V E R T E B R A T A HUNGARICA M U S E I H I S T O R I C O - N A T U R A L I S H U N G A R l C l

9 m 1 1 1960. F a s e . 1.

I c h t h y o l o g i c a l N o t e s I.

By L. Berinkey Zoological Department of the Hungarian National Museum,

Budapest

I n the present paper,I p u b l i s h some r a r e or i n t e r e s t i n g f a u n i s t i c a l data, - r e s u l t i n g from recent c o l l e c t i n g e - t o make a f u r t h e r step i n our knowledge of the fauna of the Da­nube.

Coregonus l a v a r e t u s maraena /BLOCH/ The P i s h i n g Cooperative of Vác forwarded an unknown

f i s h t o the Museum. I t was a Coregonus. These f i s h speciee l i v e i n Northern and Central Europe, North Asia and North America. When i d e n t i f y i n g the f i s h , I found t h a t i t belongs t o the Coregonua lavaretus-group and i s i n a l l p r o b a b i l i t y i t s subspecies maraena. This f i s h was never yet caught i n the Danube. The maraenas excel i n t h e i r high grade v a r i a b i ­l i t y , w i t h 92 known forms of the lavaretus-group.

This group i s c h a r a c t e r i s e d by an i n f e r i o r mouth, the upper jaw p r o t r u d i n g above the lower one. The upper jaw does not extend backwards over the v e r t i c a l l i n e of the a n t e r i o r margin of the eyes. The number of the scales of the l a t e r a l l i n e v a r i e s between 84-100. The number of the raye of the d o r s a l f i n i s I I I - I V . 9-13, t h a t of the anal f i n I I I - I V . 11-14. The number of v e r t e b r a e i s 53-62. There are 16-48 spinae b r a n c h i a l e s .

The species f a v o u r c o l d waters, r i c h i n oxygen. They are t o be found i n Northern Europe and the environs of the Alps , w i t h a s p e c i a l form i n almost every l a k e . The l o c a l i t y datum of the Hungarian specimen are: Vác, Danube, 21 June 1960, l e g . J. MATKOVICS, i n v e n t o r y Nr. 60.144.1.

I t i s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c a l of the subspecies Coregonus l a - v a r e t u s maraena /BLOCH/ t h a t the number of i t s b r a n c h i a l spines l i e s between 29-34, i t has a l a r g e body, reaching a l e n g t h of 1 m and a weight ef seme 10 kg. The standard l e n g t h of the specimen examined by me i s 16,4 cm, the number of the scales of i t s l a t e r a l l i n e 9 1 , t h a t of the rays of the d o r s a l f i n I I I . 10, of the anal f i n I I I . 12. I t has 29 b r a n c h i a l spines. I t s body i s elongated, f l a t t e n e d l a t e r a l l y , i t s g r e a t e s t h e i g h t i s 24,8 % of the standard l e n g t h / a l l f u r t h e r values are given i n percents of the standard l e n g t h / , i t s g r e a t e s t w i d t h 8,4 %. I t s head i s r a t h e r s m a l l , i t s l e n g t h 21.3 5t, i t s breadth 10,2 %t i t s h e i g h t 14,3 %. The upper jaw extends eomewhat over the lower one, reaching backwards t o the l i n e of the a n t e r i o r margin of the eyes. The eye i s r a t h e r b i g , i t s diameter i e 25,7 % of the l e n g t h o f the head /the measurements o f the p a r t e of the head are given i n percents of the l e n g t h of the head/. The p r e o r b l t a l d i s t a n c e i s 29,7 %, the p o s t o r b i t a l one 48,5 %, the i n t e r o r b i t a l one 28,5 %. The d o r s a l f i n i s sh o r t and h i g h ; i t s base 11,1 %, i t s h e i g h t 20,0 %; i t commences before the middle of the body; the p r e d o r s a l d i s t a n c e i s 46 %. The v e n t r a l f i n begins somewhat before the end of the d o r s a l one, I t s l e n g t h i s 14.4 %, the p r e v e n t r a l distance 48,5 %. The adipose f i n i s s i t u a t e d a b i t before the end of the anal f i n . The anal f i n i s s h o r t and low, i t s base 10,8 %, i t s h e i g h t 12,8 %. The caudal peduncle i s s h o r t , i t s l e n g t h 15,8 %, i t s smallest h e i g h t 8,10 %. The caudal f i n i s r a t h e r l o n g and s t r o n g l y i n c i s e d . The scales are minute. The l a t e r a l l i n e i s comp­l e t e . s t r e t c h i n g from the head t o the caudal f i n i n an almost s t r a i g h t l i n e . There i s an edge covered by s c a l e s , running

