TheJohnsHopkinsCareyBusinessSchoolStyleGuidewascompiledbywritersandeditorsinMarketingandCommunicationsattheCareyBusinessSchooltoencourageconsistencyandcorrectusageoftermsintheCareySchool’smanypublicationsandmaterials.TheguidelinesdrawfromcurrenteditionsoftheJHUStyleGuide,APStylebook,andChicagoManualofStyle.WrittenfromaJohnsHopkinspointofview,theguidelinesareintendedtocomplementAPandCMOS,andwhenthosesourcesdisagree,tochoosebetweenthem.Forpointsnotaddressedintheguidelines,APisthepreferredsource.ForpointsnotlistedinAP,usethedictionaryitrecommends:Webster’sNewWorldCollegeDictionary.Whenthedictionarygivestwospellings,usethefirstone;whenAPandWebster’sdisagreeonaspelling,useAP.AnumberofindividualJHUpublicationshavetheirownstylesheets,moredetailedanddirectedtohandlingspecializedcontent.
Theguidelinesbelowwillsupplementthosealreadyexistingandwillcontributetotheefforttobringoverallconsistencytouniversitypublications.
A
abbreviationsandacronymsDonotfollowanorganization’sfullnamewithanacronyminparentheses.Ifanacronymwouldnotbeclearwithoutthisarrangement,donotuseit.
Whenthefullnameofanacronymisused,wordsthatarenotnormallycapitalizedshouldbelowercased.Examplesoffrequently-usedacronymsareasfollows:
MOOC(massiveopenonlinecourse)CCP(CenterforCommunicationPrograms)CSOS(CenterforSocialOrganizationofSchools)CTY(CenterforTalentedYouth)DOGEE(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalEngineering)INBT(InstituteforNanoBioTechnology)MSEL(MiltonS.EisenhowerLibrary)STScI(SpaceTelescopeScienceInstitute)JHOC(JohnsHopkinsOutpatientCenter)
Jobtitlesandnamesoforganizations,centers,buildings,forms,tests,andotherobjectsaregenerallyspelledwithoutperiods.
StyleGuideNovember 2017
CEO,TOEFL,GRE,GMAT,ID,JHB,SAT
SeealsoJohnsHopkinsUniversitydivisions.
academicandadministrativetitlesInmostcases,titlesshouldfollowanameandbelowercased;theexceptions are namedprofessorshipsanddeanships,whichstaycappedevenwhentheyfollowaname.
Whenaformaltitleprecedesaname,capitalizeit,butlowercasewordsthatmodifythetitle:
ProfessorKevinFrick;businessProfessorColleenStuart;AssistantProfessorStacyB.Lee;R.ClaytonEmoryChairinRealEstateandInfrastructureKoWang;ViceDeanforFacultyandResearchValerieSuslow.
Withlowercasetitlesthatfollownames,thecapitalizationofthedisciplineordepartmentisdeterminedbytheusage:professorofbusinessandeconomics(lowercasebusinessandeconomicsbecauseyou’retalkingabouttheacademicdiscipline,notadepartment).
academicdegreesOmitperiods(MS,MBA,PhD),butavoidabbreviationswhenpossible:
JohnJones,whohasadoctorateinsociology.
Capitalizetheformalnameofadegree(MasterofScience),butlowercasethediscipline(MasterofBusinessAdministrationinhealthcaremanagement)andtheinformalname(master’sdegreeinmarketing).
academicyearShouldbewrittenasYYYY–YY(ex:2015–16)withanendash,notahyphen.
accentmarksForwordssuchas“premiere”thatarelistedwithoutanaccentinAPandwithanaccentinWebster’s,followAP.ForforeignwordsnotlistedinAP,followWebster’s.Seealsoforeignwords.
advisorNotadviser.
African-AmericanHyphenatenounandadjectiveforms.
TheAPstylemanualstatesthefollowing:“African-AmericanisacceptableforanAmericanblackperson.Blackisalsoacceptable.Thesetwotermsarenotnecessarilyinterchangeable,however.Forinstance,peoplefromCaribbeannationsgenerallyrefertothemselvesasCaribbean-Americans.”
agesAlwaysusefigures.
akaNospacing.
alphabetizationofhyphenatedsurnamesAlphabetizebyfirstsurname:SusanBrown-Smith.Ifnamesarenothyphenated,alphabetizebyfinalsurname:SusanBrownSmith.
alumnus,alumniAlumnusisthesingular,masculineform.Forreferencestowomen,usealumna(singular)andalumnae(plural).Alumniispluralforagroupofbothmenandwomen.
Alumnishouldbelistedbydegreeandgraduatingyear--i.e.,JohnDoe,GMBA2013,JaneDoe,MS1999.Inrunningcopy,thenameanddegreecanbeoffsetbyparenthesesorbrackets.Example:HaoYu(GlobalMBA,’12)isamemberoftheDean’sAlumniAdvisoryBoard.
ampersandUseonlywhentheampersandispartoftheformalnameofadepartment,division,company,etc.:U.S.News&WorldReport,Teaching&[email protected]“and.”(Ex.:TheSchoolofArts&SciencesandtheSchoolofEngineeringarebasedatHomewood.UseinsteadtheSchoolofArtsandSciencesandtheSchoolofEngineering.)
apostrophesNoapostropheisneededfordecades:1990s,1980s,2000s.
