia
• Geographical areas:– Mediterranean sea (Italy, Cataluña, Muslims,
Bizantium)– Atlantic and Baltic Sea (Hansa, Low countries,
England, North of Spain…)
What is sold in this picture?
LOCAL MARKETS
“El aire de la ciudadnos hace libres”
CAUSES OF URBAN GROWTH
CITIES AND TOWNS
GROWTH
CAUSES OF URBAN GROWTH
Rural migration
Urban life
Economic growth
Priviledges
CITIES AND TOWNS
GROWTH
WHAT CAN YOU SEE HERE?MAKE A DESCRIPTION
Cultivatedlands
WallsJewish quatier
Alcázar de la ciudad(fortress) Main convents, churches
and palaces
A MEDIEVAL TOWN: CÁCERES (12th – 15th century)
River
PARTS OF A WHOLE
• What smaller things make up the whole?
• For each of these parts, what would happen to the whole if it were missing?
• What is the function of the part?
Cultivated lands and river.Every town needed accessto water and food supply. These lands have been cultivated from 11th century onwards.
ROMAN PASTMost of the medievalEuropean cities were old Roman towns, butnot all. .
Cáceres, Arco del Cristo
WALLS AND GATES.They were very important in most of the towns,In case of war or siege. In peacetime, the gates Were locked after sunset.
Matacándome
pinnacles
SQUARE AND UPPER DISTRICTThe main square in thetown was the place wherethe most remarkable eventsTook place: the market and the Celebration of religious acts
Coats of arms
Roman arch (gothic)
SQUARE AND UPPER DISTRICTThe main square in thetown was the place wherethe most remarkable eventsTook place: the market and the Celebration of religious acts
Rose window
Canecillos
Bell tower
PointedArch(gothic)
Coats of arms
Roman arch (gothic)
Gargoles
buttress
URBAN CONVENTSThe church started to live In towns, in the way of newConvents, hospitals, parishChurches…
San Pablo, 15th century
ConventBuildings.
URBAN CONVENTSThe church started to live In towns, in the way of newConvents, hospitals, parishChurches…
San Pablo, 15th century
Pointedarch
Rose window
buttress
Apse
Espadaña
ConventBuildings.
alfiz
NOBILITY PALACESHad the aspectOf a fortress orCastle…
Roman arch (gothic)
Merlons
Coat of arms DoubleHorse-shoe Arch window
dovelas
Alfiz
But in the endOf Middle Agethey lost theirMilitary appearanceAnd became moreLuxurious.
Renaissancedecoration
JEWISH QUATIER(judería de Cáceres)Medieval towns createdDistricts for minoritiesLike Muslims and Jews.
CRAFTSMEN and GUILDSwith the same activityused to live and work in the same street, sometimesout of the walls.
CITY COUNCIL & TOWNHALLEvery town had his own council and townhall,And won independence from feudal lords.
URBAN PRIVILEGES AND LAWS, COUNCILS.Medieval towns had their own laws, so citizenswere free from feudal lords. Kings granted and protected these laws.
FUEROS DE CÁCERES13th century (1230)
These are some of the medieval laws from Cáceres (13th century)
The rise of monarchies: causes.
MONARCHIES
Have morepower because…
The rise of the bourgeoisie(burguesía).
The economic growth.
They expanded their territories.
By wars By familiar alliances
More taxes,More economicpower
The rise of monarchies: consequences.
MONARCHIESNow…
Fight between empire and papacy
Were not so dependent from feudal lords.
Start to fight for privileges and power against the church.
They start to fight against otherKingdoms.
Hundred years war
PARLIAMENTS- Third estate- Nobility- Church
EUROPE14th CENTURY:THE RISE OFMONARCHIES
THE MAIN CONFLICTS:
HUNDRED YEARS WARPAPACY Vs. EMPIREAVIGNON SCHISM
THE ORIGIN: THE HOLY ROMANEMPIRE VS. PAPACY
THE INVESTIDURE CONTROVERSY (12th -14th century)
THE PROBLEM: WHO WAS THE RIGHT PERSON TOAPPOINT BISHOPS?
THE MILITARPOWER
THE CHURCH POWER
NOBLESTHE CHURCH
OTON III(10th century)
HENRY IV VS. GREGORY VII
The German Emperordressed like a beggarand barefoot.
The PopeForgiving him
THE AVIGNON SCHISM
The pope from Avignon The pope from Rome
THE AVIGNON SCHISM(14th century)
CONCILIE OF CONSTANZA 1415
HUNDRED YEARS WAR (1337-1453)
English bowmen Heavy armoured knights
French flag(Capets)English flag
(Plantagenets)
THE ENGLISH BOWMEN
St. George cross
Long pikesWooden pikes
Long bow
Great battles: Agincourt (1415)
THE CRISIS OF THE LATE MIDDLE AGE
• CAUSESToo much population
+
Agriculture stagnation
-Less food -
Weaker population DISEASES:
THE PLAGUEBAD CROPS:CLIMATE CHANGE
DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS
The spread of the Plague (¡¡la peste!!)
FLEA
The population ofEurope declined More than one third in 50 years, Only 50 millions of population at The begining of the 15th century.
The ebola plague (2014)
The plague(1347-1351)
Pinnacle
Flying butresses Rose window
Archivoltes
Pointed arch
Gargoles
GOTHIC STYLE
triforium
Ribbed vault
Rose window
Stained glass Capitals & columns