7/25/2019 Hazardous Waste Case - Lead Poisoning in Mona Commons, Jamaica
1/11
HUMAN HEALTH CASE: ZIKA VIRUS IN
BRAZIL 2015
Principles of Environmental Health
7/25/2019 Hazardous Waste Case - Lead Poisoning in Mona Commons, Jamaica
2/11
WHAT IS ZEKA VIRUS?
Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted prim
by Aedesmosquitoes. symptoms include mild fever, skin rash, conjunctivitis
and joint pain, malaise or headache. symptoms norma
2-7 days.
There is scientific consensus that Zika virus is a causemicrocephaly and Guillain-Barr syndrome.
7/25/2019 Hazardous Waste Case - Lead Poisoning in Mona Commons, Jamaica
3/11
HISTORY OF ZiKA VIRUS IN BRAZIL
A recent larger outbreak of Zika virus outside Africa and Asia was con
2015, in Brazil
Local authorities link the outbreak to recent increased flow of foreign v
prompted by the 2014 FIFA World Cup, coupled with the large populat
vectors such as Aedes aegypt and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes that inh
Brazil remains the country most-affected by the mosquito-borne virus
proven to cause a severe birth defect that results in babies born with ab
heads and underdeveloped brains
7/25/2019 Hazardous Waste Case - Lead Poisoning in Mona Commons, Jamaica
4/11
RISK ASSESSMENT
Outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in Brazil
Early detection of cases is essential to reduce the risk of autochtransmission
Clinicians and travel medicine clinics should be aware of the e
ZIKV-affected areas
Travelers returning from areas currently experiencing ZIKV oushould prompt further investigation for ZIKV infection.
7/25/2019 Hazardous Waste Case - Lead Poisoning in Mona Commons, Jamaica
5/11
Effects of Zika Virus on Pregnancy
7/25/2019 Hazardous Waste Case - Lead Poisoning in Mona Commons, Jamaica
6/11
RISK ASSESSMENT CONTD
The laboratory capacity to confirm suspected ZIKV infection
strengthened in the European
As exposure to infected mosquitoes is the principal risk for in
prevention of ZIKV infection is based on protection against m
bites and vector control, particularly for travelers visiting aff
Zika virus is transmitted to a bitten human host after skin inj
mixture of insect saliva, virus, and blood components from th
recent feeding during female mosquito blood meals.
7/25/2019 Hazardous Waste Case - Lead Poisoning in Mona Commons, Jamaica
7/11
RISK MANAGEMENT
Destroy mosquitoes breeding sites
Sensitize the population
Avoid mosquitoes bites and sexual transmisson
Travel ban
7/25/2019 Hazardous Waste Case - Lead Poisoning in Mona Commons, Jamaica
8/11
RISK COMMUNICATION
Case reporting,
Vector sampling,
Reservoir animal sampling and sentinel systems.
Human networking,
Reporting signature pattern recognition and forecasting
social media tracking and bioinformatics
7/25/2019 Hazardous Waste Case - Lead Poisoning in Mona Commons, Jamaica
9/11
LEGISLATION IN JAMAICA
By now, we all know that the Zika virus has been linked to birth
In Jamaica, sections 72 and 73 of the Offences Against the Perso
make it illegal for a pregnant woman to attempt to abort her foe
any other person to attempt to do so. However, under the comm
may be lawful for an abortion to be performed (in some circumsfor the purpose of preserving a life.
7/25/2019 Hazardous Waste Case - Lead Poisoning in Mona Commons, Jamaica
10/11
LEGISLATION CONTD
The current state of the law, given the fact thatmycrocephaly is not said to be life-threatening to the
mother or the foetus, means that it is unlikely that the
common law exception would avail a Jamaican women
who is contemplating an abortion because she contractethe Zika virus.
7/25/2019 Hazardous Waste Case - Lead Poisoning in Mona Commons, Jamaica
11/11
Reference Page
McGregor, S. (2016). Laws of Eve: Zika and JA Abortion Laws; Jamaica Gleaner
World Health Organisation. Retrieved on June 20, 2016 from http://www.who.int/emerge
ncies/zika-virus/timeline/en/
Zkavrus net.com. Retrieved on June 20, 2016 from http://zikavirusnet.com/history-of-zik
frontpage/5-
welcome-to-zika-virus-net.html
http://www.who.int/emergehttp://www.who.int/emergehttp://zikavirusnet.com/history-of-zika/44-frontpage/5-http://zikavirusnet.com/history-of-zika/44-frontpage/5-http://zikavirusnet.com/history-of-zika/44-frontpage/5-http://zikavirusnet.com/history-of-zika/44-frontpage/5-http://zikavirusnet.com/history-of-zika/44-frontpage/5-http://www.who.int/emerge