High and Late Middle Ages
1050-1450
Where it begins…- Feudalism is the way of life
- Church & Nobles have a great deal of the power
- Monarchs will attempt to take power back
Who’s Next- King Edward dies
- Harold vs. Duke William
- Duke has Pope’s support
- Invasion of England
William The Conqueror- Monitors Castles- Allegiance of Vassals- Census- Domesday- Had to follow Customs- Jury System- William vs. Church- Thomas Beckett- Archbishop of Canterbury- Trend?
King John- Son of Henry
- Faced Phillip II of France, Pope Innocent III, and his own nobles
- Lost to Phillip, Lost Anjou & Normandy
- Lost to Pope- excommunicated
- Lost to Nobles- Magna Carta
Magna Carta- Rebellious Barons- Affirmed Feudal Rights- Legal rights- People/Church- Due Process & Habeas Corpus- Monarchy must obey law- Council before taxation
Parliament- Evolved from councils- Unified England, How?
- House of Nobles & House of Commons- Check’s who?
Successful Monarchy of France
• 987- Capetians take throne
• Unbroken for 300 years
• Effective Bureacracy
• Taxes & Law
• Gained Middle class backing
Phillip II- Granted Charters
- Standing Army
- National Tax
- Gained English lands in Anjou & Normandy
- At time of death, most powerful ruler
Philip IV- Ruthlessly extends royal power- Attempts taxes from clergy- Ignored rules and arrested clergy that did not
pay- Clashed with Boniface VIII- Sends troops to seize Pope- dies- Papalcy moved to Avignon France- why?
Louis IX - King & Saint- Justice & Chivalry- 2 Wars against Muslims, persecuted
Jews & Heretics- Royal Courts- Officials to check on officials- Outlawed private wars-ends serfdom-
significance?
Estates General- Reps from 3 classes- clergy, nobles,
townspeople
- Difference from Parliament?
Holy Roman Empire- After death what happened?- Duke Otto I - King of Germany- What is Germany?- Central & eastern Europe, parts of France & Italy- Bishops appointed to government- Helps Pope against rebellious nobles- Crowned- HRE- Emperors chose bishops, issue?
Pope vs. HRE- Pope Gregory VII- Wants to separate from secular rulers- Banned Lay Investiture- Emperor Henry IV- Henry is exiled, Forgiven before new HRE- Henry invades Rome, exiles Pope- 1122- Concordat of Worms- Church picks
Bishops
Struggle for Italy- Frederick Barbarossa- tried for Northern
Italy, defeated by the pope and Lombard League
- Fredrick II- Clashed with Popes- HRE- fragmented in feudal states- Southern Italy & Sicily- upheaval- Spain, France, & Pope try to gain
influence
Height of Church Power- Innocent III - Claimed Papal Supremacy
- Launched Crusade against French that wanted to purify church
- Monarchs begin to centralize power, clash over clergy taxation
- Phillip- helps get Pope elected, power of papacy declines
CrusadesCauses?
Effects?
Motives?
Crusades- Holy Land
- Pope Urban II
- Crusades on Europe
- Economic expansion
- Increased Power of Monarchs
- The Church
- Wider World View
Reconquista in Spain- Expel Muslims
- 1300 Christians Control much of Iberian Peninsula except for Granada
Ferdinand and Isabella- Drove Muslims from Granada- Spain
unified
- Under Muslims- Religious toleration
- Isabella Ends toleration
- Started the Inquisition
Inquisition & Impact
Literature, Learning & Arts
Education- Academic Guilds
- Student Life
- Women and Education
Europeans Acquire New Learning
- Spread of Learning- Muslims
- Philosophy
- Science & Math
Medieval Literature- Epics/Long narratives
- Dante’s Divine Comedy
- Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales
Architecure & Art- Romanesque
- Gothic
- Illuminated Manuscripts
Romanesque
Gothic
Illuminated Manuscripts
Black Death
Post-Plague Church- Many died during the plague
- Tough spiritual church
- Luxury- for Pope in Avignon
- Caused a schism-1378-1417, ended with new pope from church council
Hundred Years’ War- English vs. France
- Longbow helped Britain.
- Joan of Arc rallies France
- French have cannon
- Kings expand power
- Parliament will have more power as well
Ready to Change- Renaissance, Reformation, Age of
Exploration