The National Flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolor of deep Saffron, White and India Green. With the Ashoka Chakra, a 24-spoke wheel, in blue at its centre. It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent

Assembly held on 22 July 1947, when it became the official flag of the Dominion of India. The flag was subsequently retained as that of the Republic of India. In India, the term “ TRICOLOR ” almost always refers to the Indian national flag. The flag is based on the Swaraj flag, a flag of the Indian National Congress designed by Pingali Venkayya. Saffron represents: courage, sacrifice, and the spirit of renunciation. White signifies: Purity and truth. Green stands for: Faith and fertility. The Blue Chakra symbolizes: The wheel of life in movement and death in stagnation.

Images and Meaning of the India Flag

The National Emblem of India is a replica of the lion of Sarnath, near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh The lion capital was erected in the third century BC by emperor Ashoka to mark the spot where Buddha first proclaimed his gospel of peace and emancipation to the four quarters of the universe the National anthem is thus the symbolic of Contemporary India's reaffirmation of its ancient Commitment to the world peace and goodwill.

The four lions (one hidden from view? symbolizing Power, courage and confidence the rest on a circular Abacus.

The abacus is girded by four smaller Animals- guardian of the four directions, the lions of The north, the elephant of the east, the horse of the South, and the bull of the west.

The abacus rests on a Lotus in full bloom, exemplyfying the fountain head of Life and creative inspiration the motto

" Satyameva Jayate" describes below the emblem in Devanagari Script means truth.

INDIA‘S EMBLEM

Dates: October 2, 1869 - January 30, 1948

Also Known As:

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Mahatma ("Great Soul"), Father of the Nation, Bapu ("Father"), Gandhiji Overview of Gandhi:

Mohandas Gandhi was the last child of his father (Karamchand Gandhi) and his father's fourth wife (Putlibai). During his youth, Mohandas Gandhi was shy, soft-spoken, and only a mediocre student at school. Although generally an obedient child, at one point Gandhi experimented with eating meat, smoking, and a small amount of stealing -- all of which he later regretted. At age 13, Gandhi married Kasturba (also spelled Kasturbai) in an arranged marriage. Kasturba bore Gandhi four sons and supported Gandhi's endeavors until her death in 1944. Historical Importance:

Mohandas Gandhi is considered the father of the Indian independence movement. Gandhi spent twenty years in South Africa working to fight discrimination. It was there that he created his concept of satyagraha, a non-violent way of protesting against injustices. While in India, Gandhi's obvious virtue, simplistic lifestyle, and minimal dress endeared him to the people. He spent his remaining years working diligently to both remove British rule from India as well as to better the lives of India's poorest classes. Many civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., used Gandhi's concept of non-violent protest as a model for their own struggles.

“ Sardar “ Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel (31 October 1875 – 15

December 1950) was an Indian barrister and statesman, one of the

leaders of the Indian National Congress and one of the founding fathers of

the Republic of India. He is known to be a social leader of India who

played an unparalleled role in the country's struggle for independence and

guided its integration into a united, independent nation. Therefore he is

also regarded as the "Bismarck of India" and "Iron Man of India". In India

and across the world, he was often addressed as Sardar, which

means Chief in Hindi, Urdu, and Persian.

He was raised in the countryside of Gujarat in a family of Leva-

Patidar Vallabhbhai Patel was employed in successful practice as

a lawyer when he was first inspired by the work and philosophy

of Mahatma Gandhi. Patel subsequently organized the peasants

ofKheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil

disobedience against oppressive policies imposed by the British Raj; in

this role, he became one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He rose

to the leadership of the Indian National Congress and was at the forefront

of rebellions and political events, organising the party for elections in

1934 and 1937, and promoting the Quit India movement.

As the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India, Patel

organised relief for refugees in Punjab and Delhi, and led efforts to restore

peace across the nation. Patel took charge of the task to forge a united

India from the British colonial provinces allocated to India and more than

five hundred self-governing princely states, released from

British suzerainty by the Indian Independence Act 1947. Using frank

diplomacy, backed with the option and use of military force, Patel's

leadership persuaded almost every princely state which did not have a

Muslim majority to accede to India. Hailed as the Iron Man of India, he is

also remembered as the "Patron Saint" of India's civil servants for

establishing modern all-India services. Patel was also one of the earliest

proponents of property rights and free enterprise in India.

In the villages in India many poor people suffer.

India is a large country.

India has the auspicious river called Ganga River.