from the v e n t r a l f i n e t o the a p e r t u r e of the s n a l i B . Coregonus l a v a r e t u s maraena /BLOCH/ l i v e s i n the MadU-

see i n Pomerania. Owing t o i t s many advantageous f e a t u r e s , i t waB introduced from there i n t o s e v e r a l l o c a l i t i e s . There may be two explanations of the problem of i t s appearance i n the reach at Vác of the Danube. The Balaton P i s h i n g Company imported more than one m i l l i o n Coregonus a l b u l a LINNÉ spawns from Poland i n 1958 and 1959, l e t t i n g the f i s h e s out, a f t e r h a t c h i n g , i n t o the Balaton. Therefore one, and, I may add, the l e s s p l a u s i b l e , e x p l a n a t i o n i s t h a t the spawns, o r at l e a s t some of them, imported from Poland, were not Coregonus a l b u l a LINNÉ, and t h a t a part of the brood placed i n the Ba­l a t o n reached the Danube by way of the Sió Channel. The ot h e r , and more probable, e x p l a n a t i o n i s t h a t the f i s h a r r i ­ved i n the Danube from a c o u n t r y adjacent t o Hungary, p o s s i b l y from Czechoslovakia. SIMEK /11/ s t a t e s i n h i s book t h a t Coregonus l a v a r e t u s maraena /BLOCH/ was s u c c e s s f u l l y i n t r o d u c e d i n the lakes of Southern Czechoslovakia, they m u l t i p l i e d s u i t a b l y , and then, f o r many ye a r s , specimens were placed out i n t o f r e e waters t o o . And from the r i v e r s o f Southern Czechoslovakia, the species might e a s i l y have reached the Danube. I n my o p i n i o n , t h i s i s the most p l a u s i b l e e x p l i c a t i o n of i t s occurrence i n Hungary. A l s o , I have t o po i n t out an erroneous datum i n SIMEK's book /p. 119-120/, namely t h a t Coregonus l a v a r e t u s maraena /BLOCH/ o r i g i n a t e s from the Lake Tchud / o r i g i n a l l y Lake Peipus/. R i g h t l y , the species l i v e s i n Lake Madii, w h i l e i t i s Coregonus l a v a r e t u s maraenoideB POLIAKOW which i s indigenous i n Lake Tchud,

I n every case, the occurrence of the species i n the Da­nube i s a most i n t e r e s t i n g i c h t h y o - f a u n i s t i c a l datum.

Salmo t r u t t a m. f a r i o LINNÉ I t i s well-known t h a t the brook t r o u t i s a t y p i c a l i n ­

h a b i t a n t of the r a p i d , c o l d water, oxygen-rich mountain brooks, of the s o c a l l e d t r o u t - l e v e l . I t occurs sometimes,

though r a r e l y , t h a t epecimene can be met w i t h f a r from the

ueual h a b i t a t s of the specieB. I n the a n n i h i l a t e d ICHTHYOLO-

GICA1 COLLECTION OF THE HUNGARIAN NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM,

there was a specimen c o l l e c t e d i n the Tisza, at Szeged, on

14 March 1918. I n the ' t h i r t i e s , both the brook and the

rainbow /Salmo i r i d e u a GIBB./ t r o u t e were captured several

times i n the Balaton. Thua, A.SZABADOS /12/ mentions a Salmo

i r i d e u s specimen caught a t Tihany /8 June 1937/, K. LUKÁCS

/7/ a Salmo t r u t t a f a r i o from between Szárszó and Szemes, i n

January 1938 / t h i s specimen was given t o the ICHTHYOLOGICAL

COLLECTION OF THE HUNGARIAN NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM/, and the

same author /8/ also s t a t e s t h a t a Salmo I r i d e u s was captured

at eaiacBony i n February 1938, and a brook t r o u t from Keszt­

h e l y i£~-y*e beginning o f the same month. The ex p l a n a t i o n of

thsi p e l a t i v e i j F ^ r e q u e n t occurrence of the two t r o u t species

i n t h f B a l a t o n i s the f a c t t h a t , at t h a t time, both f i s h had

been bred i n the f i s h e r i e s of Csopak and Lesencetomaj, from

where they have reached the Balaton i n d u b i t a b l y by the Nosz-

t o r , t h a t i s , the Lesence, brooks.