Makeacronymspluralwithoutapostrophesunlessthelastletteroftheacronymisans,inwhichcasetheapostropheisneeded:CEOs,GEDs,IDs,SPS’s
B
blogsTitlesofnamedblogsshouldbeitalicized.Titlesofblogentriesshouldbeplacedinquotationmarks.
BlueJaysUsetheplural,evenasanadjective:aBlueJayslacrossefan,aBlueJaysuniform.But:BobSmithisproudtobeaBlueJay.
boardoftrusteesLowercase:theJohnsHopkinsUniversityboardoftrustees.
BritishspellingsUseaBritishspellingonlywhenitappearsintheformalname:TheatreArtsandStudiesProgram,DepartmentofOrthopaedicSurgery.IfthewordwiththeBritishspellingismentionedelsewhereintheparagraphorstoryandisnotpartofaformalname,usetheAmericanspelling,despitetheinconsistency.
C
campusLowercase:Homewoodcampus,EastBaltimorecampus,MountWashingtoncampus.Exception:MontgomeryCountyCampus.
canceled,canceling,canceling,cancellation
capitalizationOnsecondreference,wordssuchas“university,”“school,”“hospital,”“institute,”“department,”“center”shouldnotbecapped.Exceptions:theConservatory,thePreparatory,thePress,theLaboratory/theLab(forAPL),theAcademy(aninstituteforadvancedstudyforretiredprofessors),theBeach(lawninfrontoftheEisenhowerLibrary).
Examplesbelow.
lowercase Uppercaseacademicterms(alsocalledsessions):summer,fallI,fallII,intersession,springI,springII
theCommittee,theCurriculumCommittee,ManagementCouncil
instructor theSchool,theSchool’spart-time,full-time(withhyphen) Dean,ViceDeanfaculty Turnitinprogram March2015AnnualProgressReport
catalog,catalogingNotcatalogue,cataloguing.
cellphone
CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionCDCistheacronym.
Classof2016Capitalize“Class.”
colonCapitalizethefirstwordafteracolononlyifitisapropernounorthestartofacompletesentence.
commaUseaserialcomma(i.e.,beforeandinaseries):theschoolsofMedicine,Nursing,andPublicHealth.Ifaserialcommadoesnotappearinapropername(DepartmentofFamily,PopulationandReproductiveHealth),donotaddit.
CommencementCapitalizeitwhenreferringtotheuniversity’send-of-yearceremonies.AlsocapitalizeCommencementDay.Theceremonycanalsobereferredtoasgraduationinsecondreference.
compositiontitlesForcapitalizationstyle,followAPandcapitalizetheprincipalwords,includingprepositionsandconjunctionsoffourormoreletters.Forguidelinesonitalicizingtitles,followCMOS.Operas,oratorios,tonepoems,andotherlongmusicalcompositionsareitalicizedandgivenstandardtitlecapitalization(Chicago8.189,8.190).Ifaninstrumentalworkisknownbyitsgenericname(symphony,concerto,quartet,etc.),itshouldnotbeitalicizedorputinquotationmarks(Beethoven’sNinthSymphony,Verdi’sRequiem).Descriptivetitles(e.g.,Beethoven’ssymphoniesPastoraland Eroica)areitalicized.Forpermissiblechangestotitles,seeChicago8.163.
Anofficialalbumtitleisitalicized(Chicago8.192).Songsandothershortermusicalcompositionsaresetinromanandenclosedinquotationmarks,capitalizedinthesamewayaspoems(Chicago8.189).
Booksandperiodicalsareitalicizedandcapitalizedheadline-style(Chicago8.166).Moviesandtelevisionandradioprogramsandseriesareitalicized.Asingleepisodeinatelevisionorradioseriesissetinromanandenclosedinquotationmarks(Chicago8.185).
corp.Abbreviatewhenanameendswith“corporation”(JohnsHopkinsHealthSystemCorp.);spellelsewhere(theCorporationforPublicBroadcasting).
co-sponsor
co-manager
coursetitlesDonotitalicizecoursetitlesorusequotationmarksaroundthem.
coursework
cross-disciplinary,crosssection
D
dataWhentheworddatareferstoseparateelements,usepluralverbsandpronouns:Datahavebeencollectedfrommanycountries.Whenthewordfunctionsasacollectivenoun,usesingularverbsandpronouns:Thedatayoucollectedishelpfulinthisproject.
database
D.C.PeriodsshouldbeusedtoseparateD.C.asinWashington,D.C.
degreesCapitalizethemainwordsinthenamesofdegreeswhentheyarespelledoutandcapitalizeabbreviationsofdegrees.(Note:Therearenospacesbetweenelements.)
