1. Introduction MethodsA buildings energy signature and general
environmentalimpact are highly dependent on the behavior of theHigh
Performance Refers to People TooOccupant Focused Approach
Ethnographic Evaluationsoccupants and O&M personnel.
Conversely, occupantSurveysInterviews Observationssatisfaction,
productivity, and health are highly dependenton the nature of the
building they occupy and how it is Marcel Harmon M.E. Group, Inc.,
Kansas City, MO 64111operated and maintained. Any High Performance
/ LEED /Green facility that doesnt actively take these reciprocal
Human Factors and Sustainability Analysis of Contextual
Relationshipsrelationships into account isnt truly high
performance. Measuring & Estimating:Daylighting - Compared to
little or no daylighting, Personal Control - Increased tenant
environmental controlclassrooms with large amounts of daylighting
have beenhave been found to provide average measured workforceo
Occupant Impact on Building PerformanceBut where are the people?
found to increase the rate of student learning by:productivity
gains of: o Occupant Satisfaction & Engagement 20% in math 7.1%
with lighting control,o Occupant Performance/Productivity 26% in
reading 1.8% with ventilation control, and o Occupant Health
Related CostsSource: Heschong Mahone Group. 1999. Daylighting in
Schools: An Investigation into the Relationship Between Daylight
and HumanPerformance. Report submitted to Pacific Gas and Electric.
http://www.h-m-g.com. 1.2% with thermal control. Integration of
this Process Into:Source: Kats, G., L. Alevantis, A. Berman, E.
Mills, and J. Perlman. 2003. The Costs and Financial Benefits of
Green Building: A Report to CaliforniasSustainable Building Task
Force. o Programming/Planning and Design o
RetrocommissioiningRelevant Human Factor ExamplesThermal Comfort
Discomfort represented by non- o Post Occupancy EvaluationsEdward
Gonzales Elementary School: POEoptimal temperature ranges have been
shown todecrease occupant performance / productivity on either o
Operations and MaintenanceDaylighting Quality & Energy
Consumption Segmented light shelf allowed direct sunlight toside of
the optimal temperature range by up to 9%. Final recommendations
take the form of:Source: Seppnen, O., W. J. Fisk, and Q. H. Lei.
2006. Effect of Temperature on Task Performance in Office
Environment. Publication No. LBNL-penetrate south classrooms and
create glare 60946. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ,
Berkeley, CA.Source: Wargocki, P. and O. Seppnen, editors. 2006.
Indoor Climate and Productivity in Offices, Guidebook No. 6. Rehva
(Federation of 1) individual occupant/maintenance personnel
behaviorEuropean Heating and Air-Conditioning Associations),
Brussels, Belgium.problems; as a result blinds are closed and
lightsmodification,turned on. Conrad Duberstein U.S. Post Office
& Courthouse: Retrocommissioning+2) facility/design
modification, and/orReflected Daylight 3) company/organizational
policy modification.Image by Trey Hedden, McGovern Institute for
Brain Research at MITClerestory Window Personal ControlUnwritten
Rules of InteractionSuspended Being cold is the # 1 complaint.
Space HeaterPLANNINGFluorescentPersonal Space Boundaries Fixture
Personal space heaters used to gain control overSegmented
LightOrganizational Policies Shelf, Composed of space
temperature.Linear Slats Separated INVESTIGATIVE PHASEDecision
Making Process by Small Gaps Additional electrical load estimated
at $14,000 - Clothing Style
PreferencesFIELDWORKANALYSISINITIALDirect Sunlight$26,600 annually.
Group Dynamics Entering Through Gaps ASSESSMENT(See
AssociatedPercentage of Each Genders ResponsesPattern on
Wall)80%70%60%50%Source: Harmon, M. J. and R. D. Leonard. 2007. A
Post Occupancy Evaluation of the Edward Gonzales Elementary
School,Albuquerque Public School District, Albuquerque, NM.