VUTSKITS /15/, who compiled the chapter on f i s h e s f o r

the FAUNA REGNI HUNGÁRIÁÉ, d i d not l i s t Salmo t r u t t a m . f a r i o

from the Danube, and, ae f a r ae I know, t h i s species had not

been shown from t h i s r i v e r y e t . I t s occurrence i n the Hunga­

r i a n reaches of the Danube i s i n any case a r e a l r a r i t y . A

specimen was found l u c k i l y , when l o o k i n g over the haul of

fishermen on 1 A p r i l I 960. At t h i s time, they were working

the reach between Zebegény and Visegrád. The brook t r o u t ,

caught i n t h e i r n e t , found i t s way i n t o the ICHTHYOLOGICAL

COLLECTION OF THE HUNGARIAN NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM.

Cottus goblo LINNÉ

Cottus gobjo i s a l s o an i n h a b i t a n t of the t r o u t - l e v e l ,

but i t a l s o occurs at lower gradée. Thus, i t was &hown also

from the Hungarian reaches of the Danube, b u t , according t o

our present i n f o r m a t i o n s , i t i s a r a r e species here. VUTSKITS

/15/, l i s t i n g i t s occurrence at Komárom and Zimcny, w r i t e s , on the a u t h o r i t y of HERMAN /5/,as Pollowe: „In Duna r a r i s s i m e o c c u r r i t etiam ad Komárom". Four specimens from the Danube had been preserved i n the ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTION OF THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM, o r i g i n a t i n g from the f o l l o w i n g l o c a ­l i t i e s : A p a t i n , November 1916, 1 specimen, l e g . :E.UNGER - G3-nyi i , 24 September 1934. 1 specimen, leg.:E. DUDICH;Budapest, the upper end of the Margit I s l a n d , 27 October 1957, 1 spe­cimen, l e g . : L. FURIA; Budapest, the upper end c f the Margit I s l a n d , October 1957, 1 specimen, l e g . : F.SOMOGYI. I t i s i n ­t e r e s t i n g t o note t h a t a l l c o l l e c t i n g data o r i g i n a t e from the autumn /September-November/. That the bu l l h e a d i s not as rare i n the Danube as i s shown also by the above dat a , and that i t s successful c o l l e c t i n g i n t h i s r i v e r depends on spe­c i a l water l e v e l s i n accordance w i t h the h a b i t s of the spe­c i e s , i s f u r t h e r s u b s t a n t i a t e d by ths c o l l e c t i n g s made at the time of the e x t r a o r d i n a r i l y low water l e v e l s d u r i n g the autumn of 1959 and the e a r l y s p r i n g of I96 0 . During these few months, 41 specimens were c o l l e c t e d i n t h e reach of the Danube between Vác and Budapest, i n the sma l l watery p i t s along the shore and under stones.The data of theee specimens are as f o l l o w s :

Budapest, Hajógyár I s l a n d , 15 Oct.1959,2 spec.leg.:V.WOLSKY. Vác, 22 Oct. 1959, 3 spec, l e g . : J.KATKOVICS. Vác, 24-25 Nov. 1959. 1 spec, l e g . : J.MATKOVICS. Vác, 7-11 Dec. 1959, 26 spec, l e g . : J.MATKOVICS. Vác, 24-25 March I960, 2 spec, l e g . : J.MATKOVICS. Vác, 22 A p r i l I960, 7 spec, l e g . : J.MATKOVICS.

On the basis of mass c o l l e c t i n g s l i k e t he above ones, one may conclude t h a t the occurrence i n the Danube of t h i s species i s not a r a r i t y , but r a t h e r a low water leve) s u i t a b l e f o r i t s capture i s only seldom met w i t h .

I c h t h y o l o g i a i j e g y z e t e k I.

Irta: Berinkey László Természettudományi Múzeum, Budapest

Szerző j e l e n munkájában az utóbbi idők gyűjtéseiből származó, érdekesebb f a u n i s z t i k a i adatokat közöl a Dunából.

1. / A Duna váci szakaszán a Coregonus l a v a r e t u s maraena /BLOCH/ egy példányára akadtak. Arra a kérdésre, hogy e h a l ­f a j honnan kerülhetett a Dunába, a szerző s z e r i n t , kétféle magyarázat jöhet számitásba. Miután a B a l a t o n i Halászati Vállalat az elmúlt években Lengyelországból egy millfónál több Coregonus a l b u l a LINNÉ ivadékot t e l e p i t e t t a Balatonba, i g y feltételezhető, hogy a szállítmányban tévedésből nagy maréna i k r a i s keve r e d e t t , s i g y a szóbanforgó halivadék a Balatonból, a Sió csatornán keresztül j u t h a t o t t e l a Dunába. Valószínűbbnek t a r t j a azonban, hogy a Dél-Csehországi szabad vizekbe több éven át t e l e p i t e t t nagy marénak közül került a f o g o t t példány a Dunába.