BachelorofArts--BABachelorofScience—BSMasterofArts—MAMasterofScience—MSDoctorofPhilosophy—PhD
(Note:TheCareyBusinessSchoolprefersthatdegreesarenotabbreviatedwithperiods;e.g.,MBA,BA,MA,etc.)
Capitalizationofnamesofdegreesshouldmatchtheregistrar'sofficialdegreelist.Iftheofficialdegreenamecontainsthewords“ofScience,”thedisciplineiscapitalized.(RefertotheBachelorofArtsinEnglish,nottheBachelorofArtsdegreeinEnglishortheBachelor'sdegreeinEnglish.)Similarrulesapplytoreferencesmadetomaster'sanddoctoraldegrees.
Donotcapitalizeacademicdegreesusedinageneralsense.Notethatbachelor'sandmaster'sendin's.
abachelor'sdegreeamaster'sdegreeadoctoraldegreeoradoctorate
Inreferencestodegrees,theword“degree”isnevercapitalized.SheearnedherMasterofFinancedegree.
Makepluralabbreviationsofdegreeswiths(noapostrophe).MAs,PhDs,JDs
Capitalizenamesorabbreviationsofacademicdegreesandhonorsfollowingapersonalname.
JohnDoe,DoctorofLawJohnDoe,MDJamesTrillburn,WoodrowWilsonFellow
DegreesconferredatinstitutionsotherthanJohnsHopkinsmayfollowadifferentstyle.Verifydegreenamestopreservecorrectcapitalization,abbreviation,andpunctuationstyle.Whentheyfollowaperson'sname,qualifierssuchasPhDandMDareprecededbyacomma.Asecondcommafollowsthequalifierinrunningtext:
TheopeningremarksbyRossDaley,PhD,setthetonefortheconference.
dialogue
E
earthGenerallylowercase;capitalizewhenusedasthepropernameoftheplanet.Sheisdown-to-earth.HowdoesthepatternapplytoMars,Jupiter,Earth,thesun,andthemoon?
TheastronautslookeddownupontheEarthfromspace.Hehopestomoveheavenandearth.PeterOlsonisaprofessorofEarthandplanetarysciences.
editor-in-chiefUsehyphensandcapitalizethenounswhenitistheformaltitlebeforeaname.Otherexamplesareartist-in-residenceandsurgeon-in-chief.
emailInprintedworks,itisoftennecessarytobreakanemailaddressorauniformresourceidentifiersuchasaURLattheendofaline.Suchabreakshouldbemadebetweenelementsifatallpossible:afteracolonoradoubleslash;beforeorafteranequalssignoranampersand;orbeforeasingleslash,aperiod,oranyotherpunctuationorsymbols.Toavoidconfusion,anaddressthatcontainsahyphenshouldneverbebrokenatthehyphen;norshouldahyphenbeaddedtobreakanemailaddressorURL.Ifaparticularlylongelementmustbebrokentoavoidaseriouslylooseline,itshouldbebrokenbetweensyllablesaccordingtotheguidelinesofferedabove(Chicago7.42).
emdashEmdashesaremostoftenusedinpairsinHopkinspublicationstosetoffaphrase:Morethan1,000membersoftheuniversitycommunity—deans,trustees,faculty,staff,students,andalumni—helpedrefinetheplan.Forafullerdiscussion,seeChicago6.82.
endashEndashesareusedwithinclusivenumbers(pages8–10,theyears2012–13)andinplaceofahypheninacompoundadjectivewhenoneofitselementsiscompound:aNobelPrize–winningastrophysicist,theJohnsHopkins–ledstudy,UniversityofWisconsin–Madison.Anabbreviatedcompound,likeU.S.,istreatedasasinglewordandthereforeusesahyphen,ratherthananendash,incompounds.Asinglewordorprefixshouldbejoinedtoahyphenatedcompoundbyanotherhyphenratherthananendash;iftheresultisawkward,reword(Chicago6.80):atwo-thirds-fullauditorium;better,anauditoriumthatwastwo-thirdsfull.
erasUseeitherofthefollowingsystems,butbeconsistent:CE(oftheCommonEra)andBCE(beforetheCommonEra);orBC(beforeChrist)andAD(annoDomini,intheyearoftheLord).
EuropeanUnionSpellonfirstreference,thenuseEU(noperiods).
euro,euros
exhibitionsItalicizetitlesofexhibitions.
F
fall,fallsemesterLowercasereferencestoseasonsandacademicperiods.
FellsPointTheMarylandHistoricalSocietyandtheLibraryofCongressspellFellsPointwithoutanapostropheandregardthisformastheproperspellingoftheBaltimoreneighborhood.However,thespellingofFell’sPointisalsocommonlyaccepted,includingbytheJHUstyleguide.