Prepared for The New Mexico Public School Facility Authority, by
40% 74% IMPLEMENTATION PHASEHuman Inquiry. Professional report in
possession of client. 30%20%43% 41%10%16%23%14%6%9% 0% OWNER
HANDOFF ComfortableComfortableCool/ColdWarm/Hot Cool/Cold
Warm/HotHot & Cold Variation Hot & Cold VariationTypes of
CommunicationEducation Levels/TypeSource:
http://www.yankodesign.com/2009/12/22/always-take-Baca/Dloay azhi
Community School: POE Conclusion the-stairs/Perception of Personal
Control Types of Communication Cultural Conflict with LEEDA truly
high performance building also refers to the Attitudes Placing the
media centerMens Responses Womens Responsesperformance, well being,
and satisfaction of its occupants. Habits (and the story pit) at
the Thermal Comfort IssuesInsuring this requires a systematic
accounting of occupant Health/Fitness Levelsvery center emphasizes
Productivity/performance loss due to temperatureneeds / behavior
during design, evaluation, andthe importance ofvariability: $67,500
annually.operations. Otherwise the intended energy savings,
GHGknowledge in Navajo Productivity loss from contacting O&M:
$825,000 reductions and general quality of the occupant experience
will not be achieved.Ignore Human Factors & culture. annually.
Some Estimated Annual Performance/Productivity & Health But
also eliminated viewPsychological Energy Performance Below
Expectations Savings Resulting from ECMsglass. Water Usage Above
Expectations $6,000,000 Recommended ECMs Estimated OccupantSavings
Recycling Programs Not Meeting Expectations Source: Harmon, M. J.
and R. D. Leonard. 2005. A Post Occupancy Evaluation of the
Baca/Dloay azhi Community School,Prewitt, NM. PowerPoint
Presentation Prepared for The New Mexico Public School Facility
Authority, by Human Inquiry. $5,000,000 Annual Productivity Losses
Due to Social / CulturalBehaviorPhysiologicalPresentation in
possession of client. & Needs Building Wear/Tear Above
Expectations Distracting Noises: $4,000,000 $3,569,000Annual
Productivity Losses Due to Carbon Footprint Above Expectations
Limited Daylighting and ExteriorViews: Tenant Complaints &
Turnover Rates Above Expectations$3,000,000 Annual Productivity
Losses Due toOccupancy Sensors:Building & Low Levels of
Occupant Productivity/Performance Net Zero and Behavior$2,000,000
Annual Productivity Losses Due toOrganization OccupantO&M
PoliciesLack of, or Limited, Personal Lighting Policies &
Absenteeism Above ExpectationsEncouraging Energy Conserving
BehaviorControl:Annual Productivity Losses
ResultingProceduresPerformance& Procedures $1,000,000 Sick
Building Syndrome Symptoms Above Expectations Transparency and
Competition: Add Point-of-Use,$872,284From Low Ventilation Rates:
& HealthAnnual Productivity Losses Attributed Employee Turnover
Rates Real-time and Recordable Energy Meters at$0Productivity /
Health SavingsBuilding System ECM Savingsto Short Term Sick Leave
ResultingFrom Low Ventilation Rates:Above ExpectationsIndividual
Workstations, in classrooms, etc.-$1,000,000 Community Perceptions
Source: M.E. Group, Inc. Retro-Commissioning Final Report for the
Conrad Duberstein U.S. Courthouse and Post Office Building,
NY0399ZZ, Brooklyn, NY. Prepared for theGeneral Services
Administration by M.E. Group, Inc. Report in possession of
client.BuildingsEnvironmentof Facility LowDecision Making
ProcessesLong Term vs. Short Term Benefits Research suggests that
the more people who have a say in the Source: M.E. Group, Inc.
2010. Retro-Commissioning Final Report for the Conrad Duberstein
U.S. Courthouse and Post Office Building, NY0399ZZ, Brooklyn, NY.
Prepared for the General Services Administration by M.E. Group,
Inc. Report in possession of client.decisions involved in a
building project (particularly earlier in the Source: Burgess, J.
and M. Nye. 2008. Re-materialising Energy Use Through Transparent
Monitoring Systems. Energy Policy 36:4454-design process), the more
likely it will be designed and built 4459.sustainably (LEED or
otherwise), all else being equal. For further information
Incorporating productivity and health benefits directly into Please
contact [email protected] and visit Source: Turner, C. and
M. Frankel 2008. Energy Performance of LEED for New Construction
Buildings. New Buildings Institute. LCCAs. www.megroup.com.
