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• Europe– Byzantines?
– High Middle Ages?
– Late Middle Ages?
– Renaissance?
Review: World Before Exploration
• China– Song Dynasty?
– Mongols?
– Yuan Dynasty?
– Marco Polo?
– Ming Dynasty?
Review: World Before Exploration
• The world during the fourteenth century consisted of three great trading systems:– East Asia System (dominated by Chinese)– Middle East-Mongolian system (dominated by Arabs)– European system (dominated by Italians)
• These trading systems were all linked together.– Allowed a “world system” of trade to develop.
• Functioned without a central controlling or dominating force.– No one controlled the whole system.– Each system could prosper.
• As a result, the world is polycentric.– “More than one center”– Each has its own wealthy center of population surrounded
by population providing raw materials.
What could destroy this “balance?”
• By late 13th century, a group of Turks begin to build power.– Ottoman Turks
• By 1453, the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople.– Change name to
Istanbul.
• Eventually conquer much of former Islamic Empire.
Rise of the Ottomans