-foldWriteoutallnumbers:fourfold,tenfold,hundredfold.
follow-up(noun,adjective),followup(verb)
foreignwordsIfforeignwordsarelistedinAPorWebster’s,donotitalicizethem.Seealsoaccentmarks.
foreignstudentsThephrase“internationalstudents”ispreferred.
from…toWhen“from”introducesarange,theword“to”mustcompleteit:Theseminarisfrom11a.m.to3p.m.Usingahypheninsteadof“to”isincorrect.
functionalunitsDonotuse“departments,”use“functionalunits.”Usetheampersand(&)whenappropriate.Examplesbelow.
Admissions OfficeofMarketing&Communications
Teaching&Learning@Carey
Dean’sOffice StudentServices OfficeofEducationFaculty&Research CareerDevelopmentOffice OperationsFinancialAid Development&Alumni
RelationsRegistrar
InformationTechnology FinanceOfficeofDataManagement
HumanResources
fundraiser,fundraising
G
gender-neutrallanguageHelpfultechniquesforachievinggender-neutrallanguagearelistedinChicago5.225and5.227.“Chairman”and“chairwoman”areacceptablewhentheyrefertospecificpeople;otherwiseuse“chair.”
globalUseglobalandnot"multinational"(ex:globalemployers).Theword“global”shouldnotbecapitalizedunlessusedaspartofthepropername--i.e.,GlobalMBA.H
Hanukkah
headlinesJohnsHopkinsMagazineusesupper-andlowercaseheadlinestyles.Forlowercasestyle,followAPStylebook,headlines;foruppercase,seeChicago8:157.Afewpoints:Capitalizeprepositionsoffourormoreletters.Encloseinsinglequotationmarkstitlesandotherwordsthatarenormallyitalicized.Usesingleinsteadofdoublequotationmarksinheadlinesandcallouts.Designershavefreereininheadlinesoffeaturesanddonotneedtofollowtheserules.
healthcareTwowordsunlessspelledasonewordintheofficialtitleofanorganization,bill,etc.Donothyphenateasanadjective.
homepageTwowords.
HomewoodSchoolsThistermreferstotheSchoolofArtsandSciencesandtheSchoolofEngineering.Ifpossible,avoidthisdesignation.
hyphenCompounds:BothAPandChicagopreferasparehyphenationstyle.Ifnosuitableexampleoranalogycanbefoundineitherstylebook(APPunctuationsection,under“hyphen,”andChicago7.85)orinthedictionary,hyphenateonlyifdoingsowillaidreadability.
Hyphenate“andahalf”onlyifusedasacompoundadjective:oneandahalfinches,aone-and-a-half-inchhem.
Donothyphenate“then”asanadjective:thenSovietRussia.Donothyphenatenumber+percentage:a10percentraise.
Donothyphenatedollaramount:Shesigneda10-year,$250millioncontract.
Donothyphenatecertainwords,evenwhenusedasadjectives:highschoolclass,healthcarelaw.
Donothyphenate“very”andadverbsendingin–ly:ahighlyregardedauthor,averygoodstudent.
Whenacompoundmodifierfollowstheverb“tobe,”hyphenateit:Herworkiswell-regarded.
FollowAPstyleandMerriam-Webster,butnotesomeexceptions.Examplesbelow.
I
i.e.ore.g.Donotuseitalicsanddofollowwithacomma(Ex.:seminarsandrecruitingactivities.
incorporatedAbbreviateandcapitalizeas“Inc.”whenusedasapartofacorporatename.Donotsetoffwithcommas:TimeWarnerInc.announceditsnewplan.
initialsIfanentirenameisabbreviated(e.g.,MLK,JFK),omitspacesandperiods(Chicago10.12;seealso7.62).Whenanindividualusesinitialsinsteadofafirstname(e.g.,E.L.Doctorow,H.L.Mencken),useperiodswithnospacebetweentheinitials.Useasingleinitial(e.g.,J.Jones)onlywhenitistheindividual’spreferenceorafirstnamecannotbelearned.
InternetTheword“internet”shouldnotbecapitalized.
IntersessionCapitalizewhenreferringtotheacademictermduringwinterbreak.
InstituteforHealthandSocialPolicyFormerlytheInstituteforPolicyStudies.
italicsInadditiontothewordstobeitalicizedthatarelistedincompositiontitlesandpaintings,statues,andsuch,namedblogs,shipsandothervessels(butnotabbreviationsUSSorHMS),exhibitions,andsymposiumseriesneedtobeitalicized.
Nohyphen Hyphen Exceptionsonline fine-tune onsitelifelong,weeklong,daylong part-time,full-timeextracurricular,cocurricular hour-longschoolwidecoursework tenure-track(adj.)dualdegreeprogramdecisionmaking(nounorverb)
decision-making(adj.)
universitywide
J
JohnsHopkinsatGreenSpringStation,JohnsHopkinsatEastern,JohnsHopkinsatKeswick,JohnsHopkinsatMountWashington
JohnsHopkinsBermanInstituteofBioethicsSupportedbySPH,JHM,JHN,andKSAS;servestheentireuniversityandhealthsystem.
