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IMPACT OF GULF OIL SPILL
1. ENVIRONMENT
Birds
Mammals
Sea turtles and other reptiles
Fish and aquatic invertebrates
Wildlife Refuges
Immediate Impacts
In the months following the Gulf oil disaster, wildlife managers, rescue crews, scientists
and researchers saw man immediate impacts of the oil impacting wildlife!
"il coated birds# feathers, causing birds to lose their buoanc and the abilit to regulate bod
temperature!
Mammals could have ingested oil, which causes ulcers and internal bleeding!
Sea turtles were covered in oil
$ead and ding deep sea corals were discovered seven miles from the $eepwater %ori&on well!
Long Term Impacts
'hough oil is no longer readil visible on the surface, it isn(t gone! Scientists have found
significant amounts on the Gulf floor, and the oil that has alread washed into wetlands
and beaches will li)el persist for ears!
Sick Dolphins
*s part of the official investigation into impacts of the $eepwater %ori&on disaster, a
team of scientists did comprehensive phsicals on dolphins in Barataria Ba in +--,
a heavil.oiled area of the /ouisiana coast! 0earl half the dolphins studied were
ver ill1 -2 percent of the dolphins were not e3pected to survive!
Sea T!"les S"!an#in$ a" %& No!'al Ra"es
$ata from the Sea 'urtle Stranding and Salvage 0etwor) indicates that between -456
and +4, an average of nearl - sea turtles were found stranded annuall in the oil
http://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Birds.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Mammals.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Sea-Turtles.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Fish.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Refuges-At-Risk.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Birds.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Mammals.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Sea-Turtles.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Sea-Turtles.aspxhttp://blog.nwf.org/wildlifepromise/2010/11/coral-damage-how-long-will-gulf-oil-disaster-impacts-linger/http://blog.nwf.org/wildlifepromise/2010/11/coral-damage-how-long-will-gulf-oil-disaster-impacts-linger/http://blog.nwf.org/2013/12/study-dolphins-in-oiled-areas-of-gulf-very-sick/?s_src=Website_OilSpill_Content_SickDolphinStudyhttp://blog.nwf.org/2013/12/study-dolphins-in-oiled-areas-of-gulf-very-sick/?s_src=Website_OilSpill_Content_SickDolphinStudyhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Birds.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Mammals.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Sea-Turtles.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Fish.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Refuges-At-Risk.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Birds.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Mammals.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Sea-Turtles.aspxhttp://blog.nwf.org/wildlifepromise/2010/11/coral-damage-how-long-will-gulf-oil-disaster-impacts-linger/http://blog.nwf.org/2013/12/study-dolphins-in-oiled-areas-of-gulf-very-sick/?s_src=Website_OilSpill_Content_SickDolphinStudyhttp://blog.nwf.org/2013/12/study-dolphins-in-oiled-areas-of-gulf-very-sick/?s_src=Website_OilSpill_Content_SickDolphinStudy
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spill area! Since the spill, each ear roughl 7 sea turtles have been found stranded,
most of which were the ver endangered 8emp(s ridle sea turtles!
Un(alance# Foo# )e(
'he Gulf oil disaster hit at the pea) breeding season for man species of fish and
wildlife! 'he oil(s to3icit ma have hit egg and larval organisms immediatel,
diminishing or even wiping out those age classes! Without these
generations, population dips and cascading food web effects ma become evident in
the ears ahead!
Dec!ease# Fish an# )il#li*e Popla"ions
Scientists will be watching fluctuations in wildlife populations for ears to come! It
wasn#t until four ears after the -454 933on :alde& oil disaster that the herring
population collapsed! 'went ears later, it is still has not recovered!
+. ECONOMIC
Fishin$ In#s"!,
'his is the pea) of the spawning season for man species of Gulf fish, crabs
and osters, and the effects of the spill are e3pected to greatl reduce the
quantit of marine life for several generations! 9ven as ;S commercial
seafood harvests have dropped slightl over the last decade, the Gulf billion industr! 0ineteen
percent of the Gulf 6, square miles, is currentl closed to
fishing, between the Mississippi River and the ?ensacola Ba! It is assumed
that the migrator species of fish to be most affected!
Richard Shelb, a Republican Senator from *labama, wrote in a letter to
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the crisis we now face is man.made! If the oil continues to spill in the Gulf
unabated, it will not onl destro the fisheries this ear, but will adversel
impact the Gulf(s ecosstem for decades! *labama(s fishing industr
represents one of the largest economic engines in the state which accounting
for more than =5 million in sales and nearl -5, obs! We must
proactivel wor) to adequatel deal with this situation!C
To!is' In#s"!,
'he region(s tourism industr also faces devastation, which would further
diminish obs and state revenues, with the impact alread being felt in states
where oil has et to come ashore!
'his threatened bust for the )e tourism sector comes in the midst of a deep
and prolonged recession fueled b a mortgage crisis that caused enormous
losses in propert values and thus ta3 revenues in man of the affected
areas! /ouisiana(s industries, in man respects still recovering from the
%urricane 8atrina disaster, are particularl hard hit! 'ourism in /ouisiana is
centered in part on game.fishing charters in the wetlands!
