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2 1Divices
Solut on
I I nnovation and Abilitiesnnovation and Abilities
eng. Elitsa Petkucheva
(Student)
UUniversity of CChemical TTechnology and MMetallurgy
Center for Hydrogen TechnologyCenter for Hydrogen Technology
Sofia,Bulgaria,Bulgaria H22
Hy
An Innovation Week on R.E.S.
Hybrid System for BioHydrogen Production Hybrid System for BioHydrogen Production
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Hydrogen EconomyHydrogen Economy
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Hydrogen Characteristics
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>Colorless
>Odorless
>Nontoxic
>Does not produce acid rain
>Does not deplete ozone
>When pure Hydrogen isused in a fuel cell the
products are electricity,
heat and water
Advantages Advantages !isadvantages !isadvantages
>Burns vs. Explodes
>1/10 the heat of gas fire
>22 x weaker than gas explosion
at the same explosion
>No smoke
"ot li#uid or gaseous form of dynamite $$$ "ot li#uid or gaseous form of dynamite $$$
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Waste Water
Wastewater, also spelled waste water, is any water that has been adversely
affected in !ality by anthropogenic infl!ence" #t comprises li!id wastedischarged by domestic residences, commercial properties, ind!stry, and/or
agric!lt!re and can encompass a wide range of potential contaminants and
concentrations"
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BiomassBiomass
$iomass, as a renewable energyso!rce, is biological material from
living, or recently living organisms
#nd!strial biomass can be grown
from n!mero!s types of plants,
incl!ding miscanth!s, switchgrass,hemp, corn, poplar, willow, sorgh!m,
s!garcane,and a variety of tree
species, ranging from e!calypt!s to
oil palm %palm oil&"
$iomass is carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen based"
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Compartments and Mechanisms at work
(Biowaste)
!rganic acids)
Microorganisms
"
Car#ohydrates
Continuously $tirred Tank % eactor
&ark 'ermentation(
Mem#rane)'ree Micro#ial Electrolysis Cell
Car#on 'i*ation and Electrohydrogenesis (
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Main +rocesses
Dark
Fermentation:
Carbon fxation:
Microbial electrolysis:
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Used Microorganism
%aldicellulosiru&tor saccharolyticus She'anella oneidensis *
thermophilic (70° C) strictly anaerobic asporogenous bacterium it hydrolyses a variety of polymeric
carbohydrates (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, a -glucan (starch, glycogen), b -glucan (lichenan, laminarin), guar gum) to acetate,lactate, hydrogen and CO
high yield and lo! product inhibition simultaneous utilisation of sugars (cellulose,
hemicellulose, pectin) gro!th at elevated temperatures" robust
thermophilic organisms, !ith a decreased ris#of contamination$
reduce poisonous heavy metal and can live in both
environments !ith or !ithout o%ygen proteobacterium
facultative bacterium, capable of surviving and proliferatingin both aerobic and anaerobic conditions #no!n as &'issimilatory etal educing *acteria
('*)& because of their ability to couple metal reduction
!ith their metabolism+i%ed CO produce long chain hydrocarbons directly from carbondio%ide, !ater and sunlight
Dark Fermentation ar!on Fi"ation and #lectrohydrogenesi
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Mechanisms for electron transport to electrodes
$ ndirect electron transport by reduced products
educed products of microbial fermentation !ere abiotically o%idi.ed at the anode
surface to provide electrons$
*$ /lectron transport by artificial mediators
n this proposed mechanism electrons are transported by artificial mediators, sometimesreferred to as electron shuttles $his chemical materials offer the possibility for
microorganisms to generate reduced products that are more electrochemically active than
most fermentation products$
C$ /lectron transport through microorganism1s o!n mediator
t is also #no!n that some microorganisms can produce their o!n mediators to promote
e%tracellular electron transfer$
'$ 'irect electron transfer
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anowires formation and Electron transportation
#y $hewanella !neidensis M%)-
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$e.uence of processes
2oltage supply
/01 /01
CO34O3h.vh.v
*iomass
--
22
33 egime +
egime *
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&esign
11
$$%%
&& ''
**
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Calculations and um#ers
/4 C!2/4 C!2
'ull utili5ation of Biomass'ull utili5ation of Biomass
and Waste watersand Waste waters
Efficency more than 6/ 4Efficency more than 6/ 4
Hydrogen producti7ity per mol su#strateHydrogen producti7ity per mol su#strate ::
'thanol( )*+)*2*- +*2.*2- 2)2
!ccinic acid( )*)*2)*2)*- *2
*2 - )2
actic acid( )*+)**)* - +*2.*2 - +)2
3ormic acid( *)**2-)2
1,8 tones CO1,8 tones CO22 1 tones Bioass1 tones Bioass !" k# $!" k# $22
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2oltage(
Current'ensity89m2(
p4 4 productionatem39day9m2(
0.6 9.3 7 0.
0.6 ! ".# 0."
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+ros+ros
4igher rates of 4ydrogen recovery(more than 6/4 of Hydrogen can #emore than 6/4 of Hydrogen can #e
har7estedhar7ested)bility to use more diverse substrateo Car#on dio*ide emissionso Car#on dio*ide emissions
/liminating the re5uirement for e%pensive catalysts on the anode and the potentialachievement of simultanious !aste reductioneduction of the production areaEasy to operateEasy to operate
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Hydrogen applicationsHydrogen applications
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,,A successul innovation policy is onethat involves all actors in society ,
innovation is something you do hit people , not to them!!
6ose anuel *arroso, October 8th 00
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