JohnsHopkinsHealthSystemThecomponentsofthehealthsystemareasfollows:
JohnsHopkinsHealthSystemCorp.JohnsHopkinsHospitalJohnsHopkinsBayviewMedicalCenterJohnsHopkinsCommunityPhysiciansJohnsHopkinsEmployerHealthProgramsHowardCountyGeneralHospitalSibleyMemorialHospitalSuburbanHospitalAllChildren’sHospital
TheJohnsHopkinsHealthSystemCorp.isalegalentitythatemploysmore than 1,060peoplewhosupportseverallegalentitieswithservicesthatincludeLegal,Finance,HumanResources,andCompliance.Thecorporationwhollyownsthesubsidiariesofthehealthsystem.TheSchoolofMedicine,JohnsHopkinsHealthCare,andtheJohnsHopkinsHomeCareGrouparepartofJohnsHopkinsMedicinebutnotpartofthehealthsystem.Note:“JohnsHopkinsHealthCare”iscorrect.
JohnsHopkinsInstitutionsTheuseofthistermisdiscouraged.Itissometimesusedtorefercollectivelytothefollowingentities:
JohnsHopkinsUniversityJohnsHopkinsHealthSystemCorp.JohnsHopkinsHospitalJohnsHopkinsBayviewMedicalCenterJohnsHopkinsCommunityPhysiciansJohnsHopkinsEmployerHealthProgramsHowardCountyGeneralHospitalSibleyMemorialHospitalSuburbanHospitalAllChildren’sHospitalJohnsHopkinsHealthCareJohnsHopkinsHomeCareGroupandsubsidiaries
JohnsHopkinsMedicineInternational
JohnsHopkinsMedicalInstitutionsThistermissometimesusedtorefercollectivelytotheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicine,theJohnsHopkinsHospital,theJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofPublicHealth,andtheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofNursing.
JohnsHopkinsMedicineComponentsofJohnsHopkinsMedicineincludethefollowing:
JohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicineJohnsHopkinsHealthSystemCorp.JohnsHopkinsHospitalJohnsHopkinsBayviewMedicalCenterJohnsHopkinsCommunityPhysiciansJohnsHopkinsEmployerHealthProgramsHowardCountyGeneralHospitalSibleyMemorialHospitalSuburbanHospitalAllChildren’sHospitalJohnsHopkinsHealthCareJohnsHopkinsHomeCareGroupandsubsidiariesJohnsHopkinsMedicineInternational
JohnsHopkinsUniversitydivisions
JohnsHopkinsCareyBusinessSchoolTheschool’sformalnameistheJohnsHopkinsUniversityCareyBusinessSchoolortheJohnsHopkinsCareyBusinessSchool.Theschoolshouldnotbereferredtoasthe“SchoolofBusiness,”orthe“W.P.CareySchoolofBusiness,”whichispartofArizonaStateUniversity.Theschool’snamecanbeshortenedonsecondreferenceasfollows:CareyBusinessSchool,CareySchool,or Carey.
Theacronym“CBS” should not be usedforbrevityuponsecondreferenceoftheCareyBusinessSchool,nor shoulditbeusedinmarketing,advertising,socialmedia,orfor otherbranding-relateduses.“CBS”shouldnotbeusedtoshortenthenameofafunctionalunitwithintheschool.(Ex.:CBSHumanResources,CBSMarketing,CBSCommunications.)
Otherdivisionalnamesarefollowedbyshortenedformsandacronyms.
• TheJohnsHopkinsUniversityZanvylKriegerSchoolofArtsandSciences:KriegerSchoolofArtsandSciences,theKriegerSchool,theSchoolofArtsandSciences,KSAS.
• TheJohnsHopkinsUniversityWhitingSchoolofEngineering:theG.W.C.Whiting
SchoolofEngineering,theWhitingSchoolofEngineering,theWhitingSchool,theSchoolofEngineering,WSE.
• ThePeabodyInstituteofTheJohnsHopkinsUniversity:Peabody.Itsdivisionsare
thePreparatoryandtheConservatory.
• ThePaulH.NitzeSchoolofAdvancedInternationalStudiesofTheJohnsHopkins
University:SAIS,JohnsHopkinsSAIS.
• TheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofEducation:SOE.
• TheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicine:Medicine,SOM.
• TheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofNursing:Nursing,SON.
• TheJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth:BloombergSchool,School
ofPublicHealth,JHSPH(neverBSPH),SPH.
• TheJohnsHopkinsUniversityAppliedPhysicsLaboratory:APL,theLaboratory,
theLab.
JohnsHopkinsUniversity–NanjingUniversityCenterforChineseandAmericanStudies(Hopkins-NanjingCenter)
JohnsHopkinsUniversitypresident’snamePresidentDanielscanbereferredtoaseitherRonaldJ.DanielsorRonDaniels,dependingontheformalityofthecontext.(Notethecapitalizationstyle:HespokewithuniversityPresidentRonDanielsatthedinner.)