2. / A Salmo t r u t t a m .fario LINNÉ /sebes pisztráng/ r i t ­kán t i p i k u s élőhelyétől távoli helyeken i s megtalálható. Igy az irodalom alapján ismeretes a Tiszából /Szegednél/,s több esetben észleltek már mind a sebes, mind a szivárványon pisztrángot a Balatonban i s . I d e , minden valószinüaég sze­r i n t a szomszédos csopaki és lesencetomaji tógazdaságokból kerültek a halak, h o l abban az időben mindkét f a j t tenyész­tették. A FAUNA REGNI HUNGÁRIÁÉ a sebes pisztrángot a Dunából nem e m l i t i , s innen, a szerző tudomása s z e r i n t azóta sincs

kimutatva. I960. IV. 1.-én a Duna Zebegény-ViBegrád közötti szakaszán sikerült egy példányát megtalálni. E h a l f a j dunai előfordulása mindenképen ritkaságnak mondható.

3./ Cottus gobio LINNÉ /botos kölönte/ az irodalom ada­t a i s z e r i n t a Duna magyarországi szakaszán ritkának nevezhe­tő h a l f a j n a k számitott. Hogy nem i s olyan r i t k a , a eredmé­nyes gyűjtése a Dunában, e f a j életmódjából következő külön­leges vízállást viszonyoktól függ, azt bizonyítják az 1959. őszi ée I960, k o r a t a v a s z i rendkívüli alacsony vízállás i d e ­jén történt gyűjtések. E rövid pár hónap a l a t t ugyanis a Du­na Budapest-Véc közötti szakaszán e f a j 41 példányát s i k e ­rült begyűjteni a partmenti k i s gödrökben és a kövek a l a t t .

R e f e r e n c e s

1. BADE, E.: Die mitteleuropäischen Süsswasserfische / S t u t t g a r t , 1902, 1-2. pp. 182, 176, spec. 2. p. 26-41/. -2. BAUCH, G.: Die einheimischen Süsswasserfische / B e r l i n , 1955, pp. 200. spec. p. 144-153/. - 3. BERG, L.S.: Ubersicht der V e r b r e i t u n g der Süsswasserflache Europas /Zoogeographica 1. 1933, p, 107-208, spec. p.120-131/. - 4. BERG, L.S.: Ryby presznich vod C.C.C.P. i s z o p r e d e l i t e l n i Bztran /Moszkva-Leningrad, 1949, pp.1381. spec. p.313-421/. - 5. HERMAN, o . : A Magyar Halászat Könyve /Budapest, 1887, 1-2. pp.860, spec, p. 677-678/. - 6. KELLER, 0.: Sebespisztráng a k e s z t h e l y i ö-bölben /Pótfüzetek a Természettud. Közlönyhöz,Budapest,1939, p.36-37/. - 7. LUKÁCS, K.: Sebespisztráng a Balatonban /Ha­lászat, 1938, p.17/. - 8. LUKÁCS, K.: Szivárványos pisztráng a Balatonban /Halászat, 1933, p.25-26/. - 9. MIHÁLYI,P.: Re-v i a i o n der Süsswasserfische von Ungarn und der angrenzenden Gebieten i n der Sammlung der Ungarischen Naturwissenschaften

Museums /Ann. h i s t . - n e t . Mus. Nat. Hung. 1954, 5.p.433-4i>6/. - 10. SIEBOLD, Th.; Die Süsswasserfische von M i t t e l e u r o p a / L e i p z i g , 1863. pp. 430. spec. p. 239-266/. - 11. SIMEK, Z.i Ryb a r e t v i na t e k o n c i c h vodách /Praha, 1954, pp.442, spec. p. 119-121/. - 12. SZABADOS, A.: Pisztráng a Balatonban /Ha­lászat, 1937, p.82-84/. - 13. TÖLG, I . : A k i s marénak további sorsáról /Halászat, 1958, p. 124/. - 14. TÖLG, I . : Az idén i s kelnek k i s marénak Tihanyban /Halászat, 1959, p. 67/. -15. VUTSKITS, Gy.: Pisces / i n Magyar Birodalom Állatvilága/ /Budapest, 1918, p. 1-42/.