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Sustainable, Reliable, Affordable
Environmental
Integrated Rainwater Harvesting Systems
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Ote the simplest o methods ca be the most eective
Harvesting rainwater is one o the oldest and most elemental o ways in
which we can live sustainably with nature. Only now is the value o waterbeing recognised as it becomes an increasingly precious resource.
Here at Kingspan Environmental, we have been designing and installingrainwater harvesting systems or over a decade. While we continue toollow the principles o rainwater harvesting, our systems have evolvedthrough our knowledge, experience and the latest technology.
The result?
An advanced range o systems, bringing intelligent sustainability to allmodern buildings.
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03
Rainwater Harvesting is not a new concept.
Since earliest times, mankind has captured
rain in order to provide a simple and accessible
supply o resh water.
With the introduction o mains water supply, harvesting
methods in the developed world have been largely
reduced to the use o garden waterbutts. In most
buildings naturally clean rainwater is let to wash away
while expensive puried water is used or all applications
with only a raction being used or potable-use. In recent
years it has become harder to ignore this illogical way o
using our natural resources.
Water has become a valuable commodity. Increased
awareness o the environmental issues surrounding water
reserves, drainage and a cultural shit towards sustainability
have also meant that Rainwater Harvesting is more eective
and signicant than ever beore.
Wht is Rinwter Hresting?
The Basic Priciples
The principles behind Rainwater Harvesting are simple.
Any system has a method ocollectio (e,g a roo), a
storage vessel (tank) and a delivery acility (be it a simple
on/o tap or pipework system).
Integrated rainwater systems still adhere to these
elementary steps, but use modern technology to rene
the process with automation and ltration.
Itegrated RaiwaterHarvestig Systems
The rainwater that alls onto a buildings roo is channelled
through standard guttering and pipework. Rather than
going into the drain, the water passes through a mesh lter
(to remove leaves or debris) beore entering a storage tank.
When needed, this water is then automatically pumped
back into the building and, (ater urther ltration), is put
to use in non-potable applications, such as toilet fushing,
laundry or commercial washdown areas.
Float level switches within the tank alert an electronic
control device to divert to mains supply should the
storage tank run empty. The system will always draw on
harvested water rst.
System variations include the use o a header tank and
booster sets, but in essence any integrated Rainwater
Harvesting system ollows the same process in its operation.
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04
COLLECTION
RE-USE
FILTER
STORE
Integrted Rinwter Hresting Systems
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Whether it alls rom the sky or comes out o a tap, our relationship with water has undamentally
changed. There is more pressure than ever beore to ensure that every drop o water is accounted
or and controlled.
On one hand, water has become a valuable commodity. On the other, climate change has
altered the pattern o rainall leading to shorter heavier bursts o rain that pose major risks to the
current drainage inrastructure.
Environmental issues are becoming increasingly important and there is a growing public
awareness o the contribution that good building design can make to reducing pollution and
improving the environment.
05
The Situtin
Eglad ad Wales: about 1,334 cubic metres (m3)
per person
South-east Eglad: about 921 m3 per person.
Thames Valley: just 266 m3 per person.
We have less water available per person than:
Aghaista 2,608 m3
Ira 1,970 m3
Iraq 2,917 m3
Lebao 1,189 m3
Syria 1,441 m3
Suda 1,879 m3
People in the Thames Valley have less water
available to them than:
Egypt 794 m3
Ethiopia 1,519 m3
and nearly the same asIsrael: 255 m3
Water Availability
Levels o water stressSerious
Moderate
Low
Not assessed
Water Stress Areas
As this map shows, the South o the country is susceptible
to alling to near critical levels o water shortage in relation
to population. As these areas become even more densely
populated, the demands on the existing water supply
inrastructure continues to increase at a rate that is clearly
unsustainable.
Reservoir storage is nite regardless o rainall, thus the
most eective solution to this imminent water supply crisis
is widespread use o Rainwater Harvesting.
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06
FLOOD
Maagig the Stormwater Challege
Typical Domestic ad Commercial Water Use
Residential Water Usages
The Kingspn Enirnmentl Rinwter Hresting pkge n stisfy
pprximtely 53% f the demnd in typil residentil huse.
Dish Washer
WC Flushing
Washing Machine
External Use
Commercial Water Usages
The Kingspn Enirnmentl Rinwter Hresting pkge n stisfy
pprximtely 85% f the demnd in typil mmeril pplitin.
UrinalsWC Flushing
Non-potable Processes
Personal Washing and Bathing
Drinking and Food Preparation
Applications where RainWaterHarvesting can be used
Potable ProcessesCanteen Sinks
Applications where RainWaterHarvesting can be used
As more river valleys become developed with
hard suraces (paths, roads and rooed areas)
the speed at which the rainwater runs o the
land increases.