JohnsHopkinsUniversity/JohnsHopkinsHospitalInrunningcopy,theuniversityandhospitaldonotneedtoretainthecapitalized“The”traditionallyusedwiththeirformalnames.Instand-alonecopy,however,itisoftenappropriatetokeepthecapitalized“The.”WhenusedasshortenedformsofJHUandJHH,“university”and“hospital”shouldnotbecapitalized.ThepreferredshortenednameoftheuniversityandhospitalisJohnsHopkinsratherthanHopkins.
jointvs.separatepossessionWhentwonouns“possess”thesamething,theyareconsideredaunit,andonlythesecondelementtakesthepossessiveform:MichaelWillisandRobertHathaway’sNewSecurityChallengesinAsiaisavailablefromJohnsHopkinsUniversityPress(thebookwasco-editedbyWillisandHathaway).Whentwonounspossessdifferentthings,bothnounstakethepossessiveform:RogerHart’sandWilliamTurkel’snewbooksarealsoavailablefromthePress(Chicago7.22).
Jr.,Sr.Abbreviatejuniorandsenioronlywithfullnamesofpersons.DonotusecommasaroundJr.orSr.:MartinLutherKingJr.Commemoration.
justificationTextshouldalignedtotheleftandraggedontheright.Donotusejustifiedtext.
L
lifelong
lifesaving
light-years
-likeHyphenateonlyiftheletterLwouldbetripledorifthemainwordisapropernoun:TheHomewoodcampushas140parklikeacres.
long-standing,long-term,longtime
M
magnacumlaudeTheAPstylemanualstatesthatmagnacumlaudeandsummacumlaudeshouldbelowercasedunlessstartingasentence.Thetermsshouldnotitalicized.
-makingDecisionmaking(nounform),thedecision-makingprocess,decision-maker,butpolicymaking,policymakerandfilmmaking,filmmaker.
MarylandInstituteCollegeofArtItsacronym,MICA,isacceptableonfirstreference.
MountVernon
movietitlesSeecompositiontitles.
Mt.WashingtonConferenceCenter(ButMountWashingtoncampus).
N
nameddeanshipsBenjaminT.RomeDeanoftheWhitingSchoolofEngineering;JamesB.KnappDeanoftheKriegerSchoolofArtsandSciences;FrancesWattBaker,M.D.,andLenoxD.BakerJr.,M.D.,DeanoftheMedicalFaculty;SheridanDeanofUniversityLibrariesandMuseums.
nameddepartmentsMortonK.BlausteinDepartmentofEarthandPlanetarySciences(KSAS),HenryA.RowlandDepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy(KSAS),W.HarryFeinstoneDepartmentofMolecularMicrobiologyandImmunology(SPH),SolomonH.SnyderDepartmentofNeuroscience(SOM),RussellH.MorganDepartmentofRadiologyandRadiologicalScience(SOM).
namedprofessorshipsCapitalizenamedprofessorships:PhillipPhanistheAlonzoandVirginiaDeckerProfessorofStrategyandEntrepreneurship.NotethatoneCareyprofessorholdsachair:KoWangholdstheR.ClaytonEmoryChairinRealEstateandInfrastructure.Itisalsoacceptabletosay:PhillipPhanistheDeckerProfessorinStrategyandEntrepreneurship.Foracompletelistofnamedprofessorships,deanships,anddirectorships,gotowebapps.jhu.edu/namedprofessorships.
nameswithunusualcapitalizationNamesofcompanies,organizations,ormagazinesthatuseallcapsintheirlogosandletterheadmayfollowanupper-andlowercasestyle:Timemagazine,notTIME;theRandCorp.,nottheRANDCorp.NamessuchaseBay,iTunes,andiPoddonotneedtheirinitialletterscappedatthebeginningofasentence.Nameswithcapsinthemiddleshouldretainthosecaps:GlaxoSmithKline,InstituteforNanoBioTechnology.
NIHinstitutes,offices,andcentersForalistoftheinstitutes,seeAPunderNationalInstitutesofHealth;formoreinformation,gotonih.gov/icd/index.html.
NGONongovernmentalorganization.Spelloutatfirstuse,thenuseacronym(donotplaceacronyminparenthesesatfirstuse).PerAP,useNGOsparingly.
No.1APstyleusestheabbreviationwithafiguretoindicatepositionorrank.
NobellaureateSeeAPunderNobelPrize,NobelPrizesforafulldiscussion.
nonprofit(n.andadj.)
nonsexistlanguageAvoidwordsandusagethatreinforcesexiststereotypes.Donotuse“he”asanall-inclusivepronoun.“Heorshe”canbeused,butthefollowingsolutionsarepreferable:
• Changethesubjecttothepluralanduse“they,”makingsurethereisverb/nounagreement.
• Changethesingularthird-personreference(he/she)tothesecondperson(you).• Useneutralwordstoreplacepersonalpronouns(suchas“one”or“several”).• Repeatthenounoruseasynonym.• Revisethesentencetoeliminatethepronounaltogether.
