JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
Overview of Training Session
The Need for Improved Safety Performance
Factors Contributing to Accidents
Fundamentals of Job Safety Analysis
JSA Exercise
AGENDA
Objectives
• Review accident causation model
• Introduce JSA and establish its role and
determine role in operations
• Provide basic hazard recognition skills
• JSA techniques to use
• Define Job Safety Analysis
Improve quality.Maintain a healthier work force. Reduce injury and illness rates. Increase acceptance of high-turnover jobs. Allow employees to feel good about their work. Reduce workers’ compensation costs. Assist with regulatory compliance
A JSA MAY:
National Safety Council Statistics
• An on the job fatal accident occurs on an average of each 90 minutes
• An on the job injury requiring professional medical treatment occurs each 5.2 seconds
• American employees lose over 100 Million days of productive work annaully due to on the job injuries
National Safety Council Statistics
• 50% of all on the job fatalities occur in companies of 100 employees or less
• 33% of all on the job fatalities occur in companies of 20 employees or less
National Safety Council Statistics--Economic Impact of Accidents on People and Business
Total Cost to US Economy= $122.6B
Average Cost per Death= $940,000
Average Cost per LT= $28,000
Average Cost per Employee= $910
Four Risk Management Pillars
Protect the Company’s employees
Protect the Company’s physical assets
Protect the Company’s customers
Protect the Company’s reputation
“It is estimated that in the United States, 97% of the money spent for medical care is directed toward treatment of an illness, injury or disability. Only 3% is spent on prevention.”
Self-help Manual for your BackH. Duane Saunders, MSPT
Basic Definitions
Definition:– Occupational Safety is…
• The control and elimination of recognized hazards in the workplace to attain an acceptable level of risk
– An incident is…• Any unplanned event that results in personal injury, damage to
property/equipment or environment, or an event that has the potential to result in such consequences
Key Prevention Strategies
• The key to incident prevention is anticipating possible incident causes and reducing or eliminating possible incident producing causes
• The key to incident investigation is to:– Get all the facts surrounding the incident– Determine the incident causes– Take appropriate steps to prevent another incident from
occurring
Potential ContributorsIncident Causation• The following factors may contribute to incident
causation
– Organizational culture– Management system– Unsafe behavior– Unsafe conditions– Non-work factors
Potential Incident Contributors
• Organizational Culture—”the way things are around here.”
– How can organizational culture contribute to an accident?
Potential Incident Contributors
• The Management System– Managers who say one thing and do another– Daily activities that differ from stated values and priorities– Basic management system
• Defined roles• Training to enable performance• Measures• Rewards
Potential Contributors—Unsafe Behaviors• Operating without
authority• Failure to warn others• Working at unsafe
speeds• Making safety devices
inoperative• Using unsafe equipment
• Using safe equipment unsafely
• Using unsafe postures• Working on
moving/energized equipment
• Horseplay• Failure to use PPE
Potential Contributors Unsafe Conditions• Improper guarding• Defective equipment• Inadequate or defective
warning devices or systems
• Hazardous arrangement or storage
• Improper illumination• Improper ventilation
The Purposes of Job Safety Analysis
To establish safe work methods for various jobs Recognize and identify hazards associate with various
jobs Provide a basis for consistent training Establish efficient work methods for various jobs
Determining Jobs to be Analyzed
Develop a list of occupations
Develop a list of jobs
(Create an index of jobs to be analyzed)
Determining Jobs to be Analyzed
Possible criteria to be considered:
Injury frequency associated with a particular job
Potential injury severity
Regularity of a particular job (or infrequency)
Changes in equipment or operations
Possible Criteria to be Considered
Environment Tools Equipment Materials Machinery Potential sources of injurious contact
Basic Steps of Conducting a JSA
Break the job down into steps or elements Determine potential incident causes or hazards Eliminate or reduce hazards Complete writing a job hazard analysis
Methods of Developing a JSA
Group discussion method
Supervisor and group that performs the job discuss the job hazards
Direct observation method
Supervisor or employee develops JSA by observing job being performed
STEP 1 - DETERMINING JOB CONDITIONS
SET THE EMPLOYEE TO BE OBSERVED AT EASE. POINT OUT THAT YOU ARE STUDYING THE JOB
NOT PERFORMANCE! INVOLVE THE EMPLOYEE IN THE ANALYSIS. SPEAK WITH CO-WORKERS. DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF THE JOB ON CO-
WORKERS. REVIEW ANTICIPATED RISK FACTORS REVIEW GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR PERFORMING
JOB.
STEP 2 - BREAKING DOWN THE JOB
LIST EACH STEP IN ORDER OF OCCURRENCE. RECORD EACH STEP OF JOB ACTION. GO OVER THE STEPS WITH THE EMPLOYEE. FINALIZE THE STEPS INVOLVED.
STEP 3 - IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS
CAN CLOTHING OR JEWELRY GET CAUGHT? WHAT FIXED OBJECTS COULD CAUSE PUNCTURES? WHAT COULD THE WORKER GET CAUGHT “BETWEEN”? WHAT CAN THE WORKER GET CAUGHT IN, REACHING OVER,
UNDER, AROUND OR THROUGH ETC.? IS THE WORKER OFF-BALANCE AT ANY TIME?
STEP 3 - IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS
ASK THESE KINDS OF (WHO & WHAT) QUESTIONS:
IS THE WORKER POSITIONED DANGEROUSLY? WHAT REPETITIVE MOTION INJURIES ARE LIKELY? WHAT MOVING PARTS COULD STRIKE THE WORKER? CAN THE WORKER FALL FROM ONE LEVEL TO ANOTHER? CAN THE WORKER BE INJURED FROM CARRYING HEAVY OBJECTS? WHAT ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS EXIST?
Continued
STEP 4 - EVALUATING THE HAZARDS
ASK THESE KINDS OF (WHY & HOW) QUESTIONS:
WHY ISN’T PPE SERVICEABLE? WHY IS PPE IMPROPERLY WORN? WHY DOESN’T PPE FIT PROPERLY? HOW CAN LOCKOUT PROCEDURES BE IMPROVED? WHY HAS PROPER TRAINING NOT BEEN CONDUCTED? CAN WORK FLOW BE ORGANIZED BETTER?
STEP 5 - PROTECTIVE MEASURES
DETERMINE IF THE JOB COULD BE PERFORMED IN
ANOTHER WAY TO REDUCE THE HAZARDS. LIST EACH SAFER JOB STEP OR PROTECTIVE
MEASURE. BE SPECIFIC! IF JOB HAZARDS ARE STILL PRESENT:
REDUCE NECESSITY. REDUCE FREQUENCY. CONSIDER JOB ROTATION.
How to Use Completed JSAs
New employee orientation Refresher training for seasoned employees Regulatory training Training for infrequent jobs Periodic safety meeting topics
Reviewing/Revising JSAs
Review on a scheduled basis to be certain that they remain current
Revise whenever changes occur to the job, equipment, or environment