This can have a severe eect on a watercourse
where fash foods can occur downstream
where the volume o water entering the system
can be extremely high due to a cumulative
eect o development upstream.
Gllwighlhiptthlvl
f rinfll, whih hs grdully inresed er the
ptfw.Thihtutthpl
f strmwter entering wterwys.
Flhlgwithiiglvlhv
pilfvigithUKi reent yers. This hs led t rising insurne lims
lviglkptwh
iugitgtti.
44%
20%
21%
6%9%
4%
31%
12% 6%
32%
15%
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07
Lgilti,IititivthFutu
The Code orSustaiable Homes
Defitio: Government owned environmental assessment method or certiying
and rating new homes in England. It was launched in December 2006.
The CSH measures the sustainability o a new home against categories o sustainable design, rating the
whole home as a complete package rather than on a single characteristic.
The CSH uses a one to six star rating system to communicate the overall sustainability perormance o
a new home. The CSH sets minimum standards or energy and water use, set at incremental levels.
From 1st May 2008 it is mandatory or a Code sustainability certicate or a nil rated Certicate (where
an assessment has not taken place) to be included in the Home Inormation Pack as inormation toprospective purchasers o properties in England.
Implicatios the coutdow to 2016
The Government has detailed a timeline or the adoption o the CSH which concludes with net-zero
carbon Level 6 homes by 2016.
The Governments ambition or the Code is that it becomes the single national standard or the design
and construction o sustainable homes, and that it drives improvements in home building practice.
Currently the average water use is 150 litres per person per day. To achieve ratings at the higher end
o the Code the developer will have to install more water-riendly ttings and appliances to dramatically
reduce this water consumption gure.
To reach Code Level 6 (80 litres per day) a orm o rainwater harvesting will have to be adopted.
As more river valleys become developed with hard suraces (paths, roads and rooed areas) the volume
o rainwater that runs o the land increases.
This can have a severe eect in a watercourse where fash foods can occur downstream where the
volume o water entering the system can be extremely high due to a cumulative eect o development
upstream.
To address this problem, the drainage systems o towns, cities and developments have been
surveyed and a policy o Sustainable Drainage Systems (SUDS) has been developed to counteract the
problems being encountered.
SUDS addresses issues of the quantity and quality of the water run-off from sites.
Attenuation systems (tanks and rainwater harvesting systems) and separators (to remove oilcontaminants from discharges) are required.
Sustaiable DraiageSystems (SUDS)
The uture o the Code
TIME-LInE 2007 2008 2010 2013 2016
PRIvaTE SEcToR
VoLUnTaryassessmenTmandaTory
LEvEL 3mandaTory
LEvEL 4mandaTory
LEvEL 6mandaTory
105 l/p/day 90 l/p/day 80 l/p/day
PUbLIcsecTorLEvEL 6
mandaToryLEvEL 4
mandaTory
LEvEL 3mandaTory
105 l/p/day 90 l/p/day 80 l/p/day
l/p/day (litres/per perso/per day)
Commet
newhomeseedtoadoptwater-efcietdevicessuchaslimiteddepthbathsorshallowcisters.These
viivilpiuftfthkfwtfi.aitgtiwt
hvtigtuthfpiliuhwt-fitvi.
Commet
riwtHvtigfuhkitglptfwlligutilig
h,itiftgthtsUdslutitivtigt.
The UK Government has stated
its commitment to tackling both
the causes and consequences
of climate change. To this end ithas started to introduce a clear,
credible, long-term framework
for the UK to achieve its goals
of reducing carbon dioxide
emissions and ensure steps
are taken towards adapting
to the impacts of climate change.
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08
Buildig Regulatios Part H
BREEAM
Defitio: Building Research EstablishmentEnvironmentalAssessment Method.
A suite o environmental assessment rating tools designed, operated and owned
by BRE, rst launched in 1990.
BREEAM is the worlds longest established and most widely used environmental assessment method
or buildings. It sets the standards or best practice in sustainable development and demonstrates a
level o achievement.
Predominantly a design-stage assessment, BREEAM assesses buildings against a set criteria and
provides an overall score which will all within a band providing either a; PASS, GOOD, VERY GOOD,EXCELLENT or OUTSTANDING rating.
BREEAM is applied across the building spectrum through various packaged orms, created to suit individual
types o building or example common types o buildings can be measured under packages including
BREEAM Education, BREEAM Prisons, BREEAM Oces, BREEAM Multi-residential and others.
The original BREEAM Eco-homes was created to tackle domestic homes. In April 2007 the Code or
Sustainable Homes replaced Ecohomes or the assessment o new housing in England. EcoHomes 2006
will continue to be used or reurbished housing in England and or all housing in Scotland and Wales.