ConsultTheHandbookofNonsexistWritingbyCaseyMillerandKateSwift,publishedbyBarnes&Noble,NewYork.Seegender-neutrallanguage.
numeralsFollowAPstyle:Ages:Alwaysusenumerals.
Grades:FollowAPrulesforordinalnumbers(e.g.,fifthgrade,12thgrade).
Scores(games,sports):Alwaysusenumerals.
Useacommatoseparatehoursandminutes:SusanBrownSmithcompletedtheracein3hours,45minutes(not3hoursand45minutes).
Dimensions,formulas,andspeeds:Alwaysusenumerals:5feet6inchestall.But:Hedrovefourmiles.
Percentages:Forpercentages,“percent”shouldbewrittenoutasonewordinformalcommunicationsandinrunningcopyratherthanusingthe%symbol.The%symbolmaybeappropriateforcharts,graphs,orgraphicartwork.(Ex.:Wehavereceived25percentofourdeposits.Sixty-sevenpercentofthestudentsareattendingthelecture.)
Ingeneral,numberslessthan10shouldbespelledout("oneperson,""twoyears,""threereports,"etc.).Numbers10andaboveshouldbeinnumerals("10people,""11years,""12reports,"etc.).
Forconsistency,numbersinthesamecategorymaykeepthesameform.(Ex.:Ofthestudentssurveyed,10respondedfavorablyand2respondedunfavorably.)
Otherexceptions:Ofthe100studentssurveyed,only3percentexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeevent.
P
pagenumbersWriteoutpageandusefigures:BusinessguruNormAugustine(interviewedin“StormsintheEconomicForecast,”page16)offersaprescriptionforenhancingU.Scompetitiveness.
paintings,statues,andsuchTitlesofpaintings,drawings,photographs,statues,andotherworksofartareitalicized,whetherthetitlesareoriginal,addedbysomeoneotherthantheartist,ortranslated.Thenamesofworksofantiquity(whosecreatorsareoftenunknown)areusuallysetinroman(seeChicago8.193).
parttime/part-timeHyphenateasanadjectivebeforethenoun;otherwiseusetwowords.
JohnSmithgoestoschoolfulltimeandhasapart-timejob.Mostofourgraduatebusinessstudentsworkparttime.
PeabodyInstituteThePeabodyInstitutecomprisestwodivisions:theConservatoryandthePreparatory.RetaintheinitialcapsforConservatoryandPreparatory.
PeaceCorpsNotethattheterm“returnedPeaceCorpsvolunteers”isoftenabbreviatedasRPCVsonsecondreference.
percent(Seenumeral).
periodspacingUseonlyonespaceafteraperiodtostartthenextsentence.
pluralofLatinnounsUsetheformthatWebster’slistsfirst:curricula,colloquia,symposiums.
possessionSeejointvs.separatepossession.
possessivesThreeexamplestonoteinJohnsHopkinsusage:campus’s,SAIS’,andJohnsHopkins’.SeeAPpossessivesforacompletediscussion.
pre-Hyphenatetheprefixpre-whenthecompounditcreatesisnotlistedinAPorWebster’sorisapropernoun:pre-JulyFourthcelebration,pre-retirementparty.Inmostcases,hyphenatetoavoidadoublevowel(perAP):pre-existing,pre-eminent,pre-empt,pre-exist.Exception:preeclampsia.
premiere/premierPremiere(noaccent,perAP)canfunctionasanounmeaningfirstperformance,asanadjectivemeaningtheleadorfirstperformer,orasaverbmeaningtogiveafirstperformance.Premieriseitheranadjectiveoranoun:Asanadjective,itmeanschief,key,firstinimportance.(Ex.:ThisdiscoveryisofpremierimportancetopeoplewithALS.)Asanoun,itisusedforthetitleoftheprimeministerofcertaincountries.
ProgramsWhendiscussingprogramsinthereport,theyshouldbementionedinthefollowingorder:MBA(Global,Flex,Executive),MS,BBA.
Lowercaseprogram(ex.:WhiletheEMBAprogramhasbarelyenoughcohorts…)
Lowercasespecializedmaster'sdegreeprogramsandbachelor’sdegree.NamesofprogramsshouldmatchtheCareywebsitehttp://carey.jhu.edu(ex.:"MSinMarketing").
MBAprograms(Full-Time(Global,“GMBA”),Part-Time(Flex),Executive)MSprograms(EnterpriseRiskManagement,HealthCareManagement,Finance,InformationSystems,Marketing,RealEstateandInfrastructure)BBAprogram.
Carey'sfourverticalsare:RealEstateandInfrastructure,HealthCareManagement,EnterpriseRiskManagement,andFinancialBusinesses.
WhenreferencingtheHealthCareprogram,makesurethereisaspacebetween“Health”and“Care”andbothwordsarecapitalized.
R
RoshHashana
S
Science+TechnologyParkatJohnsHopkins
servicecentersCapitalizeSponsoredProjects,AccountsPayable,FixedAssets,Payroll.