Facts about India India is the largest democracy in the world. Hindi and English are the official languages of India. The government also recognizes 17 other languages (Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Nepali, Manipuri, Konkani, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu). Apart from these languages, about 1,652 dialects are spoken in the country. India was one of the richest countries on earth until the British invasion in the early 17th century. India invented the number system and Aryabhatta was the scientist who invented the digit zero. India is the birthplace of chess.l The original word for “chess” is the Sanskritchaturanga, meaning “four members of an army”—which were mostly likely elephants, horses, chariots, and foot soldiers. India is the 6th largest country in the world, the largest democracy and one of the oldest civilization. India has the most number of mosques. It has 300,000 mosques which is much more than the Muslim world. India is one of the largest exporter of computer software products. Before 1986, India was the only place in the world where Diamonds could be found. The biggest and the largest employer in the world is Indian railways employing over a million people. With 150,000 post offices, India has the largest postal network in the world.

The Himalayas—from the Sanskrit hima, meaning “snow,” and alaya, meaning “abode”—are found in the north of India. They extend 1,500 miles and are slowly growing taller, by almost an inch (2.5 cm) a year. Several ancient Indian monasteries are found nestled in the grandeur of these mountains. Indians made significant contributions to calculus, trigonometry, and algebra. The decimal system was invented in India in 100 B.C. The concept of zero as a number is also attributed to India. The Bengal tiger is India’s national animal. The national fruit of India is the mango. The national bird is the peacock. India has the world’s third largest road network at 1.9 million miles. It also has the world’s second largest rail network, which is the world’s largest civilian employer with 16 million workers. Indians made significant contributions to calculus, trigonometry, and algebra. The decimal system was invented in India in 100 B.C. The concept of zero as a number is also attributed to India. Most Indians rinse their hands, legs, and face before eating a meal. It is considered polite to eat with the right hand, and women eat after everyone is finished. Wasting food is considered a sin. It is traditional to wear white, not black, to a funeral in India. Widows will often wear white in contrast to the colorful clothes of married or single women. India experiences six seasons: summer, autumn, winter, spring, summer monsoon, and winter monsoon. Dancing is one of India’s most highly developed arts and was an integral part of worship in the inner shrines of every temple. It is notable for its expressive hand movements.

The Taj Mahal (“crown palace”) was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (1592-1666) for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal (1593-1631). This architectural beauty has been called “marbled embroidery” for its intricate workmanship. It took 22,000 workmen 22 years to complete it. The earliest cotton in the world was spun and woven in India. Roman emperors would wear delicate cotton from India that they would call “woven winds.” Mogul emperors called the fabrics “morning dew” and “cloth of running water”. The Kumbh Mela (or Grand Pitcher Festival) is a huge Hindu religious festival that takes place in India every 12 years. In 2001, 60 million people attended, breaking the record for the world’s biggest gathering. Many Indian wives will never say their husband’s name aloud, as it is a sign of disrespect. When addressing him, the wife will use several indirect references, such as “ji” or “look here” or “hello,” or even refer to him as the father of her child. The Himalayas—from the Sanskrit hima, meaning “snow,” and alaya, meaning “abode”—are found in the north of India. They extend 1,500 miles and are slowly growing taller, by almost an inch (2.5 cm) a year. Several ancient Indian monasteries are found nestled in the grandeur of these mountains. India has the world’s largest movie industry, based in the city of Mumbai (known as the “City of Dreams”). The B in “Bollywood” comes from Bombay, the former name for Mumbai. Almost all Bollywood movies are musicals. Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948) is known around the world as Mahatma, which is an honorific title meaning “Great Soul” in the ancient Indian language of Sanskrit. He devoted his life to free India from British rule peacefully and based his campaign on civil disobedience. His birthday, October 2, is a national holiday. He was assassinated in 1948.

Draw a line to the correct picture from the words.

•Rickshaw

•Gange River

•Rupees

•Taj Mahal

These are some festivals that are celebrated by people in India.

Diwali is one of them. On Diwali people put candles(diya) in and outside their home to welcome Lakshmi, the radiant consort of Vishnu and the goddess of wealth and lustre. Diwali is 5 days long. It comes in October or November. Also, so the bad stuff goes away and new stuff comes. Also, people draw a rangoli. A rangoli is a handmade pattern or design. They make rangolis for design. People also go visit friends,families,and relatives. They wish them a happy Diwali. They also eat sweets and wear new clothes. Diwali is a festival of lights. Another festival is Holi. Holi is a festival of colors. It is celebrated in March. People throw different types of color on everyone. They get all colory and messy. The people look like a colorful rainbow. A bonfire is lit on full moon day. It is lit so the evil dies and good comes instead of badness. On Holi when the bonfire is lit people throw dry nuts and other stuff in the bonfire. One important holiday is Independence Day. On that day India gained its independence. India got freedom from British rule. On Independence Day people all over the world have parades and sing the national anthem of India. This important day is celebrated on August 15. India got independence because of Karamchand Mohandas Gandhi, who is now known by Bapu Shree Mahatma Gandhi. He was a important person.