Commet
riwtHvtigigithviubreeamuiligpkg
high-ittiuthWtefit.
Defitio: Within the Building Regulations 2002, part H3 sets out guidance and
requirements for rainwater drainage.
Building regulations are specic to particular building procedures and components. Part H3 has
increased the responsibility o developers and contractors to ensure that buildings are designed with
demonstrable methods o sustainable drainage.
Rainwater carried rom the roo o the building has to be managed while paved areas around the
building should be constructed so that they are suitably drained. Piping the fow into the mains is no
longer the immediate solution.Provisio or maaged disposal ollows a hierarchy o discharge optios:
A adequate soak-away or some other adequate ifltratio system (e.g swales, lter
drains, inltration basins etc). Not always a practicable option, requiring a designated and
secure land area.
A watercourse - This is dependent on consent granted, e.g the Environment Agency or
applicable authority.
A sewer - Consent is only given i capacity is deemed available. I there is not enough
capacity a separate system should be put in place - an oten prohibitive cost.
Commet
Thbuiligrgultiplphithquitfthvlp/tttdealwiththeraiwaterdraiageosite.Theuseofasoak-away(orsomeotheradequateiltratiot)ithpiluti,utifthipvttpil,thiwtut
dishrged int wterurse.
olithlitulitihgitpuliw.
ariwtHvtig tpvivlp& ttwith fftiv ilttisystem s mens f reduing the impt f the rinwter dishrge n site. In s ding, mnyf thit ig quitf uilig gulti ti, thu thpress f gining plnning permissin.
1st
2nd
3rd
s also apparent that such
ameworks are top of the agenda
r the Government in Ireland.
ilding sustainable homes
quires all sorts of environmental
pacts to be minimised in addition
carbon dioxide emissions, such
water use, waste generated,
d materials for building.
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Water-use Applicatio
Harvested rainwater can be used to replace mains water
in nearly all non-potable applications.
The most popular role or rainwater is to serve a buildings
acilities such as toilet fushing, washing, or garden irrigation
each requiring a continual and sizeable consumption
o water.
Commercial applications also include these uses, but can
be more varied. Past installations have seen rainwater put
to use in a diverse range o unctions including vehicle
washdown, heating and cooling applications, materials
manuacturing, arming and livestock and scientic
applications.
1FACTOR
Step
09
Utigut-fttiWhatever the design o covered structure or building, a Rainwater Harvesting system can be
designed and installed to capture the rain that alls upon it.
As a starting point, it is worth considering the undamentals that govern the design and thinking
behind each individual installation.
There are Five basic actors to cosider:
new Build or Retroft?
Putting the rainwater storage tank into the ground is thebiggest task on any harvesting systems installation agenda.
Logically, the prime time to install the tank is at the ground-
working stage o the projects construction schedule.
This poses little problem or new-builds as the oundations
and drainage will need to be dug and excavation plant
will be on site. However, or retrot installations, careul
thought should be paid to both physical restrictions (e.g
access to proposed tank location), plus any preparation
work that may be required after the install.
See page 15 or more details o tak locatio optios.
2FACTOR
Roofg Area ad Draiage
A buildings roo area is its rainwater catch net. The
larger the roo, the larger the volume o water that can be
collected.
It is very much down to the application that decides just
how much rain (and thus diverted roo area) may be
required, but there are also many other advantages in
using the system as an intrinsic part o the buildings
overall sustainable drainage (SUDS) scheme.
3FACTOR
Scale o Use
On larger building schemes it may be more practical to
adopt a multiple-tank layout to cater or the expanse o
roo space. This places localised reserves o water exactly
where needed, rather than one large tank requiring a
number o lengthy supply pipes.
Alternatively, a single tank can eed many outlets an
arrangement common to domestic house developments
where each dwelling draws o one collective tank.
Available Iteral Tak Space
Most rainwater systems supply water direct rom the
underground rainwater tank, but it may be desirable tohave an elevated header tank (usually located in a lot area
or roo cavity) to store ltered water ater the main tank.
This has an advantage that in the event o a power cut or
i electricity is being rationalised, the building continues to
receive a supply o harvested water.
5FACTOR
4FACTOR
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College Road North, Aston Clinton, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire HP22 5EWSales Hotline Tel: +44 (0) 1296 633000 Fax: +44 (0) 1296 633001
[email protected] or visit www.kingspanwater.com or our company website www.kingspanenv.com
Unit 1, O Derryboy Road, Carnbane Business Park, Newry, Co. Down BT35 6QHNI: Tel: +44 (0) 28 302 66799 IRL: Tel: 048 302 66799
[email protected] or visit www.kingspanwater.ie or our company website www.kingspanenv.com