International Natural Resource Management
(INRM)
Changxiao Li, Ph.D.Email: [email protected]
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Ecosystem-based Management
1. Concept:
Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) is a management approach that:
• Integrates ecological, social, and economic goals and recognizes humans as key components of the ecosystem.
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• Considers ecological- not just political- boundaries.
• Addresses the complexity of natural processes and social systems and uses an adaptive management approach in the face of resulting uncertainties.
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Ecosystem-based Management
• Engages multiple stakeholders in a collaborative process to define problems and find solutions.
• Incorporates understanding of ecosystem processes and how ecosystems respond to environmental perturbations.
• Is concerned with the ecological integrity of terrestrial-marine systems and the sustainability of both human and ecological systems.
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Ecosystem-based Management
Ecosystem Types
1. Coastal2. Estuarine3. Freshwater4. Marine5. Terrestrial6. Watershed7. Wetlands8. River
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1.4 Principles of Ecosystem-based Management
1. Sustainability-Regarding intergenerational sustainability as a precondition
2. Goals-Establishing measurable goals
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1.4 Principles of Ecosystem-based Management
3. Sound Ecological Models and Understanding -Relying on research performed at all levels of ecological organization
4. Complex and Connectedness -Recognizing the importance of biological
diversity and structural complexity
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5. The Dynamic Character of Ecosystems-Recognizing that change and evolution are
inherent in ecosystem sustainability6. Context and Scale-Operating over a wide range of spatial and
temporal scales-Being affected by surrounding systems-Thus, there is no single appropriate scale or
timeframe for management.
1.4 Principles of Ecosystem-based Management
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7. Humans as Ecosystem Components-Valuing the active role of humans in achieving
sustainable management goals8. Adaptability and Accountability-Current knowledge and paradigms provisional,
incomplete, and subject to change-Management approaches needed to be tested
by research and monitoring programs
1.4 Principles of Ecosystem-based Management
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2. How about the Ecosystem-based Management in the US?
• Show Slides of the Cornell Life
• Requesting to Think about the Eco-friendly Living Styles while viewing the PPT
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3. Watershed-based Management3.1 Concept
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Watershed Components
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Hydrological Cycle in the Watershed
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Watershed Adaptive Management
-Watershed adaptive management is a multi-step, iterative process consisting of watershed monitoring, assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
-Inherent to the process is a period of learning based on changing conditions that leads to improved decision-making to correct problems.
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Steps in Watershed Management
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Processes of Watershed Adaptive Management
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The “adaptive” part of watershed management occurs when assessments of changing conditions and the responses of the watershed to management are used to make new decisions.
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Watershed Management Conceptual Model and Indicators
1. Ecological or Social Endpoints2. Watershed Processes Influencing Endpoints3. Human Activities Influencing Watershed
Processes4. Draw a Conceptual Model5. Select Watershed Indicators
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Human Activities Influencing Watershed Processes
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