SheridanLibrariesTheyencompasstheBrodyLearningCommonsandtheMiltonS.EisenhowerLibrary,includingMSEL’scollectionsattheAlbertD.HutzlerReadingRoom(“theHut”)inGilmanHall,theJohnWorkGarrettLibraryatEvergreen,andtheGeorgePeabodyLibraryatMountVernonPlace.
shuttleLowercase:Homewood–JHMIshuttle.
smartphone
SpaceTelescopeScienceInstitute(STScI)
Sr.SeeJr.,Sr.
spring,springsemesterLowercasereferencestoseasonsandacademicperiods.startup,startupOnewordasanounoradjective;twowordsasaverb.
stateabbreviationsInrunningcopy,itispreferabletospelloutthenamesofstates.Whenabbreviationsofstatenamesarenecessary,followAPstyleanddonotusepostalcodesexceptinheadlineswithstatenamesthathavetwoparts(NJ,NY).Todecidewhetherastatenameisneeded,consultAPondatelines.PeriodsshouldbeusedtoseparateD.C.asinWashington,D.C.
St.PaulStreet
student-athlete
StudentConductCode
sub-Saharan
summacumlaude(seemagnacumlaude)
symposiumsItalicizetitlesofsymposiumsandputinromanandquotestheindividuallectureswithinthem.
T
televisionprogramtitlesSeecompositiontitles.
TheInrunningcopy,donotcapitalize“the”evenifitispartoftheformaltitleofacompany,division,oruniversity:K.T.RameshistheAlonzoG.DeckerJr.ProfessorofScienceandEngineeringattheJohnsHopkinsUniversity.
Exception:Newspapers,magazines,andbooksretainthecapitalized“The”:TheNewYorkTimes,TheNewYorker.Whennamesstandalone,asinaprogramorinvitation,
“The”wouldbecapped:TheJohnsHopkinsUniversity,TheCharlotteR.BloombergChildren’sCenter.SeealsoJohnsHopkinsUniversity/JohnsHopkinsHospital.
theaterUsetheBritishspelling“Theatre”onlywhenitappearsintheformalname:TheatreArtsandStudiesProgram,JohnAstinTheatreintheMerrickBarn,DunbarBaldwinHughesTheatreCompany,SenatorTheatre.TheCharlesTheaterformerlyusedtheBritishspellingbutswitchedtotheAmericanspelling.
titledNot“entitled”whenreferringtobooks,plays,etc.:ValiNasr’snewbookistitledTheDispensableNation.
type2diabetes
U
universitynamesInrunningcopy,lowercaseTheevenifit’sincludedintheformalnameofauniversity:theOhioStateUniversity.(SeealsoJohnsHopkinsUniversity/JohnsHopkinsHospitalandThe.)Whenthenameofauniversityincludesalocation,followthepracticeofthatschool.Iftheuniversityusesacommaandthenameoccursmidsentence,putcommasbothbeforeandafterthelocation:
AttheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,pollardedLondonplanetreesframetheviewoftheCampanile.
Iftheuniversityuses"at,"retainit:UniversityofTexasatAustin.Iftheuniversityusesahyphen,changeittoanendashbecauseoneoftheelementswillbecompound:UniversityofWisconsin–Madison.Iftheuniversityusesneitheraprepositionnoracomma,followthatstyle:UniversityofColoradoBoulder.Seealsoendash.
URLAlthoughitisnotwrongtoincludethephrases“http://”and“www”whengivingURLs,itisnotnecessarytodoso.
U.S.Inheadlinesandcopy,useperiods;anexceptiontoAPstyle.
V
verbs,singularorpluralSomeJohnsHopkinsentitieswithpluralnamestakesingularverbs,otherspluralones.Someexamples:TheFriendsoftheLibrariesisholdingameeting.TheJohnsHopkinsMedicalInstitutionsareinEastBaltimore.TheSheridanLibrariesencompasstheBrodyLearningCommonsandtheMiltonS.EisenhowerLibrary,includingMSEL’scollectionsattheAlbertD.HutzlerReadingRoominGilmanHall,the
JohnWorkGarrettLibraryatEvergreenMuseum,andtheGeorgePeabodyLibraryatMountVernonPlace.TwootheragenciesthatappearfrequentlyinJHUpublicationsaretheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionandtheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Bothtakeasingularverbwheneithertheformalnameortheacronymisused.vicepresidentUsefor,notof,asthepreposition:vicepresidentforcommunications,vicepresidentforhumanresources.WwaitlistWashingtonDCCenterThepropernameoftheCareyBusinessSchool’sWashington,D.C.,location.websiteAlsowebcam,webcast,andwebmaster.Butasashortformandintermswithseparatewords,“theweb,”“webpage,”and“webfeed.”Donotitalicizeorputinquotesthenamesofwebsites.workforceWork,LifeandEngagementYyear-endyearlongyearinschoolDonotcapitalizethewords“freshman,”“sophomore,”“junior,”“senior,”or“graduate”whentheyrefertotheyearinwhichacourseistobetakenortotheclassificationofthestudent.
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