Growing concern has been e3pressed b the $epartment of the Interior thatthe part of the Gulf Stream called the loop current will carr oil into the
region of the Florida 8es which is the home to a coral reef that is b all
accounts particularl sensitive from up the east coast of Florida as far north
as
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/inda %ornsb, director of the Mississippi %otel and /odging *ssociation, told the
Mc
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Oil !i$ 0o!ke!s
$rilling platform crew members have faced dangerous conditions, along with management that
punishes emploees for ma)ing complaints!
Resi#en"s
?eople who live along the coastline suffered propert damage and have been e3posed to
dangerous levels of poisonous chemicals!
-! P!e$nan" 0o'en . volatile chemical called :"
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REFERENCES
-! 9ffect on societ, retrieved on $ecember -7 +-7, at
https@DDen!wi)ipedia!orgDwi)iD%ealthEconsequencesEofEtheE$eepwaterE%ori&onEoilEspill
+! Richard 8no3, ma +, +-+, A?eople are affectedC http@DDwww!npr!orgDtemplatesDstorDstor!php
storIdH-+555+6
! , -+@-> pm, http@DDwww!cbsnews!comDnewsDbp.oil.spill.>.ears.later.
long.term.health.questions.lingerD
>! Maria Gallucci, *pril 6, +-7, -@6 pm http@DDwww!ibtimes!comDbp.oil.spill.has.lasting.economic.
toll.five.ears.after.deepwater.hori&on.e3plosion.-555+
7! 8imberl *madeo, ;S 9conom 93pert,Cimpact on economicC retrieved on $ecember -7, +-7 at
http@DDuseconom!about!comDodDsuppl-DtpDB?E"ilESpill!htm
6! 0ational Wildlife Federation,CGulf oill spill on marineC retrieved on $ecember -7, +-7 at
http@DDwww!nwf!orgDWhat.We.$oD?rotect.%abitatDGulf.RestorationD"il.SpillD9ffects.on.
Wildlife!asp3
2! Mar) Schleifstein, *pril -2, +-7, 4@ pm
http@DDwww!nola!comDenvironmentDinde3!ssfD+-7D>DbpEspillsEeffectsEdebatedEbEs!html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_consequences_of_the_Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spillhttp://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128008826http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128008826http://www.cbsnews.com/news/bp-oil-spill-4-years-later-long-term-health-questions-linger/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/bp-oil-spill-4-years-later-long-term-health-questions-linger/http://www.ibtimes.com/bp-oil-spill-has-lasting-economic-toll-five-years-after-deepwater-horizon-explosion-1883832http://www.ibtimes.com/bp-oil-spill-has-lasting-economic-toll-five-years-after-deepwater-horizon-explosion-1883832http://useconomy.about.com/od/suppl1/tp/BP_Oil_Spill.htmhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife.aspxhttp://www.nola.com/environment/index.ssf/2015/04/bp_spills_effects_debated_by_s.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_consequences_of_the_Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spillhttp://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128008826http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128008826http://www.cbsnews.com/news/bp-oil-spill-4-years-later-long-term-health-questions-linger/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/bp-oil-spill-4-years-later-long-term-health-questions-linger/http://www.ibtimes.com/bp-oil-spill-has-lasting-economic-toll-five-years-after-deepwater-horizon-explosion-1883832http://www.ibtimes.com/bp-oil-spill-has-lasting-economic-toll-five-years-after-deepwater-horizon-explosion-1883832http://useconomy.about.com/od/suppl1/tp/BP_Oil_Spill.htmhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife.aspxhttp://www.nola.com/environment/index.ssf/2015/04/bp_spills_effects_debated_by_s.html
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Environment
Effect towards:
2i!#s . inabilit to fl
Ma''als . ingestion of oil
Sea "!"les an# o"he! !ep"iles . inabilit
to move and breath
Fish an# a3a"ic ine!"e(!a"es .
mutation
)il#li*e Re*$es . choral that destroed
and the sea floor pollution
9conomic
9ffect towards@
Fishin$ In#s"!, . decreasing of fishing
area as well as the decrease of fish and
other seafood!
To!is' In#s"!, . damage of the
tourism attraction such as home of the
choral reef!
-ospi"ali", In#s"!, . tourist was afraid
that the will be affected thus man
cancellation of hotel reservation!
http://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Birds.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Birds.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Mammals.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Sea-Turtles.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Fish.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Refuges-At-Risk.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Birds.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Mammals.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Sea-Turtles.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Fish.aspxhttp://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife/Refuges-At-Risk.aspx
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SocialDsociet
9ffect towards@
Cleanp 0o!ke!s
Fishe!'en
Vessels o* Oppo!"ni", oln"ee!s
O,s"e!'en an# sh!i'pe!s
Oil !i$ 0o!ke!s
Resi#en"s
Vaca"ione!s
"il contains petroleum
hdrocarbons, which are to3icand irritating to the s)in andairwas! It also contains volatilechemicals, called :"
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